S sAectmir Benjanun, -
misr
i7" a ifLof railroads ddivercd led. i, li4.
-Air IJ-cnja miiiU I certainly did notopec
measures to-day; but 1 Imvccen B m
HVKOI ill T IP
nn. j'i -i -
i,rm-ir fs aavaueeu uy. iuc oiuawi
L '.. d-r,,-;,. TMr Dawson. 1
and the Senator
from Delaware, Mr Clayton, that, inasmuch
a mv constituents are deeply interested m this
w
i-ole class ot measures, i icei n, u n. j i
svs y
a few words. I conceive that nie opposi-
t'.Oll
to these bills proceeds altogether upon a
.false
theorv. I near gcuueuicu n-amus
jmnronriatioiis
of nuhlic lands, and comparing
td.'in to appropriations of pubnc money
of public money. It
.tril-r.! mo i hat we onirht. in order to arrive
at
si just idea of the principles upon which all these
bills are founded, to make a distinction between
the Government of the United States as a poli
tical bodv governing the country, and the
Government of the United States as an owner
of lands.
Now, sir, when an appropriation is asked for
upon the Atlantic or upon the Gulf coast, and
when it is proposed that the Government, as a
Government, shall appropriate public moneys
for purposes of public improvement, necessarily,
that work being intended to be done by the
Government alone, not being controlled in any
measure whatever by private -rfterprise or pri
vate judgment, the individuals who take part in
the railroads not taking part in those works,
not investing their capital in them, not having
any of the stimuli to economy and prudence
and judgment in expending the money, which,
under other circumstances, arc applied to these
subjects necessarily, I say, in impropriations
of that character, it is right and is proper that,
when the appropriations are asked for, they
should be granted only after close examination,
and that the expenditure of these appropria
tions should be properly guarded by the officers
of the Government of the United States.
But when the Government as a land owner,
and not as a Government, is called upon to con
tribute, with other land owners, to the improve
ment of its own property, then, sir, a diifcrent
class of considerations necessarily arise, and one
which cannot with any propriety be assimilated
with those which gentlemen evoked before us,
for the purpose of checking our action upon the
subject of the public lands.
Suppose miv one of us to be possessed of large
tracts of wild land. JaKe me example ui uiu
Senator from Texas, teupposc any one or us to
he possessed, in an individual right, of large
tracts of wild land, land that we cannot sell,
hind that is intrinsically valuable because it is
fertile, land which will produce much when cul
tivated by the labor of man, but land that, in
its actual position, is valueless to us as a source
of wealth or revenue; suppose, under these cir
cumstances, the proposition were made to us
by a capitalist to come upon our lands, and im
prove them by putting constructions upon them,
ir by building roads through them, and sup
pose the parties making the proposition could
prove, not by mere estimates made in advance,
bv.t by the operation of a principle already test
ed by experience, that if we would allow them
to expend their capital upon our property, and
then divide the property with them, the half
that would remain for us could be sold for more
than as much as the whole would have brought
before; what would be the answer of any man
administering his own property with a just re
gard to his own interest to a proposition of that
kind'' Would he not accept -it at once?
What, then, can !; said vidicn the whole ex
tent of the proposition in favor of the new States
is simply to devote a portion of your lands to
make the rest sell for a larger price? You are
a land proprietor in the new States, and you
own more laud than all the citizens together.
Now join these citizens in a common public im
provement, and your property will be improved
as well as theirs. It is not just, it is not proper,
no man will say that it is at all consistent with
equity, to call upon the citizens of the new States
to build railroads through lands belonging to
the Government, and then that the Govern
ment should sell the lands at a greatly enhanced
price a price produced at the cost" of the citi
zens of those States. In the old States, where
the Government owns no lands, necessarily it
cannot be called upon for these appropriations.
Why? Because the direct beneiit resulting
from the expenditure of the appropriation does
not inure to the benefit of the General Govern
ment. But in the new States, where the Gen
eral Government owns the land, and where the
principle goes to this extent and no further,
where one half shall be appropriated for these
purposes, to make the remaining half more
valuable t!ia:i the whole- was before. I am
scarcely able to understand the diflicultv of the
Senator from Georgia, who thinks sueh'a mea
sure would be a squandering away of the public
lands. Why? The lands co for the benefit of
all the States. The one half appropriated for
t hese improvements goes, of course, to the bene
htol the improvement itself; but the other half,
eiuianeedm value, and selling for more than
A.
me wnole would have been sold for before
comes
into the market
The
1 irrwoml -3
of t l
te
public
lands are brought into the public Treasury, and
they are expended for the benefit of the whole
Lmmn lor the old States as well as the new.
