North Carolina Newspapers

4 TERMS, $2 00 PER ANNUM, THE NOBLST -M0TIYE IS iS3 PUBLIC GOOD PAYABLE IN ADVANCE , VOLUME XX. FAYETTEVILLE, N.. C, SATURDjJ, FEBRUARY 25 1860 f" " - .... - TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, Single copy, ln aavance, per aunam ' a the end of the ye.r Single copies, five cents. $2.00 3,00 Ho sabscriptiqn win be received for less than six Sixty cents per square of 16 lines, or less, for the tirst, and 30 cents for each subsequent insertion, fpr punou unaer tnree mouths. Fqr three months, ...... $4 00 For six months, ...... 6 QU For twelve months, 10 00 Other advertisements by the year on favorable terms. Advertisers are particularly requested to, state the number of insertions desired, otherwise they will be inserted until forbid, and charged accordingly. JOB. WORK of all kinds executed neatly and IT inaptly. P. J. SINCLAIR, Epitoh AspPaorsiETOK, .... ... LEGAL NOTICES. DU.XCW J, DKVAMi- ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, CLINTON", M. C, ATILLt practice in the Countv and Sunerior Courts . p'.laden, Cumberland, and Sampson, and of nie adjoining counties. Office near the Clinto. Hotel Feb'y jU, lbOO. tf A. D- MoLEAN, A torney & Counsellor at Law, SXTJVCOVr JBJEl "VI xLE, 1ST. O WILL attend the Courts ot Cumberland Moore. Johnson ard Harnett County PROMPT atten tion given. the collection of all claims entrusted to his care, Dec 23 tf- CLEMENT G, WRIGHT, ATTORNEY AT LAW, w LL practice in tbe counties of Bladen. Samp- son and Cumberland. Prompt attention given to all business committed to his charge. April 2, 1858. tf W. S. NORM E NT. ,TTOLEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW LUMBERTOX, N. C. "A7"ILL ATTEND the County and Superior Courts. TV ot Itohcsou , Cumberland, JJladeu and Colum b i-. .VII business intrusted to his care, will receive prompt attention. Oflicein the Court Vlouse. July l,i8.jy. 1-y-w AUGTiOXKKli t COMMISSION MERCHANT, East Side of (rillespic Street, F vvk r tkvii.i.e, N. C. Nov. 1:5. t.s."8 ttcnumission itlcrcljant. WILMINGTON, N. (J. riL ivi prompt ami p'jiotial attention to all (J 1 ciiiti '.it s of dpirits Turpeatiae, Ro.-iu. T.u. I'lii-:),' iiiiiv. a 1 id ai I countrv prodmc for sale. v o ! ir'i'l 1 r ij; stairs over the Store of Mr Vol r Vojk Wafc gla:j.i a.jii j. 1. ilia,.; Lut terloh's wharf. North street. .fun'' IS. IS ,11. tf rv TAIMMLL,. I'itOI'RIKTOli.. ... vi - 1 'IHS. the most commodious Ilotei' more brilliant, instructive and intelligent nd E' Y-.'5i A- in North Carolina, frouting '6W , T, , , . , ii-f- feet on Uay and Donaldn streets, i lre8S- ' lt waa composed ct the choicest of located in the centre of the business portion of th; tmy u, ami surrounded ly all the bank- i houses, wholesale merchants and principal pro duce doak-rs. -.if lii-iu'ss mon will find the Hotel a convenient an I comfortable house. Vtl the Stasis arrive and depart from this Hotel. F iett-jville. April 2. 1859. ly'r Stoves, Siioct-Iron TlX-WAKK, &c. j x m hanfl. a htrire assortment of Box and cooking stoves; Tin-ware; Sheet-Iron ; Lead Pip At- o tin? " Oil Dominion CoOVe Pot." For sale by Nov. 27. tf JAMES MARTINE. NOTICE. HvVIVG RECENTLY PURCHASED THE l3n.tixo Btocl. Of of Council A McKethan, I am now carrying on the ... i . f i '.iiiiril?e I tt nft mercantile uusiuena wu..... . R. II . LYON. Aus 10, IS.")!). w-tf c.lo nt reduced nrices, at the Auction Store of1"1 A. M. CAMPBELL. A -isr SI. 185S. tf 3F.xx-tss, Oils, c&?c SIMCiiM. Ketineil. Lard. Lin.-eeil and Tauua'f . JL Will i'E LiiAI) ; linrning r- lu'ul ; Putty ; Window Glu.-vS and Sash of all sizes. ALSO fresh supply oi Pond's Pain Deptiover. For sale by JAS. MARTINE. Nov. 27. tf A CARD. . i m ir ah n 1 l A Word To My Old Friends f EM HOSE persons for whom I have been attending to i. IJa.iki.ig bushmess for years ; am lb till ;wil ing . ... ...Mi i-itti tfi w?imtk nrftin ni mat- l iiu ai- iu f. i m v " " i l Pension bustness, &C.&C. 1 offer my services i-..i v i imio : anil io oiiiers iusi.ii iuj "' uisvv"- witb , a promise of strict attention JAin. (j. June 27. 