, 4 v '
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"character is as important to states as it is to individuals; and
THE jGLORY OP THE STATE
IS THE , COMMON-" PROPERTT OF ITS CITIZENS.
jn 15,
BY W3IHBAHE
FAYETTE VILLE, SATURDAY, M A R
IS45.
Vol nine 6-rNumber 3 1 6
4
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'TERMS OP THE NORTH CAROLINIAN :
Per aimu.n, if ail in advance, 82 5q
if paid at the end of six months 3 Oq
atllie end of iheycar 3 5q
Rates of Advertising :
Sixty cents per quari. fr he first, and thirty cents
fircich siiberuMit insertion.
Advii tiiini5 by the yar will be charged according
to th $ quantity of matter inserted.
Uoiirt advertisements, &c, 25 perefnt higher. w.
1 N I) e mITTFT
Against loss or damage by Fire.
TUG WILLLVMUlliTTlRE INSU
TIANCE COMPANY.
CAP IT A L S 1 05,000.
Office in. Grand near First Street, Williams
6 opposite the City of JVeio York.
jigr-nry Office, Wells Building, G2 Wall st.,
JSTew York.
DIRECTORS :
Christ ia'i Zahriliie,
Andrew C. ' B Miediut,
Frederick W Favre,
- Jer MJii ih Jolrnoii,
John SUiilitian,
Si'nl. Will. ts.
Abr'm T. Coskerck,
Wraneis St inl)eil,
Sami H. (Ji;ipp,
Joh.i Lesffctf,
Chus. O. fiandy,
Li'smuel Richards n
Nicholas WvckofT
Levi u l:l r k fi r dson, pf( s't.
Asdrf.w l. IIonGE-s,S c'i v.
W ASUINGr TON POST, Ant, New York.
TFII5 Wil'i imsbnr Fire I-isiiranee Company,
Invini bfti'i im:rpor.ited by an act of I he Legisla
ture of tin: State of New York, for the purposes
of Fir Insurance, the Directors nflt-r to Insure their
f.dlow-ci'izem :hroivi!iont the United St.ites
Against Los? or Damage by Fire,
On li iildioa, Good and Mrrch:mdise, and Per
fo? Property irenerally, assuring ihoni that t!ie
u!rirs of 'the ' Company. 'ail '.e conduct -d with
mif.li fairic."!, candor an.-l liberality as th y trust
wi 1 entitle it to public confidence ana palronagf.
Th Suhm'titttr, Aoeut f.ir the above Com
pinv, will ive any further information that may
ile-ii"C.I liv tbose who wish to I'uro.
.IAMKS MAIITIXE, Aaeni,
Hay S: roet.
Feb. 8, 181.'..
3 1 ! -I f.
State of North Carolina--Robeson county.
Superior Court of Ij'tw Fall Ttrm, 1S14.
Sarah Jane Allen vs. 11 u -h Roy AHen.
Petit io'i for Divorce.
I tbi c.i?e it was nn'Trd fv r Tir- Court Tttar-ptrfr-lte:atiou
he ma do i i the Noth Carolinian for three
months for th defendant to appear at. the next
term of this Coir-t, to be lu-ld at Lu-nberton on
th dtli Monday of March m xt, and plead, or the
pravfr of tli ) iie'itio:t!r will bc heard exparte and
ju lrm,'iit ren ter-d accordinely.
Vit!i , Absalom Davis, Jr , CWk of our said
Court at otlice tbu lirst. Monday after the 4th
Monday in Scp'nn er, A . D , 1844.
ABSALOM DAVIS, Jr., C.J3. C.
F.b.s, isn. an -3m. - v - :T..-;
ORCHARD GRASS.
10 B ishels Orchard Gras Seed, for sale by
GEO. McNElLL.
Feb. !, 1315.
2' B irrels piiicri.ir N. O. Molasses (new crop.)
'25 Ilbds. Mrdassis. For -ale bv
IVS. I, 1815.
GliO. McNElLL
N 0 TI C E.