1, tor one, am not alarmed bv this cry of
there hemg one hundred and six railroad bills,
i wish there were one thousand and six instead
ot one hundred and six. I wish they could be
inult.phed throughout the whole extent of the
est, and through everv part of the country
vhere tne Government possesses public lands,
i t the system of railroads could be scattered
throughout the whole of our western country;
u the lands could be brought into cultivation
v being brought within the reach of market
v tu,s system of internal improvements; if the
a Uy ami m.uistrious population can be spread
in- nr'i S' 1 S:,y ,1,at thtT would be a
Vo the wl nU 't'-UOt nl-V l the states but
tenVed v tt t,,e '-titnents repre-
Geor i- fltr1,C from Delaware and
? S t' f: r. Srcattr th --he obtained bv
and siT ;n . ... yCVlCim evi . One hundred
we are bm, " 'V.. .' ' and six bills
to mv i,, : ;, 1 According
nroooslthm , 1 1 "T?.r. to state the
ana six rail-
roaus, pi ov uimg lor inereasur tl
e wealth of the
country'
y to the extent of $700,000,000 if th !
riate that quantity for that mbiow
approp
l oeiieve
"1 1
this system of anitronrU.t; L ,
a source of public wealth, and not a squander
ing of the public funds. I believe, with the
Senator trom lexas. that no system lms l,om.
devised m modern times, by which the wealth
the prosperity, and the increase of this country
have been so well secured, as by the system of
giving a portion of the public lands for purposes
of internal improvements so as to add value to
the rest.
I did not intend to say a word upon this sub
ject, but I think the whole principle has been
misapplied; I was going to say had been mis
understood, but I cannot suppose that to be
the case with Senators as experienced and dis
tinguished as those who have spoken. But I
really think that the true principle has not been
stated; that it is not an appropriation of public
money. It is not to be compared to the case
of the improvement of harbors and rivers, where
the Government as a Government spends the
money of the whole people. I think that a dis
tinction is to be made between the Government
as a political body, governing the country, and
jtkWtej ejirrn cyta s a land-Holder and land-owner
orpirljoPeTa.th rough which these improve
ments pass. It is the Government as a land
holder and land-owner joining with other land
holders and land-owners, in making this vast
public improvement.
Foreign Sew?. -
The steamer Canada arrived at Boston on
Saturday last, bringing Liverpool dates of Feb
ruary 4th.
The uewsis very warlike, r The Russian am
bassador was about leaving London.
The English Parliament met on the 31st, and
the Queen's speech -was delivered. She. men
tions the Turkish difficulty in .moderate terms,
and congratulates the country upon an alliance
with France. She also recommends an increase
in tne army, -as war uireatens irom nour to
hour.
A reply had been given -in writing to the
Czar's inquiry respecting the fleets, and the de
parture of the Russian ministers from London
and Paris was hourly expected. It is reported
that the French and English ministers have
been recalled from St. Petersburgh.
France will send 80,000 and England 10,000
men to Turkey, England paying naif the total
expenses.
It is reported that Austria and Prussia will
co-operate with France and England; but this
is doubted.
Prince Napoleon had been sent to Belgium
to impress the king with the necessity of acting
firmly with the allies of Turkey, as Belgium
cannot maintain neutrality without incurring the
displeasure of France. The Prince also goes
on a mission to tne various German courts.
The French cabinet held a council on
the
30th ult., and resolved to send 80.000 troons
to Turkey.
Count OrlofTs mission to Vienna was for the
purpose of asking permission for a Russian
force to pass through Hungary. It is reported
that if Count Orloff failed to obtain this, the
Czar would visit Vienna in person.
The Russian vice-commander at Sevastopol
had been cashiered for allowing the Retribu
tion to enter that port.
The interview of Count Orloff with the Em
peror of Austria was brief and unsatisfactory.
Count Orloff was greatly dissatisfied with his
reception, and it was further reported that the
Emperor of Austria would consider the passage
of the Danube by the Russians equivalent to a
declaration of war.
Mr Bell, the English engineer
the battle of Sinope, on board
steamer, had been released.
captured in
of a Turkish
The Russian Chambers have promptly "-ranted
the supplies necessary for a complete state
of defence.
There were rumors of a naval engagement in
the Jilack sea, in which the Russian fleet
destroyed, but this lacks confirmation.
was
Spaix. Revolutionary handbills were pub
lished throughout Spain, and the feeling against
the Queen was intense.
Italy. Uneasiness prevails throughout North
ern Italy, and an outbreak was feared.
A portion of the Turkish fleet had gone on
to Egypt to ship 12,000 well-trained troops,
including a regiment of heavy artillery and a
regiment of riflemen
All the allied fleets had returned to Beico's
bay, causing much astonishment.
Col. Dein, sent by the government of France
to report on the condition of the Turkish army
on the Danube, pronounces it capable of keep
ing the Russians in check for a long time. The
Turks were deficient in cavalrv.
Two French officers had been sent on a simi
lar errand to Asia.
The hostility of the Swedes to Russia was in
creasing.