1559. tf COOK. ti 3 BtClT'A&i P. Pill I UULUZimz rui.L-.ii iUIjolcsale anl Uctail Dealers in Groceries Ilurzfw&re &C.) iiSO 13IIO. MPT ATTMXTIOX C1VKN TO IjHE SALE of Cotton, ami other Produce. Ordi'rs mv 'onsiument. in ttw above line will re receive stct attention from reliable parties. U W. 1. UOI.DSTOX. A. W. FULLER. Decol. JilS- N. SMITH. liesiii-t aim titiiUn't. W1IOLKSALE AND KETA1L DEALER LV American, French and Ei glish Drugs, Med icines and Chemicals j 'iarden and Field Seeds ; Perfumery, Dye-Stufi's, Liquors; Oils, Paints and Varnishes ; Window Glass ; Glass-, ware ; Fine Soaps ; Fine Hair and Tooth Brushes ; Paint Brushes ; Surt icil and Dental Instruments, and Fancy Artic.es. With all the Patent or Proprietary Medicines of the day. Fayetteville, JX. C, Dec 6., d & w-tf A0RTH OAKOLiNlAA'. FAYETTEVILLE, N. C. SATURDAY MORNING, r EBRUARY,5, THE TARBORO MERCURY. This journal has lately striven to make a. home thrust at us in regard to ad valorem, and asks us to get off the fence, stating that we are "yelping in the trail of the Standard, and working men's association." We have always endeavored to make a trail for Ourself, and have heretofore had as respectable sheets as the Mercury yelping at us, disturbing us just as little as does the howl which reaches us from Edgecomb county. . When it gets a cent it may possibly close its jaw. - '. ! . The Mereaty has" takef! upon- itself to exhibit its lack of information upon the first principles of po litical economy, together with a number of issues placed before the Democratic party, which it must accept or (woe be to it) it must, forsooth, loose its valuable support ! The Mercury has withal mis- ! quoted us. We did not say we were in favor of ad 1 J valorem as advocated now, but we did say that we were in favor of the principle of ad valorem. Now does the Mercury profess to know any thing about government? If so, by what right is a man taxed in any shape? Is it not for the support of Govern ment, and is the support of Government not de manded because of the protection it affords to the citizen ? This being the case, a man ought to p ay taxes just in proportion to the amount of protection received. This is ad valorem. You might as well trj7 to hurl the moon from its proud eminence as to deny this great principle of political economy. The one is founded upon the necessary laws of na ture, the other upon the humanity requiring neces sity of the existence of government. Justice wTill never be accomplished till we conform as near as possible to the pri. ciple of ad valorem. Inviduous distinctions ought not to be made in taxing, no more than in the proportion of immunities to be en- ed by an American. When the time comes for opposition to the thing feared by the Mercury, we may possibly not be a whit behind our factious friend in Tarboro, in battling for the cause of justice; nor does it follow that because we may oppose the taxing of negroes ad valorem, that we must show our ignorance of right by opposing the whole principle. Oil account of the misplacing of the copy of Mr Douglas' speech, wc were unable to publish it in full last week. We. therefore, re-publish to day the portion produced on last week with other parts of it. It is a superior production of mental power, and is worthy the attention of ever' person. We will conclude its publication during the next urk- . . y iMR McKae's Awiress. 1 lie address of D K. McRae, l-.sq , for the benefit of the Mount Vernon Association, was delivered last evening r i T ..a' -ii v ii m me raveiievuie liall, to a crowded house. We c-juU thf. 'w b.-tf? xxvi ijjkd ; t scholastic learning, the brightest 'conception of his superior mind, which with the facinating charm of his free, natural and expressive man ner of delivery, made his words seem more like acts his theories like living realities. Mr. McRae is an orator of no common mould; he has naturally within him all the requisites to en title him to that distinction, which added to the polish of a splendid intellectual training, places him among the great men or his native State. THE ENSUING ELECTIONS. The Rhode Island democracy haye nomina- ; ted, on tlie 16th inst., Win Sprague, Esq., for Governor, and J. liussell Bullock, for Lient. Governor. The conservative element of the State outside of the democratic party, held a convention upon the same day and nominated tlie same candidates. We look for their elec. tion. Connecticut has nominated her great war horse of Democracy and he favorite son of the State for Governor, Ex-Gov. Seymour of that State. Tlie New York Tribune, gives up the' I was almost ashamed to pay it. There were several State as certain for Seymour and the Charles- j th5nS to bc ,earilLMl in the kitchen. I saw how Blot ! made a 2ota(e au yras and a -maigre a.p uree of vege ton nominee. tables, a vol au cent, and, above all, a salad. I also A largo and highly respectable portion of learned how, with a handful of of coals or charcoal, the Vircrir.ia democracy met in Richmond on and &f"un -e"u or ranSe forty inches lonS and thirty- j Inday in btate Convention to appoint ele-j i gates to the National Convention in Charleston. i During the session, the following dispatch from a similar body then in session in Connecticut, Us received ; Hartford, Conn., Feb. 15. Resoved. That. the Democracy of Connect!