A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER-- Devoted ta Politics, the Markets, Foreign and Domestic News, Literature, Agriculture, ifnd General Information TWO DOLLARyj IN ! ADVANCE.
JiUVAX & YATES, ProprHfs.
FAYETTEVILLE, N."C SATURDAY, JULY 22,- 1854.
(fTiTTMP vn 803.
PRINTED BY WILLIAM fj YATES.
ii 0 15 I" 11 T K. D II Y A X"f jditor.
. f,
Terms or Subrhtio.i to the Sort tarolinlan :
For a single copy, if paid in advance, p nm 0(1
ut the end of ? months, 2 Su
nt lli; end of t mdiiths, 3 00
at the end of t ? J"ear' 3 :M
No subscription Mill I..; received for Aorter period
than on year unices aid in advance. i
With, the view of extending the cirlfdion and-enhancing
the use fid ties of tin; paper, th- jfoprietors of
fer the following; remarkably "01" '3
CLUB 11ATKS, JilABL YJJ M-D VAJCK:
5 copies of the Carolinian,-! yea'.l 00
Lett.rs on busim 'Ps conmH-te.fwith lie firm must be
addressed to the undersigned, and mw. be post paid.
'it
Hates or Advertising f
Sixty cents' per square of 1: lines f T flic first and
thirty eei.tt for each subsequent inser iJ. mless the
advertisement is pubF-hcd for more t! an. two mouths,
when il will In; charged ;t
For three months, - - - - pi O"
For six month. - - - - - . c 00
For twelve months. - - - - - ' 10 00
J. All ad ertis, iiienls must foe ham edin )y Friday
Hi .."( h.ek. a. m.. to ensure their insert cn in the next
day's paper, and s.l Id have the desirei number of in-
sertin is marked on them. orVle-rwise 1 iey will be in
sert, d till forbid and charged accordin. Iyt
BRYAvt YATES.
-TJ
.-.i a it is i. i: v c t o a Y,
v.y ;!:. i.ai'DEU. ,.
Nearly oppos'.te to 1'.. W. Will kings' Auction Store,
Fa elteville, X. C. I
o-t. 1. is.-,:',. ' y :i
v ti i n c;io hotel
Iia itig ri-.-'Miilv purchased the abo establishment
from M .l.:.m K-l'l v. u- -. I am now pi spared to enter
tain In a -:..ii!'...-ta'ble ma i ie r t hose wh may give me a
all. Having amj.L' -la'.' . good h -tiers and a dis
p.xilio.i t- aiv.mimolat-. 1 'rust I af- '"' ableto
give e:it:re nal i-!'aet io:i to those who m: f favor me with
their ii.W ro.i.i gc.
II. C. McLEAN.
!.f emb-r :. I ":'. 7Q-tr
('l,F-r.lKT O. W1UG1 T
Alloriiryal I.a 'ii yttc-viVe,3V. C.
OHiee :,t the (-..rner of I'.ow atid Gi ta .-treats.
Fei.'v :;. ls:;. : i
TilOSi: who are imlebf. ,1 to me by I ote or Account
w ill iea-- eti!e lie- s-.Miie. A ud all'dt its due me pri
or to the 1-t -J i : 1 " .- ISA:,, mu-t be scttlei as lo.iger in
dulgence 1 : i : 1 n . L be g. veil. . ."?
A. A. tcK ETHAN".
?).-t 1. is:,:',. tf ;
ic. .it- .iintcuisos.
O11101 ision :ni!l hNintiiV'llll'; Icrclmntj
WlI.MINoTON", X. C. I
J;l'iu:irv 7, 1 -S" 1 v , i
NOTICE. I
Th- FavetfM-ille le" House will be eaed daily for
the d.dlvery of le from 5 i to 7 o'cloc -, .A- M., com-iiiem-iug
Monday. iTlh in.-t. ;
T'eki'-i- for lei' are no v ready for sal at the store of
W. William- Co. N'o let- will 1 ; deilvered ex
cept to ;':ek-ts. as it is not intended to keep any 11c
eo:i:itJ. V.'iien ealh'd on !o deliver Te Olits'de of the
ti iie '; i'-il a'ei. e. do.:!!e tlie regula- price will be
'charged. JOIW 1). WILLIAMS.
April I--.!. 8 tf
aui! icrrrntAL.
have rec-'iv. 1 ir usual stock of1 FARM I 7G
Y
IMS'LEM E"TS. such as i'iou-rhs. llarrc vs. Cultivators.
tVe. A". ' J. & T WADD1LL.
A new 2 hor-e Wagon, complete, f r sale.
V
1 .v.
J. t T. W.
Jajiks ('. Smith. Hilks Costix.
.lMl.S f. SMITH &. JO.,
( iiiixstH-n TiTchani ,,
Have removed t heir ollice to the sect id Vfory of the
building formerly occupied by the Tele raph Company,
where ihev are prepared to attend to al business in the
Commission line.
All bus-nes.- entrusted to them will bd punctually
att-uded to. 4
Wilmington. Jan'v 1 t. 1854. tii-ly
S2 REWARD.