TAKEN UP ami committed
to the Jail of Cumberland count y,
N. C, on Sunday, the 26th day
of January, 1845, a ncjrn man
who says his .name is SIMON,
and says that he was sold in
Charleston to a man by the name
of Mel 'n.'e,
U.ia a i'l t ! re
ok rlv t'l nr.
and was carried to Alabama or Geor
h'fl hi master. Said nerro v;.s for
p -ri y of IJenjunin t'iass of Camden.
. ;o I wa- lakcr'i Irom lliis ilnce last F(droarv
hv Mr ti is. S:iid neorri is about 5 feel 4 inches
li-ub, l irk eoMipbwion, and about 45 or 50 years of
i"". Th mvii'-ri'l' said o2ro is hereby notified
io co if t".n ward, prove property. py charges, and
t:ik- bun awii-, or he will be dealt with aeeorriin"
t" I w. v L. CALLAIS. Jailor.
tm-, ---,10-tf.
825
HEWAMD.
It AN AWAY f.om Mr James
McDmVie oi the 7ih of Deeem-ferla-t,
my negro man AKCHY.
late t lie property A.Bebe-,
l c'd. He is about 5 feet 8 r 10
inches high, Ins a long, smooth'
black fice, with full prominent
eyes, ami is Jame in o nj- hjs
legs. He is suj-posed to be lork-
i ii
wdl
l.il
aboul Fayctteville, N. CL A reward ofn
lie paid for., him -.if taken and lodged in any
j i this State, or if taken ami lodged in
Jail in any other of the Slates, so that 1 enn qct
hun a-'aui J. M. STRONG.
FuvTtu-vi:!., N. C,Feb. 22, 1845 3l3-4w.
ROBERT W. HVRDIE,
200KEIHD3P.J .
TiO0KSELLER AND STATIONER,
M-'JMirETTWMWtWtE, .V. C.
f WAVING located himself in Fayetteville, on
fl.lL Havsireet, 3 loors from Mr Hale's Book
Jtore, will keep constantly on hand a general as
Jortment of Books and Stationery. He invites the
public to call and examine Ins selections, whether
desirous of puichasing or not.
Being a Bookbinder, and provided with a complete
set of tools and apparatus, he is prepared to execute
all kinds of binding, from the plainest to the most
cos'ly. . " "
HJ solicits the patronage of his fellow citizensof
,J'ayettevile ami the surrounding country. ':
.Nov.-23, J3t4.
aiii-y. -
MOUNTAIN BUTTER!
GOO Hs upeiior, just received. - .
Jan. 25.:t. THOS. J. MIMS.
RICHARD S. CAIN,
WILL attend promptly to the collection of any ac
counts, notes, judgments,' or -other debts, due in
Bladen county, to citizens ol said connty, or the ad
joining counties.'.- Person placing accounts in his
hand, may look for prompt returns.
Feb. 15. 1845.- - 3I2-3W.- : ,
Dr. Taylor's Balsam Liverwort
Dr, Jaynes' Expectorant, Dr. Hull's Cough Lozen
gern, and many other valuable congh mixtures tor
saleby S.J.HINSDALE, .
Feb. 22, 1643. -y. Druggist:
A (fK hbla. PRIME extra large Yellow
TtHV Plantttiff IRISH POTATOES, just re"-
ceived and for sale by
Feb. I.
HALL& BALL.
310
CHEAP FOR CASH!
THE subscribers, tliankfnl tfsr past favors, take
this mi thod to inform their friends and the
public that th;y have now on hand and for sale, a
fur assortment of heasonable Goods ; comprising
in part as fol ows. Any or all of which I hey. will
sell at the lowest market prices for Cash :
GROCERIES.
Rio, Cuba, and St. Domingo Coflee; Porto Rico,
N Orleans, and Loaf Sugar; Soap, Starch, Epsom
Salts, Camphor, Indigo, Madder, Copperas, Tea,
Sa!t, &c. &c.
Dry G-oods-
Alpaceas, plain a i.i figured ; Monslin d'Laines ;
Broad Cloths; Sattinets ; Kersys; Calico ; cotton
and silk H indkercbi-fs ; wool and silk Shawls;
Apron Checks; Bed Tickinjr; Flannels; Bonnets;
Band-boxes; Ribbons; Artificials; Hats, Boots, and
Shoes, &C.&C.