- . cut send to "Virginia, whose Democratic Dele- rates are to assemble in State Convention to- morrow, their fraternal regards, congratula ting the Old Dominion on the effectual manner in which she suppressed an Abolition invasion of her soil, initiated to disturb, her rights and to shed the bhiod of her citizcMis. Is not this beautiful and touching? Connec- ticut democracy auu irginia democracy one and the same, united together by the bands of! the inquiry, and while she was doing so the atten m.ion and fraternal love Oh, what a commen-j !ion ot' M was attracted by a portrait which , hung up in the room, and which requested permis- farj upon the opposition ot the feoutn 1 vv lien s;on to examine more closely. On doin so he hn shall we hear a New England State greeting j mediately saw it was the portrait ofhis' father, ,- i, which, with other articles were stolen from him then with such fnendly sent.meuts as the fiyp wfore in a fumislied TfemaS above? Never. said that the portrait was that of her husband's t TT -,, . father. " In that case," said M. M , " your bus- 2-It won't be long before there will be a pro- b;lnd mast be a hroiher of minc of whose existence position brought forward to annex Europe, Asia and I Was not aware, for the portrait is certainly thai; of Africa to this great Union. We shall not speak of my father." He then left, and being certain that the proposition until it will come up in shape in ; vvas on thfe trac.e f he Vfn who had robbed uic inu.u..itiuu umii 1- r him, soon returned with a police agent The hus- Congress. There is now a proposition before Con- j band having -n the meantil; comein? .ag immedi. gressto annex Cuba, one to annex Canada, alsc, ately recognized as the waiter at the hotel, who at one to annex Mexico. In the midst of all this, the i the time of the robbery went with M. M to give New York Tribune, of the 17th. call the Black Re- j information to the commissary f police, and ex . , V,. A . , pressed his suspicion that the thief was a foreigner publpn committee on the Dist. of Columbia, ; who had left the hotel on the morning it took place, action, looking to a change of the seat of Govern- : After several contradictory accounts as to the, ment, on account of the fact that it would be desira- i manner in which he became possed of the portrait U i -j. - . , -j. --ii . he at last coufesgedthc robbery and was arrested, e to have it upon free territory next week it w ill 0 advocate the e-modeling of the Constitution. Cincinnati, Feb. 18. A fire occurred this morn- it . i '. ing in the liquor establishment of C. A. Bassinger, Kit Uattman, who was reported to entice a negro Xo 53 uradway, damaging the building to the belonging to Win., Cade,- Esq., has been arrested at extent of 12,000. The loss is mostly covered . by Wilmington, N. C. ' ' . ' " - ' - insurance. At the Democratic Ceuvention in Richmond Va.. a resolution exnressine- a nreference for t s o Heret A Wise for President, was defeated. j The convention, also, passed resolutions sustain ing South Carolina's views, respecting the pro- ! posed Southern Convention. j SS?" By the late news from Mexico, we learn that the outrageous acts of Cortinas in Texas were through the sanction of the Mexicau auth orities. , ' " 5is Members' of Congress are now franking oyster cans to their constituents, as seeds have given out.' 1 tnva ure 10 itoHiiiana-uuet-jn convenuon ana oy a vote of 7Y t.n IT rpsolvfid tr snnnnrt. t.hft nominM vf thfi . , . , .. . , . iicti icfciun vuuv riiuuii lor l rcsiueuu '.' Eggs and chickens were scarce in Newbern at the last accounts. Eggs quite plentiful here. " So says the Wilson Ledger, and we presume it is true' as the LedSer has exhibited some signs of the ' . . it it- r 1 noyg lately. Foy for shame. Uff" The editor of the Charlotte