North Carolina Newspapers

1 .T T i;011TI CAROLINIAN. FAYETTEVILLE, N. C SATURDAY, "ebruary 12, 1859. Western Rail Road. A called meeting of the Western Rail Road Company was held on Thursday, 10th inst., in the Town Hall, to act upon the Bill recently passed by the Legislature, to aid in the con struction of the Road. Hon. J. G. Shepherd was chosen chairman, and John M. Rose, Esq., Secretary of the Com-i pany, acted as Secretary of the meeting. The following Resolution was adopted by a Vote of 2,416 to 45 : - " Jlesolved, That the Act passed by the Gen eral Assembly now in session, entitled ' An Act to aid in the construction and equipment of the Western Rul Road from Fayetteville to the Coal Fields ' be, and the same is hereby accepted on the part of this Company." Resolutions of thanks were also passed to the Senator and Representatives from this courtty, for their efficient services in procuring the passage of the Act, and also to the Presi dent of the Company, C. 13. Mallctt, Esq. It will be seen by reference to our advertis ing columns, that the Company intend to prose cute the work to completion with the least possible delay. The Legislature. We are compelled to go to pres3 to-day, (Friday) before the receipt of our letters from Raleigh. We gather from other sources the following condensed summary of Legislative do inprs s'nce our last : On Saturday, nothing of importance was dt ne and it being private bill day in the House, number of b'lls of that character were acted on, among which a bill to appoint a tax collec tor for Robeson. The Senate on Monday was occupied with the consideration of the Revenue Bill. In the House a bill to provide for limited partner ships passed its second and third readings. The bill to allow free negroes to be sold in to slavery for debt passed its second reading. The most able lawyers of the House opposed this measure as unconstitutional. At the ni"ht session, the bill to amend the charter of the Cheraw and Coalfiilds Road was indefinitely postponed yeas G7, nays 31. On Tuesday in the Senate the Revenue was discussed, and passed its 2d reading 31 to 13 4 democrats voted against it, and 8 opposi tion for it. New England. New York, and Pennsylvania, have embarked extensively in manufacturing en terprises, and for a number of years erch has striven to gain preeminence over the other, in the quality and in the quantity and variety of the arti cles manufactured. The people and press of New England, have long claimed for their States a su periority; and Pennsylvania, with her vast fnineral resources, aim ouier naiurai auvauiages, na - 1 . ii- - i -i a i s. ut forward a similar claim. A digest of the the tistics of manufactures, embracing every branc of manufacturing industry in tho enliro country, ha just been completed and transmitted to Con gress by the President. From an analysis of the tables of this document, in tho New York Herald. we learn that New York has 2-3..5.13 establishmc n $00,01)4,403 capital embarked, 100,319 hands gaged, producing manufactured articlr s to the v; ... fiiO'vy rii- o m r i :.. i. oi nr establishments, capital embarked $94,473,81oN hands employed 14b76G, value of products $155,- 041,910. Massachusetts has 8,259 establishments, employs 105,938 hands, capital invested $83,357, G42, and products amounting to $151,137,145. Connecticut has 3,482 establishments, employs 47,770 hands, and with $23,890,348 capital, pro duces manufactured articles to the value of $45, 110,102. The aggregate of the othei New Eng land States, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Rhode Is'a id, amounts to $50,8G5,819 of capital invested, producing manufactures to the value of $78,153,099. It will be seen by the above figures th it New York is the greatest manufacturing State in the Union. The New York manufacturer produces $2 45 for every dollar invested; the Massachusetts manufacturer $1 82 ; the other New England States $1 54, and Pennsylvania $1 Go. The South is not making such rapid strides to wards manufacturing supremacy as either of tho States above, referred to, but quietly and steadily she is progressing in city and town, over her whole extent, to set the spindle and the loom in motion. and manufacturing the raw material which grows luxuriantly in sight of the factoiy, where water power is abundant, and provisions and all other necessaries of life cheap and of the best quality Mississippi has recently established several large manufacturing esialL'shments, and we learn that the most profitable factory in the Union is located in tho eastern part of that State. The new ma chine for spinning the raw material at the gin has been introduced by many of the cotton planters upon their plantations, and Missh-sippi bids fair, in process of time, to outstrip some of her north ern competitors in the manufacture of cotton fab rics. In and around Fayetteville, there are seven cotton factories in successful operation ; and if Congress he true to the best intesests of tiie trv, we hope soon to chronicle the ereeti extensive national foundries and other work-shoris in the niuieral regions of our State, where coal and iron are abundant, and the manufacture of the various implements of agriculture, the tools and machinery used in the mechanic arts, and also the vast and powerful materiil required in the event of war, with advantages far superior to many oth er sections of tho country where iron manufac tures have been successfully carried on. To her vast natural resources, let North Carolina add a "VMmulation possessed of skill in manufactures and th mechanic art-, and she may yet contain within r- L her boiders the Sheffield of America. 