The accounts from Persia state that the Eng
lish influence preponderates.
Very Latest. The very latest advices
telegraphed from London to Liverpool by the
submarine telegraph, received just a few min
utes previous to the Canada's sailing, are to the
following effect :
Intelligence received at Vienna states that
Count Boul has drawn out a declaration of
neutrality with a strong leaning towards the
views of the northern powers, and that he has
given this to Count Orloff as final. OrloflTs
mission has therefore failed.
The propositions made by the Czar were to
form defensive leagues with all the German
powers, so that if the western powers attacked
my one thereof Russia would make a common
cause witn thein ana would not coucludc any
peace without consulting their interests. This
cunning device, however, did not meet with ap
proval, and the German powers, through Aus
tria, definitely and peremptorily refused to ac
cede. Russia is therefore left alone and isolated
so far as the proposition is concerned.
1 he western powers all now demand imme
diately the evacuation of the principalities by
the Russians, and if refused have determined
to compel it.
AVe are informed that at an election held at
Carthage on the 16th February, 1854, for Major
of the 44th Regiment X. C. Mditia, Capt. S. W.
Hitter received 90 votes, and John D. Dowd
55 votes Ritter's maj. 45.-
-Argus.
The House mit a Big Chimxey. A few years
. -a nr i a a
ago, the proceedings oi me tvasnington jYiorru-
ment Society, at .Washington, received a sud
den impetus. Among other measures adopted
to procure sufficient funds for the completion of
the edifice, was that of appointing an agent in
each congressional district throughout the Uni
ted States, who were furnished with lithographs
of the future monument, which were presented
to such gentlemen as chose to subscribe.
One of these gentlemen called one day at the
house of a wealthy farmer, in the upper end
of Dauphin county, Pa. The whole family were
soon assembled to look at the beautiful pictures.
In the meantime the agent exerted all his elo
quence to induce the steady old German to
"plank the tin." He portrayed the services of
V ashmgton to his country; lie dwelt in glow
ing terms upon the gratitude we should feel for
mem.
Suddenly the farmer broke sileuce:
''What is all this for?"
ihe asrent. berr.-m
was?"
the
sident ; he licked
1 v ii
tn l ana inis monument is
7 V ,:ilu as a Rttino
eteriinl nrafij. , .
'testimonial of the
Ti,r V- . OI ,us countrymen " &c
.1 ?:"t-C,I'ated subscriber Studied th,
studied the plate
"Well."
said he. "T
wards 5t. - T rlv.
I don't Sft ?ytingto-
wnn'f . ...
mit such a big chimney."
a iiouse
lhe agent immediately "vamosed
Somebody has annonvniousW ,..,Tcr .
the London Society for propagating The GoVel
lCte J?Z?L l C fromThe
'-" " ii ci i. me rigut nana doeth.
..t . ow who Washington
. - . - iiisl x re
THE NORTH CAROLINIAN,
Democratlc meeting- In ftlmhMi'.- 't-ffii:
On Monday evening, of the 13th inst., a meet
ing of the Democracy of Colnmbns county was
held at the Court House in WhitevilleJ :f-
On motion of F. George, Esq ., the meetinpf
was organized ty calling' Col. Marmadnke Pow-J
ell to the chair, and requested JN. Ii. f William
son to act as Secretary. - "
The chairman, after having, in an appropri
ate manner, made known the object of the meet
ing, on motion, appoiuted F. George, Esq.; T)r.
F. Williamson and Thos. L. Vail, Esq., a com
mittee to prepare resolutions for their consider
ation, who, after a short absence, returned and
reported, through their chairman,, F." George
Esq., as follows : Arv'
Resolved, That we approve of the time land
place of holding the Democratic State Conven
tion, as designated by the Democratic Execu
tiveCominittee. -r '
Resolved," That the Democracy of Columbus
having full confidence in the wisdom and patri
otism in said Convention, will, without express
ing a preference, cordially support their nominee,
for the Gubernatorial Chair. -
Resolved, That the Chairman appoint fifteen
delegates to represent this county in said 1 con
Resolved. That the Democracy of Columbus
adopt, as their rule and guide, the doctrines
set forth in the series of resolutions pap"-Vt
the Democratic State Convention of 'Sifct
er with the platform of the last National De
mocratic Convention at Baltimore.'
Resolved, That the Democratic party of
Xorth Carolina owe to no individual in their
rank so large a share of gratitude as to David
S. Reid, who, by the justness of his principles,
and his gallant aud successful advocacy of them,
has placed us on vantage ground, where we have,
not only already achieved a signal triumph over
the once victorious Federalist, but coufidently
expect to ront them again.
Resolved, That the firm and patriotic course
pursued by President Pierce, fully justifies the
confidence reposed in him by the almost unani
mous suffrages of his countrymen, and as he
knows "no North, no South," and holds up to
just prominence, the doctrine of State Rio-hts.
he shows himself to be the Statesman suited to
the exigencies of the times.