On the 1st day of January. 153, I hit
Robert io John A. Wdiiams. Esij- som
following he left Mr WUlhuns. and 1 h
lieve w:-.s lurking iu the Xeighhorhood
but now I 1) "lieve hj has been kidnap:
bv some villain. Said Roy is of blacl
between l'i and 11 years old. .pitte an a
ing little iVlhnv. ami no doubt can tell :
tal". I will give th" above reward for
me. or co!i!iuem"!tt in any Jail, so
a"ain. or 8..VJ if arrested out of the St
him. JAS. EVAN
March 11, 1854. 81 tf
dll Roy named
fme in FelTy
eason to foe
Tfayetteville, edt or decoyed
complexion, is
tiye good look
very plausible
hi4 delivery to
hat I get him
ite-'so that I get
J, jCIuardiau.
i
FlKfV DilbLAKS ItEWVRO.
TIi" above reward will be given, to ji person who
will deliver to me my negro woman AXjLV. who ab
sconded about the lithof Xovember . i.st or for her
conliuement iu any jail in this State st.that I can get
her again. Said negro S- of bright injilajCo eoinplex
io i. sjvaks clearly and more properbj: tlian negroes
usuallv do, and is rather below the meciniji size.
It is supposed that she is lurking ab,nt (Jie vicinity
of Favette ville. aided ly the celebrate' SfnjVn Blue of
harboY'ntg notoriety. She may attempt Ito pass as a
free person among the numerous free lutattoes about
Favetteville. '$
ALEX. MCMILLAN.
Dundarroch, Robeson county, j ; s
April 26. 185 1. J ? 1-11
U A V II) M c I UPFKr,
RRICK MASON AND -PLAi TEREK,
KajHIerilif, Jf. C. f
Persons wanting work done in h ;' fine will be
promptly attended to by addressiug bin a the Favette
ville i'ost Office. i
Favetteville. Jan y 2s. 1S..4 ly.jvl
IIOUHKICK SHAW J
IN "'RECTO I! OF TIM HER 'AND IX MR Eli.
Wll.MINol-oN, X. C,
"Will "ive T'l-unpt attention to any bus,, m t,l,?s line
int rusted to him- 1 le solicits a share of p; bMc patronage.
Wilmington. May 3. 1851. 2m'
lV (lnTi-TrD, RlCEj I35.-1. all other
articles in the Grocery line, for J
' aon
. .... a rv-&r
BOUATV LAXU
The Su.seribers will pay the highest market price
for Laud Warrants. Apply to & MART,XR
Hay street, near the I'ost Ollice.
Jute 2 1. 18.". 1 V,M
faSi?- A School TeaeheTs'
Convention will hi
Iw.l.l lit. I 1 -ll'l iiirhui u A I in
the village ot Car-
boiiton, on tlic second Saturday ot August. n"
ject is to form a Teachers' Association for promoting
the cause of education in Moore. Speeches tin appro
priate subject may be expected. Mr Harrington pro
poses to give a .'.inner on the occasion. All teachers
iu the County, both Male and Female, are respectfully
invitt to attend. Hour of mectioir. 1( o'clock.
A. R. BLACK.
DA XL. McIXTYRE.
J,i.io2i. y:) 7t CYRUS HAKRIXGTOX.
SPKIXG IMPOllTAI IOAS FOR 1854.
STARR & WILLIAMS, ?
"Wholesale .dealers in Foreign and Domestic
DRY GOODS,
Hats, Bonnets, Boots, Shoes, Umbrellas, and
J 'end y-HIadu Clothing,
HAY STREET, FAYETTEVILLE, X. C,
Invite the attention of their customers, and the trade
generally, to a very Miperior Stock of
SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS,
Which they will sell at prices sis low as to he found in
any market South of Mason and Dixon's line, to pur
chasers who pay promptly or buy for ca.-h.
Merchants will find in this market good stocks, and
at prices which cannot fail to please.
March. 7, 1851 -
i
CEDAIl FALLS Cotton YarnirSiTeet-
iiis for sale jy
Xov 12. 1 8.":5 v
TKOY & MAR SIT.
. .St. 1) I! litVASU).
Runawav from the subscriber, his Xegro men, ,TOIIX
ami T()15EY. John is about 2(1 years old. C fjet 1 inch
high, weighs about 185 or 1!!0 lbs. Tobey aged about
tl yearss 5 feet i:ich-s high, stout, and weighs 175
lbs. They were bought from Mr James Surles. of Cum
berland county, and will probably he lurking in that
neighborhood Tobey has a wife at Mr Richard I5ird:s.
in John.-toa County. Fifty Dollar;-- for either, or one
hundred Dollars for both, will be paul for their appre
hension and delivery to the subscriber, or for their con
finement in any Jail in the State, so that he can get
them. An additional sum of One Hundred Dollars will
he paid for the conviction of any person of harboring
the above Negroes.
JOI1X CO LEY.
Fair Ruff, Columbus Co. X. C, Oct. ti. fj:?-tf
I 'Z OO ACUES OI LAXI) I' OK SAIiE.
