TERMS OP THE NORTH CAROLINIAN :
Per annum, if paid in advance, 2 50
- if paid at the end of six months. 3 00
at the end of the year ... 3 50
Rates of Advertising :
Sixty cents per quare for 'he first, and thirty cents
for each subsequent insertion. - ' ,
Advertising by the year will be charged according
to thi quantity of matter inserted.
Court advertisements, &c, 25 percent higher..
TO THE PUBLIC.
I HAVE now in Store my stock of
GOO DS
Tor the spring and summer trade, embracing nearly
very article kept in a Dry Good and Grocery
Store. Tliosa in want of goods will please call and
examincMhe stock.
-'TWIHUj'lo!, - 2U-4III.
Obaerver copy 3 months.
JONES & JDUNW
T
IAKK this method t inform
thir friends
and eountrv.
i" rid customers both in town
"rtvu j'li recBiveu uieir siock ir me
Spring am) Summer trade. As we have selected
our goods from tlic be.-t and cheapest assortments
in the imrket, we feel confident we are enabled to
give entire satisfaction to I hope who will favor us
-.I.... U n 1. . . A - I . t . t i . t
with their custom, both in the price and quality of
our goods. Uur stock consists in part ot
Kio & Cuba Coffee, Poito Rico, N. Orleans
and Loaf Sujir, Liverpool sack. Alum, Blown
and Siilin i Salt (in bids.) Orleiins ami Vest
India Molasses, Swede, English and Mountain
Iron, English and American Blister Sted, Nails,
tueih'-r with a general assortment of table
and pocket Cutlerv, &c. &c.
ALSO,
Dlcached and unbleached Domestics ; B:d Tick
ing; Muslin; Aluslin do Lams; Irish Linen; Al
pieca; Calicoes; Kentucky Jeans; Cotton and Silk
Shawls and Hankerchiefs; Ribbons; Hats; Shoes;
Bonnets, &.c. &.c.
NOW IN STOKE & FOR SALE
10 bbls. prime Mullets,
3000 lbs. Western Bacon,
500 lbs. prime Lard, (in small
Firkins,)
800 bushels clean Corn.
300 do. Oats,
100 . do. Peas,
ALL of whi.h will be sold at tho lowest mar
ket juices tor CASH, by
JOXES & DUNN.
May 13, lSlt. 273-tf. Foot of Ilaymount.
t7"E have just received from New York
and Phdadelphia. our stock of SPRING
AND SU VIAIER GOODS, consisting of a general
assortment of
DRY GOODS,
HATS, SHOES, AND GH0CIJR1ES,
Which we will sell at the lowest market price.
PETER P. JOHNSON & CO.
ApriI6, 184 t. 2G7-tf.
Goods At Cost.
JAMES UODD will sell tho stock of Goods
now on Hand at cost prices, until all are disposed of.
April I?, 1311. 2G3-tf.
a. j. McMillan,
ELIZABETHTOWN.C.
ESPECTFULLY informs the public that he
has taken the House recently occupied by
David Lewis, Esq., and intends keeping a House
wf I U 1,1 C
ENTERTAINMENT.
His roo us ar comfortably furnished, and on his ta
ble will always bef.oind the bcstlbe mark- t affjrcls.
For the comfort and accommodation of those who
may favor him with their patronage he will use every
exertion, and spare no tains.
r Prions will b j moi'-rate in accordance vith
the times. Travellers and transient visiters will re
ceive every attention necessary for their comfort.
AuijUJt 5, lSt t. 232-tf.
Harness Making.
The subscriber has on hand and for sale, at re-
iturpd orices 35 sets of harness, assorted, and a tew
c trria" trimmings, &.C., low for cash, or on .short
rrrtdi: to ounctual customers.
Gi" and barouche tops, and harness otall kinds
repaired, and carriages re-trimmed in best style,
at short notice, and at low prices.
:rjA II orders will be promptly attended to., and
he' work done iu the most tasteful and satisfactory
ininner.or no charge made.
Dec. U.'-.-tf JjVMESJSUNJDY
NEW
"porwardiiisr and Commission
H...0 USE.