7 J65 In our issue last week, a portion of sec. 3 of the Coalfields Railroad Bill was accidentally omitted. We republish the section entire : Sec. 3. That the bonds of the State hereby authorized to be sold for the Western Railroad Company shall be sold as follows : when it shall be certified by the President of said Western Railroad Company that twelve miles of said road ha've been completed, and put in operation, said Company shall be entitled to receive one hundred thousand dollars ; when it shall be like wise certified that the iron for the, whole road has been delivered at the port of Wilmington, said Company shall be entitled to receive an additional one hundred thousand dollars, whenever the President shall certify that twenty-fonr miles of said roid have been com pleted, said Company shall be entitled to receive an additional one hundred thousand dollars, and whenever the President shall certify that the whole road to the Coal Fields hasqeen comple ted and put in operation, and that an additional sum has been raised by said Company, making the amount of four hundred thousand dollars (exclusive of State bonds) have been expend ed upon said road, that an additional and final sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall be delivered to said Company. Euuopk. The Asia, which arrived at New York on- -Monday last, from Liverpool, brings fur ther warlike intelligence. Confidence in the main tenance of peace is losing cjround. France contin ues her warlike preparations. Austria still pours her legions into Lombardy, and Sardinia and Swit zerland wee buckling on their armor and prepar ing for the coming fray. The British minister at Washington is to be instructed to urge the opening of the American coasting trade to British vessels in return for a like concession by Great Britain. The news from India is favorable to British inter ests. The subjugation of the disturbed districts was rapidly progressing. We learn from the Peterburg Express, that Wm. II. Pleasants, Esq., Editor of the American Eagle, was ou Monday last, elected Mayor of Louisburg. North Carolina. New York Officials. The gentlemen who compose the Board of Aldermen and Councilmen of New York, sought and obtained nominations for the offices to which they were subsequently elected, with a full knowledge of the law prohibit- receiving payment for their seri" 11 thus elected have made fre- 1 the law ; the honor con- cial capacity not le- mpensation while a or's oiKce, and prevents, the obtain meut of those pick ybnt to gladden the- hearts (and poewts) osim of Aldermen pVs oewts) oCfcfnier official: Last week tho Board passed resolutions for memoralizing the Legislature to change the law prohibiting tho members of the Common Council from receiving payment for their services. But the worthy may or was inexorable ; he returned -the resolutions without his signature, and read the gentlemen a lesson which future aspirants to official honors m:iy possibly profit by. If New York placed m her offices uf trust and responsibility, men of ster ling worth like her present mayor, she would doubtless soon become the best governed city in the Union. We leara from the Petersburg Express, that Ileury W. Miller, Esq., the &ified orator of the 'Till JCi-fl. S has coBSt!jjh)dtn - tloli-ver nn address in Norfolk, on the evening of the IStli inst., for the benefit of tho Mount Vernon Association. His subject, " The Eighteenth Century." OP Frank P. Blair, of Missouri, is in the North lecturing in favor of Republicanism. Ho deliver ed an address to the Black Republicans in Con cord, N. II., on the 2d inst. A slave owner de livering anti-slavery addresses may suit an audi ence as credulous as himself. The Equality of Races. D'Israeli, the pres- dmiuistratipn leader in the British House of last work, the " Biography of L tinck," in speaking of tho Jew- es to tho eoualitv of races : the most striking cvi- pernicious doctrine of rffequality of man. The f iartieular race is a matter w-- ,agment, and depends entirely on varirattons and circumstances ; but the natural equalitypf man now in vogue, and taking the form of cosmopolitan fraternity, is a principle which, ni'nj it possioie fo rcl on lr, would deteriorate the great races and destroy all the genius of the world. Whnt would be the con sequence on the Anglo-Saxon Republic, for exam ple, were they as citizen's to secede from their sound principle of reserve, a,id mingle with their negro and colored populations 1 In tho course of time they would become so deteriorated that their States would probably bo re-conquered and .re gained by the aborigines whom they have expelled, and who would tiien ie tlren- superiors . Daxiel Wei!Stkr. At tho Webster