The subscriber otters for sale twelve hundred acres
of Land, located in the lower end of Richmond county.
It is about eiii- list ant from Floral College, Lauren
burg High School, and Laurel Hill. The Land is well
adapted to the growth of corn, cotton, wheat, Ac. It
also offers great inducements to those engaged in the
turpentine a nd lumber business. 1 have constituted
Alexander McLean. Esq. my agent, during my absence,
to whom all communications in regard to the matter
may be addressed at CJilopolis P. O.. Robeson county.
Luther Dine, who resides near to the premises, will take
pleasure in exhibiting them to any one who may call
for that purpose. J. CI. BLUE.
Oct. TI, . C-i-tf
TO 31 1 I.I. OWSEKS.
The subscriber takes this method of informing his
friends and the public that he still continues in the Mill
Wright business and all its branches, viz: foundering,
framing, and erecting Water or Steam Mills upon vari
ous principles, either with simple or complicated ma
chinery, lie returns his thanks to the public for the
liberal patronage he has received heretofore, and hopes
by strict attention to business, and by giving general
satisfaction, to merit a continuance of the same. He
Skitters himself that his work will compete with that of
any other machinist for speed and durability. All per
sons who want work done in the above line would do
well to give him a call, as he has several competent
workmen in his employ, and is prepared to execute all
jobs at the shortest noi'ce a;id on very reasonable terms.
Orders promptly attended to. For further information
address the subscriber at Johnstown, Moore count v,
NT. C. D. R. JOIIXSOX."
Xovember lfi. 18A3 y-;)d.
tiir.i.'s pus I'lntA ntHKisii.
The Subscriber, a jiractlcal Root-nmker of some ex
perience, has for some time been sensible that there is a
l xhh ritim to be yet supplied to the public in the way
of a suitable burnish for boots and shoes. Most of the
irfcles now used either injure the leather or fail to
impart that lustre so necessary to give to man's ' un
:le rxtuni! hi g a proper fmi.- !i. lie has therefore, dur
ing the last twelve mouths, been devoting himself to
the task of preparing an article free from these objec
tions, and lias at length after much investigation and
experiment completely succeeded. The result is Hill's
ne. plus ultra. Burnish."1 He only wishes that it
may be tested in order to establish its superiority
over all others. Call at M. Fauik's shop opposite Mr
Lauder's Marble Factory. Hay street, and lie supplied
with an excellent article at a cheap rat".
THOMAS (3 ILL.
Xov 9. !8.-:: tf
NOTICE.
THE subscriber ofers for sale, his LANDS, six miles
North of Eayetteville. and about one mile from the
Fnyctteville and Raleigh Flank Road, consisting of
about twelve hundred and sixty acres of land, suited
to the making of Turpentine or Timber. There is also
on the premises, a good Saw and Grist Mill, all in good
repair and now in operation ; also, a Dwelling, and all
tin; necessary outhouses, iu good repair.
Also", another tract of two hundred and ti ft y acres, on
the head waters of Carver's Creek, known as the Tarry
I Mace, on which there is a small Farm, a Dwelling House
and other houses.
On the first mimed tract, there is cut about twenty
live thousand Turpt-'itiue Roxes, from two to four years
old.
All the above lands will be sold on the most accom
modating terms, l'crsoiis wMiing to purchase, will
please call on the subscriber, who will take pleasure in
showing the above lauds.
WM. R. ROLTOX.
Oct. 27, 185:5. 65-tf
PIMPS-
Force and Suction Rumps: Sheet Lead
and Lead
Ripe, for sale by
W. ANDREWS,
Market Square.
April 1.
tf
Thtse Pills urr rtalirely Vrgetnlilc, aiid are a
inoit superior Mc.liciiic iu tti cure ef all JSilious Com
1'ltlintx. Vhills umt I-'t-rrr. tyx)M ir. 't'Sfirtwzs. Liver (TirtupJaint,
Jaimdii'e. Sid: I'r-iil'iclir. Sfm'wla. &tlt lfhzuiii. Ji-rrrs of all kinds,
l.nit of Apiirtite, Obstructed und puhrful Staislrwxtvtn, and all
yrriny disntisfs.
As n Female Me.lirin. llioy not like a charm, arid wrieQ talicn
according to the (Hixrti.ns, they never fail to curj the worst
cnsn of Ptlen. aftr all other r.-medies fail.
Tlicy purify tlte blnoil. ecjiializc tlie clrcnla"
lion, restore I lie Lircr, Kidneys, and other Se"
iretory Oi-iCHiis, l u lienltliy time and action:
mul nK mi Anti-tiiiious l-'ainiiy Medicine Ihi-y have no equal.
I'riee 5 ceuts per box.
Also
A r.mt4y fur Coujhx. Otitis. Catarrh. Umnchitis, CVorp, "Whooping
t-irnr$$, KrtfsijwUts. Disease of the, Jfeoy-f, Inflammation and Pttxn
in Vf? tVif.t. H'tt'L- oti'i V'r. a?ti all diseases arising from a de
rartat'd state. rf the Stomach. oid to retiere. the distress and bad
Jttliny from siting too heart j fod, in weak and dyspeptic habits
WARRANTED TO EE PURELY VEGETABLE.
