North Carolina Newspapers

lrt ' 't k ' t J 1 mm-: v. V ...' VOL. 71. SEPTEMBER 10.' 1890. ; NO 37 Hi ft Mi H " You are lu a Bad Fix ' - ' But we will cure you if you will pay u. ?Oor mmsgo is to the weak, nervous and debilitated, who, by early evil habits, or later inditnre tions, have trifl'd away tWr ; vigu of body.miud and tnanliojd.Bud who tulFer all those effects which lead to prematura decay, consumption or in sanity. r If tb'm weatn ypu.-r semi for and read pur Book or lay at. wrl ten by the greatest pcei!.li. of the day, and sent (sealoi!) for 6 contain stamps. Address Dr. ' Parker's Medical and Surgical Institute, 151 North Spruce St , Nashville, Teno. Aug.-7 ly. Cemetery Noies. " Persons in Durham and ad joining counties ' wishing to mark the grave t)f arTelative or lnerid with' a a MUI Tablet'Tomb, or Head and front Stone,. can. do sonata v9ry26m!l outlay, as we havo"the largest ftock'ol finished work of any similar eetaUihhracnt, jn , ' ' ' ' MAKBLS A St) rOUSUEU ORASITK. Best AYorkmanship and Lowest Pi-ice! hi; OADDESS .BK0TI15KS, 101 North CliarlciSt.lUMiiiore Irani Wa.-ka Sua. chart. at. ; Established 60 Years aevl FARTHI N G & DUKE. WHOLESALE Dealers in 'Notions, Clothing, etc ' , We carry ia stock everything you cm find in any general nre. ' "Vfo carry larcrc stocis of YY. L.UUUUL.aOO Shoes, Sattbr & Lewis &lCo.'s , r Shoes. OLD . HICKORY and Piedmont Wag ons ant Road Carts. Ober'u FertilizerThe Na tionalaiid DaruamBulI Fer tilizers. X ; .. The nin t ?U tut the least money FARTHING & DUKE. ' DURHAM, N.G lulu ri Maa "". W. L. DOUGLAS $3 SHOE ri fmit mnt 1n4 Wturtptmmt Unim, w wvirr mviwh .7 n- " tAO lla44mt H rlk It" ml( Mm .HdiNf Hrli M Uia iua4ar4 -.SO fnltrrm.a'a ah. I. rHU a(p All M. hi S3 & $2 SHOES ld,2. Mm aMt ftmMf utiMw lnltiifl aM IN wf.nl Imionrawnit awka laNi ruftrtf an, thn ard a( Ihit .rli-r. lH-a!r, an-l If rat.aM aapt.tr n an4 iNri jo tm-uf m'-l,iM ad'arUaHt attoa, aMallifnntf fina " . ' W, i itvitiLi. Brarhlaa, Maaa, FARTHING & DUKE 1 MainSijDurlian.'N.C, ta ttf, !( MS M. anl VThlnkKfRnMV CHrKl at hiiia Wit Milk bir nf f Urn aa anil wmt V ,Uaui,Vf. 1iL H M Wi) t.KV.M l. aVUavusVa. WiltvtaW.'t VtaiMUaii Sb v. mMM POWDER Absolutely Pure A cream of tartar bakin; powder Highest of all in leavonln; atrength 8. iOiwernmeiit Rcvrl. Aui 17 1JWJ ATTENTION! . Wo'kerp ctEhtantly on band Be liRiots 'Iiook, School Books aud Stationary. We make t specialty of BOOKS lor PUBLIC V, GCJIOOIiS,; M' All of a Inch we sell at NET TRICES lor eajh. We keep a lull supply in stock A large asrrta.ent of SI2LI3, K:2ETB:SLI3,C2r02D '' E1ELZ3 and A ' FALTILY SIXLSi ' All ' told at lowest prices lor cash. J ntt received ( ' 250 Triumphant 3 ";f. Songs, !; Call a'bd see uiLtTora" Idvln. T. J.qatti3 c Son, Main Street, Diwlan, N. ltJ I CEDAH GKOVE ACADKMY. CEEAH GKYEi It" r .11 Term tens Wednesday, August 27. W0; Kpricg term. Mob Uy, Jan. 5, 18yl. ; lUndsoroe new budding, exnerieuced teachers, low tuition, board at 13 GO in refined, cultured, I hriftinn bomes, healthful and morally rrare village i boys and girls ate perfectly asfts here, . Writo for a neat catalogue at once. 11EV..T.IJ.GAME Principal. jury - EUTAW HOUSE t.e, wool. - ; .rtrlalr ' FmSTCISS ' AcknewleJsel at Uourpased in all the 'contributes to the comfort of ITS PATUUN3. Ettvalor and M&krn Improvement Koaiaa lib r'' " aaaainf aaWt la tmj twm. ; lUtea, $2.r,o, ;l.oo aua $30 1'i-r Iay ; Haywood White Sulphur Springs. Al4i:i fiunite with KiintorD ioi'h'i now with A. J. UUTJES a Alaniiit' r, all may loiik out for KihhI n(iii. Thin rwort lias great er altitude tliuti say otlicr mountain re'urt. TluJ f ire. f foww, with Mr. I'ulj.