.J"
. - - " .
CHARACTER IS AS IMPORTANT TO STATES AS IT IS TO INDIVIDUALS; AND THE GLORY OF THE STATE IS THE COMMON PROPERTY OF ITS CITIZENS.'
HOLMES & BAYNE, Editors and Proprietors.
FAYETTEVILLE, SATURDAY, APRIL 10, 1841.
Volume 3T. Number III.'
TERMS
OF
THE NORTH CAROLINIAN.
Per annum, if paid in advance, $2 5u
Do if paid at the end of 6 months, 3 00
Do if paid at the end of the year, 3 50
Rates of Advertising :
Sixty cents per square, for the firet, and thiry cents
a iiC 8bsequent insertion.
A libera! deduction will be made to advertisers by
the year. V
Court advertisements and Sheriff's sales, will be
. charged 25 per cent, higher than the usual rates.
au advertisements sent for publication should have
inenumber of insertions intended, marked upon
them, otherwise they will be inserted until forbid,
and charged accordingly.
Papef continued until arrearages are paid,
except at the option. of th Editor.
.iu"ubscriptlon "reived for less than twelve
months.
ICLetters on business connected with this estab
va -ment mu8t be addressed Holmes &Batne,
Editors of the NorthCarolinian, and in all cases
post-paid.
, SCJ Subscribers wishing to make remittances
3 man, will remember lhat they can do so free of
yuBLage, as Jf oatmasters are authorized by law to
t. 'xl,VTa ""Closing remittances, it wntten
themselves, or the contents known to them.
by
Prices of Job Work i
HAND BILLS, printed on a medium, royal,
or super royal sheet, for 30 copies, 92
r or su copies,
And for every additional 100 copies,
tlORSE BILLS, on a sheet from 12 to 18
inches square, 3' copies,
Over 18 inches, and not exceeding 30,
CARDS, large si-e, single pack,
And for every additional park,
Smaller sizes in proportion.
BLA-NKS, when printed to order, for 1 quire,
And for every additional quire, under 5,
iAuceumg o quires,
O C! Miff 11 A rrTT rri iii-
lii y ti.i i iiye. i , ant.
all kinds of BOOK & JOB PRINTING, executed
cheap for CASH.
THE FOLLOWING
BLANKS!
Kept constantlyon hand
AND FOR SALE AT THE
CAROUHrZAZO-
3
1
3
5
3
1
2
1
I
smess
ENTERTAINMENT.
lArvb this method
friends and the public for former success in bu-
f Say' niy house a stiU open for the re
l of Travellers, and is the Stae Office, where
and accommodations read for
ception
seats are secured
r ..i . .
JTdSiBUiiirers, Wltn Continued iiirtmni to onv snMc-
faction. E. SMITH.
Fayelteville, March 13, 1841. 108tf.
My House is on the corner of Gillispie and Mum
ford Streets, convenient to the Market, and near the
State Bank. e. S.
PRESIDENT HOTEL,
litlttO
50
00
00
00
00
00
25
00
00
75
FIT
No. 142 Broadway, New York.
npiilS Splendid Establishment is now open
and. ready to receive those who may be pleas
ed to favor it with their patronage. The House is
in excellent order, the furniture new and elegant.
The ladies' parlours are furnished in a style no? sur
passed by any in the Union. The ceila.-s are well
stocked with the best of wines and liquors. The
larder wiil be constantly supplied with every deli
cacy the markets can afford.
One of the proprietors, has been lor", r-llt ne
trusts, tavoiably known, as a Hotel Keeper - the
other; as a Captain of Steam Boats, to Charleston,
New Orleans, Galv&et'Vn, -c,
T. B. REDMOND,
JAMES PENNOYER.
ProDnetom.
New York, February n, 1841. 103-3mo
I
Raisins
the growth
lljllFTY Boxfs Malaga Figs. Bunch
-U. in Boxes, halves and quarter, all
1840.
Also, 1 OO TIERCES TIIOM A S TON
LIME, for sale to-day bv
WILLIAM
Fob. 13, 1841.
McINTYRE.
103-tf
ISlank Warrants,
State and Civil, with and without judgments, just
printed and for sale at the Carolinian Office, where
all kinds of Blanks arc kept for sale. Will our
friends give us a c ill ?
Cape
orncD :
CHECKS, on Bank of the State, and
Fear Bank.