WOULU inlorm ine mcrcnaiitn oi me interior
lhat ihey have in connection with the gen
eral "roeery btiMiicss, added that of the Furward-
ff.Bauj having large and commodious Ware
houses on the bank of the River, are prepared to
receive and forward.Goods upon such terms as will
i.r., !! mDPtition, our charges and expenses be-
in'.' one-third lesson the freight b:!: than any other
hou-einthep.ee.
ton, for the interior and not otherwise directed, will L
All Goods ehippo ro . livi3 oi t inning1
be found in our possession
May 24, 1344
274-tf.
NOW OPENING:
Worted and Cotton Balzorincs ; printed Muslins
n, Lawns: Scotch Ginghams; fashionable Prints;
Siiks and Alpacas ; Gimps and Fringes ; Elastic
Miifs and Kid Gloves; Hosiery; wrought and
dimity Collars; fancy Handkerchief and Cravats;
Jaconets, plaid and striped Muslins; Swiss and
Book do.; Cambrics ; Veils ; Laces and Edgings ;
Bonnets and Ribbons m great variety; Drap de te;
summer Cloihs; Brown Linensand driliinss; fancy
Cotton do.-, Nankeens ; brown and b eached SLirt.
incs; Checks; fine Cloths and Cassimeres ; Irish
Linens and Lawns, &c. &e. A large aseortmcnt
of Hats, Shoes, and Umbrellas, together w ith a
good variety of other Good3 suitable for the whole--nrl
retail trade.
As the above goods were bought at ihe lowest
ffC J 11 L. .
cash prices, wo can auoru io aeu mem very cheap
for cash, or on the usual t.me g0n JjJ-
June 1, 1844. 275-8t.
i'dT' Observer copy S wecki.
The Inclined Water Wheel..
l
IJltJIS valuable improvement In the appiicaUou
. ui nr.ncr iiuwer, is now comrietetl and in suc
cessful operation at the Cool Sorin Mills in thn
Towt.. The invention was designed to save water
in its operation, and thereby remedy the difficulty
now exiat.n on account of Us scarcity. This w heel
will perform the same labor with leea'than half the
water required tt tlrive the tub-wheel, and if ap
pucu i u p en" i j u I ier w nee J the saving must
ne sun -reater. i he number of Mills (now in op
eration by these wheels) that become scarce of wa
ter in the sn miner, is supposed to average 80 or 90
Ppr cent. If these Mills can be succcedfull y operal
ed with even half the water now required, it is ob
vious that the supply of water w ill be abundant.
The Inclined Water Wheel in its construction
can be placed at any elevation to suit the condtiion
of the pond, thereby securin a sufficient head above
the wheel, which is important to all mills where
the water is at any fim-j liable to become scarce. In
this particular the Inclined water wheel has a decid
ed advantage above the Overshot, which requires a
sufficient tall and constancy of water, and is also
expensive in its construction ; Whereas, the In
dined Water Wheel can be built at much less ex
pense can be successfully applied to any mill or
machinery that is propelled by water, and will run
well in baek wafer. This Wheel is said to rank in
power with a high hrea.t. wheel, and can be geared
with either cois or bands, but tho latter bein" con
sidered cheaper and more durable, I have adopted
tnem. Having oblaiued a Patent in December last,
I have abstained from giving publicity to the inven
tion, or offering to sell any Rights, until nthor
well as myself, should become satisfied of its advan
taes. I am now ready to dispose of the riht to
.jse .aid invent. on by counties, districts ar,dStates
as also .ornate rights. Millwriohfs. Mill
and the public generally are invited to .:a II .nn,! v'
amine the invention.
The machinery, as represented in the plate
above, can be made more simple, by which one
halfofthe expense of construction Wi'll be di
minished, but the amount of water paved will be
less. I shall have both modes of construction with a
statement of materials for each, printed in hand
bills, which I design for thosn who wish further in
formation on the subj.-ct. JOHN T. GILMORE
Fayolteville.Oct 21. 1643. 243-y.
CASH given for Wool by
ceo. McNeill.
June I, 1844.
Fl! S H
C0NFECT10NARIES.
joj. received oy ne last arrivals ti om JNevv York
arm 1 iiiiaueipnia, viz :
PeppermintCandy, Lemon Candy,
Suar do Cream do
Kirch do Peppermint Barley,
Jloarhound do Lemon Lunn e.