-a nl tin; i.i'rtdof the table, will lc upkndid. Fine sulphurana owl spring water; brat ing.invigem. ling air, refreshing nichU, electric Im-IU, mixli'rate raU, &c, are tome of the altr K tioiis. If yon content plato veiling the mountains this sfiwn, Ir'all menus go to J lay wood. LOUIS RICH & CO,, Stencils, i gcals, i RnbLcr Stamps Etc 1109 Main Street, RICHMON VA. T. J.BATTIS&SOFS . POETRY. THE CHOICE OF A MAX, You're your choice, dear, and taken J-our stand . : tb and fame might be won; in your hand - - . .: The world would have laid its rich 1 -''v est prize. . - - -. But you turned f rem the world. Do you now despise What it could Have given? You are not ereat, : .,...,,.,. But poor and unknown; it ia now loo late. Ah! but I ' know; what you might i ' 1 Lave aone--v i- j , Have etained'yonr soul ere the stake was wen, i .... Have tied, and cboated, and felt no ..suame. ... lathe eiger rate for riches and fame, ; Theugh none may know it rave you Vou let the world and its pomp go by. I told, my darling, you are 'greater ' .now- " Unknown, unnoticed, than if your Were bound with laurel 'and bay, ?ou Have fought the fight, snd tried and ; .. . true, ..W,;... . . fou smile as you weigh the gain and the cost. My love you've kept, and the world you ve lost; m Maj. Guthrie' Card , ' Saturday even ing by previoue ap ppintment I met Mr. W. O, Yickers, superintendent of public instruction Durham county, and a gentleman who is a well known resident of Dur ham, aud iA company with hira while engaged il inspecting his lands lying jualouiaitla the cvrporaxa limiu. of the town of Durham with a view to purchase, in going through' the woodland we casually passed by a place where the "'rubbish from the town ta accustomed to be thrown out. canto to a "place ' where there seemed to bV a great' many ! letters papcia icaltered about and as many of them 3xre the official marks ef the United States internal revenue department, curiosity prompted ns to atop and examine tbeaw. . Tb more we read the more we became InUr ested and finally the conclusion was jesched that, they were the official ftcojds. of. . JohV. . Vs. .Woody,, deputy collector internal raven ae at Buchanan,-M.-C,, embracing, if seems, the conntiee 'of Granville Person and Durham. , Wt colluded that as aoaep them were of 'very recehi date (as late as Jane, 1890.) we would gather them op and leave tbom at the oflice'of The Olohe,- where Mr. ncouycan, un cnooses, can andJ W . I .. . ! t " ' a a I get them, or at, least what remaius.of them after the rain have fallen fen them and the bags Sid vermin have had their sweet will with them. &catte.ed about among these papers, hbwtrer, we found" some other papers whose ownership we are not. positive about, bat if the? sre also a part and parcfcftf Mr. Wood's ejeal fecorii, he,ean ptpv propirty and tike them U may .ha that the tubtcrihttd vtUita or the iignm . could give erne oionusuoa ooncerung uem. a for the purple of advertUiog Ihenj in a wsy which might lead to idenufioatiou, k glte thtui below ver baumt ,., .. 'CCoiy. . "TLis is to certify that if I am' an- t-ointed as supervUor of the Eleven tb Census for ths 4th DistofN. C. that the Republicans In each eoontv in uv DUt, sUU have the contrl of tue patronage sad tbat l will - feud my influence-to-tbat party. .Tbie DeclOth, UM, Witnrea (signed):-. W.E, Webb. (SigncdJL.lYrttvraUy.'', 'North Urolial '1 Jan. 1st 1890 . Tersoa County J Rotboro. This U to ecrtifV that f am an ao- plicant to ester Tbo ltepublioan par ty who now has control of the nation Mil government, vthica party I deeui io te in srisnd oi-tae people, u that party should favor tn witb lu recogniUoa 1 promise to- be a worker 19 its Interest and to lead my entire influence to them si a psrty la their lections. Given nnder my hand and seal this Janaary 1st lS'JOi tSrgued) D D. Loog, Seal (Signed ) W it nuts W, II, fully . We al found among those Inter nal lrenue papers, tha follow lag letter which at first I hesitated about publishing, hat upon reflection. con eluded that to do so would not' only be no breach of propriety on my part, but an imperative duty fwr Ue reasons,'. - 1. It is a letter from ft public officer, and relating entirely t tomat- ters which concern, the public. y It is written on paper furnished by the U- S. Government to members of congress, and paid for out of the public treasurV as the printing on .it shows and I found , it , among the offi"uI reco'di of a public officer.;. Here is . py of tho letter: 5 . ,. Mr. .w- - Copy --"- Hou.' 1 Representatives ' TJ.ffcV .' .; WASHLVOTOK, Di O. . . April 30th 1890. Johu F. Wiody, Eq., Buchanan,' :N. v Dkak Sir:-Io 'reply to your let ter of the 23rd inst, I have to. state tbat at request of Mr. Tuck ' some time since, I went to the office of the CommuBtoner of Xut, Kevenue In re lation (o the appointment of