festival, held in Boston on the 24th ult., Mr Ilallct, alluding to the early days of tho great New Englander, said : j " If, instead of going to the law office of Gov. Gove, in 1803, ' where hp naturally imbibed the sentiments of that great and eloquent man, Mr Webster hftd gone into tho office of Att'y Gen. Sullivan, afterwards Governor, in all probability he would have been a Democrat ; and if he had been a Democrat, destiny could not have prevented him from being President of the United States." Crisie at the North. Crime is fearfully on the increase at the North. In Massachusetts, particularly, crime has, during the past fourteen years, increased at a far greater ratio than the population. There are now three times as many crimes committed as in 1S44, although the popu lation has only slightly increased. It will be seen, by reference to an article in i n ther column, that of nineteen United States' Senators recently elected for six years, thirteen are Democrats, and six Black Republicans. her column will be found an Adver- Freeman, proprietor of the In- I, New York. We are gratified , which is over Taylor's cel- ebrav winvf an extensive patron age. led inlhe most central part of the city, anJoii i Vd by one of New York's most enter- 4 prising men,, it is entitled to the patronage of visit ors, and we are not surprised to hear of its suc cess. EF" Mr E. Merian, the weather philosopher," has published his record of accidents to persons during the past year, caused l y tho use of cam- , ph ne and b:.raing fluid. There were 54 deaths' 1 and 93 severe injuries. I v 11 - C V 33 Is there a Democratic Party? The opponents of Democracy, North and South, be they Black Republicans, Know Nothings, or I defunct Whigs, would desire that the above query could be answered in the negative. They would realize the greatest aim of their life the overthrow of Democracy even at the sacrifice of the Union. " A house divided against itself cannot stand so, while the South and Southern men continue to op pose that party which has been so true to Southern interests, what may we not expect at the North. There are bow but two parties, so far as national matters are concerned. Black lienublieanism in the only party to oppose the Democracy. As for the other factions, they are of themselves without any weight or strength ; consequently, if Whig gery or Know Nothingism be not with us, then are they battling with and in favor of Black Re publicanism. ThiB is evident, If Democracy be overthrown, what party will be in the ascendancy? 1 he answer is indisputable it must be the Black Republican." The present opposition to Democracy in the South reminds us of the shrewd Yankee's cow-r-with green goggles she could eat pine shavings for grass. This incongruous fungus of old Whiggery and Know Nothingism have only to don their green goggles, and they can embrace Black Republicism as a true and tried friend of the South. . May we not 'safely say that 1860 will see the opposition united Black Republicans and South- ern Know Nothings supporting one and the same candidate for the Presidency in opposition to"t5Te Democracy. Tho future will develop whether' this be true or otherwise And should the time come, we will be prepared. Then will we. show the opposition that there is a united Democratic party one ready and able to cope with its oppo nents North and South a party founded on last ing principles one against which the waves of fanaticism have often beaten ; and although some times they seemed to engulph it, animated by the great principle of justice to all classes and condi tions of men, and to every section of our Republic, it has ever risen in majesty above the raging bil lows. A Democratic party exists which is co-extensive with our Republican institutions a party which, three quarters of a century have so en twined it in the institutions of our country, that its being and life are fixed and irrevocable, so long as our government exists. It has been opposed by various parties in their turn, some of which have had temporary triumphs ; but all have fallen be fore the well-tried principles of the Democracy. The eloquence of Clay, the power of Webster, and others of less note, have been arrayed against it; but it has withstood the assaults of all. What benefit would it be to the Southern oppo sition were Democracy overthrown ? Would it establish them again ? Yes, it might, on sectional or Black Republican platforms, but not otherwise. Democracy, in the event of its defeat, would never depart from the time-honored landmarks. It has been too perfect an organization to split up into factions a la Whiggery, consequently the opposi tion would have no accessions to their ranks, ex cept a few malcontents and sore heads. What benefit would it be to tho nation were the opposi tion to succeed in ovei throwing the Democracy ? What did they do in the sixteen years of their power ; V e will see. 1 lie first important act was the " Alien Law " in 1793 ; same year the " Sedition Law ;" and yet another in that memor able year extending the term of naturalization of foreigners from five to fourteen years. This same opposition is the parent of the Bankrupt Lawof ..... ...:.. - -SiM.i .k wished to rej.li- ate their just debts. The tariff of '42 ia their off spring, by which merchants and farmers were made to pay a high tax to support a few Yankee manu facturers. Might we not well desire the resurrec tion of a party, their former strength being pro ductive of so much jrood. The people have tried the opposition under va- 'objects of the association, rious names and principles, and sixteen years ofjj For any further information desired, address the Presidency granted them has served only to the ageut at New Orleans, until further notice. consign them to a political grave. I he Democra- cy have had forty-eight years of Presidency, and this length of power has served to establish them upon a firmer basis. The opposition, when in power, never admitted a State, never organized a Territory, They never elected a President twe terms in succession, for their policy and politics were self-condemning. Yet iii the face of all these facts, we find met who would wish this same opposition in power again, even at the expense of the only nation;! party the Democracy : but their desire will be realized only when our glorious Union shall be for ever severed, and our sacred Constitution a thing that was. The bill to aid in the construction and equipment of the Fayetteville Coalfields road, has passed by a majority of three As one wlo had a good opportunity of knowing, I record my testimony as to Mr McKay's exertions in behalf of this measure. To his unwavering en ergy. I attribute the success of the bill, and if it is of any value to his constituents, let Mr McKay have that reward which an able and faithful public servant deserves the confidence and gratitude of those who have benefited by his energy and fidelity. Warrenton News. White Shad. The first of the season taken atTawboro', N. C, were sold last week at that place for $1 a piece. Geologicaj Cnwi-trTTON. Dr. E. H. An drews, of this town, has one of the best Mhrv alogical Cabinets to be found in this State, or probably any where in the Southern States. This fact may not be generally known, although several scientific gentlemen have been aware of it for some time. All who have seen the Doc tor's collection pronounce it a superior one and estimate its value at from five to ten thou sand dollars. The specimens collected in this State are large and varied. The specimens of gold ore are said to be worth $500. Among the stones there is an Opal, worth $150, and other precious stones of considerable value.. In addition to the collection of North Carolina Minerals, there are specimens from Europe in great variety. If the State wants a really fine Cabinet of Minerals, (production of North Carolina,) this one might be purchased at a reasonable price, and kept in the Capitol as evidence of her re sources, without further expenditure upou Prof. Emmons. Charlotte Democrat. Extexsiye Sale. We learn by a gentlemen from Garysburg, N. C, that the sale of thirty nine slaves, conducted there on yesterday, by David A. Barnes, Esq., Attorney, resulted in the realization of the very highest market prices. A number of traders were present but retnrned without making a single purchase the prfees were against them Pet. J2z. Virgixia Oyster Trade. W. H. Parker, chief inspector, in a report to Gov. Wisefcon cerning the oyster trade, estimates that ti;ere will be taken from the waters of Virginia dn ling the nine months ending with June uext no less than 8,808,492 bushels of oysters. 1 Washington City, Feb'y 1, 1859. ; ' : no. vi. Mexico- Her Decline and Final Fate The j Cause The People of the United States j will Right these Wrongs Central America j The tic Envoys contrasted Senate Pro l ceedino-s as to Publi' Lands Glow's Bill j Secretary of the 1 reasury s lleyort to the nvm n v Protect or Perish 'Watch-words Democratic Caucus of House ; End in Nothing Gov. Winslwandtke American Flag "A Great Man has fallen in Israel." 5 There has been nothing very important in the foreign ' news, since my last, to interest your readers. The affairs of our sister Republic. Mexico, show the downward course of anarchy, without anyjbope of peace or a stable govern ment. The causes of this state of affairs are patent to any observer of her history. Ambi tious men of weak minds and narrow hearts, with a sectional popularity, aim to rule the country. They pronounce, as it is termed, against the power of the Government, and the power of the Government is not sufficient to make resistance against their unscrupulous ca bals : it totters, and finally falls. The new dy- !nasty is, in turn, overthrown. Then the anion of Church and State, which, when pure, is fatal io a safe and happy GovernrtnTnt, but when contaminated by intrigue, corruption and all ds of fraud as in Mexico, must destroy all Justice, law, order and safety in the Republic. le, ine om "'unary organization or Mexico, dinS wi.l.h the Church, contends for its exclu sive privileges ana exemption irom amies ana taxes. These are the causes that have destroyed Mexico, broken up the foundations of society, and let t)ut the floods of war that deluge this fair land. . Then the mixed races of blacks, Indians, mestizos, and other ignorant and