Peppermint Lumps, Cornetis assorted Plums.
ririniniii.. uc.'a !)..... I.-. - . . .
""'"i"" " " uuia, xvissca witn JVI ottos
French J ujube Paste, Cinnamon Comtits,
Sugar Almond, Red Rock Candy,
Burnt do White do
Large Plums, Yellow do
Caraway assorted Plums, West India Preserves,
Cinnamon Bar Candv, Essences, for Cakes,
Scotch Carvay.o, Tamarinds,
Peppermint Drops, Citron,'
Suar Sand, ass'd colors, Cordials, &c.,&c, &c,
ALSO
iwaisms, Currants. English Walnuts. FilLerf
Chettnust. Softuhelf A I
' - ULVV. AVlllOy Jk- til-
on Syrup, Port Wine in bottles, Pepper Sauce, Ca
pers, Olives, Pickles by the gallon or jar, Mustard,
Sweet Oil, Table Salt, soda, butter and suar Bis-
cuus, wieese, iew York dried Beef, ground Cin
namon, spice and vJJoves, Nutmegs and Mace.
An assortment of
Children's Willow Waggons, Cradles, and Chair?,
lo-emcr wun a supply of French Baskets for La
dies.
i iresn supply ol German and French larre Dol
llaWi i ' -i w u -. A 1 i in
..v..... , ouu Lunjmui,, iare ana (null iirass
Cannons, ioy Guns and Swords, Whips, Drums.
i iULta, etc., etc., occ, &:c-
NEW FANCY ARTICLES.
Consisting in part, vi;-: Hair, ftVsh, whisker, nail,
tooin anu snaving lirushes, UuUaloe and Imitation
Hiding, tuck, and side Combs, Silver and German,
pnver i ni. nines and i'encils, with a splendid col
iection of Glass Work and other articles too tedious
to mention.
Military and Navy Shaving Soap, Wash Ball
Soap, Cream, Bell, Rose and other scented Soaps,
Macassor, Antique, and Boar's Oil, Pomatom, flesh
Powder, powder Boxes and Pu(Ts, Otto of Roses,
Preston Salts, assorted, Ladies' Fancy Smelling
Bottles, Lip Salve, Court Plas'er, assorted colors,
Cold Cream, Macassor Cream. Bear Grease, witha
general assortment ot H.x tracts r.r Ppr iimprv tnr i
i . . . - i
Hankerchiefs Orange Water, and Ser.uinc French
and German Cologne Water.
pfcW JJr.nJ,, r"-, anf!
idoics -oesars; iUrs Miller's Scotch and Macco
boy Siiuffin bottles and bladder.-, C ut and Smok
ing Tobaeco, and a supply of fine and common
German Pipes.
-MASON'S CHALLENGE BLACKING.
SIX gross of the above article.
Luctp, o go., .Mason's tsiaek and Blue Ink. as
..u-. r. i .... .J " '
sorted sizes.
Fresh Oranges.
C. A. BROWXe
rov. 9. 1S43. 24G-v,
R ANA WAY
FROM mcs, sometime in May last, a Mulatto fal
low named Micniah Mitchell. He is ahnilf Fnrtv
years old, 5 feet IU inches high, of a copper color,
a.iu is vrry quicic spoiien. iviitcnelt is a shoemak
er end ditcher. All persons are forwarnod not to
ruploy or harbor him, as the law will be put in
force against any person so offending. Any per
son taking him up and bringing him to ine will be
suitably rewarded. F. MOORE
June 22, 1S44. 278-lf
SPEECH of MR McDUFFIE, or SOUT&
In Senate, May 30 and 31, 1844. 1
conclusion ot the tariff debate the que8"?
. tion pending being on the finance Com
mittee! resolutions proposingto postpone
indefinitely his bill for restoring the tariff
to the standard of the compromise ack
(Concluded.)