These Pills act hr an Expectorant. Tonic, and Aperient. One
25 cent box possesses three times more power to cure diseases
than a one dollar bottle of any of the Syrups. Halsatni", or Sarsa--jMualUi.
thiil wcic ever uiaile : aud a jimple trial ot'ooly oa bax-
'tmmUt, u mt M AMfcWOW !' I ilMn I II
Tlicy promote Expect oral Ion, I. no Ken the
Phlegm, and Clear I lie T. niis and other Secre"
lory Organs, of all morbid matter, and there is
not. arother rein. si in the whole Materia Medica eanable of
impartinir such healing i.rni'eriies to the Lumrs and A'ital Or
P" these 1'ilN. Tliey Cure Cost i i-rncss, prodnce
a good, regular Appetite, and Strengthen the
system.
I'riws j: cents per tox. c.ntaiiiins 25 dos-es nf Medicine.
Call on the A -. nt. who .-o-n the l'ills. and iret the IVantert
Mmunac on ti-.. ivin inll particulars and certiricates of cures.
Uotb kin Is of the ahove-nam.-d I'iiU are for s:tic in
Every Town and Village In Xortli and South
Carolina
Tn Favetteville by SAM'L J. HINSDALE and J. X.
SMTTH.
June 1". 1854
3m
CHAKI.I-:; HANKJi,
CONFKCTIOSF.il ,
FAYETT E VILLE, X
September 18, 1S5;
rAYETTEVILLB, N. C.
8 The River and ITarbor bill passed the.l
House of Representatives on the 13th inst., by
a vote of 96 to 10, with all the various amend
ments. It appropriates about two and a half
millions of dollars for the improvement of rivers
and harbors generally.
James T. Miller, Esq, has been appoint
ed, by the President, Collector of the Customs
at Wilmington, N. C.vice Win. C. Bcttonrt,
resigned
Jafaxesk Civilization and Ecropea- Bar-barism.-
On the death of Robert Williams,, a
marine serving on board the Mississippi, off the
coast of Japan, Commodore Perry applied, to
the authorities of the enipire.for permission to
bury his comrade ashore. The boon was at once
granted; a grave dug, and the funeral cortege
invited to land. It proceeded unmolested
through a. large village, and was accompanied
to the grave by a large concourse of natives,
who behaved with the utmost decorum and
propriety. Contrast this with the conduct of
two Euroncan countries in the like case the
I Papal States and Spain. In neither of these
' countries are Protestants suffered to peform the
j rites of Christian burial over their dead in open
day or in large cities. 1 lie Protestant dead are
buried at night and by stealth at Madrid; and
at Rome, the only Protestant chapel is outside
tin; walls, and every now and then, is threatened
to be shut. Could not a few Japanese be sent
to Spain and Italy to teach the natives of those
regions sense and toleration ? Ar. V. Herald.
Diamond cut Diamond. A Yankee and a
Southerner were playing poker on a steamboat:
" I haven't seen an ace for sometime," re
narked the Southerner.
41 Well, I guess you haint," said the Yankee,"
but I can tell you where they are. One of them
is up your shirt sleeve thtre, and the other
three are in the top of one of my boots."
The Richmond (Virginia) papers state that
there are undoubtedly a few cases of cholera in
that city.
SMITIIVILI.E SCHOOL..
The session of this school commenced 0:1 the Cth of
July.
Tuition per session of 20 weeks. $20. Hoard can be
had convenient to the school-room. Xo deduction
made for absei.ee. unless in cases of protracted illness.
WM. li. LYNCH.
FARQUHARD SMITH,
JXO. C. SMITH.
WM. T. SMITH.
Managers.
July 15th. 185J. 802-21 pd.
DISS3I.l;TIOSI AND NEAV PIKM.
The firm of I'carce & I'cmbcrton was dissolved on
j the 1st inst.. by mutual consent. And J. R. Ferguson
i having purchased the interest of T. 11. l'cnilierton, the
j business will hereafter be conducted under the name
! and st vie of
j l'EARCE A- FERGUSON.
I at the Store lately occupied by I'carce & Feniberton.
; July 15, 1854." 802-.'it
LAID FOR SALE.
! On Saturday the 5th day of August next, I. shall
offer for sale at the Court House in Lumbertou, a
1 very valuable Tract of LAND, lying on Lumber River
and Rear Swamp, near the line of the contemplated
i Railroad from harlbtte to Whitcsville. it being the
1 tract whereon Alfred Riggs now lives, containing
432 acres. Title warranted as to all except 4 1 acres.
j A'so, two well-broke MULES. 3 years old.,
Terms: Credit until 1st-Jan'y next, at which time
; possession of the land will be given, payment required
and a deed executed. Possession of the Mules will be
; given at the time of the sale.
Ronds with good security will be required.
R. E. TROY, Trustee.
July 15. 1824.