PROSECUTION BONDS, Supr. Ct.
MARRIAGE LICENSES
VENDI EXPO., constables levy
COMMISSIONS to take depositions in cqui
ty, and Supr. court
APPEARANCE BONDS
WRIT8, Superior and Co. Ct.
CA. SA. Supr. Ct.
INDICTMENTS for Affray, end Assault
anu rwiery, Co. and Sup. Ct.
CERTIFICATES, Clk. Co. Ct.
JURY TICKETS
ORDERS to overseers of Roads
BASTARDY BONDS
TAX RECEIPTS
WITNESS TICKETS
KJECTMHNTS
PATROL NOTICES
LETTERS of ADMINISTRATION Bonds
Deeds, common,
Sheriff's Deeds,
Constables Ca. Sa. Bonds,
Do Delivery do
Appeal Bonds,
Equity Subpoenas,
Superior Court Fi.
County Court Sci.
vive judgment.
County Court Subpoenas,
Superior Court Warrants,
Bonds for Col'rd. Apprentices.
J. & J. KYLE
HAVE just received by the last
arrivals from the North, a large and
splendid assortment ot
STAPLE & FAXCY GOODS.
.lmong which are
Cloths, Cassimeres, Sattinets, Kentucky Janes,
Flannels, Blankets, French and English Mennos'
vJialleys, and Mouuns d'Lains, (some of whnh
are very fine) Irish Linens, Lawns, and Diapers,
Calicoes, Swiss and oth-r Muslins, Silks and Sat
ins. Black and Blue Black Bombazines, Anker
Bolt inr Cloths, &., &c, with many other articl
All of which being bought at the lowest package
price is offered at REDUCED PRICES, by whole
sale or retail. 104-tf
Loco Foco
FRICTION MATCHES.
(illUSS, HULilYiKa- improved ric-
just
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.
By His Excellency, John JSI. JKlorehead,
Governor, Captain General and Commander-in-Chief,
in and over the State afore
said. WHEREAS, I have been duly informed
by the Proclamation of His ' Excellency,
William Henry Harrison, President of the
United Stales, that the last Monday of May
next, (being the 31st day thereof,) has been
fixed upon by him for the meeting of the first
Sessiou of the twenty-seventh Congress of
the United States: an event which renders it
expedient and necessary that the Elections
for the Representatives from this State in the
next Congress should be held at an earlier
day than the usual time of holding said Elec
tions: Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority
in me vested, by an Act of the General As
sembly of this State entitled " An Act Con
cerning the mode of choosing Senators and
Representatives in the CoVigress of the Unit
ed States," Revised Statutes of JV. C.
Chapter 7'2a,) and to the end, that the Free
wt'a of this State may be duly reptesented in
j the next Congress, at its first session com
mencing as aforesaid, I do issue this my
Proclamation, hereby commanding and re
quiring all Sheriffs and other Returning offi
cers of the several Counties composing each
Congressional District, to cause Polls to be
opened and kept, and Elections to be held,
for Representatives to the next Congress of
the United States, on Ihursday, the thirteemh
day of May next, at the place established by
law in their respective Counties, for holding
said Eleciions. And I do further command
and require said Sheriffs, and other Return
ing Officers, to meet for the purpose of com
paring the Polls, at the times and places pre
scribed by law for that purpose. And I do,
by this, my Proclamation, further " require
the Freemen of this State, to meet in their
respective Counties, at the time " aforesaid,
and ' 4 at the places established by law, then
and there to give their votes for Representa
tives," in the next Congress.
In testimony whereof I have caused the
Great Seal of the State to be hereunto affixed,
and signed the same with my hand.
and, as the confederation was dissolved in that
very act, a readjustment was necessarily made
of their relative rights and interests, equally
in the lands as in every thing else. For these
reasons it was that Congress, by an express
grant in the constitution, was authorized to
" dispose of the public lands," a graDt
amounting, in itself, to a cession anew to a
constitutional cession of whatever right or
reversion, title, or trust, in the lands, the
states might have held prior to, or during the
confederation. And, sir, this new cession,
if not old, is, upou the face of it, incontesta
bly absolute. For, if not so if, as i3 pre
tended, upon the contingency of having dis
charged the public debt, the remaining lands,
vr. U.V..1 p.viccus. were to oe uivenea to a
particular object, (as to distribution among
the States,) and tjiat object, too, not other
wise within the power of Congress, why was
not such object declared? Why was the
grant of power not made commensurate with
it: W hy were the lands the whole of the
lands confounded with all other public pro
perty, and made subject expressly to the same
power, as they certainly are by these words of
the Constitution : " The Congress shall
have power to dispose of, and make all need
ful rules and regulations respecting the terri
tory, or other property, belonging to the
United Estates." This is the single ciause by
which Congress has power over the lands and
equally applicable is it to all public property.