This minimum clause assumed that altf
manufacture of cotton, costing less than 25
cents per square yard should he deemed
ha oe ..i J j
Wfl fn a lavtaA nn ft, ..t..n T't.ia.
t .1 . . rm '
was a snecific dutv in rfiscro,: ftf 5 ronfs
jess man 2o cents a square"ynrd. Siuce the
speech of the honorable Senator was deliver
ed, 1 hae looked into the whole debate of
1816, as reported iu ihe National Intelligen
cer. I found there n letter addressed to Mr
Lowndes by a Mr Bns, a manufacturer of
Massachusetts, in which he states that a duty
of 5 cents was wholly inadequate to give the
necessary protection; and he went into a
calculation lo show that a duty of S cents a
square yard would be equal lo an ad valorem
duty of something over 30 per cent. I also
discovered, in ru essay published by that same
gentleman, this fuct, which I regard as very
important : he sluted that General Smilh, of
Maryland, who was at lhat time the represen
tative of the mercantile interest, and who sup
ported the principles of fiee trade during his
whole life, had said in his place lhat the aclual
cos! of the coarse cotton manufactures then
made iu England was about 24 4-5 cents the
square yard. Thus it apnea: s that the as
sumed value of cotton manufacture in the
act of 1816 correspondfd with the actual cost
at that time iu Great Britain.
I am aware there was a coarse and flimsy
fabric then impotted from the East Indies,
called hnm-huni.s, which cost nbioad less than
25 cents a square yard. But I am also aware
that one of the objects of the minimum clause
of Ihe act of 1S16, was to exclude this article;
foi there was then a universal opinion preva
lent among statesmen of all parties', that the
East India trade, which operated as a con
stant drain of our specie, was injurious, and
ought to be discouraged.
JNow, Mr President, what were the princi
ples embodied in the act of 1816? Did it
involve the principles of a permanent and
increasing tariffof protect ion? or a permanent
ana decreasing lariH for revenue? Beyond
ail question, it was of the latter character,' and
yir IttoT- i'
tno act itselt, which provides a temporaiv pio
tection of 25 per cent on cotton and woolleu
manufactures, for thiee years, to be then re
duced to 20 per cent.
The honorable Senator Mr Choate," in
expouuuing ine larin oi l oy, nas iveu us
Ihe commentary without the lest. .Now, sir
I hnye given you tho text of ihe act of 1SI6,
and shall proceed to give the commentary
T 1 -i . ii
iu snow you mat it was regaroeo as a mea
sure of temporary protection, I will quole one
or two sentences from the remarks of ihe most
eminent statesmen who
discussion.
were engaged in its
Mr Webster proposed lhat the duty on col
ton and woollen manufactures should com
mence at 30 per cent and come down to 20
al Ihe expiration of four years, by two succes
sive grudalions. Mr Clay proposed fhat ihe
duty should begin at 30 per cent, and that it
should be leduced to 20 iu six years, by three
gradations. Upon this ihe following conver
sation look place :
Mr Lowndes remarked lhat "he rejoiced
to see gentlemen who had manifested the
strongest friendship for the manufacturing in
terest, the advocates of a proposition which
would in prospect produce a return to correct
principles.'''
What said Mr Calhoun? whom I suppose
the honorable Senator from Massachusetts
means when he says South Carolina is the
author of the protective system. In opposition
to Mr Clay's amendment he said : "He hoped
the amendment would not prevail. He be
lieved the mode proposed by the original mo
tion was correct ; and that the permanent duly
ol 20 per cent was ample protection."
I have now given au exposition of the sys
tem of 1816 that protective system which the
honoiable Senator from Massachusetts has
solemnly declared was fatal to ihe commerce
of the country, and compelled Massachusetts
to abandon navigation and commerce, and
embark against her will in the business of
producing manufactures ! ! If the honorable
Senator considers the act of 1816 as the ori
gin 'of the protective system, will he be kind
.
nonon to llllrortu.-e a rpvpnim
bill providing
duties The
,he same rate of ad valorem
bill I have introduced is founded upon the
basis of lhat act the rate of duties it provides
being, with a few exceptions, pr-eciselv the
same. And what does the other honoiable
Senator from Massachusetts say of this bill
of mine? Why, sir, with the act of 1816 star
ing him in the face, and a proposition of Mr
Madison before him, made in 17S9, to impose
only a duty of 5 per cent on all imports, h--
is pleased to characterize my proposition with
the tone and manner of one who assumes the
right lo assign to every ma u his place, and
give to everything its uame, as a "stupendous
novelty;" a ihing without example in legisla
tion, withdrawing " all protection whatever,"
and consigning the manufacturers to final and
eternal perdition. And yet it gives as much
protection as the act of 1916, which the other
Senator from Massachusetts says destroyed
commerce, and from six to ten limes as much
as the act of 17S9, which the Senator himself
"Mr Choate said was then amply sufficient
la what, then, does this stupendous novelty
v-.jusikl i lot. It SPPins I,, iK A..i...