English and Swedes Iron ; Enslish and American
Steel; Nails; pocket and table C-Jtlery; Hoes; trace
and baiter Chains ; Padlocks; Drawing Knives;
table and tea Spoons, &c. &c.
C HO C K E R F,
A general assortment.
Now in store and for sale,
50 BiorsCofHe,
150 Sacks Salt,
4 Hhifs. Sugar,
. 20 Hhds. Molass,
20 BIli. planting Potatoes,
2 toi.s Swedes Iron, assorted,
at our old stand , foot of Havmount.
"JONES & DUNN
Dee. 21, IS14. . . 304-tf.
Kncouras
Gardner fit 3VIc2Eet.Ii.an,
HAVE lately made considerable improvement in
their stvle of Work, and have now on hand a GiN
EltAL ASSORTMENT, consisting of
Carriages, Barouches, Buggies,
Gigs, "Sulkeys, Waggons, &c.
Which for clesance of shape and finish, and dura
bility, will compare v ith ar3' made in the U States.
PeMons wishing to b.uv, would do well to call
and cxatnine our work, as we ha ve niTer-Jimi-xt--to
sell LOW for Cash, or approved notes.
Having in our empi.ofiiV ,yToffl!s,-weaTe
prepanjl.U'turany Iron work in the above line on
Wftftlerate terms.
We warrant all our work to be of good and faith
ful wotkm inrhip and materials, f.rone yar.
-.Cj. REPAIRING faithful y executed at short
notice, and on reasonable terms.
Fayettevdle, February 8, 1845. y.
FOR SAL FL
6 doz. arcen.slnz.-tl FLOWER POTS.
6 " Tazcd PICKLE JARS with covers-
C. LUTTERLOH.
Feb. 6, 1844.
3ll-tf.
BUCKWHEAT FLOUR,
For sal.! by GEO. McNElLL.
Jan 4, 1S15. -
M E W.
Forwarding, and Commission
H O U S E.
"SlR7"OULD inform the merchants of the interior
V V that, they have in comvclion with the gen-
dded that of the Forward -
inwanl havi'nsr large. and commodious Ware
houses on the bank of the River, are prepared to
receive and forward Goods upon such terms as win
lefv a'.I rv.mnetitton. our charges and expenses be-
in ' one-third less on the freight b Us than any other
house in the place. . , . . -
All finnrl.4 s!ii)l)"( 1 to G. W. Davis of W liming
ton, for the interior, and not otherwise directed, will
be found in our possession. :
Aug. 17, 1S44. . Z7-U.
Call at the WAGON YARD
IV1E Subscriber is now receiving from New
York, a general and complete assortment of
HATS, BOOTS & SHOES,
nAt.jV Allli tV KjJ l Lea i ,
Crockery and Groceries,
Of every quality and description, tor sale very law
for Cash, or in exchange for any kind of country
produce. " THOS.J.MIMS.
hoA second hand husgv as good as new," and two
rses and two mob, "for sie or hire. . r
Dec. 14. 1844. 203-tf.
500 FLOWER POTS
For sale by W. PRIOR.
Feb. 15, 1S45. 312-Gt.
JOHN D. STARK
HAS received bv the late arrivals from New York,
his stock of FALL and WINTER
G 0 0 D S,
Coinprisinz a large and extensivejissortment o
Drv Good Hardware and Cutlery, Hats, Bonnets
Shoes, Umbrellas, .Parasols, Cotton and Y ool
Cards, writing and wrapping . Paper, Coflee and
Sugar, Drugs and Medicines, &c.&c, werl worth
the attention of country Merchants which will be
offered at low prices tor -
OctG, 1814. : 269'U- -
FOR SALE.
A LARGE assortment of CIlOCKER) .GLASS,
CHINA, STONE, AND Q.UEENSWARL, com
prising " Dinner. ::Tcb, Coffee, and Chamber Sets,
together with almost every article in that line.
20 crates n? sorted for the Country trade.
" 6 dozen Flower -Pots.