In accordance with the third resolution the
Chairman appointed the following delegates :
F.George, Esq., J. C. Powell, Thos. L.
V ail, J. G. Powell, Dr. F. Williamson, Wm. J.
Stanly, John Mills, J. H. Gore, Jesse S. Cox,
James Beach, Rev. G. W. Hill, J. C. Pierce,
A.J.Baldwin, Calvin Hayes, J. B. Stanly,
Col. John Gore, A. J. Burtuer, Jos. W. Ed
wards and Lovel Peacock.
On motion, the Chairman and Secretary were
added to the delegation.
On motion, it was resolved, that in case no
one of said delegation should attend said Con
vention, W. W. Holden of Raleigh, be hereby
authorized to act as our proxy.
On motion, it was ordered, that the proceed
ings oi mis meeting be torwarded to the Editors
of the Wilmington Journal for publication, with
the request, that the Fayetteville Carolinian
and Raleigh Standard copy the same into their
columns.
On motion, the meeting adjourned.
M. POWELL, Chairman.
X. L. Williamson, Secretary.
Failure of the Crystal Palace. W rioti
(says the !New York Herald) that the stock
holders of the Crystal Palace Company are out
of pocket 125,000 by the 'operatioiT.'!,TSisvis
somewhat singular, considering the favor shown
to the enterprise, aud the popularity it at one
time enjoyed. No other cause can be assigned
but the mismanagement of the directors; the
first and most striking instance of which was the
delay which occurred iu the opening. Had the
Palace been opened on the 1st of May, instead
of the 4th of Jul v. it is probable that there
would have been a surplus as large as the de
ficit now is. Country people lost faith in the
scheme when it failed to open as announced; and
thousands who would have visited it remaiued
quietly at home. We hope it will prove a warn
ing for the future. Public companies like pri
vate individuals must keep their word if they
want to succeed in life.
The Chiropodist axd the Tiger. The Eas
tern Counties Gazette states that for some time
past the magnificent tiger in the Hull Zoological
Gardens has experienced great torture by the
growth of its claws into the fleshy part of its
foot. On Saturday last it was determined to
make an attempt to cut them, by stupefying the
animal with chloroform. Mr Taylor, veterinary
surgeon, was the operator, and several medical
gentlemen were present to advise and assist in
the operation. Spongers, well saturated with
chloroform, were fastened to the end of long
staffs, and held to the tiger's nose. He broke
several of these, and seemed disposed, in this
unceremonious way, to disappoint all expecta
tions of success. For some time no opportunity
was afforded of performing the operation, but
when two pounds eight ounces of chloroform
had been used the animal was so far stupefied
as to induce Mr Taylor to commence. Still it
was a task very far from pleasant to commence
the operation. Ropes were got round the ani
mal's neck, and his head was drawn close to the
bars of the den, and the animal kept close down,
so as to prevent the struggles which he was ex
pected to make. By Mr Taylor's exertions,
also, smaller ropes were slipped over each of
the tigers paws, which not only rendered him
helpless, but were of use in pulling each paw as
wauted under the bars, to have the elawstSnrtru,
which was speedily done by the aid of a pair of
forceps. Since the operation he has continued
hearty. -J----
What is a Fop? A Mr Stark, in a lecture
before the Young Men's Association at Troy,
New York, thus defines a fop :
"The fop is a complete specimen of an outside
philosopher. He is oue-tnird collar, one-sixth
patent leather, one fourth walking-stick, and the
rest kid gloves aim nair. oi.s io nis remote an
cestry there is some doabt; but it js now pret
ty well settled tnac ne is a son oi a tailors
"oose. He becomes ecstatic at the smell of
new cloth. He is somewhat nervous, and to
dream of tailors' bills gives him the nightmare.
By his hair, one would judge he had dipped
like Achilles, but it is evident that the goddess
must have held him by the head instead of the
heel. Nevertheless, such men are useful. If
there were no tadpoles there would be no frogs
Thev are not so entirely to blame for being de-
voted to externals, rasie uiuuiuuus must nave
a splendid setting to make them sell. Only it
seems to be a waste of materials, to put five
dollars worth of beaver on five cents worth of
brains."
A cabin boy on board a ship, the Captain of
which was a religious man, wascaiieaup to be
whipped for some misdemeanor. Little Jack
went crying and trembling, and said to the
Captain: "Pray, sir, will you wait untm say
my prayers?" "Yes," was the stern reply.
"Well, then," replied Jack, looking up and
smiling triumphantly, "I'll never say tnem I"
FAYETTE VILL E, N. C
Oner Pacha.
Omer Pacha,, who . commands the
army of
the. Danube, is a native of Croatia, and was
consequently by birth an Austrian subject. He
was born in loui ai. lastvi, a viuage oimaicu
in the circle of Ogulini, 13 leagues from Fiume.