brutal hordes render conflicts continual and savage. Other nations see and know this state of things, and are already hovering around the decaying and corrupting relief., ready to pounct npon and destroy her. England and France are, by their fleets at Vera Cruz, demanding amounts far beyond the ability of Mexico to pay in her palmiest days. Spain would have " rung in," but she feared that the sympathy of the Amer icans would have aided Mexico, and she would lose, but could not gain in such a contest. Doubtless this aid would have been asked, and promptly rendered. Already are the inhabi tants of Chihuahua and Sonora begging the protection of " the stars and stripes." The President advised the temporary occupa tion of these, but Congress has not acted upon his recommendation. But the people are ta king this matter in hand the sound of the rapid and intrepid step of the American pio neer is soon to be heard in these States. At Cincinnati, St. Louis and Memphis in the West, at Boston, Providence and New York in the East, and in Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, and at New Orleans and Texas in the South, the din of preparation for the coming spring is heard. The active enthu siasm of our people must have some subject to act upon. The Colts, McCullochs, Ilenning sens and Lockridges are preparing to rendez vous at Arizona ; the transit is easy to Sonora and Chihuahua. And who shall stop them ? Who ought to ? It appears that private filibustering is dead or rapidly dying out. The ci-devant filibusters are all becoming peaceful emigrants. Read the following : TO ALL THOSE WHO MAY WISH TO PEACEABLY EMIGRATE TO ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO "- Sy;ooaaa . 9.1 oil sionooaftry equipments will be Turn. shea thosewho may desire to.jic- (imnLiiy me i-jih iiiiant Assticiaiiuil WHICH Will start on the 1st of March, 1859, from Victoria, Texas, or some other more accessible point yet to be designated. None need apply who can not furnish reference as to good character : and a guarantee will be required from the emigrants of their intention of faithfullv carrvinsr out the S. A. LOCKRIDGE. Agent of Arizona West. Pioneer Ass. St. Charles Hotel, New Oilcans. The " S. A. Lockridge " who signs the above circular is no other than the well known Colon el Lock r idge, who became famous as one of Walker's officers. Now it seems he is organ izing peaceful emigration to Arizona and Nortl tern Mexico, to develope the rich mines we suppose, in these regions. Another curious fact, in connection with pri vate filibusters, is in the organization in New- York and in Washington of a peaceful emigra tion party, called the Northern Arizona Asso ciation, of which General Heuningsen is to be the chief. With two active spirits, like Ilenningsen and Lockridge, Arizona and Northern Mexico stand a chance to be fully developed ; and with civil war preying on her vitals, the navies of Europe blockading her ports, the steady advance of hardy and practical civilization, on her North ern frontier, Mexico hastens to her ultimate destiny her demise as a nation, and with a new race and new social and political organiza tion, which will, like Texas and California, one day, sooner or later bring her into the Ameri can Union. Letters from Central America inform us that the English Envoy, Sir Wm. Gore Uuseley, has accomplished his mission to Nicaragua. Great complaints reach this country of our Minister, Gen'l Lamar, of his inefficiency and inertness. While In one month Ousely has carried through successfully a favorable treaty, Lamar has been twelve months and vet the treaty made by Gen'l Cass and which Lamar was only to have ratified, is no nearer consummation than when he arrived. The contrast between the mode of living, the manners of the two Envoys is mark ed while one lives in a manner calculated to impress these people and gain their approba tion, the other conducts himself in such a man ner as to cause them to believe that we are an inferior nation We require at Nicaragua now, a man of tact and talent ; of youthful energy and indefatigable industry. In the Senate, nothing of a very interesting character has occurred during the last week. The bill that has already passed the House making donations - of the public lands to the several states for the purpose of founding Ag ricultural Colleges, was taken np on Tuesday. It was laid over until to-day, to allow Mr Clay, of Alabama, to express his views in opposition to it. The House on Wednesday last, passed Mr G row's bill by a vote of 129 to 16 which gives to every citizen or person proposing to be a citizen the right to enter a quarter section of land. It seems that some members are like prodigal sons with the lands inherited from their industrious forefathers ; they squander away and then borrow and beg the balance of their lives. The idea that these bills can be come laws is absurd. The revenues of the government from land and other sources are grossly inadequate to nay the expenses : and the road to high tariff is plain, though it is believed that nothing can be done this session, and reduction of expenses and economy must be the order of the day. The Senate Committee on