802-3t.
AV1LMA3I II. MAKSH,
Commission mul ForwariHng Merchant
W.VTKK STKKKT,
WILMINGTON, X. C.
Usual advances made on consignments.
Julv 15, 1854 802-tf
j SETTLEMENT.
! Those indebted to the subscriber will please call and
j settle. There are a good many bills for Corn, Hay,
iVc. ( wlitcu are cash articles.) standing 0:1 book.
T1IO. J. JOIIXSOX
July 15th. 1854. 802-4 1
18 5 4.
SPRING CI O O D S .
The undersigned are now receiving, and expect to
have their entire Stock in store by the 13th instant, of
skaoxahi.e goods,
Embracing a great variety of
FOREIGN' AND DOMESTIC DRY GOODS,
Hats, Caps, Ronnets, Umbrellas, Parasols,
Roots and Siioks,
Foolscap and Letter Paper,
Rlank Rooks, Rolting Cloths, &c. &c. &c.
AVith an extensive assortment of
RE A BY-MADE CLOTllIA'G,
And Foreign and Domestic Hardware.
All of which they otter to the trade at LOW PRICES
an 1 upon accommodating terms.
("urchasers will tind it to their interest to give the
above Stock an examination before making their selec
tions.' HALL &, SACKETT.
March 8, 1854
TEAS ! TEAS ! !
Hyson. Imperial and Rhick Teas, of superior quali
ty, just received and for sale by
J. X. SMITH.
June 24. 1854 Sm
IlAHltlNGTOVS
MALE AND FEMALE SCHOOL.
CYRUS HARRINGTON, Principal.
Miss Asx Mahgaket McEachix, Teacher in the Fe
male Denartment.
I III a i
The Third Session of the School opens July the
17th. and closes December 1st.
Reports respecting Scholarship and Deportment will
be sent out semi-ainiiiall v. and no student found to be
of a bad character will be permitted to remain in the
Institution.
A course of Religious Lectures will be delivered be
fore the students.
Roard from 56 to 7 50 per month. The subscriber
has ample accommodations, and desires to take all the
Female Hoarders into his own family.
Tuition in both Departments $8, $10. S12 50 to SI5
per Session. Kxtm Music on Piano Forte, with use
of instrument. .-$20 ; Drawing, Fainting, Embroidery
and French. $5 each.
For further particulars address the Principal or
either of the Teacherf--.'
Cakiso:-.to.v, Juno 24, ISol. S'J-lOt
IMPHVESCJT OF C1PE FCAB. RIVER
Proceedings in the House of Representatives on
. L- Manda 0 July 10, 1 854 .
IM$t ASHE. I offeTthefolIovJngresolntion:
lcsolved, That the" rules of the House be
suspended, and that "the Committee of the Whole
House be discharged from th further considera2
tibn'of Senate bill No. 202, making an appro
priation for the removal of obstructions from the
mouth of Cape Fear river. '
Mr Cobb. , I ask for tellers on that resolu
tion. ivMr Jones, of Tctrbessce. I call for the yeas
and Harris, o f AT -5rtfpporn t ed .
-JThe-qaestion was then taken: and the tellers
reported ayes 100, noes 13.
So- the rules were suspended.
The question was then put upon the motion
to discharge the committee, from the further
consideration of the bill; and it was agreed to.
The bill was then read by its title, as follows:
An act making appropriation for the im
provement of the Cape Fear river, North
Carolina,
Mr Ahe. I move to suspend the rule which
requires' this bill to be first considered in the
Committee of the Whole on the State of the
Union, j
The question was taken, and (two-thirds
voting in favor thereof) the rule was suspended.
The question recurred on ordering the bill to
a third leading.
Mr Ashe. Mr Speaker, the best return I
can make to the House for the generous vote
they hatre given me in taking up this bill, and
in discharging the Committee of the Whole
from its consideration, will be the extreme bre
vity of the remarks I shall submit upon its merits.
I will dispense with the reading of the memo
rial of the citizens of Wilmington, presented by
me, under the rule, in the early part of the ses
sion; but I will read the resolutions unanimous
ly adopted by the largest convention ever as
sembled in that State, representing, as it did,
the chief interest of the State. This conven
tion was presided over by his Excellency, the
Governor of the State, Hon. David S. Reid :
"Resolved, That the General Government,
by the erection of jetties on Oak Island for the
protection of the fortifications there, aud the
consequent washing away of the sands upon the
opposite point of Bald Head, aud their deposit
upon the main bar of Cape Fear, has been the
cause of great and lasting injury to the commerce
of North Carolina.
"Resolved, "therefore, That we may rightly
appeal to the Government, - and we do appeal
to it by all the .claims of magnanimity and jus
tice, to undo what it ha done to our injury, and
to-restore what it has taken from us.