His family name is Lattas. His father was a
Lieutenant Administrator of the circle; his un
cle was priest of the United Greek Church.
Admitted when very young into the School
of Mathematics of Thurm, near Caristadt, in
Transylvania, and after having completed his
studies with distinction, the young Lattas enter
ed Juto the corps of the Pouts et Chausees,
which in Austria is organized on a military
footing.
1830J in consequence of a misunderstand
ing with his superiors he left for Turkey, and
embraced Islamism! Chosrew Pacha, who was
then Seraskier, too"k him uuder his protection,
procured him admission into the regular army,
and attached him to his personal staff, lie
even gave him Jiis ward in marriage, who was
one of the richest heiresses of Constantinople,
and the daughter of one of the Janissaries whose
head he had caused to be cut off in 1827, when
that corps revolted against the Sultan Mah-
moud. In ledd, Lattas, who bad taken the
Lname of Omer, was the chief of the battalion,
and was appointed aid-de camp and interpreter
to General Chrzanowski, who had charge of the
!nst.riift.inn nf th Ottoman trnnna . pnc.imnorl
near Constantinople?" Omer was thenceforward!
actively employed in the reorganization of the
Turkish army, and still protected by Chosrew
Pacha, obtained successively important missions
and command in the army.
The troubles of Syria and the Albanian in
surrection of 1846, gave him occasion to distin
guish himself, and attracted to him the atten
tion of the Sultan. He was sent to Kurdistan,
and succeeded in obtaining the submission of
that province, which was nearly independent
of the Porte. Named in 1848 to the command
of the army sent to the Dannbian provinces, he
made the authority of the Sultan respected,
while at the time he respected the susceptibili
ties and privileges of those provinces, placed as
they were under the double protection of Tur
key and Russia. The year of 1851 was the
most brilliant period of the military career of
Omer Pacha. Named Commander-in-chief of
Bosnia, the principal chiefs of which had refused
to recognise the Tanzimat, that is, the new or
ganization of the empire, he combatted success
fully, though with an inferior force, the Bej'S of
that country. At last he was sent to Montene
gro, where he found himself for the first time
commanding a regular army of 10,000 men.
The intervention of Austria, as is known, put
a term to that expedition before decisive ope
rations could be commenced. At the present
date Omer Pacha is at Schumla, at the head
of an army of nearly 100,000 men. He is de
scribed as displaying great activity in its organ
ization, and is occupied with fortifying the
country which may become the theatre of war.
Omer Pacha is about 52 years of age, below
the middle height, but with a martial expres
sion of countenance. He speaks with the same
facility in the Servian, the Italian, and the
German tongues. After the insurrection of
Hungary, he undertook the defence of the refu
gees whose extradition had been demanded by
Austria and Russia. He proceeded to Schum
la, where he made acquaintance with the prin
cipal refugees, and on his arrival at Constanti
nople he interfered zealously with the Sultan in
their favor. He took several with him to Bos
nia and Montenegro, and confided to them im
portant posts. , Some,of them have distinguish
ed themselves greatly, and have remained in the
service of Turkey.
Distressing Accident. We are pained to
learu that a melancholy accident occurred at the
Steam Saw Mill of Hiram Thompson, Esq., of
Davidson County. Mr Richmond Swisegood,
who was emplowed in tending the mill, after
adjusting the log, in the presence of Mr
Thompsom, was by some means brought into
contact with the circle saw, and in an instant.
before assistance could be rendered, his head
and both arms were severed from his body. Mr
Swisegood left a wife and two children.
We also learn that Mr Siseloff, of Davidson
County, likewise met with a serious accident
at his mill near Midway, Davidson County, los
ing an arm in a similar manner to that above
Noble Blood. Dickens, in his Child's his
tory of England, gives the following slap in the
face at some of the greatest of the nobility of
England. In Charles the second's time he says:
"The whole court was a great flaunting crowd
of debauched men and shameless women, and
Catharine's merry husband insulted and outrag
ed her in every possible way, until she consen
ted to receive those worthless creatures as her
very good friends, and- to degrade herself by
their companionship. A Mrs Palmer, whom
the King made Lady Castlemaiue, and after
wards Duchess of Cleveland, was one of the
most powerful of the bad women about the
court, and had great influence with the King
nearly all through his reign. Another merry
lady, named Moll Davis, at the theatre, was
afterwards her rival. So was Nell Gvvyn, first
an orange girl and then an actress, who really
had some good in her, and of whom one of the
worst things I know is, that she actually does
seem to have been fond of the King. The first
Duke of St. Albans was this orange girl's child.
In like manner, the son of a merry waiting lady,
whom the Duke created Duchess of Portsmouth,
became the Duke of Richmond. Upou the whole
it is not so bad a thinsr to be a commoner."