? but in their uniformity.
ff. A h"zpmal tariff! an absolute water level !
Zac v,0,af,on f we laws of hydrostatics
etodof the protective system ! Such a system,
iu 4ae opiuiou of the honorable Senator, would
instantly cause Ihe water wheel of every fac
tory to stand as tock still as tho current of a
standing pool.
' Such, Mr President, is the profound and
f .,r0Pncai reasoning of the Senators from
lokV . lrom lDe 'ricttl progress of
, t Proiectlve system, nn In thn vor ihoa
' . .- 1'lle tlt!Xt front rs ' i r ,L
- 'Zm, -was, produced by the tariff
Kt. . 1.
Ttx---aiSea Trmn 20 to ajTrper ceut
that oft cotton manufactures from 5 to 71 cents
a square yard, and the duties upon Swedish
iron and Russian hemp in a still greater pro
portion. In the year 1S20, when the increased duties
afteruaids imposed by the act of 1824 were
iq agitation, IIr Websier, at a public meeting
in ihe town of Iostoj, over which Judge
Story presided, declared that the protective
duties ihen iu contemplation Here, in his
opinion, of doubtful constitutionality ; and
that meeting passed a striug of resolutions,
which were lately read at the .instance of the
honorable Seuator f-om Alabama, Mr Bagby
which furnished a clear and conclusive an
swer to every argument now advanced in fa
vor of the protective system. What ihen w ere
the principles of Massachusetts in 1824? She
stood shoulder to shoulder with South Caro
liua in opposition to the tariff of that year;
and it is worlhy of special remark that, with
the exception of lvo oi three votes from west
ern Virginia, there was not a single vote giv
eti in either branch of Congress from any
State south or soulhwest of the Potomac, in
favor of lhat measure. But, in 1825, a great
political alliance took place between ihe East
and West, one of ihe fruits of which was soon
seen in the new attitude, and suddenly assum
ed by Massachusetts in regard to the protec
tive system. Mr Websier, from being the
leading opponent of that systen, all at once
became its prominent supporter. And ihe
reason openly and deliberately given by lhat
distinguished Matesman for sacrificing his
constitutional scruples, his principles of poli
tical economy, of political justice, and of equal
taxation, was lhat it had become the interest
of Massachusetts to support a system which,
(to use his own language in 1S20,) was cal-
!Acu.!aled to "favor great capitalists, ralher than
r. tn fnuLtl H ri f i . i . . .. . . . r . . ,1,.... 1
-idiiuu uioic man lit;
nov does for all he buys, and receive less for
all he sells;" and finally, "to diminish the
industry, impede tho prosper ily, and corrupt
ihe morals of ihe people." Such, sir, were
the conclusive arguments urged in advance
against the tariff of 1824, and such ihe great
principles of justice and equality which
Massachusetts sacrificed at the shrine of her
own pec uniary interest.
Accordingly, Mr Webster voted for the ta
riff of 182S, and has ever siuce been a promi
nent supporter of the interests of large capi
talists," making 'Mhe farmer give more for all
he buys and receive less for all he sells ;" and
at the same time "diminishing ihe industry,
impeding Ihe prosperity, and corrupting the
mra!s of the people."
Hut the honorable Seuator from Massachu
setts Mr Bates has selected certain voles
given by the representatives of the South, in
cluding myself, increasing ihe duties upon cer
lain articles in tho tariff of 1828.
Now, I will inform that Senator lhat those
votes were given lo defeat that bill of abomi
nations," utged upon the country to promote
the special iuterests of Massachusetts." We
saw that this system of protection was about
to assume more gigautic dimensions, and to
devour ihe substance of the country, and we
determined to put such ingredients iu ihe
chalice as would poison the monster, and
commend it to his own lips. This i what is
sometimes called " fighting ihe devil with
fire, a poliey which, though I did not alto
gether approve, I adopted in deference to liie
opinions of those with whom I acted. In
1S32. the public debt having been extin
guished, the tariffof that year was passed, re
taining all the more oppressive features of the
ad oiS2;, nud relieving the manufacturing
States from almost all the burdens of taxation.