Commerce have authorized their chairman to report a bill sim ilar to that submitted to Congress by the Sec retary of the Treasury some weeks ago, arrang ing the collection districts, designating ports of entry and delivery, and regulating the appoint ment of omcers ot customs, &c. lhe Senate bill reduces the expenditures below that of the Secretary, cutting down the salaries of all the officers, from the Collector to the tide waiters, and diminishes the clerical and other force nearly one-third. The salaries of all the Collec tors of the principal ports are to be uniform five thousand dollars a year each ; Surveyors and Naval officers are reduced to four thousand five hundred dollars ; and so on through all the grades, except Inspectors, whose salaries re main unchanged. The saving in the expendi tures for the collection of the revenue is estima ted at upwards of one million of dollars. 7he announcement will probably bring hither a still further increase of office holders and button holeing members. As it is, it looks as if half the officers of the government were now in Wash ington. If they can be spared from their duties, it is pretty conclusive evidence that their offices are sinecures, and is a stroug argument in favor of a general reduction. . lhe Secretary of the Treasury sent a reply to the resolution calling for the actual and proba ble receipts from customs, public lands and other sources for this and the next fiscal year, and for his opinion whether the said receipts will be adequate to meet the public expenditures. He says that the receipts during the first quarter of the fiscal year ending September last were nearly twenty millions two hundred and thirty- one thousand dollars, as stated in his annual report. The receipts for the remaining, three quarters were estimated at thirty-eight millions hve hundred thousand dollars, of winch sum thirty-seven millions were estimated from the customs. It was believed that the quarter ending December last would yield ten millions; the present quarter, eiiaingon the 31st of March, fifteen millions ; and the next quarter, ending on the 30th of June, twelve millions. In refer ence not only to the customs, but the public lands and other sources of revenue, all the in formation which has been received at the de partment since his annual report confirms the correctness of the estimates of the probable re ceipts for the present and next fiscal year. He is, therefore, of the opinion that the result will show that the actual receipts for the remaining quarters of the present year, and for the next fiscal year will not vary materiallysJrom the estimates already submitted tOfCongreisv ; In support of this opinion J?saibiiMpin? parison of the receipts forth' "jteTdf the two preceding jearB -4iscal year ending 30th of June, 1851 ti.e importa tions were very heavy, amounting- in dutiable goods, exclusive of those exported, io over two hundred and ninety-four millions, and the re ceipts from the customs that year were sixty three million six hundred and forty-eight thou sand dollars. In the fiscal year ending June, 1858, the im portations were much reduced, amounting in dutiable goods, exclusive of those exported, to two hundred and two millions, and the receipts from the customs to forty-two millions forty-six thousand. To realize his estimates, the impor tation of dutiable goods for the present fiscal year must reach two hundred and fifty millions, besides those exported, and for the next fiscal year the sum of two hundred and eight' millions. Comparing the foregoing statement of receipts, and looking to a favorable and healthy reaction in husiness, he should regard it as unsafe and unwise to calculate upon a larger importation than the present estimates contemplate. -TCntM'iiiiiittir i.heMt miiuioiis. he. is comnplleil to say the receipts will not be adequate to the necessity of the public exigencies, unless the expenditures be reduced below the amount esti mated for. He has seen no indications that would induce the opinion that such a result can be reasonably anticipated ; on the contrary, should the bills which have been passed by either or both branches of Congress be finally passed by both, and become laws, the expenditures would be very largely and permanently in creased. It is estimated that the Pension bill alone, which has passed the House, will add several millions to this year's expenses of the govern ment, and even a larger amount for the next fiscal year. Other bills, also, which have either passed the Senate or the House, will, in a large measure, swell the amount of the expenditures. These are contingencies to which the attention of Congress should be directed in considering the probable receipts and expenditures of the gov ernment. Either the expenditures must be re duced to the estimated receipts or other means of revenue should be provided. If the first can be effected it is certainly mostdesirable. He has already submitted to Congress a plan for codifying the revenue laws, and for reorgan izing the collection districts, which, if sanctioned and passed into law, would greatly facilitate the operations of the Treasury Department, and reduce largely the