Bulletin says ha might publish a couple of columns of his paper with complimentary notices of the Bulletin, and himself! We have read Jish stories is papers long since We presume all papers might publish them for the amusement of their readers. Bgo,, It is most laughable to read the nonsen- s'cal Pro eedings of a whole day in Congress the whole of yesterday spent, eulogizing the departed. HICKMAN A COWARD. According to the best reports which have reached us, Hickman, the black republican m. c, from Pennsylvania, has shown a - decidedly mean and cowardly spirit when attacked by the lion. Henry Edtnundson, of "Va. When Edmundson attacked him with the switch,JMr Keitt, of S. C, caught one of Edmunson's arms and Mr Clingtnun, of N. C, the other Keitt then told Hickman to run, and immedi ately Mr K. broke loose and followed in the chase. Hickman ran for bis life. He is a brave man when addressing the abolitionists from Wil lard's Hotel, but when a Virginia switch is "placed in juxta-position to his person lie's not thar ! JUDGE DOUGLAS. We are s.Uistied that those who have read the speech of this great statesman must acknowledge that it has placed him in the position of a champion of Southern rig'nts. We have never read a more able and masterly effort in our life, and we coufess that it has entirely banished any objections which wc might have had to his nomination at Charleston. This speech, added to the remarks made by Mr Douglas in the Territorial-caucus, upon thegm optm', tof-tw.n-of-Xfif ylacti tni.f jo.Wa.i question upon his foruer standing in . the party in our estimation. During this caucus, he said that his convictions were, that a territory could abolish lavery, but, he wished the question left entirely to the courts for their decision. This is all we want ; this is all the South should demand. We consider the position of Mr Douglas, in this respect, as na tional as Mr Davis of Miss., and in fact, more effect ual in preserving the rights of the South in the Territories, because, what Mr Davis demands can never be received, viz: protection by Cqpgress. The North will not grant it now, because the right to it is not expressly decided by the courts to exist. If it is decided (as it has already by implication) then we will receive it. Cokkespondence. "Carthage," has been received and will appear in our next. ''Don Quixote " is also to hand, and will occupy a place in our columns in due time. A Pakisiax Landlady. Madam eats little but she is a delicate feeder, and she and I perfectly agree on one point we both love a change dearly. The same dish never appears twice in the same week, except by particular desire. Women are v.'ry observing. Madam probably saw, from my habits of life, that my finances were not very flourishing ; and when she gave me my bill at the end of the month ior -a partv of eight The uA C(msumed in this kitchen in a yar would not keep going the kitchen ol a hotel of tlie same size in Lngland lor opc week 2T We learn that Alfred Jones, Esq., of this county, has been elected a Director of tho Bank of North Carolina by the Board ol Directors, vice Hon. Jno. 11. Bryan, resigned. Raliegh Register. Stkaxge Discovery of a Robber. We find the following in Oalignani. The perpretrator of a rob bery which took place about five years ago has just been discovered in rather a singular manner. A gentleman named M , having to make some in quiries in business matters at the residence of a person he knew, found him absent from home, and. wishing to ascertain his probable hour of return knocked at the door of an adjoinidg apartment. Thp door was opened bv a female who answered JUfSSffS" DHh. lU--JJVAblOJi OF STATES: AND II IS dtrux ium r&SSBOJDEN. fit Senate of the U. S., Jan. 28, 1860. having arrived for the consideration of U fh r,-.,,.! , .elhat the Committee or, the Judiciary TKS iV'P?t Si T P"4??1 of siob by fr- Authorities or inhabitants of any other btate?,fciaitory; and for the suppression and punisbou t conspiracies or combinations m any Stafnnr i tVIatv- with intent to lnvarlp. assail tr f msuiunuui any etner mate w xemwijr t um,.