- -. 6 ditto Pickle Jars, with covers. -' '
.. C. LUTTERLOH.
Feb'y 15, 1845. ' ' - 312 y,
c Wm Manufactures
JUDGMENTS & EXECUTIONS;
OF ALL SORTS,
For sale at the Carolinian Office. J
A. M. C AM P R ELL,
HAVING been appointed
- AUCTIONEER
for the Town of Fayettevitle, is prepared toaltend
to the sale of any goods which may be entrusted to
him.
CONSIGNMENTS from abroad will be prompt
ly attended to.
October 10, 1844. . 294 Cm.
WANTED.
BUSHELS OF ASHES, imme
JfW Vr diatclj-, for which a fair price will be
paid.
W. ML, McKAY.
March 9.S44.
263-tf.
A K E N C I
For the sale of Timber, Lumber,
and Naval Stores.
MAVING located myself in Wilmington for
the purpose of sellins TIMBER, LUMBER,
TUltPENTINE, TAR, &e , I would say to the
public, that nothing shall be wanting on my part to
the giving of entire satisfaction. I take this op
portunity of acknowledging mv obligations to those
who have patronized mr, and hope to share a por
tion of the business of the oublie sencrally.
STEWART PIPKIN.
Wilmington, N.C., March 16, 1844. 261-ty.
JUST PRINTED.
NEGOTIABLE NO fES, of all the various kinds
Used, just printed and for sale at ibis Office.
10 HHDS
sale by
(tiew croji)
MOLASSES, lor
GEO.cNElLL
Jan 4, rlS45.
REMOYAk
CLARK & McCALLUH,
HAVING removed their Tailoring Establishment
from their late Simp to the building formerly oc
cupied by Wm. L. Cofer, nearly opposite to the
Lafayette Hotel, on Hay street, respectfully inform
their friends and customers, that they wi'l continue
rU T.A.ir.nijaRus'lNESS in the
iiul uujiiuvuu hum iiiiiionaui man'.-r. n
return their thank
for the libera! share of business
they have received, and pledge themselves to merit
a continuance of it, by strict attention and skill.
Latest fashions regular!" received from New York.
Dec 14, 1844. ' 203-tf.
WE have just received from New York and Phila
delphia a large assortment of
FALL & WINTER
CONSISTING OF
DE7 C5-003DS.
Groceries, Hardware, Crockery,
&c, occ,
which we will sell at the lowest market price.
PETER P.
JOHNSON & CO.
Oct. 14, 844.
29a-3w.
BAR SOiiP.
THE subscriber offers for s ie ONE HUN
DRED BOXES OF BAR SO P, manufac
tured at the "Fayetteville (N. C. "Candle Factory,"
and warranted i qual if not sup rior to Colgate's
best No. I. 1
Bei ig determined to devote all neccssavy atten
tion to the business, and off'-ring it at. a reduced
price, (5 cnts a pound l the box,) he hopes to
receive a due share of public patronage.
frp All orders thankfully received and prompt
ly attended to.
W. McL. McKAY.
Fayeiteville, May 24.841
NO T I C E .
TAKEN UP and committed
to the Jail of Cumberland county,
n Satunlay the I5;h insf.,a ne
gro woman, who says her name
is SUSAN MITCHELL, and
claims to be free1; hut from her
Sfe contradictory statements, is sup
posed to be a runaway slave, and owned by John
Tiiley, ol Uranviite county, J. Bain woman is
of a copper color, with good teeth, large lips, tolera
bly stout built, rneasuring in height 5 feel 4 inches,
and is about 18 or 20 years of age. The owner of
said negro is requested to come forward, prove
property, and take, her away, or she will he dealt
with as the law requires.' -
W.L. CALLAIS, Jailor.
Feb. 20, 1845. - 313-tf.
Just Received on Consignment,
50 H lid? '"and II Tierces MOLASSES, of very
tuime qnabtv, and wdl be sold low for Ci-SH, or
acceptable 9 f day paper.
ALSO
200 bb's piime New Orleans MOLASSES expect
ed by the Henrietta, foi sale as above by
- : HALL & JOHNSON.
- March I, 1845. - 314-31.