Mr. W. n. eal as 8. & U and was informed that the Collector had recommended him last fill, but had net asked for a removal of any Storekeeper & Gau- eer to make a vacancy to which he cotfld be appointed. I so informed Mr.Tock.''r.1,"4'-.,.t J "u V . t il rw nnr i TCATi r r hnA a rA i n m iiae m two""since " and" wa fuformed that William R. Neal had been appointed last Oct; on the recommendation of air. W hue, I do not know ir could they inform me at the office whether or not your W. R. Neal was the William K. Neal who had been ap pointed. If he in, the matter is sole-1 ly in Air. White's bands' to ask for his" assignment. - I am pleased to hear such good accounts ae you give of matters in the District and thank you for the interest taken in my be? half. Let me bear from you at any time. : Yours truly. , . r 7 (Signed) J, M. IftowEB.' i Republicans of North Carolina: . May one wh j hs heretofore receiv ed many iuani eatatiohs pf your con fidence, offer some comments on the above documents and .tender you what I conceive to be tome good ad vice, prompted by a sense of gratitude to you and my duty as a citizen? Then give me your attention a mo ment. It i said that history constantly repeats itself, and "that which is now hath been and that which is to be bath already been." Like causes produce like effects, and "there is oothing new nnder the sua. " I have thought !fon several -yoart that the "revenue ,rlng of NorthiCarolina bad becomp about as corrupt in pol itics u tha Devil caulJ woll.mske it. but my eyes nave toever before had the opportunity to ate it in writing. You can take these documents and follow them like pig tracks in ; the snow. Mr." Webb, a piircksaWe Democrat through the back. 'door of a backwoods revenue offipo, applies fur admission tot) the charmed -cir Is of this elose political corporation and offers to lend (that is for a consideration. jui'J pro quo,) his in fluence for a census office, Woody reports the purchase to Brower, con gressman in Washington. Brower, being at headquarters and on salary to assist ia making laws, goes to see the commi-sionor of internal revenue, wno has the tar of the president who has the.po wer tq appoint ths supej visor, and through, these gradali-jns Mr. Webb expected to get the -office of census snpervisor, and Long wants the "favor of a recognition" (that js. almost any office found lying around loose) and for it, is willing to, 'fend my nin tHfiMiici" (influence), a " Does any men ox even ute most ordinary understanding Believe that Mr. Brower, holding his seat in con gress by the grsoe of this "revenue ring," bating men like -WeodJ" de puty collector In' the paid employ motit of the government to Iteep him osted on the political affairs of his district, and standing cheek, by-jowl with him in doe politic! affilistion, "Ihsnkiog him" for pa.t favors and seeking mora at his haods and Jnvlt- mg htm "to wute at any tune,". is himself honest in advocating a re peal o( the Internal revenue law? ". Are ton su'prised at his vote id ongresl to past the Lodge election bill to put the elco ton machinery In to ths hands of men tho Vest pub lie offices like chattels on ths mar kst, to be bought and sold, and ' who woalJ, tf they could, perpetuate their power, with armed soldiers at the pellsf . ' ' ' J-' Webb would make an excellent '.'election uperyisor,", put on good pay with ao army at Ibis hack, bow woaldn't he? And what is mora, ths "Revenue Ring," claiming to be the KepubUcaa" party, 'might put him there, too. Republicans, yon who are Republicans from principle and not for pay, how can yon pi event men like Woody; Webb, ' Long and all such from gaining': the ear of a Republican president? The answer is easy..! Vote against Brower and put 1'Baldy" Williams, a Democrat, who is also an honest man, in his plaoe.' 'Break thej link' in this ,un holy chain by which corrupt reven ne officers reach the ear of a Repub lican administration in Washington. History te'U us that the time was '' ' v - : it.