- M.t; I tMOn. i Mr. Douglas. Mr. President, on the 25th of No- vember last, the Governor of Virginia addressed an xff::i : .n i i....:.... r.F l. it.: DtUceredht. ThehwSf omeial communication to the President of the Lini- o h State, for the protection of each State, and nec ed States, in which he said : essarily from other States, inasmuch as the guaran- 'I have information from various quarters, upon . tee had been given previously as against foreign na- whicb I rely, ' that a conspiracy of formidable ex- tent, in means and numbers, is formed in Ohio, Pennsylvania,. New York, and other States, to res- cue John P owo and his associates, prisoners at Charles to 4l,- Virginia. -The information is specific enough to be reliable. . "I'lacesin Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, have been occupied as depots and rendezvous by these desperadoes, and Unobstructed by guards or otherwise to invade tbi State, -and we are kept in continual apprehension of outrage from fire and rapine. apprise you of these facts in order that you may take steps to preserve peace between the States." To this communication, the President of the Uni ted States, ' on the 28th of November, returned a reply, from which I read the following sentence : I am at a loss to discover any provision in the Constitution or laws of the United States which would authorize me to 'take steps' tor this purpose" That is, to preserve the peace between the States. This announcement produced a profound impres sion upoa the public mind and especially in the slaveholding States. It was generally received and regarded as an authoritative announcement that the Constitution of the United States confers no power upon the. Federal Government to protect each of the Statei of this Union against invasion from the other States. I shall not stop to inquire whether the PresHent meant to declare that the existing laws confer nc authority upon him, or that the Consti tution empowers Congress to enact no. laws which would aumorize the Federal interposition to protect the States from invasion ; my object is to raise the inquiry, and to ask the judgment of the Senate and of the Douse of Representatives on the question, whether Jt is not within the power of Congress, and the dutyf'of Congress, under the Constitution, to en; c all laws which may be necessary and proper for ti-e protection of each and every State against invasion, either from foreign Powers or from any portion of the United States. The denial of the existence of such a power in the Federal Government has induced an inquiry among conservative men men myai to tne consti- . i . they have of protection, if the Federal Government is not authorized to protect them against external violence. It must be conceded that no community is safe, no State can enjoy peace, or prosperity, or domestic tranquility, without security agairst exter nal yiolencA .Every -tate and nation of the world e ot in is Wiv---wpped to maintain b oiTiS armeis and na Mtanad n tunc of peace. They may be kepSTJ" Mr anibitioris purposes of aggression and foreigi s ); but the legitimate purpose of a milita ry force iii&e of peace is to insure -domestic tran quility &jfeigtVtotence or aggression from without. The States of this Union would possess that power, were it not for the restraints imposed upon them by the Federat Constitution. When that Constitution was made, the State surrendered to the Federal Government the power to raise and support armies, and the power to provide and maintain navies, and not only thus surrendered the means of protection from invasion, but consented to a prohibition upon themrelves which declares that no State shall keep troops or vessels of war in time of peace. The question now rcurs, whether the States of this Union are in that helpless condition, with their hands tied by the Constitution, stripped of all means of repelling assaults and maintaining their existence, without a guarantee from the Federal Government, to protect them agai st violence. If the people of this country shall settle down into the conviction that there is no power in the Federal Government under the Constitution to protect each and every State from violence, from aggression, from invasion, they will demaud that the cord be severed, and that the weapons be restored to their hands with which they may defend themselves. This inquiry invol ves the question of the perpetuity of the Union. The means of defence, the means of repelling as saults, the means of providing against invasion, must exist as a condition of the safety of the States and the existence of the Union. Now, sir, I hope to be able to demonstrate that there is no wrong in this Union for which the Con stitution of the United States has not provided a remedy. I believe, and I hope I shall be able to maintain, that a remedy is furnished for every wrong which can be perpetrated within the Union, if the Federal Government perforins its whole duty. I think it is clear, on a careful examination of the Constitution, that the power is conferred upon Con gress, first, to provide for repelling invasion from foreign counties ; and, secondly, to protect each State of this Union against invasion from any other State, Territory, of place, within the jurisdiction of the United States.