-
Kicking Horses. Mr Editor, It occurred
to me that a receipt published in your paper
for the cure of kicking horses, might be of much
service to persons afflicted w ith such dangerous
animals. The operation for cure to be com
menced as follows, to wit : Pnt on a headstall
or bridle, with twisted W., or twisted straight
bitts in the mouth of the horse to be cured, then
put on a common back-saddle, with thill las,
or any strap or girth, with loops on either side
of the horse, is equally good; then buckle a
pair of long reins, open in the middle, into the
bitts, and pass them through the thill lngs or
loops; one to each hind leg, above the fetlock
joint, there make each rein fast to the leg
allowing sufficient length of rein for your horse
to walk or trot, as the operator may think
proper. Every thing complete, you will have
the animal commence the operation of kicking
the first will be a smart kick, the second lighter
and so on till your horse cannot be made to kick
any more. By the above method many now
worthless horses may be made valuable.
Maine Farmer.
What are "Consols?" They are a three
per cent. English stock, which had its origin
in an act of the British Parliament, consolidat
ing (hence the name) several separate Govern
ment stocks called in the act "consolidated An
nuities," and commonly quoted for brevity as
"Consols." This stock from its amount and
the immense number of its holders, is more sen
sitive to financial influence, than any other and
is therefore the favorite stock for the operation
of speculators aud jobbers. Its dividends are
payable semi-annually.
Turnpike and Divorce
One winter there came to Trenton two men,
named Smith and Jones, who had both of them
designs upon the Legislature. Jones had a
bad wife, and was in love with another woman,
who, by the way, was a widow, with black eyes,
and such a bust! Therefore, Jones came to
Trenton to get a divorce. A
Smith had a good wife, plump as a turtle,
good as an angel, and the mother of ten chil
dren, aud Smith did not want to get a divorce,
but he did want to get a turnpike or plank road
from Pig's Run to Terrapin Hollow. Well,
they, with these different errands, came to Tren
ton, and addressed the assembled wisdom with
the usual arguments: 1st, suppers, mainly
composed of oysters, with a rich back ground
of venison; 2d, liquids in great plenty, from
Jersey lightning, (a kind of locomotive at full
speed reduced to liquid shape) to Newark
champagne. To speak in plain terms, Jones,
the divorce man, gave a champagne supper, and
Smith, the turnpike man, followed on with a
champagne breakfast.
Under the modifying influences of these ap
pliances, the assembled wisdom passed the di
vorce and turnpike bills; and Jones and Smith
went home rejoiciugfc over many miles of sand
and through the tribulation of many stage
coaches. Smith arrived home the next even
ing; and, as he sat down in the parlor, his lov
ing wite beside him, how pretty she did look!
ailiv'e of his children asleep overhead and
the other five studying their lessons in a cor
ner of the room. Smith was induced to expa
tiate upon the good results of his mission to
Trenton.
"A turnpike, my dear I am one of the di
rectors, and will be president ; it will set us up,
love, we can send the children to boarding
school, and live in syle out of the toll. Here
is the charter, honey."
"Let me see it," said the pleased wife, who
was one of the nicest of women, with plump
ness and goodness dimpled all over her face;
"let me see it," and leaned over Smith's shoul
der, pressing ber arm upon his own, as she look
ed at the parchment but all at once Smith's
face grew long. Smith's wife's visage grew
dark. Smith was not profane, but now he ripp
ed forth an awful oath, "D wife, those
infernal scoundrels at Trenton have divorced us!"
It was too true. The parchment which lie
held was a bill of divorce, in which the name of
Smith and Smith's wife appeared in frightfully
legible letters. Mrs Smith wiped her eyes with
the corner of her apron. "Here's turnpike,"
said she sadly, and with the whole ten children
staring her in the face, "I ain't your wife
here's a turnpike!"
"D n, the turnpike aud legislature, and
the !"
Weir the faet is, that Smith, reduced to sin
gle blessedness, "enacted" into a stranger to his
own wife, swore awfully. Although the night
was dark, and most of the denizens of Smith's
village had gone to bed, Smith bade his late
wife put on her bonnet, and arm iu arm they
proceeded to the house of the clergyman of their
church.
"Goodness, bless me!" exclaimed the mild
good man, as he saw them enter. Smith look
ing like the very last June shad, and Mrs Smith
wiped her eyes with the corner of her apron,
"goodness bless me! what's the matter!"
"The matter is, I want you to marry us two
right off," said Smith.
"Mary you!" ejaculated the clergyman with
expanded fingers, "are you drunk or crazy!"
"I ain't crazy, and I wish I was drunk," said
Smith despairingly. "The fact is, brother
Goodwin, that some scoundrels at Trenton, un
known to me, and at the dead of night, have
divorced me from my wife, the mother of nine
children."
"Ten," suggested Mrs Smith, who was cry
ing, "Here's a turnpike!"
Well, the good minister, seeing the state of
the case, married them over again straightway,
and would not take a fee.