-" t- i . '.at m aod woen even wo uiguvn oui cea were put up at auction and sold ki the highest bidder, and Roman guards inducted the purchaser into office. Not many years thereafter Roman liberty perished,; 4 If the offi cea mast be sold, I believe a public auction is rather preferable to a sneak. ing back-door performance in secret It has at least the appearance of more fairness in the sale. These men would divide up and parcel out the offices f the government among themselves like William the Conqueror did the estates of the Saxon barons, after the battle of Hasting;, among bis sold iers, which resulted in the establish ment 6t the Feudal ays em of land tenures that for centuries was the moat grinding and oppressive slavery recorded in history, hardly except ing "Jewish bondage In Egypt, and traces of it can be found In Englinh a wa io day, alter the lapse of more than eight centuries, Mr. Brower, writing t Deputy Collector Woody, speaks of W. R. Neal as your Wil liam. Yes, Woody'a Bill Neal, Woody s Webb; my John, your Jack. just like slave owners thirty years ago spoke ol tneir naves. X es, white tlavei now,, ready to take a public office a ti-nst created for the great and noble purposes of government, to be prostituted at the bidding ot a petty backwoods revenue officer. Republicans, do you like the picture? s overarawof A word to you, my colored Repub lican friends. I shall never cease to remember witb gratitude your votes given to me on severlf .occasions In the past, and po longer ago than the last election for a high and respon sible position; but you have ordered by solemn resolution in a convention at Rideigh last week, .composed of intelligent, euucaiea. representative men of your own race that 1 must leave the Republican party. Yon itaye resolved, ir correctly reported, that roar race alone ia the Republi can party in North Carolina and no white man, without any exception, can be trusted-by you. You have oy your acuon auowa mat you nave no higher conception of the dignity and responsibility of American citi zenship than to get -office and that none but your race shoo id have the offices, so far as you could fill them by your votes. A few day thereafter you shook bands with tbe '-Revenue Ring" and resolved with acclamation than the Lodge election bill should be forced on the people. JI tbis suits you, then I know where yon stand as a race. I joined the Republican party, and cast my first vote for it in 1863 to reconstruct the anion on a basis allowing von all your political rights equal to my own and i am content sun tbat you should have them, bnt I am not will ing for yon to barter away with a few revenue officers, my own liberty rights and privileges with yours. Mark my prediction, if you follow tbat crowd nnder your Lodge bill resolutions adopted in convention in Raleigh last week, you will soon find yourselves like Mr, Woody's official papers "lost in tha woods." They would barter yon and your liberties away for their own political gain, with as little remorse of conscience stterwards as the slave driving specu lator sold you and your ancestors and their wives and children as vhattles thirty years sgo and they wonld eat op your liberties as citizens like a Dutchman eats cheese. - . , Now we part company. po'iUcallv. Weiavs come to a fork In tbe road. Good bye. I have thought at times I would stop voting altogether, being filled with disgust at results. But on reflection, seeing as I do, a political revolution going 00 tue has or which has never yet been seen in American history, I feel that my vote belongs to my country more than to me in dividually, and it wotikl be a plain violation of the duties of cilixenahip to abstain from voting. Fiixow BtrCBUCAXs of theW"te race id No. to Carolina, yon who neither bold, nor leek to hold.' poliu ical office: - 1 :,r i i We are how pretty nstr being po iitical orphani and it is hard to tell in ths confusion where wa ought t find our future political home. But this far at least to day, if no farther i am goiat totrmi.a new political read,., ana resolve, to vote for Mr. Bunn, thtDmoomia can didat for re-election , to congress from my district, I want company and I want you while Republicans to go with me on this road. Mr. Bunn, here's my hand; show ns the wsy. Yon have traveled it before often and know it well, but dont ex pect hi to go too fast at tint until we get more accustomed to it J tere s my nana for the present I will put my teal on it when I vote for you at the