expenses of collecting the revenue. There stand on the statute books laws requir ing the building of custom-houses, post-offices, and court-houses at places where the public ser vice does not require them at this time. The repeal of these laws, or the postponement of their execution to a period of greater prosperity and less embarrassment, would relieve the treas ury of that amount of expenditure. The recommendation to abolish the franking privilege, and of raising the letter rate ol post age to five cents, with the view of bringing the Post Office Department as near as possible to its former self-sustaining position, will, if carried out, very greatly relieve the treasury. In other departments reductions might also, iu all probability, be made. He onlv speaks of those which have been brought to the atten tion of Congress, and commends them to their favorable consideration. If, however, the ap propriations made at the present session shall reach the amount estimated for in the Secre tary's report, a deficiency will exist, which must be provided for by additional legislation, and to the extent which the appropriations shall ex ceed the estimates will that deficiency be neces sarily increased. He says he has already expressed the opinion that the public debt onght not to be increased by an addi tional loan. That opinion remains unchanged. The present tariff should be so modified as to supply such deficiency asinay exist, and he recommends his views on the subject expressed in his annual report to favorable consideration. He calls attention to the outstanding Treasnry notes. In his estimates of receipts and expenditures, the per manent redemption of them, as they may fall due, has not been contemplated. All the calculations have been made upon the basis of continuing them iu cir culation, and as a matter of course the redemption of the whole, or any part of them, mast increase the an ticipated deficiency unless authority be given for tbeir re-issue or other provision be made for their redemp tion. Since February last there have been redeemed $543,700. By the 30th of June next the sum of $17, 758,900 will fall due. at which their payment must be met. Should Congress adjourn without legislating on the subject, it would be almost impossible under the most favorable receipts from ordinary sources, for the department to meet the public liabilities until an other Cousrress could be convened. He had already recommended that this immediate demand should be I provided for, by authorizing there-issue of these Treas ury notes for one or two years. This can easily he ef fected, by extending lor that period the provisions of the act of December, 1857, authorizing the i.ue of Treasury notes. The proportion to convert these notes into a permanent debt ought not to receive the favorable consideration of Congress. It ivould be virtually to postpone their ultimate payment to a dis tant day when the policy of the government should ii-ueem mem trom year to vear, as the means of the treasury will justify. A public debt which remains lorm,of Treasury notes can always be redeemed VJV? en;lagr'ng the successful operations of the " uuever mere snail bean excess of rev- ... lue payment ot any premium.- which w,h hardly be the case with United Slates t "ck Contemplating the feradual reremrUou cf iheFo notes and being opposed to the policy of adding tho sum of twenty millions to the permanent debt, he re peats his tormer recommendation lor extending the operation of the Treasury note act from one to two years. It is evident that the Protectionists intend, if possi ble, to coerce Congress into some measure for the modification of the revenue system. They avow the purpose without disguise. In fact they have proceed ed so tar iu the development of their policy as to in dicate the particular plan of compulsion by which they propose to compass their object. A few words iu illustration of the new and some what singular phase of the tariff question prescn!l by the violent counsels of tho Protectionist leaders, may not be inappropriate at this stage of the contro versy. A peculiar part in the common enterprise is under taken by the Democratic champions of increased tax ation. They are deputed to operate within the rank of the party ; and by menaces of rebellion to frighten the majority into the support of their schemes, l-'or that purpose they employ these arguments: No nun be nominated at Charleston w ho refuses to arquiese in their demand ; and unless the Democracy agree to give them protection, Pennsylvania will aposlntizi' to the Opposition in 1SU). Jt is barely possible that some aspirant of weak mind and unstable pr'nciples, may be. intimidated by the threat ; the bwly of State rights Hepresentatives in Congress will repel it' with contempt. The services of t fie Pennsylvania Democracy are not depreciated, but between evert their alliance and attachment to the principles of the party, no honest man will hesitate a moment. The caucus of Saturday night last, of the democratic members, ended in nothing. Only about fifty members present. A plan of re trenchment was presented by Mr Cochran of ' Georgia : toMiscontmne the cost survey, sus pend work