Yet, sir, such has been the purpose, the
single purpose, of all the reasoning of the
Senator from Massachusetts. He claims for
Congress the power to distribute the fund de
rived from the lands, for the sole reason that
it is so derived : thus making the power of
appropriation depend not upon the object for
which revenue may be raised, but upon the
source whence it come. Well, sir, if this
principle be sound if the source of revenue
be not limited by the objects of appropriation
if, on the contrary, the number of those ob-
I jects depends upon that source if the power
to appropriate does not limit, but rests upon,
the power to tax then are both unbounded,
the constitution impotent, and the iiovern-
ment absolute.
But why distribute the five millions yearly
drawn from the lands ? Is it thought to be a
from Massachusetts) is bound to uphold the
credit of the States." And how ? By the
payment or the assumption of their debts.
There is no other way, but even this is in
sufficient. For the Government, "to uphold
their credit, must guaranty, likewise, all debts
the btates may in future contract, or assume
the power to restrain them from contracting
any more. If it can do the latter, then are
the States made powerless, and brought in
subjection to its will. If it cannot restrain
them, and yet is bound to uphold their credit,
then must it tax the people as much as the
States desire to spend ; whilst thus they are
induced to spend as much as they can. For
if this Government be bound to pay their
present debts, so is it their future ; if one
class of debts, then equally all ; if bound to
pay those incurred for internal improvements
or for banking capital, (as were most of these
pel the payment, by myself taxing you for
mat purpose. J. ne people rejoin. 07 sayiug.
to Congress, You came here at first offering,
us money as a favor, in the name of distribu
tion, to pay our debt ; you have ended with
an impeachment of our integrity ; with an.
attempt to usurp the power of State taxation ;
with an. impertinent interference in our af
fairs; therefore, depart.
. Thus are the forms of indirect taxation ana
the name of the public domain sought to be.
the means through which this Government
may assume absolute power over the states
and the peopie-r-over the wnoie property ana
labor of the country.
And who are to receive the fund distribut
ed ? Not the people, who. in the first place,;
paid it ; but the States the Legislatures of
the States. In what would this result ? Ex
travagance and waste. Not, indeed, because
now contracted,) it is bound also, and for the legislative bodies are (for they are not) likely
- n .u u r I . . v . ' - .t'
to . be composed ot men less viquous man
others, but because no body of men, however
same reason, to defray an tne cnarges oi
State administration. And where is Con
gress to find means to satisiy a uemaua so honorable individually, ever could, or ever
insatiate? In unbounded, interminable tax- caUf with safety, be charged with the conduct
anon. of nnhlir nftairs. in the absence of all resoon-
In this manner it is proposed to uphold sibilitv. ft was for this reason, drawn from
...a m . s- ..II J . .
fctate credit : and this is called a favor to tne tue calamitous experience of the world, that
States. As if the State and b ederal Govern- mc serious. the thoughtful, trie cautious neo-
l-l .1 l .! I I . . . f ; - k' . -
ments ciia not uom aenve meir oniy reteuuc pje ot- America imposed upon all the depart-.
irom me same ana omy source mc putivcio ments ot power, as well as upon eacn puDiic
of the same DeoDle. But in what does this
l i
favor result 1 Plainly in this : Congress, not
the State Legislature, is in future to tax the
people of the State for all objects of State ne
cessity ; and may, for a reason equally good,
prescribe, by law, what those objects shall be,
when aud how to be executed. Thus would
the State Governments, having become use
less, be virtually abolished, and the people be
deprived of the very benefits they obtained by
the American revolution local government,
local taxation, imposed by themselves for
local objects. For the Federal Government
is, to the people of a State, in reference to
their local affairs, a foreign power ; and if,
to raise revenue for State expenditure, it as-
functionary, the most, positive restraints and
highest sanctions, by their wanton organic.
laws. The great, the only security the people
of a State now have or. the economy of its
T-etrislatum in the expenditure of the public
money, is the responsibility under which the.