The tnr iff was nullified by South Carolina,
and out of this grow the compromise ot" 1833,
which was regarded as a final adjustment of
the question of protection, providing for a
gradual reduction of the dulies till they reach
ed the reveuue poiut of 20 per cent. Bi-t in
1842 the manufacturers aaiu besieged ihe
Capitol; and, in violation of the faith solemn
ly plighted by the act of 1S33. induced Con
gress to pass the present tariff, incomparably
more unjust and oppressive, as I shall hereaf
ter show, ihan Ihe tariff oi lS32.
Having thus closed ihe hitoticu! review of
the protective system, I shall now proceed lo
answer some of the prominent arguments in
favor of the aiifT of 1842.
And I shall first examine an argument of
the Seuator from Maine, which he ventures to
draw from the historical facts I have disclos
ed. He says lhat from 1789 to the present
time, every increase of protective duties has
invariably produced an increase of revenue,
an increase of foreigu commerce, and n dim
inution of the price oi manufactures, foreign
and dorueMic. Now, sir, I am happy to meet
ihe honorable senator upon a proposition of
fact so broad, tangible, and comprehensive.
We have seeu, then, that the temporary dulies
of 1816 were 25 per cent, and that, after eight
years had jdaped, the manufacturers came to
CooSrcS9 'hough these temporary duties had
been prolouged till 1826, and declared lhat so
far from being able to judersell the loreigu
manufacturer with a protection of 25 per
ceui, ihey could not rnaiulaiu ihe competition
uuless the protective duties were raised some
50 per cent higher. This additional protec:
tion was accoidingiy given. Did it produce
that reduction of prices which uW' senator
from Maine has lold us invariably results iiom
increased protective duties? Precisely , the
reverse. a less thati fotmyear, ibe manu
facturers made a still more clamorous appeal
to Congress, declaring lhat ihey would be to
tally ruined, and their capital annihilated, uo
Congress would add 5X peieht more to
protective duties
izieally above 5TT ner cent
" taft mm LBr..
aa VHiorem. fco that v havt ihrt crr.t h;.
- i
- ......
torical fact, that in every stage of iheir pro
gress of manufactuies, fiorn 18l6 to 1828,
there has been an increasing necessity for
protective duties, clearly und conclusively de
monstrating that Ibey were higher in 182S,
as computed with the price of foreign manu
factures, than ihey were iu 18l6. Whatever
reductions, iherefoie, may have taken place
lo the price of domestic manufactures between
1816 and 1828, a still greater reduction took
place in the price of foteign manufactures
duriug the same period. And if, as the manu
facturers declared, double Ihe late of protec
tive duties was required in 1S28 to enable
the domes! ic manufacturers lo meet their for
eigu competitors in our own markets that was
required in 1816, it follows that the full iu
the price of domestic manufactures in the
iutervnl was 25 per cent Jess than it was in
foreign countries. Owing to the reduction
of the citculating medium, the accumulation
of capital, and the great improvements iu ma
chinery, there has been a progressive and un
exampled reduction iu the price of manufac
tures all over the world since 1S16; and al
though Ihe reduction has been less in tho U.
Slates, by 25 per cent, lhau in Great Britain,
it is a prevailing fallacy that the i eduction
here has been produced by high duties on
foreign manufactures. If, aftei twenty-eight
years of protection, our manufacturers cannot
meet their foreign competitors with the pro
tection afforded by a system of revenue duties,
when shall we realize the promised blessing
of obtaining domestic manufactures cheaper
than we can import them fitom abroad? For
twenty-eight years, we have been steadily re
ceding from that millenium instead of advanc
ing to it, a? ine successive ddliionJn our
. . ww... a.if.;nty tuu Historically
prove. So lhat the great historical fact of the
honorable senator from Maine turns out lo lie
something less than no fact at all
1, .