'-. "Resolved, That, in the judgment of this
convention, the improvement of the Cane-Fear.
by closing of the New Inlet, is a. work national
in its character, constitutionally unobjectionable,
feasible, at a cost far below comparison with
the benefit of its results, of equal importance to
the ship-owner and underwriter of the North,
and the merchant and farmer ofthe South, and
of vital necessity to the commercial interests
of this State; and, moreover, that it would ol
viate, at a great saving of expense to the Gov
ernment, all necessity for completing the plan
already adopted, and as yet but partially ex
ecuted, for the fortification and defense of Cape
Fear harbor."
I will also mention that, independent of these
highly respectable appeals to the justice of Con
gress in favor of this work, the last Legislature
of North Carolina unanimously adopted resolu
tions instructing their representatives to urge
upon Congress its execution. These are strong
appeals; too strong, I hope, to be disregarded
by this body.. Before I more fully enter into
my arguments, I will dispose of one or two pre
liminary objections which may be urged against
the passage of the bill. It will be doubtless in
quired why, if this work is of so much impor
tance, did the Committee on Commerce report
adversely to the passage of the bill? In reply
to this objection, I feel authorized to state that
the adverse report of the committee was not
founded upon any want of merit in the bill, but i
upon the fact that the committee haa determin
ed to report a general river and harbor bill, and
for that reason a majority of jts members thought
it would be incongruous to report a separate
and distinct bill lor any work whatever. ' The
honorable chairman informed me, in the pre
sence of the committee, that this work appeal
ed more strongly to the justice of Congress than
an- other they had before them. As evidence
that this was t he feeling of the committee, I am
informed that there is a liberal appropriation
for this very work contained in the general bill
which they have reported.
It may be, then, inquired why did I not con
sent to make this a portion of the general bill?
Why make an exception in favor of this work?
If the memorial had been read, the House would
have observed that this work is now being car
ried on by funds raised by private subscriptions.
The former appropriation made by Congress had i
been exhausted, and the works, being lett in an
unfinished state, were exposed to daily destruc
tion; and, to avoid that misfortune, the patrio
tic and enterprising citizens of Wilmingtou
raised such an amount of money as the officers
j iu charge of the work reported was necessary
to continue its execution until the end of the
i fiscal vear. That time has now elapsed, and
yet this general bill has not been acted upon ;
aud if this bill is not soou passed, another draft
must be made upon the patriotism and enter
prise of my people. I would submit that in
this there would be neither fairness nor justice.
Hence my unwillingness to defer this measure
until a arencral bill could be passed. Some of
required? ' In reply to this qnestioh,I will state,
that if there existed any reasonable hope that
Congress would authorize the laying of such
dutiesforthispnrpo.se, I would preterit; but
your records will show that I have made attempt
after attempt to have this done, but always with
out success. Indeed, I know from experience that
if such ameasure should pass this House, it would
certainly fail in the Semite. Then, this resource
being closed, what other alternative is left to us
but an appropriation by Congress?
Some of my friends, knowing my strong op
position to any enlargement of the powers of the
Federal Government, may be surprised at my
advocating a bill of this character; but I say
to them, that I have never considered it an !
assumption of power on the part of the Govern
ment to undertake works national, or, more
properly speaking, general in their character.
Your revenue is derived from importations, and,
as long as this is done, so long is : it your duty,
iu one way or another, to remove such obstruc
tions as necessarily impede or prevent importa
tions. AVIfy-doyou have buoys ou your rivers;
breakwaters on your bays; beacons and light
houses on your coasts? All of these improve
ments rest upon the same principle, the strength
of which must be acknowledged as long as your
motiey is collected-from importations. But, Mr
Speaker, another consideration presents itself to
my iijjna,wjijcfl has Ajstrong, direct beanog on
A. M- Z - : " ,- a , . vl I
own, and, naU 6nseQiienct::lifi enclosure
jurisdyi.tidn of the localities where these im
provements are being established; arid I twill,
submit, if the Federal Government has not the
power to carry them on, who has? The State
of North Carolina has parted with her owner
ship, and, of course, she has no right. For this
purpose she could not lay a stone or drive a pile
without being a trespasser upon soil over winch
the General Government has exclusive juris
diction. Now, Mr Sneaker, I will discuss the merits
of the bill, and, if not much
be able to show the House,
cial, but 111 a military point
will be highly important.
guage of the Engineer Department, that "the
work is thoroughly national." I will read ex
tract from their report, with the letter of
Superintendent Bache, addressed to me upon
this subject :
Engineer Department, Washington, )
February 8, 1854.
Sir . In reply to the letter of Hon.T. J. D.
Fuller, chairman of Committee on Commerce,
House of Representatives, dated 6th instant,
referred to this office for report, I have the
honor to inclose herewith extracts from the let
ters of Captain D. P. Woodbury, Corps of En
gineers, dated January 23 and February 3,
1854, showinglhe progress made, up to this
time, with the works for the improvement of the
Cape Fear bar, and their present . condition.
1 regard the proposed improvement as prac
ticable, and as an object of national importance.
Mr Fuller's letter is returned herewith.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully,
your obedient servant.
JOS. G ROTTEN B. BRIGHT,
United States Engineer.
Hon. Jefferson Davis, Secretarv-of War.
Coast Survey Offick, July .6, 1854.