The fact is, grave as he was, he was dying
to be alone, so that he could give vent to" the
suppressed laughter that was shaking him all
over.
And Smith and Smith's wife went home and
kissed every one of their ten children. The
little Smiths never knew that their father and
mother had been made strangers by legislative
enactment.
Meanwhile, and on the same night, Jones re
turned to his town Burlingtou, I believe, and
sought that fine pair of black eyes which he
hoped shortly to call his own. The pretty wid
ow sat by him on the sofa, a white handkerchief
tied carelessly about her round white throat, her
black hair laid in silky waves against each rosy
cheek.
"Divorce is the word," cried Jones, playfully
patting her cheek. "The fact is, Eliza, I'm
rid of the cursed woman, and you and I'll be
married to night. I know how to manage
these scoundrels at Trenton. A chaninao-np
supper, (or was it breakfast?) did the business
with them. Put on your bonnet and things,
and let us go to the preacher's at once dearest !"
The widow, who was among widows as peacl
us are among apples, put on the bonnet and
tooK Jones' arm, and.
"Just look how handsome it is put on parch
ment," said Jones, pulling the document from
nis pocket with much rustling, spread it before
iier. xiere is tne law that says that Jacob
Jones and Anna Caroline J ones rp two T.nnl-
at it." Putting her plump gloved hand upon
io oiiuuiuil one UIU lOOK. at It.
"Oh, dear!" she said with her rose-bud lips
". uai. nun miming on tne sofa.
"Oh, blazes!" cried Jones, and sank beside
her, rustling the fatal parchment iu his hand.
"Here's lots of happiness and champagne gone
to ruin!"
It was a hard case. Instead of being divorc
ed, and at liberty to marry the widow, Jacob
Jones was simply incorporated into a turnpike
company, aud which made it worse, authorized
with his brother directors to construct a turn
pike from Burlington to Bristol. When we
reflect that Burlington and Bristol are located
just a mile apart on the opposite side of the
river, you will perceive the extreme hopeless
ness of Jones' case.
"It's all the fault of the d J turnpike man
who gave 'em the champagne supper; or was it
breakfast?" "If they'd chartered me to build a
turnpike from Pig's Run to Terra nin TTnP
I might have borne it; but the very idea of
uuuuiug- a lumpiKe irom Jiurlington to Bristol
bears an absurdity upon the face of it " '
"So it did."
"And you ain't divorced?" said Eliza, a tear
rolling down each cheek.
"No!" thundered Jones, crushing his hat be
tween his knees, and pounding his head with his
fists, "I ain't divorced, but I'm incorporated
into a turnpike! aud what is worse the Legisla
ture is adjourned and gone home drunk, and
won't be back to Trenton till next year."
It was a hard case.
This mistake had occurred in the last day of
the session, when legislators and transcribing
clerks were laboring under the effects of a cham
pagne sapper, followed by a champagne break
fast. The name of Smith had been put where
Jones ought to be, and "wicy wercy," as the
Latin poet has it. i
"The Earth Is Wcarimr Out."
How often are agricultural improvers told
that. mnHmr n. : :.. i i i. ,f lu'U
. ...uiuvi tanu a in ner ueenne : Tl
ie earth'.
eanng out," says farmer Stan
is no use of improving the soil it
ue gone." u one where? We ask
i.uccuLig reader, it you are a bel
Piint.? Sinrtio l.HIo r. 1
avatar.
in tl?
, ; '"-v die uare, and na
an
"u'a tueir sterility. Other vail
are
eu, uutfeuu me eartti is ycunsr vonno- i h
.1 l.-.i. -xMl i 1 .
measure of years young in her capacity for in
creased production on every acre of her wide
domain. Every atom which the Creator cast
from his plastic bauds at the dawn of time still
has its visible existence somewhere on this rl JP
and is doing its part of the rc-production which
nature is so constantly employed in. Nothing
is wasted in nature's vast laboratory. The
dead leaves from the trees the withered grass
of the fields, all go to make up for those drains
which vegetation calls forth from the earth.
What if the mould of our new, hinds is washed
down the brooks aiid rivers, into the oceans
which encircles continents? . The sea, in return,
gives back its rich treasures to the land which
has been robbed, and though it comes from the
islands of the far South, it nevertheless contains
all the elements which are requisite to restore
the fields which have been exhausted by tillage.
The isa-i insutable .wisdom . in Providence
which is beyond mortal ken. Wherever nature
has a want, there will be an agent of supply
ready at hand. AVhenever it becomes the prac
tice of rural minds to apply the intellectual
force with which they are gifted, to devising
the proper remedies for natural defects of soil,
or wasted fertility, then may we expect to see
the earth bloom like a bride amongst youth, and
we will hear no more the unwelcome voice which
bids her sons despair, as they stand in the fur
rows of life. Yes, the earth is still young.