Legislature acts, of haying, itself, hrst to. tax
its own constituency, in order to raise it-.-r-.
But, by the system of distribution, the respon-
sibiiity of collecting revenue is to be pot;a(-
ea irom the, power, to apply li; yqngres i
to tax the people, the Legislature is.,tQ ex$tfjijl
the tax. ... Each member of the latter borJyft"
aware, therefore, as he would be, that, when
the State .Treasury was exhausted, Congress,
not he must. bear the odium ot laying a new
Fa.
Fa,
to re-
WfJJr tion Alatches, lust received, and tor
sale by the Gross or Dozen, a superior article, and
warrantea. ppiy 10 inn..
A constnntsupply of the above kept on hand, and
will be sold low. to sell again.
Fayetteville, September 5, 1840 80-tf
tne twenty-second day ot March, in ivr c r : w i C,... n-Im;i
- ' I 1 ft ta a till III (II 111 . k. )I,iIfllJI UU111 a Ld
eight hundred and forty-one, and
of the Independence of ihe United
States the sixty-fifth.
J. M. MOREHEAD.
By the Governor:
Ja: T. Little joiin, P. Sec'y.
MOUNTAIN BUTTER.
SO Firkins (assorted.) Some
very superior, at prices from
5 to I cents per pound !
for sale by GEO. McNEILL.
Nov. 24, 1840.
Political.
New Tailoring: Establishment,
BD. KEELYN, & Co. respectfully inform the
. citizens of Fayetteville, and the surrounding
country, that they have commenced the Tailoring
Riminess. in the store lately occupied as a Jewelry
cu Kv Mr Reaslv. near Liberty Point, where they
are prepared to execute all work in their line, in the
mnii i:mn ona i mauueri . auu i'pvu
UtBl v "
conab!e term.'.
Feb. 25, 1841- 0o-3 mo
NEW GOODS.
HE Subscriber has received his Fall and Win
ter suddIv of Goods, embracing a eeneral as-
... j -
rtment of
DRY-GOODS,
Shoes and Boots, Hats and Caps, Hardware ami
Cntlerv. Crockerv and Glass Ware, Wines an.
Liouors. Groceries of all kinds. Patent Medicines..
Paints and Dye Stuffs. Hatters materials, &.c. &c.
The Stock is very heavy, Merchants are invited It
call and examine for themselves. South Carolina
tnoneu will be taken at oar if ftaid when thf
Goods are bought.
G. B. ATKINS,
Oct. 26 1839. 35tf. Foot Hay-Mount
Gardner and McKetlian,
CARRIAGE MAKERS.
IMPORTED
IF II so, tt tt n & n
Will make the ensuing season in
a- .i iha management of the
r aycuevinw, uuui o
. rm tsicf th as in. to commence
suDicnoer. iww, Tt aii r,..,!..,
-m.t. i a tnth of Ju v 1841. Breeder3
L . .A him two seasons will be allow-
J .ntv Der cent., and of ten per
ntT for ona sea won. A deduction of twey per
cent, will al.o- be made clas ofj x mares
Mafes failing to Flatterer W ihe spring, wi" be per
ied to atfend him in the fall (if desired) grafs
orin the following spring for half price.
PEDIGREE.
FLATTERER. wa got by Mw-. (B,;'en L S"
Leviathan &c.) his dam Clare by Mann-ej-g. d.
Harpalice by Gohanna-g. g. d. AmAZL?
Z. S. g d. Fractious by Meiuy Woodpecker
mare-Everlasting by Eclipse Hycena by Snap
Mi Belea by Regulus-Bartlett's Ch.lders--Honey
wood'. Aabian-Mr Bowe's Byerly Turk
rnare the dam of the two true Blues, &c. &c.
Extended Pedigree and other particulars .n hand-
W Mares from a distance will have good pasturage
gratis and be well fed for thirty cents per day
fiery eare win be taken to avoid, but no liability
will be assumed tor, acc.dents. gLACK.