- I will first turn your attention, sir, to the power conferred upon Congress to pro tect the United States including States, Territo ries, and the District of Columbus ; including every inch of ground within our limits and jurisdiction against foreign invasion.' In the eighth" section of tlnfirst article of the Constitution, you find that Congress has power " To raise and support armies ; to provide and maintain a Navy ; to make rules for the Government and regulation ot the land and naval force ; to pro vide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions." ; Those various clauses confer upon Congress pow to use the whole military force ot the country for the purpose epeeinVd in the Constitution. They shall provide for the execution ot the laws of the Union ; and, secondly, suppress insurrections. The insurrections there referred to are insurrections against the authority of the United States insur rections against a State authority being provided for in a subsequent section, in which he United States cannot interfere, except upon the application of tlie State authorities. The invasion which is to be repelled by this clause of the Constitution is an invasion of the UnitedTStatss. The language is, Congress shall have power to "repel invasions." That givs the authority to repel the invasion, no matter whether the enemy shall land within the limits of Virginia, within the District of Columbia, within the Territory of New Mexico, or anywhere else within the jurisdiction of the United .States. The power to protect every portion of the country against invasion from foreigh nations having thus been specifically conferred, the framers of the Con stitution then proceeded to make guarantees for the protection of eaeh of the States by Federal authori ty. I will rad the fourth section of the fourth ar ticle of the Constitution: 1 : -; " The United States shall guaranty to every State lSSSU application of the Legislature, or of the Executive I twnen me legislature cannot be convened.) azainst Tk?-,. nCe-7 . . lwusc ctnuams inrce uisunet guarantees : first, the United States shall guaranty to every -J vt n 7 en , second, the United States shall protect each ' ed, protect them against0 domestic viol.n7e. Kow , submit to you whether it is not clear, from the was inserted for the purpose of making it the duty of the Federal Government to protect each of the States against invasion from any other State, Terri- . 1 .1. f ., 1 -. .. . for w erted? "Ttbti power mkT erted t TTBe power ana fhe di I ntruinst foreio-h n. tVins had alraadv lu-n nrnvided for. This clause occurs anions th iruaruiafroiu the United States to each Slate, fi the benelit of , . . . tions. If any further authority is necessary io show that such is the true construction of the Constitution, it may be found in the forty-third number of the Fede ralist, written by Jiaxaea Madison. Mr. Madison quotes the clause of the Constitution which I have read, giving these three guarantees ; and aftei dis cussing the one guarantying to each State a repub lican form of govern men t proceeds to con4der the second, which makes it the duty of the United States to protect eaeh of the States against inva sion. Here is what Mr. Madison says upon that subject : "A protection against invasien is due frina every society to the part composing it. The latitude of the expression here used seems to secure each State, not only against forsign hostility., but against am bitious or vindictive enterprises of its more power ful neighbors. The history both of ancient and modern confederacies proves that the weaker mem bers of the Union ought not to.be insensible to the policy of this article." The number of the Federalist, like all the others of that celebrated work, was written, after the Con situation was made, and before it