Dear Sir : -In reply to your question as to
the danger of postponing action at the Cape
Fear, I have the honor to state, that the main
bar is constantly deteriorating, and that the
longer the work is delayed, the more difficult it
j must be to remove thu obstruction. Since the
survey m lbol, the main bar has shoaled nearly
or quite two feet. The general fact is, that as
the main bar shoals, the western channel and
the new inlet increase in depth, so that the
channel, which it is desired to stop, the new
iulet, increases in depth, (ley the bar being
pushed further out to sea,) while the main bar
decreases, making bad worse! Too prompt
measures cannot be taken to remedy this disas
trous state of things. The longer it is delayed,
the greater will be the cost ; and there is great
risk that beyond a certain point enterprise mnv
be "too late."
Verv respectfully vours,
A. D. BACHE.
Hon. W. Ashe, House of Reps.
Another report, from the same source, further
informs us that there was once over tweutv
feet water on the Cape Fear bar, where now
only nine or ten are found. This is indeed
alarming, and brings immediately to our minds
the question, will not our Government sutler in
its revenue if these obstacles are allowed to in
crease, or to even remain as they are? A
glance at the situation of that town will offer us
a satisfactory solution of this question. There
are new completed, or in rapid construction,
six hundred miles of railroad, converging at
Wilmington. In consequence of this improve
ment, we find the exports increasing from
$1,200,000 iu 1840, to 0,000,000 in 1853;
and, sir, the most prudent aud sagacious of our
merchants calculate, that in five years after the
completion of this improvement, its exports
annually will amount to SI 5,000,000; but, of
course, Mr Speaker, these calculations are
based upon the removal of these" obstructions
at the bar. If they are allowed to'continue,
the farmers of North Carolina will have to look
elsewhere for a shipping port, and that city, dis
tinguished as it is for its patriotism and enter
prise, will soou have "its days numbered."
Our products heretofore have been shipped
principally coastwise. Every Atlantic State
participates in our trade. Maine looks to us
for the best of her ship-building materials; Bos
ton, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore,
are dependent on us for their naval stores. Sir,
I you cannot visit one of these cities without be
ing struck with the great contribution made by
the trade of Wilmington to their wealth and
prosperity. These cities arc fully aware of the
importance of this trade, and hence each of
them, I believe, expressed its warm solicitude
in favor of these improvements at our bar dur-
inir the last session of Congress. But, Mr
Speaker, whatever may have been the-amount
of interest which those cities have had hereto
fore iu our trade, it will be but "as a mote to a
beam" as to its future. In the single article ol
coal, it is calculated that this interest will L.
immeasurably increased. The city of New York
has already invested nearly a luilf a million oi
dollars in onr coal fields. Boston is not much
behind her in this new enterprise. This ma-
SlSaSSSaSi
manufacturers, and to - steam navigation will
be soon poured into their markets in the great
est abundance, of a quality the very best, and
at a price one half of what it now commands.
I have before me the reports of the most emin
ent geologists, and they are replete with the
evidence of these facts; aud if the House will
bear with me a moment, I will have their opiu
iou read. I will first read from Ernmous's re
port, our State geologist :
"The two varieties of coal, the bituminous
and semi-bituminous, passing into anthracite,
are known in this coal field. The bituminous
is scarcely equalled for fineness and excellency
in this country, and it has been said by a gen-
I
wh
well acquainted with L'veJ10
11 born twice as long. A direct
5 not4 been made, to my kmr-
. i. t.oilh in
coal, that i
comparison?
ledsre, but
. thft assert on lias niucn uu-
it, I have nA'.cmbtf
"The River coal is, in the first place,
quite free fi smut; it does not soil the lingers
but in a tri r degree. It burns freely, ana
forms a col ii: or it undergoes a semi-fusion, and
agglutinattf f nd forms a partially impervious
noilow cokK? ithm which combustion goee.
for a long
When a small pile ot it is
ground, it may be ignited by a
w dHr Jeiives or sticks. It may
Jaara lamp or candle.
v WJaiglily combustible, easi
?j e.witha bright' flame like,
'sl g time. i.Jfc may-.be burnt.
made upon
match aipi
be ignited.
rjjcoat 11
ligHtwood,
mon fire-jd'
gentlemen f
a b'lacksmil
their parloa
uiioii h nni
J iinav be burnt, in me com-.
a if A-is noka little, strange thit J
haw used it ionnanY years, m
forgl, should not have used it in .
istead of green black oak.
. adanted to all the purposes for
rins coi 5
which the tlKininons coals are specially em
ployed. Tlv for the manufacture of the car
burretted Irjjji rogen, for lighting streets and
houses, therer ; no coal superior to it. It will
require less c tense for furnishing it, because
a - - .
sul-
tho
a mo
ill
furnish a larg amount of gas, and that winch
is, comparativ ly, pure. This advantage is one
of great importance. It should also be stated
that it furuish'san excellent coke, which may
be used fori riunufacturing purposes; and as it
is left very'p ons, it is in a condition to absorb
a large quitnliy of the solution of cyanide of
potassium ; ah I hence, is well adapted to the
work of recluc ig the metals. It is scarcely
necessary tb aid, that it is admirably adapted
to steaiuingV, inasmuch as its llaine is free and
durable. lor forge use, it is not surpassed by
any coal in njf: rket; ami for parlor grates, it is
both pleasant .economical, and free from dirt.