Fayetteville, Feb'y. 3r t841.
r-Pay the Printer
MAVE now on hand, and for Sale at very Re
duced Prices,
6 Carriages,
7 Barouches,
5 four-wheel Buggies, very light,
3 Buggy Gigs, do.
5 Sulkies,
6 Spring Wagons and
4 Chair Wagons.
a lcn a vprv larsre assortment of
work which we are daily finishing
A 1 art n general assortment of
Coach-Maker's materials kept
constantly on hand and for sale.
Persons wishing to buy, would do well to call
and examine their work, as they feel confident they
can make their work as well, and sell it a. low as
it can be had from any tegular Northern Establish-
m AH work made and sold by them is warranted 12
months, and will be repaired without charge, if
they fail by bad workmanship or materials.
Repairing neatly executed at short notice, and on
reasonable terms.
OrderB thankfully received, and promptly attend-
Fayetteville, March? 12, 184t, 56-tf.
Done at the City orRalejgh. this surplus beyond the wants of Government ?
; twenty-second day of March, in ivr c r., r., u tu .v, oov ortmUe
. I r -- - . I XT k7U ItU . I KJYIX Al. L11UI HIV a-r V W w. . V a uuiuttw
u e year oi our j.ora one mousana . -tU,xval rrntn lhf, rManrv w;ii rnuire
the imposition pf a new tax upon the people;
and actually proposes the levy of the tax, to
an equal amount, as tne nrst step in ine dis
tribution. Why, then, this circuitous legisla
tion ? Why not advance directly to the end
in view ? Why not distribute the tax to be
raised, and retain the money derived from the
lands ? The reason is manifest : the one
process may conceal, the other would expose,
the real object to the people taxation tor dis
tribution. For in what, at last, does this pro
cess end, if not in a distribution of revenue
generally in the levying of taxes upon the
people lor that purpose ; and, in releience to
the annual income from the lands, only as
fixing, for the present, the sum to be imposed
for distribution ?
In the spectacle of starving millions, En
gland that England so often commended to
our imitation here affords an example of this
unbounded power of taxation. Never, in any
Dart of the globe, have an equal number of
human beings produced, by -their toil, in a
single year, an amount so great ot the ueceS'
saries and comforts of life, as are annually
wrought by the laboring English. Upon
every principle of justice, then, their own
mi m r
comforts should be proportionably great
their social condition happy. Yet, is this the
fact ? Are they who toil so incessantly-
whose labor produces so much are they
even fed, clothed, sheltered from the storm,
themselves, or families ? Have they hope,
for the future, of relief this side the grave ?
No ! One-half of the entire nation 1 speak
it not from rumor, but upon the authority of
British statistics one-half of the entire nation
are reduced to absolute pauperism. One-
fourth dependent, through the year, on the pau
per fund alone for support ; another, tea oc
casionally from it, whenever they are brought,
a3 often they are, to the alternative of charity
or death. And why this misery, mis aegraaa
tion. of the most laborious people ever known?
.- .i - rr c .1 I. Tl . U
hy tnis sunering oi uie muss, wuiiai uie
Government and the ruling orders are noto
riously the richest in the world ? But is the
evil temporary ? will it soon pass away did
it arise from natural or trom fortuitous causes
from a dearth the failure of a crop, or the
ravages of a pestilence ? IS ever ! the cause
and the misery are alike human and perma
nent.
No wonder that such a government the
sumes the right to tax them, they are taxed, to replenisrY it, would very naturally seek
without their consent a condition which no obtain for all objects i'u his particular, dis-
other word than tyranny can describe. Jut trict or country ,he largest appropriations pos-
for illustration, I put the case. I he people sible coft3jdering, as he would, every.. dollar
ot Ohio, acting through tneir local legisia- thus Stained a clear gain, to that extent, out
ture, now judge of their own wants as a tstatg, f tbe common SDOii . f this manner: tho
and tax themselves to meet those wants. It - Jes:re no.v a atronr with the renresen-
a canal is desired, they determine when, t-t:vp. .,n(i i,.,.!,, nn (n nip..A hi iWiniediate
where, how, and by what agents, u shall be conrtituen'ts y his .economy of the ptiblic
executed. If a tax be necessary, they decide mnnAV Wrt'iJi iKrn i,r,m rnnn niiWllv
i - i . i -j . r i j
in wnax manner, wnen, ana 10 wuai aniuuui, stron for its Droflieate waste Where; in
it shall be; levied, 'lhese questions, so such a case, would be the limit to expendi-
portant, are settled by a majority oi mat peo- tnr ? ,uPO tn iavatnn Me.MMrv iAt ??