was ratified by the- States, and with a view to securing its .ratification ; hence the people of the several States, when they ratified this instrument, knew that this clause was iutended to bear the construction which I cow place upon it. It was intended to make it the duty of every society to protect each of its. parts ; the duty of the Federal Government to protect each of the States ; and he says, the sm Her States ought not to be insensible to the policy of this article of the Constitution. Then, sir, if it be made the imperative duty of the Federal Government, 4by the express pro vision of the Constitution, to pretect each of the States against invasion or violence from the other States, or from combinations of despe radoes withiu their limits, it necessarily follows that it is the duty of Congress l o pass all laws necessary and proper to render that guarantee effectual WhileCogress,iu the early history of the Government, did provide legislation, which is supposed to be ample to protect the United States against invasion from foreign countries and the Indian tribes, they have fail ed, up to this time, to inake'any law lor thff pro tection of each of the States against invasion tfrom within the limits of the Union. I am un- able to account for this omission j but I pre sume the reason is to be found in the fact that no Congress ever dreamed that such legislation would ever become necessary for the protection of one State of this Union against invasion and violence from her sister States. Who, until the Harper's Ferry outrage, ever conceived that American citizens could be so forgetful ol their duties to themselves, to their country, to the Constitution, us to plan an invasion of ano ther State, with the view of inciting servile in surrection, mtirder, treason, and every other crime that disgraces humanity? While, there fore, no blame can justly be attached to our predecessors in failing to provide the legisla tion necessary to render this guarantee of the Constitution effectual; still, since the experi ence of last year, we cannot stand justified in omitting longer to perform this imperative duty. The question then remaining is, what legislation is necessary and proper to render this guarantee of the Constitution effectual ? I presume there will be very little difference of opinion that it will be necessary to place the whole military power of the Government at the disposal of the Presidi nf, under proper guards and restrictions against abuse, to repel and suppress invasion when the hostile force shall be actually in the field. But, sir, that is not sufficient. Such legislation would not be a lull compliance with this guarantee of the Constitution. The framers of that instrument meant more when they gave the guaiautee. Mark the difference in language between the provision for protecting the United States against invasion aud that tor protecting the States. When it provided for projecting the United States, it, said, Congress shall have power to 'r.pcl invasion." When it came totmake this guarantee to the States it changed the language and said the United States shall ''protect" eacti of the States against invasion. In the one instance, the duty ol the Government is to repel ; in the other the guarantee is that they will protect. In other words lhe United State are not permitted to wait until the enemy shall be upon your borders; until the inva ding army shall have been organized and drilled and placed in march with a view to the invasion ; but they must pass all laws necessary and proper to in sure protection and domestic tranquility to each State and Territory of this Union against invasion or hostilities from other States and territories. Then, sir, 1 hold that it is not only . necessary to use the military power when the actual case of in vasion shall occur, but to au.horiz the judicial de partment of the Government to suppress ail conspi racies and combinations in the several States, or molest or disturb its peace, its citizens, its proper ty, or its institutions, xou must punish the con spiracy, the combination with intent to do the act, and then you will suppress it in advance. There is no principle more familiar to the k-gal profession than that wherever it is proper to tlet lare an act to be a criui , it is proper to pa:u.