FOR SALE,
140 ACHES OF LAND on the east side of
Capo1 Fear river, "er tne plantation formerly
mvnt-A liv Col. Ashe, about nine miles from tow n.
One half cleared ard fenced, the rest heavily tim-
bcre' " ; J. C. HOOPER.
March 1, 1815. 3,4lni-
FOR SALE.
5000 Bush. Alum Salt, 1 . : . - "
500 Sacks Livrpoot do. : ,
40 . Bbls prime New Orleans Molasses,
15 Tons Swedes and English Iron, ;
-mnn the kibI vi Cast. German. English, and
American Blister, -; , .
50 Bbls Apple Brandy, V "
20-Hhd N O, P R, and St Croix Sugar,
200 Bags Rio, Cuba, Java, Laguira, . and ,St
. Domingo Coffee, r- - - . '
75 Kegs Nails. -t'" -' .:'.. ..
J000 Sides Leather, viz: Hemlock and Oak tanned
Sole, Russet and Black Bridle, .skirting,
harness, iippcr and calf Skins, ..." ' . .
20o0 Lbs Dry Hides, - - . '
10 Bbls Tanners Oil, "
Most of the above goods have been bought lately
at low prices. They are fresh; and in prime order,
and will be sold chcap. &
Match 1, 1845. , 3l4-3t -
WyjKJiiu respect I ut
!y inform the citizens
of Fayetteville and the public
generally, that he has taken
tlie stand recently occupied
by E. J. Clark, on Gdlesnie
wtpt Toi r i i v
rStreet, 5 doors South of the
Market Square, where ho will
'inarsnfatiirtfk ol ' l
slar.tly ci hand an assortment of
iiiN 1MJ SHEET IRON AVAR E.
Persois wishing to nurchn
call andfexamine his stock before purchasing else-
uC.c,f ueia neterminedto sell as cheap as any
other nifiufacturer in th. State. -
n'rior 'iS f a" ftnt're'y new pattern.
ROOMING done in the lastest style, and best
nmnn7. Also GUTTI'RING.
Aua 17, 1344. 261 v
grocery:
FRUIT & CROCKERY
da
THE Subscriber has taken the Store on Hay
street directly opposite his old stand, where
he is now receiving a
STOCK OF GOODS.
Consisting in part of -Brown,
Havana, loaf, crushed, and powdered Su
gars; Tea; Coffee; Pepper, Allspice; Ginger; Sale
ratiK.; Starch; Mackcre'; Shad; Salmon; Pickles;
Olives; Capers; bu!ter, water, and soda Cracker;
Cheese; Pepper Sauce;. Camphor; Indigo; Cassia;
Nutmegs, Citron; Mace; Sweet and Castor Oil;
chewing and smoking Tobacco; Principe and Ha
vana Segars; Scotch, Maccoboy, and Rapp?e
Snuff; Sperm Candles; Powoer and' Shot; Epsom
and table Sails. Lamp Oil; Blacking; Vinegar;
Madeira, Sherry, and sweet Malaga Wines : 'Al
monds, Filberts, and Madeira Nuts; saltpetre; sul
phur; nlum; liornngs
ilum; Herrings: currant -wl .fjy.
. 1. L... r.. i i .
everv article usually called fo in a Grocery Storet
which he will sell as low as any one in the place,
lor Cash, or on approved credit. ALSO,
CROCKERY.
W. PRIOR.
Nov. 9th, IS 14. ; ' 298-y.
CHEAP
GOODS.-
JAMES KYL E
HAS just received by the late arrivals from t'le
North, one hundred ami twenty packages
LST GOODS,
And forty-two packages
BOOTS AND SHOES.
All of which, being purchased by the Package for
Cash, since the late decline in price, will be offered
uncommonly low forCASH, or on time to punctual
customers.
Those wishing to purchase by wholesale or re
tail will please cai! and examine, as greatbargains
may he expected.
NEW GOODS by every arrival.
Nov. 30, 1844. 301-y.