ballot box in Novem ber. You den't need a suhcribiny wunets, tor, as we lawyers say in writing a bond, "know all men by 4.1 a . r uiese presents, etc, . Wh. A. Guthbii Tlie Search For Pretty Wives LuUm' Horn Journal. Girls to be successful to-day most have something more than pretty features. The men who are worth marrying are looking for something else tnan pretty faces, coy manners or fetching gowns. They are re cognizing full well that women are progressing at a pace which will quicken, rather than slacken. They realize mat tne woman of to-mor row will be brighter in mind than her predecessor of to-day. Uence, they are looking for wives who will be tbe equal of thjeir neighbors, beauty is being considered an ad junct to common sense. "I want a wife who knows something, who is worth having for what she knows: not one of theee social butterflies." said one of the greatest "catchers" of the New York season at the win ter s close. And he expressed the sentiments of thousands of the young men of to-day. The scent for pretty wives is over, and the looiting for bright young women has begun. And the cirl who to day trains her mind to knowl edge will be the woman of to-morrow. "Put It There." Washutgtos, Sept 3. Mr. Call offered a resolution ( Which was re ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations) declaring that the mur der of Gen. Barrundia, on the stea mer Acupoeho. by tbe authorities of Guatemala, while under the protec tion of the flag of the TJniten States, was an insult to the people of the United States, and demand redress for that injury, and for the security against the recurrence of such cases. the lanff bill was taken np the sugar schedule being nnder consi deration. Mr. Edmunds addressed the Sen- ale, lie referred to the assertion in Mr. Vance's speech last evening that tne zariner bore all the burden 01 the customs duties, wnue ne bad no benefit from them: that the Senator had named a variety of articles that were on the free list, but he had not named the article of mica, found in JNotth Carolina, on which there is a duty. Mr. Vance: There is no duty ou mica in this bill. Mr. Edmunds: Then there ought tobe. Mr. Vance: Put it there. Mr. Edmunds: Ue did not speak of the duty on tobacco, nor A the duty on rice, which the farmsrs of North Carolina raise. Ue forgot the lumber interest of North Caro lina. Ue shut his eyes to the im portance of pitch and tar and tur pentine that hare given such a wholesome and odorous name to the people of that State. Mr. Vance: Iher are put on the free list also; the duty en rice is re duced. Mr. Edmunds: Well, let ns unite to put them where they belong. 1 he fact is that a farmer of A ortb Carolina is, in respect to every ma terial interest, precisely in the con dition of a farmer of Vermont; and if tbe Unix is bad for the farmer of North Carolina it is bad for the far mer of Vermont Coming to the question of recip rocity, Mr. Edmunds recalled the history and practical operation (in jurious to the United States) of tbe tonadian Reciprocity Treaty of 1854. Washington Post: Wiilie-Auut Jenny says she has a crick in her back. Susie Uracious! It beats all how some people do perspire, doesn't it? Texas Sittings: She-What a wonderful thing is nature! Uow grand! Uow comprehensive! He Yeas; even the smallest plant or the smallest insect has got a Latin name. No Outlet. 2Chki Tribuaa. "Have you boarded Ion at this bouse? ' inquired the new boarder of the sour, dejected man sitting next to him. "About ten years." 'I don't see how yon can stand It Why haven't yon left long ago?" "No other place tj to." Mid the other dismally, "the landlady's my wue." Reidsville Review: The first soldier has applied fir admiS'ion In the Soldiers' Home-B. F.Taylor, of this county. He belonged to Company G. 14th N. C. Regiment Ue had no home went to Durham, and President Carr provided him witb transportation and tent him to Mr. Slronach, who says that he will be Erovided for. Rockingham, however, as taken no steps to raise an motvl y lor the establishment of this great viteuiuiTiiary uixutuwon. TOBACCO PROSPECTS. . ... Lynchborf AdTnce, ' Mr. C. C. McCarthy, of Asheville, , N. C, is in the city to-day en., route home from an extended trip through; the