now propose to expose this stereotyped
fallacy that high duties produce low prices
to the test ot a philosophical analysis. The
honorable senator from Maine hai repeatedly
said, in the course of this debate, that the price
oi manuiactuie, as oi everything else, de
.... . . I . . I .1 ri
pcuua upon Nuppiy anu uemauu. i nis is
very true, ns to those temporary fluctuations
in price which result from the accidental in
crease of the supply beyond the demand, or of
thn ritfwnnrwl liovAtir1. ilia Gimntif U .
the oetnand beyonu tho suddIv. But lhat
senator wen Knows thai ihe permanent price
.. . - ... '
ol every commodity depends exclusively upon
the cost of production. No man will continue
to produce n commodity which will uot com-
maud u price thai will iudemuify him for the
expenditures incurred in producing it. Now,
theie are three great elements that constitute
the price of every manufacture. These are,
Ihe wages of labor, the profits of capital, and
the cost of Ihe raw material.
Now, I propose
to inquire what is the effect of the protective
system on each of these three elements. And,
first, it i? not the avowed design and obvious
effect of this system to enhance tho wages of home, to apply to the jocky clib of South Car
Ihe labor engaged in producing manufactures? olina for a protective tariff, by which it sIkiII
Ihe great and boasted merit of the system is
it.i tendency to protect labor, by increasing ihe
wages ot me laborer not lor a day or a year,
but permanently. lake away this merit, and
you dissolve the charm by which thy people
have been deluded, eveu iu the manufactur
ing Slates, and the whole fabric will tumble
into nuns. I readily admit, what the manu
faetuters so incessantly proclaim, that the
protective system does permanently increase
the wages of ma tiumcim iug I-br.
Let us now inquire what is the effect of the
protective system upon the profits of the capi-
tal invested in the manufacturing business,
lhat trie design and the erred ol this system
is to enhance the profits of capital, In avowed
by the manufacturers, and is, indeed, a self
evident proposition. They solemnly declare
lo you that they cannot make -my profit at all,
but will be brought lo utter ruin, even if we
should reduce tho dolies to a fair revenue
taudard. And when we look toactual re- successfully wiih his celebrated breed of Con
sults, we find that Ihe protected manufacturers esioga dray hotsew : for ahhrnmh I h.
ate now tealizing euormoos and unexampled
profits. W hat then is the effect of the protec-
tive system on the price of Ihe raw mateiial?
As t. wool, iron, and hemp, they aro all pro-
lected b the highest rate of duties, and the
price is obviously enhauced, as well by these
duties, as by tho increase of the wages of labor,
and the profit.-, of capital engnged in producing
tneni. And. eveu as to raw cotton, the hon-
orable Senator fmi Rhodo Island f Mr Sim
nons-"1 irawe us the c.imfi.iling assurance that
rhe pi ice bad been raised by the tariffof 1S42!!
Now, sir, I have demonstrated, aud the man
ufacturers and t'ieir advocates here affirm,
lhat lb effect aud design of tho protective
system is to inciease the wages f labor, the
prjfits of capital, and the price of the raw ma
terial every one of the elements constituting
the cost of production ; and yet, by some
incomprehensible and supernatural process,
that the some protective pytem actually re-
Volume 6 Numbei'28i
uuces ine price ol manufactures ! I In the au-
nals of humau delusion and superstitiou, I do
not believe there can be fouud a more stupen
dous imposture than that which I have thus ex
posed. . . ... '
Mr Piesident, it was profoundly remarked
by a great mathematician, whose name I have
forgotten, though I ibiuk he lived in the gt
of Archimides, that two and two makaur;
and though this argument has beeu ably con
trovetted by Dean Swift and other writers, f
incline, after reviewing the whole arguments,
lo agree with Shakespeare lhat to prove that
two and iwo make four is a very pretty argu
ment." It was also thaijetnaik of Bauih..v
j . - -
St
I "17. V --"TWtw mo wnoie
The whole ' :
i is rmini in n r r itMi n n r m-e . . .
i " J" HriU hi .OflCA
peiceive tnai inese great phdosooheis knew
no'hing of the profound mysteries of the pro
tective system. For it is an established end
fundamental doctrine, upon which this great
system securely reposes, thai you may double
nil the pans, and yet dimiuish the whole.
What incalculable blessings would the honors
ble Senator over the way confer upon the
starving operative f England, if ihey would
reveal to them this gloat discovery !