III
GO
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a - ti
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g"'SS-
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a U 4 v
-riTl7"OULD inform the pub' ic that they have
Vw moved from sheir old stand to the store
lately occupied by Messrs CJ&RM Orrell, and
known as the Yellow Buildings. Having largely
increased their stock of GROCERIES, they are
prepared to offer inducements in the way of trade,
that will be to the interest of purchasers, generally
to rrive them a call. Their stoeli will consist in
part of : r
10 Ton Swedes and English Iron,
500 lbs. Cast Blister." and German Strel,
5Q! Pa. Hollow V7are,
500 lbs. Bar Lead, .
40 Bags Shot, assorted,
15 Kegu Powdi-r,
300 lbs. Epsom Salts,
3r0 lbs. Alum,
100 !l. Borax,
1500 lbs. Copperas,
150 lbs Indigo,
. 1- Cask Salar.nu, 7 . "
50 sides sole Leather,
75 Ba's tio Coffe, - .: ' .
10 Hhds. Porto Rico Sugar, '
1000 lbs. single and double , refined and Cofleo
' craslied Sugur, .. - , ......
-300 sacks Liverpool Salt,:
500 bushels Alom. do- -
A1LSO, .
Wagon Boxes, Bellows, .Vices, Anvils, Cotton
Cards, Curry Combs. Pocket CutJeryPatent Medi
Hflwlt Svruo and ' Powder ..Cassia
Camphor, Castor OH, Paints, Putt Drugs, &c, &c.
Hi
MenimtDvall
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
AJARCH 4ih, 1S45.
Fellow Citizens : iihout solicitation on
my patl, I hnva been rhoscu by the free and
voluntary sufll ages', of my countrymen to the
most hotiomble unci m t responsible office
on euilh. 1 am deeply impressed htl grati
tude foi the ciinfidence teposed in me. Hon
ored with this distinguished consideration at
an eatlier period of life than any of my pre
deeessorj, I cannot disguise the diffidence
wiih which F am about ; to enter on the dis
charge of mv official dm ics.
It" the more aged and expeiienced men who
have filled the office of President of tbo'U..
States, even in the infancy of the republic,
distrusted their ability to discharge the duties
of that exulted station, what ought not to be
the apprehension of one so much 3'ounger
and IeM ..endowed. " now' thai our domain ex
tends from ocean to ocean, that our people
have so greatly increased iu numbers, and n't
a time when so great divcrisity of opinion
prevails in regard to the principles and policy
which should t hatocterize the, administiation
of our government ? Well may the boldest
fear, and the widest tremble, when iucurritig
responsibilities on .'which may depend oui
country's peace and prosperity, and, in some
degree, the hopes and happiness of the whole
human tiiniilv.
Iti assuming respon.sihiliiies go vast, I fer
vently invoke the aid o!'th;t Almighty Ruler
of the universe, in whose bauds are the des
tinies of nations and of men, la guard this
heaven-favored bind ugaiust tho -mischiefs
which, without His guidance, might arise
fiomau unwise public: policy. With a firm
reliance upou thu' wisdom of Omnipotence to
sustain and direct me in the path of duty
which I am appointed to pursue, I stand iu
the presence of this assembled multitude of my
countrymen, to take upon myself the solemn
obligation, "to the best of my ability, to pre
serve, protect, and defend the constitution of
Ihe United States."
A concise enumeraUQii...oCthep-.inciples
Hi.-f.uivrwiii ;uiue mej in mo mimuiisurauve
policy of the government, is not ouly in ac
cordance with the examples set me by all my
predecessors,' but is eminently befitting the
occasion.
The constitution itself, plainly mitten as it
is, the safeguard of our federative compact,
the offspring of our concession and compro
mise, binding together iu tho bonds of peace
and union this gieat and iucreaiug family of
free and inderunHent Slates, will be the chait
oy "Tumi suuii uv ii:. iA , --,.,.,u
It will be my first care lo administer the
government in the true spirit of that instru
ment, and to assume no powers not expressly
granted, or clearly implied iu its terms. The
government of the United States U one of
delegated and limited powers; and it is by a
strict adherence to the dearly grunted powers,
and by abstaining from the exercise of doubt
ful or unauthorized implied powers, that we
have the only sure guaranty against the re-
cuirence of those unfortunate collision be
tween the federal and ttute authorities, which
have occasionally so much distuibed the har
mony of our system, and even threatened the
lerpetoiiy of our glorious Union.