or. fortifications, and all public edi fices, and a ie-issue of Treasury l.otes recom mended. But the caucus adjourned sine die without a vote. Your representative Gov. Winslow from Committee on Naval Affairs reported a joint resolution giving thanks of Congress to Capt. Ketd ot .New loik lor the design of the present Flag, and 1 learu accompanies it with an inter esting account of the early Hags of our country before the present was adopted. Samuel V. Black, late of Fenn., now one of the Judges in Nebraska has been nominated Governor ot Nebraska, and Col. McCandles U. S. Judge for Western district of Pennsyl vania. Hon. A. II. Stephens of Georgia positively declines a reelection as a member of the House, in which he has-so long and faithfully served. He is considered one of the ablest men of that body. This is one of the gayest seasons ever beforo known in Washington. The parties last week of Governors Cass and Brown, and Senator Douglas were brilliant beyond description. N OUT II STATE. Senator D. S. Reid, ON TIIE PACIFIC 11AILKOAI) BILL. Mr President, I have forborne to say any thing in regard to this bill up to the present time ; and I now rise for the purpose of pi ous ting against this whole scheme of a Pacific railroad. With other gentlemen, I am free to say that I desire to see a railroad connection betw. th icifio ocean and the eastern por tion of the country. I desire, however, to see that improvement made as other iinpiovtincnls of a sun lar character have been made through other portions of our country. As the country leconus settled, as there may be a demand be tween the intermediate points for railroad com munication, railroads will be built ; ami when ever the population and resources of the inter mediate country will sustain a road, it will be built as railroads are built in other portions of the Union. Until that time, in my humble judgment, if you had a railroad already con structed, it coulu not sustain itself. You here propose to undertake this immense work ; and what guarantee have you that it is ever to be completed or that when completed the Government is ever to avail itself of the benefits that might arise from it? Here is a work that will require a capital of some two hundred million dollars perhaps, and the only security yon ask at the commencement is $50000. A deposit of $500,000, that is to be drawn out soon after it is deposited, is all the security that you have that that road will be constructed. It is true there is a provision in the bill which says that after the first sec tions of the road are constructed, the bonds is sued for the eastern and western divisions shall create a lien on the whole road ; but suppose the contractors go on and complete the eastern and western portions of the road as provided by this bill, and that period the contractors have contracted debts, and under an execution for these debts their interest is sold, what se curity have you then for the payment of the bonds that you have issued to construct. the road, or for conveying the mails, or transport ing the troops and munitions of war ot the United States? You have no security what ever. According to the provisions of this bill, when the eastern and western sections of the road are completed, an execution may be levied on the road or the contractors may convey it, and the road is gone, and you arc left without any redress. Does not every one see that this is the natural tendency of things ? It is a mat ter of speculation and will be undertaken as such, and in my humble judgment, will be used as such throughout. The money that you pay under this bill, and the lands that you give, are the inducement, and whenever that induce ment fails they will avail themselves of the spec ulation and leave you to look out tor yourselves. Is not this the result of all such speculations in which the Government embarks ? Mr President, in olden time a proposition to go into a sovereign State of this Union, by C ngie-s and construct a railroad would have been looked upon as monstrous ; but here you authorize a contract for building a railroad in the sovereign States of this Union without tho permission of those States; and, pray, where do yon get the power ? Although under the Constitution, Congress has the right to estab lish post offices and post roads, it has always been maintained most clearly that Congress had not the right to make or enter into a contract for making a post road. Here, though, ' you claim the power of making a road, and using the money of the Federal Government in ma king a contract for transportation npon that road, upon a vague contingency that at some time a war may occur, and you may have a necessity for transporting troops or munitions of war to California a mere contingency, the happening of which may never occur ; and yet you are professing to be straight-out State rights, strict constitutional constructionists. We hear frequently in this body an alarm about extravagance. Retrenchment and re- re-3n it0' thC -Tr- "oteVi'or'lE p0; . "of 8 8e5X,'.'Vug' thou,d t,,e tuture receipt Tt a"f n9e low the estimates of the depart meat, additional reason is pivon - .i... ... . ... t'Apeimuures it ran !, Kfv.i- k