But when Senatui are driven from all their
other defences, they contend that this reduc
tion of prices under a system which increases
the cost of production, is produced by the ex
traordinary stimulus given to domestic com
petition, by excluding the foreign competitor,
who can pay a revenue duty at the custom
house, and Ntill undersell the domestic manu
facturer. This is certainly a strange mode
of increasing competition, with a view to re
duce prices. If the object of the competition
were to see who couid sell highest, the mean
would be not badly adapted to the end.
But, Mr President, I am literally worn
down in contending with these intellectual
phantoms by grave argument. They con
stantly elude ihe grasp of reason, and "vanish
into thin air." For the sake, therefore, of
obtaining for ruy.elf, nud affording to the Sen
ate, some relaxation from these abstruse dis
quisitions, I propose to furnish a practical il
lustratiMi of 'his idea of domestic competition
which every body can understand. To pro
ceed, then : 1 have u personal friend, whu
has been engaged in raUing aud training
horses for the turf, for about twenty years
neatly as long ns this system of high protec
tion has been in operation. He iuherited a
very superior stock of native American horses,
aud ha nil his. 'An Lirmrr-iloi-orffcr ih.JJu.?4P
of which neither experience nor adversity
can cure him -that the native stock of
race horses, if properly manased, is suoerior
lo tho best strain of imported horses, it has
i '"ivu iivitco. oas
so happened that iu a racing career of twenty
years, he has never won a single race, even
by accideut. Yet he is as sanguine .is ever.
On one occasion, J met his trainer, who was
a black servant, leaving the race-course with
his horses, all of them having beeu disgrace
fully beaten. I siiid to him, " how does it
happen, Pompey, lhat with such a Miperior
stock of horses you never "win a race T" '-Ah
dat's very true," said the trainer, with
1 1 l l
of tu'uraph, our horses can't run w id deso
an air
ported horses dey call 'Dolphin, 'Rnbian ;
but I tell you what dey can do: dey can beat
one anoder all to pieces. And it would do
your heart good lo see that bay filly, Anti-la-i
iff, beat dat clumsy black horse we call Pro
tection." Now, Mr President, it has occurred lo me
that I can put my unlucky friend upon a plan
by which he will be as successful hreaftpr u.
Ihe has hitherto beeu unforiunnt. I nmnn.a
then, if my honorable friends on ih rih
side of the hoiwe think it a feasible srhm-
to recommend lo mv friend, when I r.ir
be euacted that every horse of foreign MnnA
or iu whose veins foreign blood is the material
of chief value, shall carry 40 uer cent. rnr
weight than his domestic competitors. W'ith
this advantage, mving as it obviously would.
an immense stimulus to domestic competiiioti.
it can scarcely be doubted that tho speed of
my friend's horses would be soon brought ur
to the highest staudard so as to defy foreign
competition. Iut I would apply the protec
tive principle not only to the weiuht of th ri
der, but lo ihe distance to be run. r or 6 V,.
ample, it should be provided in the act fin
strict confor ID it V tit riiir mm imitn -.1 ... .
I f iilKUIIIUll a.iHIIri. 1
that when a native homebred horse shall have
run three mile, he shall be deemed and held
to have run the four, while the foreign com
peiiior hall run the full distance. Undr ihi
high piotectiori I rnioht almost venture to as
sure my friend from Pnnmdunni. TT-
Buchanan, - that he could come norm th t,t,t
been able to find, nfter carefullv rnnclim..
the racing annals of Pennsylvania, a ino
instance on record of one of. this strain "of
race horses making greater snead ihan thr
miles nn hour under the serere-o rr.cr .
if there be any truth in the doefrin f l,;nK
protection and domestic competition, they
would hardly fail in thoshoit peiiod of 5S
vears. to exceed all farei. .:.
mucn as xne iron master of Pennsvlvani nmv
exceed those of England and Wales, particu-
iaiitL.au won, wnicn, it I am correctly
informed, they cannot make at all.
But I proceed to cousider another argument
relative to competition and low prices, ad
vanced by the Senator fr.,rn Massachusetts,
Mr Bates, which U extraordinary if true.
He affirms very confidently that ihe manufac
turers of certain descriptions of cotton good
cau now produce and sell them cheaper than
thry can be sold in Manchester, and yet lhat
r