Western tobacco growing States. He reports the crop ia j Kentucky and Missouri as being in a failing condition, while the market is be low zero. The - North " Carolina crops, be says, is excellent; the .acre age large and the stand good. The prospect of the Virginia crops is at present eood: the. acreage is larger than last year,, and the pros pective yield wiU be mucn greawr. FIRST A UK," TILES A SHE. A Twenty-Two-Year-Old JJiau Becomes a Woman ia Eigh teen Months. ;: , At San Rafael, San '".Francisco, Delbert Reynolds-was born a boy , twentv-two vears aco A short timer ago he married a respectable black smith at Alena, and blossomed forth as Belle Hardman, a loving wife. Her husband is willing to make af fidavit that she is a true woman, . and the mother. Mrs. Reynolds, is prepared to swear that it was born a , nnv and ram a. nod tm for twentv years, doing boy's and man's t work and association witn mates as aroie. Tha transformation covered a period of eighteen months, -and a San Francisco doctor, while amazed, vouches for the marvellous change of sex as anabsolute fact. , . t.c . ; The only solution of the problem will be for he, she or it to become a mother. Tn the meantime-the doc tors, the neighbors and all thecoun- l , t uixrL.i. ; :." ry round are asaing, - ua ia . ELECTION ECHOES. The election in Vermont -last Wednesday resulted in a decided de crease in the Republican majority -and a Democratic gain of several Representatives in the Legislature. Evidently the Force . hill, extrava gant appropriations 'and increased taxes do not appeal very, eloquently to the Green Mountain voters. ' ' Brooklyn Standard-Union: i The election in Arkansas is an object lesson that should not be lost It shows the methods by 1 which the South is consolidated for the bene fit of the Democratic party.. Two years ago there was a farmers' move- . ment that troubled the Bourbon Democrats ot Georgia a good deal. but that does not seem to stand the test of time. ' The Arkansas far mers have had some trouble in find- . ing out just what they would like to do. ' '-7i".',,; New York Tribune, Rep. . An election in Vermont is invariably a question of a larger or smaller Re publican majority. The , canvass .. there has not been vigorously, con ducted this year, and Wednesday's vote, when the returns are complet ed, will be found to be unusually light In Arkansas, where fraud has been barefaced and mob out rage the order of the day,' the Dam- . ocracy is figuring every hour upon a larger majority. In an election in that State the chances of Mr. Beck inridge's party are as safe as those of a poker player who has f ouraces in his coat-sleeve and a pair of iix shooters in hie belt. . 1 , . Great Democratic Gains la Vermont, ' " " Rctlixd, Vl., Sept 3. The elec tion passed oS quietly and spiootkly, except for the town representatives, for whom the ballot ia now. pro-. Dressing. P. W. Clement, presi entof the Rutland railroad, tho Republican candidate, being the leader of the high license movement in Vermont, is bitterly opposed by a small majority of the - Republicans who are strong Prohibitionists and determined to elect tha Democratic candidate (also high license) ly voting for the third candidate. The county returns are very meagre, but probably one Demo cratic senator is elected, and them are very significant gains by tha Democrats of representatives m tho Legislature. j The general returns of tho State show large Democratic gains in the House, owing to the opposition of prohibition, and many high-lice rua Republicans are elected. t In White River Jonctien towns the Republican vote has fall off, 0, 81)6: the Democrats have gained 4 (I, white the Prohibition vole has fallen off but little, if the vote on' the remaining towns are relatively the same as those that are heard from, the Republican majority will b only about 15,000 in j the whole State. There were. only, eight-cn DemocraU in the assembly m lyj'i. Thirty-seven hare been elected in 135 towns already heard from, and two farmer'! league cand (date. Aa unexpectedly large. number of high license Republicans have , beca elected. ... " . In a collision on the Denver and Rio Grande railroad Saturday a num- I ber of mea were killed and from S3 a . I : V I