" To the States respectively, or to the peo
ple," have been reserved the powets not
delegated lo the United Slates by the constitu
tion, uor prohibited by it lo the States. ' Lai h
State is a complete sovereignty within the
sphere of its reserved powers. The govern-
ineut l the Union, acting wpbtn the sphere
of its delegated authority, is felso a complete
sovereignty. While the general government
should abstaiu from the exercise of authority
not cleat ly delegated to it, the States should
e equally careful that, in the maintenance ol
their rights, they do not overstep the limits of
powers reserved to them. One of the most
distinguished of my predecessors attached de
served importance to ' the support of the sta'e
governments in all their rights, as the most
competent administration for our domestic
concerns, and the surest bulwark against anti-
republican tendencies;' and to the "preserva
tion of the general government in its whole
constitutional vijior, as the thee! anchor of
out peace at home, and safely abroad.
To the government ol the United States has
been inuustfd the exclusive management of
our foreign aflTnirs. Keyoud that, it wield a
fVw ueneral enumerated nowi. It doe? not
force reform on the States. It leaves individ
nals, over whom it casts its protecting in
fluence, entirely fiee lo improve their own
condition by iho legitimate exercise of ail
their meutal and physical powers. It H a
common protector of each and all ihe States;
of every man who lives upon our soil, whether
of native or foreign birib : of every religious
sect, in their worhip of the Almighty accord
ing to the dictates of their own coocieuce:
of everv shade of opinion, and the most free
inquiry of every art, tiade, and 'occupation,
cousisteut wiih the laws of the State. -An
we rejoice iu the general happiness, prosperi
ty, and advancement of our country, wbuh
have been the offspring f freedom, and not
of power. ..." - ' , ' ' ;V
This most admirable and wisest system of
well-regulated self-government among men,
ever devised by human minds? "has been test
ed hv its successful peiatioa for mote than
half a oenlury ; and, if preserved from the
usurpations of the federal government on the
one" hand, and the exercise by; the. States of
powers do! reserved t tber n ok the other, will
1 ferveutly h'pe and believe," endure for ages
to come, and dispense the bless ings'of ' iyil
nud "religious liberty lo distant generations.
To effect objects ho dear to every, patriot, t
shall devote myself wlm anaious solicitude-
It will be my desire to guard against that mot
f uitl'u! source of danger to the harmotiiou-t
action of our-system, which consist iu substi
tuting the meie discrtiioii "atitl cojirice of thu
executive, or of majorities iu the legislative
department " of the governmeBt, for powers
which have been .withheld fm the ledeinl
government by tho 'constitution. By the
ihrory of ur government, majorities' rule; but
this tight is not an arb'irrarjTor delimited ouc.
It is a right to be " exercised in I subordinatiou
to the constitution, anl: in conformity to it.
One great-object of the .CoDtituiiou was i
restrain riij'.ilies fibfii opprfsving minor i
fiS r encroaching "Vipn' their just rights.
Minorities have a t igbj io appc.nl to the ccc
stitution, a shield Miust such oppression.
That the blessings of libety h?ch otif
constitution secures, may bo enjoyed alike
minorities and iiiajoiitics, tho executivn
has been wisely in vested with a qualified veto
upon the acts of the Lesialature. It is a
negative power, and is . conattutive iu its"
character. It auests for the time, "hasty in
considerate, or unconstitutional - legislation ;
invitee reconsideration, and transfers ques
tions at issue between the legislative and ex
ecutive departments to tho tribunal of ihe peo
ple. - Like all cither powers, it is subject to bo
abused. When judiciously and ptopeily ex
pressed, the constitution itself rnny bo saved
fiom infraction, and the rights of all preserved
and protected. ; '
The inestimable 'value of our fedeial Union
is felt aud acknowledged by ail. liy this
system of united aud confederated Slates, our
people are permitted, collectively and indivi
dually, to seek their own happiness in their
own way ; and tho consequences hove been
mot auspicious.- Siuco the Union was
formed, thts number of the Shifts has increas
ed from thirteen to tventy-eiht: two of these
have taken their position as membris of the
confederacy within the hist week. Our popu
lation has increased from thiee to twenty mil
lions. New communities and states .