EXTRACTS
FROM THE SPEECH OF
MR ALLEN OF OHIO,
On the proposition of JVfr Crittenden to dis
tribute the proceeds of the Public Lands to
the States, submitted as an amendment, to the
pre-emption bill, then under consideration.
In Senate, January 25, 1S41.
If, Mr President, a British miuister were,
upon this floor to propose measures for our
adoption measures most beneficial to his
own country and ruinous to ours he would,
I presume, in the hist place, advise this Gov
ernment to mortgage its whole domain to the
bankers of England, in security for the debts
of the States. Next, he would insist that the
five millions of dollars, now annually brought
to the Treasury from the sale of this domain,
should be paid to those bankers through the
agency of the States :they being constituted
thus British factors to receive and to remit
the amount. To supply the consequent de
ficiency in the national income, he would
further recommend the imposition of a new
tax, equivalent to that sum, upon the Ameri
can people, and particularly upon those of the
south and West. Then, would he advise
that this additional burden should be levied as
as a duty upon the silks and wines received
by us from 1 ranee, in exchange tor our cot
ton; and upon this latter would he more es
pecially insist, because the imposition of such
a duty would inevitably divert our whole trade
in cotton from that country to England ; and
by giving a monopoly to her of this great
product of our soil, comprehending, as it does,
one-half of our entire exports, enable the En
glish purchaser to fix his own prices upon
it.
Such would be the counsels of a British
minister: but, sir, there is no British minister
on this floor. And yet we have heard these
very measures, one and all, urged upon us
urged with zeal and with passion and that,
too, by the Senator from Massachusetts, (Mr
Webster,) the very man who is soon to be
come the organ of intercourse between his
own and the British Government.
Ihe Constitution was not, as many sup
pose, the recogoization of a previously exist
ing system but an original a first govern
ment within itself; the old confederation hav
possessed not one not even thejfirst facul
ty of a government: acting as it did, never
on men, but States; and dependent, as it
was, on volition solely for obedience. The
ceding States the States to which the ces
sions were made all the parties to the ces
sions, were alike parties to the constitution
Their objects, in its adoption, were the same;
natural enemy of ours yes, sir, I say the
natural enemy, regardless of the federal cant
so often heard about " our affinity of interests
with the mother country regardless of the
studied efforts daily made to justify here every
abuse, usurpation, corruption, and fraud upou
the authority of British example ; no wonder
that such a government, with a view to its
great object of our humiliation and ruin,
should have violated our territory, fired our
vessels, murdered our citizens ; and, by its
stocks, its corporations, its capital, and its
mercenaries among us, should have deranged
our affairs, reduced our prices, distressed our
people, forced thousands to cry out for relief,
and seek it in the expulsion from our coun
cils of those who dared to resist British domi
nation. No, sir nor is it wonderful that
now, when these things are done, Englaud's
bankers should demand a mortgage on Ame
rican soil, or that men should be found here
ready to give it. Yes, to give it ; because
" the Federal Government (says the Senator
pie, none others interposing ; and in this fact
they find the benefits . of the State .Govern
ment. But, if, instead of this,' Congress, in
whqse power the people of Ohio have but a
limited narticiuation-r -if Congress, whose
action they cannot, therefore,' control should
assume to j udge for them of their local wanfs
to tax them for distribution to meet those
wants that is to say, decide for them when
and in what part of the State a canal shall be
cut, and tax them to defray the charges of the
work ; if Congress should act thus,, would
not that people receive their local laws, and
pay local taxes imposed against their consent,
by the will of others as much so as did our
fathers of the colonies before the revolution ?
For is it not evident that a people are " taxed
without their consent, when as in this case,
the disapprobation of a majority cannot pre
vent it ? Nor does the fact that the State is
represented in Congress affect the principle,
so long as the tax and objects are local.