If a chimney 'as a poor draft, it is liable to the
objection cgfli'iou to all coals of this kind the
escape of sJt into the room,"
Dr. J ac llit is not less decided iu his opinion
as to the tite of these coal fields. He savs:
"The inifK iate object of this report, is to
bring distinjttl' into view the importance of tho
coal mines 6fj'eep River, which are destined to
furnish no vJli onsiderable amount of fuel for
steam navifcitt)n, and for various manufactur
ing cstablir. Mits.
"The ex'':cc of large beds of good bitu
minous con f i a region accessible to boat navi
gation, is aktivtter of universal congratulation;
and no onetA at first fully appreciate the ad
vantages tfii" will ultimately arise from n dis
covery of tin.- kind. North Carolina is there
fore peeulTuvl. fartmiato in possessing suell
mines, so cei v-nientfy situated.
"The e:i:iit bituminous coals of Deep
River wil,.. .' vays command the highest juices
in the mar"4 ' and I should adv ise that the
Un 11 i 1 U II 1 ii iiiutnvii, - -----
r
uest coais oinr snouui oe sent to a distant niar-
ket, and th
ground, to be
of the works'
poorer qualities be kept on the
sedfor driving the steam-engines
and for local uses at steam s aw
mills ana lor;
es, there being a large local de
coals." i examined the situation of these
ig, as they do, immediately on
mand for c'
All who li
coal fields
the Cape Feai.river, agree that coal can be de
livered at thei town of Wilmington, or anv
other poinffit i tide water, at less than $2 50
per ton.
Now. whl
ve call to iiiind that the average
anges from six to seven dollars
tr northern cities, these extracts
price oi coi
per ton in j
should satisf
their Representatives of the
re the removal of the obstruc
:iver would be to their imuiedi
;. With a restoration of twenty
he bar, vessels of such tonnage
our coal trade, which u miLl -.
great odvan
Hons iroin oil
ate constitutii
feet water oh
could, engage
cheapen its kh isportat ion, that Boston, in the
way of fuel 'hb ie, 0ould save annually $200,
000; Provide c, in Rhode Island, $100,000.
The city o:N;w York save to her consumers
one half mil Cot, of dollars worth of coal. But
however imfeorant this new supply of coal may
be to our iioitliern cities, it is not a whit less
so to our IfJ.vcrnmeiit. Independent of its
forges and wCk-shops, the Government con
sumes annua IJy' thirty tl iousuiid tons of coal ou
her steamships, and for which it pays seven dol
lars as prime Cest. Our coal can and will be
delivered at tli Government depots at two dol
lars per ton, tfc-'reby f-aving every year the sum
of $150,000 tpi the Government. " In order to
satisfy the lllse I do not exaggerate the im
portance of j$ise coal fields, I will read a por
tion of the ajinial report of the South Carolina
North Eastern. Railroad Company, wherein the
President sajfsv
"We cam'-lose without brief reference to
the advantar of a road from Chcraw to Ral
eigh, in NortS'-aroIhia, so 'deflected' as to pass
through theJi iluable coal formations of that
State. Ourpiirements for coal are daily in
creasing, andfjiiould be difficult to estimate the
value of ChabUiston as a market to those engag
ed in its suppttf or the advantages to accrue to
our road froiult s transportation. We arc now
entirely depend nt upon foreigu markets and the
cities north of pa for our supply, wind, reaches
us with all tbepharges and profits of transpor
tation, to whtqi must be added the freight aud
expenses incarpl upon its arrival. We are in
formed that" h thi moment the freight alone
upon a ton offtoal from Philadelphia is equiv
lent to the cost of transportation from the cosl
fields of North j Carolina to Charleston. The
article would tip's I furnished the consumer at
the cost of miprt'&jfith the single charge of on.. '
one
ira asportation.
TJtii inuci&r?feut of the gi
ereater i-bejinooca
this coal, another consideration presents itself
to my mind, which I would commend to the at
tention of the House. Our commercial and'n-i-val
steamers are now entirely dependent on
foreign or northern markets for their supply of
tuel. In case of war with any maritime Power,
what would be our condition ? Just suppose
for a moment the mouth of the Chesapeake and
Delaware blockaded, what possible use could
you make of your steamers ? It is the dictate,
of a wise and prudent forecast to anticipate this
crisis, by the establishment of a coal depot at
Fort Johnson or Fort Caswell. You will have
a southern as well as a northern supply- Either
of these localities, now belonging to the Govtrc-
tleman
mistaken. I will it contains so ittl sulnhnr. from which
not only iu u finan- phuretted hyil ogen is formed. So, also, in
of view, its Massacre I urate, it will 1 far less offensive, for the s
, j 1 ' 1- '