Glad and joyous in coming years will be the
march of time among her teeming vallies. Fields
ot golden grain aud snowy fleece, from her in
creased production, will cause the countless
millions yet to enter life, to bless those who
have not stood idle upon the sod. Let us be up
and doing. The bog, the marsh, and the fen,
sending forth the sorrows of pestilence and
death, can all be made to smile with health and
beauty. We must each do our part in the work
of local preservation. It is a mandate written
by Deity amongst the laws of nature, and he
who disobeys, instead of plenteous harvests,
reaps only disappointment and vexation of
spirit. Southern Agriculturist.
From the Jorthrrn Cullivatur.
Indei -Braining.
A correspondent (V. W. II., Trexlcrtown,
Pa.) who has never seen any under-draining,
wishes to tr an experiment on a piece of mea
dow lying on both sides of a small creek the
ground gravelly, and generally too wet to bring
good grass aud he desircspractieal directions
how to perform the work.
We can only give, at present, very brief hints
on the subject, as to treat it in full would re
quire a volume. Cut the drains as narrow as
the workman can stand in them, ar.d at least
three feet deep let them run directly down the
hill, so as to give rapid descent, which is es
pecially necessary in gravelly subsoil; for if
laid obliquely they will leak, ai d be compara
tively of little use. As tile cannot probably be
had by our correspondent, the drains may be
filled with stone or with brush, as may be most
convenient, thei former being most dnra"bler4Jic
latter more easily constructed. If much water
flows in the ditch, and the descent is moderate,
a free channel must be made for the water by
placing a row of stones on each side of lhe
ditch's bottom, leaving a ppace of two or three
inches between; across l oth of these rows flat
stones are laid, forming a covered channel. If
flat stones cannot be had, hard or durable slabs
will answer, but they will ultimately decay.
The ditch is then partly filled with small stones,
none being admitted half the breadth of the
ditch, 011 these straw or inverted turf is deposit
ed, and the rest of the space filled with the re
moved earth. But there are several precautions
to be observed, or the earth will soon fall in
among the stones. If the soil is clayey much
less care will be needed, however, than with
ghter sods, those approaching the character of
quick sands being most of all difficult to man-
ige and control. The precautions arc. to
place the smallest stones at the top, and flat
ones, if to be had, to close all cavities; and if
the soil has little clay in it, to cover these
stones with a lawyer off slabs, before placing on
the invested sods of straw. Also, if the soil is
light or gravelly, a smaller portion of the ditch
must be tilled with stones, than if much clayey;
because the water will find its way down through
the former more readily, at the same time that
the less tenacious soil will be more apt to fall
in among the stones if tlicj- are near the surface.
In either case, an abundant depth of soil must
be allowed for plowing freely over the drain.
When the streams are not copious we are in
clined to prefer, decidedly, the construction of
brush drains, in all places where plenty of brush
can be obtained; and these are more especially
suited for the use of such as may have had little
experience in under-draining, as they require
but little skill. The ditches are cut iu the same
way as for stone or tile, and are filled with brush
by commencing with the upper end and placing
the buts downwards and the tops upwards, and
WflL
levw
lea
impoverished, and refuse to put on nature's green
livery with which rich spots so exuberantly array
themselves. Trees and herbajre har,. cl
so proceeding down the ditch by depositing an .
even layer so as to fill it, the tops being ilius
left on the surfac, and the buts resting on the
earth. When pressed down, they will fill about
one-ihird or one-half of the ditch; they are then
covered with inverted turf, and the ditch com
pleted by refilling with earth. Brush drains
will last many years, the brush being excluded
from the air and decay; they are less liable to
obstruction from the tailing of the earth than
stone drains; & the water will always find ready
channels among the branches for flowing off.
A rapid mode of refilling with earth consists
in throwing it in with a common two-horse plow,
a long whifle-tree being used, so that the hors
es may walk on either side of the ditch. This
will be assisted by a tool made of two plank
fastened together in the form of the letter V,
and drawn open end forward, throwing the
earth toward the centre and into the ditch.
The digging may be facilitated by plowing a
wide double furrow where each one is intended
to be cut;and if this is done with the Double
Michigan plow, about one-third of the depth
will be excavated by the operation.
Where the whole surface of the field is too
wet, the drains should be cut at regular inter
vals of about three rods apart if the soil is
heavy. If only portions of the field are wet,
the drains should pass through those portions
and be furnished with such side branches as
may appear necessar7 remembering always to
give them as much descent as may be practica
ble. It should not be forgotten that a great
deal of land that appears quite dry would be
greatly benefitted by thorough underdraining,
as has been actually proved in repeated instan
ces. Draining often proves one of the lest securi
ties against drouth, by preventing the soil from
becoming packed together when wet, and bak
ing bard by drying; it renders it porous and fri
able, and highly retentive of moisture in drouth.
o
I