This illustration would seem sufficient ;
yet I will push it still farther. The people of
Ohio owe a debt ; and, to pay it, propose to
tax themselves, at their own time, in their
own way, to the amount of a million, through
their own legislature. Congress comes
forth, and says to them, Keep your money ;
I will give you enough to discharge your ob
ligation. The people reply by asking, Where
will 3'ou get it ? Congress answers, I will
give you the million I have just received from j
the sale of my lands. The people then ask,
If you give us that million, will you not your
self want another, to discharge your own obli
gations ; and, if so, where will you get that
other? Congress replies, Yes, that is true;
and I shall indeed be compelled to tax you for
this last million, before I can agree to give
you the first. The people answer, If that be
the case, what make we by it ? You give us
one million, wc give you another ; and we,
moreover, have to pay you the cost of collec
tion. Better, then, that we should keep our
own million and pay our own debt ; for viat
you propose is nothing more than to tx us a
million to pay it, if, in addition to .Vis, we will
revard your trouble. Congress replies, That
is even so ; I am aware I must first take tho
million from you, by taxation, before I can re
turn it in the Way of distribution ; but still,
you had better submit to this, than to tax
yourselves for the payment of the debt ; be
cause, when taxed by yourselves, yon know
it ; the tax is paid directly, and eacn man
sees what he pays ; but when I tax ydti, though
you pay even more, you do not exactly see
the process : as you pay to me, not through
the collector, but the merchant, in the in
creased price of every thing you buy; and
this I call my indirect tax or tariff duty, which
the merchant had, in the first place, to pay,
when he purchased the goods at New York.
To this the people answer, It is not the man
ner of paying, but the payment itself, which
takes money from our pocket; and your
reasons are, therefore, insufficient. Congress
again replies, That, likewise, is true ; but
the fact is, you, the people of Ohio, owe the
British bankers a debt, and will not, I fear,
tax yourselves to pay it ; and I wish to com"
taxation necessary
Nowhere,' until Government had consumed
the whqfe Substance of the toiling multitude,
and left them, here, as in England, clad in the
ragged livery of pauperism breadless ttfld
hopeless. .. ,
,. What with us has been the fact, and what
its results, in the very first instance of dis
tribution? To all it is known that 23,101,
645 dollars, then called its surplus revenue,
were, in the year ,-. 1837," distributed by this
Government, in tfje name of it dfcpofiik with
the States. , Where, .jyenj that mony? To
the people? to the men by whom it had been
edvanced? No; not the fifth dollar of it;
but to the Legislature first ; and then? chiefly,
to banking or to other corporate companies,
and to the rich, for trie very reasotf mat they
were so.
And now, that I may the more clearly ex
pose this the flagrant injustice inflicted by
the practical operation of the distribution
principle upon the tax-paying mass of the
people I shall trace briefly, yet with all the
accuracy of which a matter .so confused and
complicated admits, tho progress of this sur
plus fund, from the Nationa! Treasury to it
last known destination. Bui here, before
proceeding further, it is important to remark,
that I speak in reference only to the $25.
234,131 received by the : twenty out of the
twenty-six tates, by which alone reports,
have been made to this Government: th ck-
er six, to whom $2,867,512 were distributed,
having made no returns. So is it likewise
material to observe, that fractions axe,, in all
instances discarded; because, anxio lo
present merely the geneiai truth, I desire not
to obscure it by immii particulars.
In the first pla.e then, out of the last in
stalment, paii as h was in trie notes of sus
pended ba.nks, (worth on an average, at ihe
time, bVc about ninety cents .id the dollar,)
those, institutions thus manifestly gained
VUhout an equivalent, near one million of
dollars. To this, and next id order, are to
be added $S,554,000, which inured to the
benefit of the banks, in the form of loans
made to stock invested, a,nd deposrtes mode,
in them. Then, as recipients of this fund1,
come the . private companies, incorporated
mainly with a view to infernal improvements,
and to whom $969,000 went as stock and
loans. And finally, of the total sum, $10,
033,000 were distributed to the towns and
counties of the States, to be loaned by thorrr
(as was generally the fact) to banks, to other
corporations, and to the wealthy few among
the citizens who were able to pledge property'
for its payment.
Thus, from an analysis of the reports made
by twenty of the States, does it incontestably
appear, that, of the twenty-five million two'
hundred and thirty-four thousand dollars',
drawn first by the taxing power of this Gov v
eminent from the whole body of the pecle
twentymillionjive hundred and fifty-si thou
sand inured, in its distribution, to tKe benefit
pf the bankiiig and other chartered ssocia
tions, and to the favored few not the, jpeedy; .
but the rich in the towns and counties ,'
"whilst, on the other hand, but about Jive init
Uons (one-fifth of the great aggregate) wa
" 1