seeking prtr-cfrr vtid ia wgnrpatid multi-ti.-des
from the Old ..World ore flocking to our
otioTCs'tiiTpaiticipati: in it bisssiugs. Be
neath its benign sway, peace and prosperity
prevail. Freed fnmi tho bus-Jens and mise
ries of war, our trade and intercourse have
extended throughout the world. Mind, no
longer tasked iu devising means to accom
plish or resist schemes of ambit ion, usurpa
tion, or conquest, is devoting itsUf to man's
tue iniere Is, iu developing his faculties and
powers, aud lbs capacity oi uaiure miuiter
lo his enjoyments. Genius is fie c To--n-iiiiut-o
ii invention aud rliscovcries : afiK
tho hand' is" tVce "tA" acliV'.ijftit,.. -c..Vtic. ...
head conceives, not incompatible wiih tho
rights of a fellow being. All distinction of
birth or of ran!; have been abolished. All
citizens, whether native or adopted, are placed
upon terms of precise equality. All me en
tilled lo yqual lights and equrd protection.
No union exists between church and state,
and perfect fieedom of opinion is guarantied
to nil nects and creeds.
These are some of ihe blessings secured to
our happy . land by our federal Union. To
perpetuate fhm, it is cur sacred duly to pre
servo it. Who holl assign limits to tho
nchievemeut ol" free ntiuds and free haudr
under the protection of this glorious Union!
N o treason to mankind, siuca tho or;jiniza-
lion of society, would be equal in atrocity to
that of him who would lift bis hand to destroy
it. He would overthrow the noblest stturtuio-
of human wisdom, which ptotects himself and
bis fellow man. Ho would st on the oroi ess
office government, aud involve his country
either in anarchy or despotism. IIo would
extinguish ihe firooflibctty which warms aud
animates the hearts of happy millions, and in
vites all the uatious ol the earth to imitate our
example. If ho say that erior end wrong are
committed in thu 'administration of the gov.
erument, let him remember thnt nothing hu
man can be perfect ; and that under uo other
system of government revealed by leaven,
or devised by man, has reason - bau allowed
so free and broad a seopo to' combat error
Has the sword of despots proved to La a safer
or surer instrument of reform in government
than enlighterl reason ?, ' Do? he expect m
find among the ruins of thij Union n happier
sbode for our swarming millions thsa lhey
now have under itl Kv&ry lover of his coun
try must shudder tit the thought of the possi
bility of it dissolution, and will he ready to
adopt the patriotic sentiment : Our federal
Union it must he preserved." To presr-rvo.
it, the comprooji-o which enabled our fathers
to form a common constitution for govern
men! and p'otoction tf o many untew, and
distinct coujmuniiies nfsnch diversified habits,
interests, and con:?st;o iulilutnus, mut bo
acre.Jly and religiously ob2ered. Any at
tempt to disturb or depl oy these compromise,
bpiug teritis of the compact oi" ?he Union, ran
lead to none other thau ib-i :noi ruiuous eud
disastrous conseiuif nrrs.
is a S'lUtce '.fdcj
that.
Iu torn
sections oj our country, intsyuidfu persons
have occasionally indulged i: schfetne- aud
agilationv whose ohjv. t is the dostrticlicn of
doineslic iustitiitiou existing iu other c
tions institution.s which existed &t the adop
tion of tha constitution, and vre recognised
and protected by it. AH ir.m-f see thftt if
were possible t.r tnsm to sucr.ciui u ob
taining Mheir object, lha dissoliiti.i of th
Union, aud the con-eq int destruction of o
happy form of government, rwut speedjfy fa-
low. ' Z '
I am happy to believe ihat st etry period
of our ejiTstenre hs xmuou, th.re has exut
ed. and continues to ist, "niotiij the CtehC
mass of our people, ft devotion to tha Union of
SeTsiaiesbich will shield sod potrrt it
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