-h conspiracy or combination with intent to perpetrate the act. Look upon j'our statue-books, and I presume 3-ou will find an enactment to punish tlie txu.itei titing of the coin of the United States ; aud then another section to punish a man fr having counterfeit coin in bis possession with intent to pass it ; and another sec tion to punish him for having the molds, or dies, or instruments for counterfeiting, with intent to use them. This is a familiar principle in legislative and judicial proceedings. If the act of invasion is crim inal, the conspiracy to invade should also ue jnauc criminal. If it be unlawful aud illegal to invade a Stt and run nfffiifHtive slave, why not maKe it unlawful iwful to form conspiracies and combinations in several States with intent to do the aci ? Wei hn told Lt notorious man who has recen- the have been told that a notorious man tly suffered death for his crimes upon the gallows, boasted in Uleaveland, unio, in a puoue ; assail u3 XX order that they may justify then: as- vear ao that he had theu a body of men employed . fn runtfng away horses from the slaveholders of saults upon the plea of self-defence. Missouri, and pointed to a livery stable in Cleave- J Sir, when I returned home in 1 858, for the pur land which ws full of the stolen horses at that time, pose of canvassing Illinois, with a view to a re- Unk it is withiu our cmpe.,c,, d coM ; 9.ueut,y our duty, to pass a law making every con spiracy or combination in any State or Tfcrritorv o this Union to invade another with intent to steal or run away property of any kind, whether it be ne groes, or horses, or property of any other descrip tion, into auothcr State, a crime, and punish the conspirators by indictment in the United State courts and confinement in the prisons or penitcntiar ries of the State or Territory where the conspiracy may be formed and quelled. Sir, I would carry these provisions of law us far as our constitu ionaj power will reach, 1 would make .t a crime to form conspiracies with a view of invading States or Ter ritories to control elections, whether they be under StrgffSfewrt ir Kwinf m Knrkth Muf New Eng. galleries.) In other words, this provision of the Constitution means more than tho mere repelling of an invasion when the invading army shall reach the border of a State. The language is, it shall pro tect the State against invasion ; the meaning ot which U to use ''the la guage of the preamble to the Constitution, to each State domestic tranquility against external violence." There can bc no peace, there can be 110 safety in any community, unless it is secured agiiust violence from abroad. Why, sir, it lias been a question seriously mooted in Europe, whether it was not the duty of England, a Powir foreigh to France, to pass laws to punish conspira. cies in England against the lives of the princes of France. I shall not argue the question of comity between foreign States. I predicate my argument upon the Constitution, by which we are govcruedt awl which wc have sworn to obey, and demand that the Constitution be executed in good faith so as to punish and suppress eery combination,, every conspiracy,, either to invade a state or to molest its inhabitants, or to disturb its property, or to sub vert its institutions and its government. I believe this can be effectually done by authorizing the Uni ted States courts in. the several States to take juris diction of tho olfence, and punish the violation 01 the law with appropriate punishments. It cannot be said, that the time has not arrived' for such legislation. It cannot be said with truth that the Harper's Ferry case will not be repealed, or is not in danger of repetition, It is only neces sary to inquire in to the causes which produced the Haruer's Ferry outrge, and ascertain whether those causes are yet in active operation, and then you can determine whether there is any ground for ap prehension that that invasion will be repeated.. Shi what were the causes which produced, tJiQ llar.per' -Ferry outrage? Without stopping to adduce evi dence in detail, I have no hesitation, in. expressing my firm aud deliberate, conduction that the Harper's Ferry crime was the natural, logical, inevitable re sult of the doctrines and teachings of the Republi can party,, as explained and enforced in their plat form, their partisan, presses, their pamphlets and books, and especially in the speeches of their lead ers in and out of . Congress. (Applause in the gal erics.) " ' " Mr. Masos. I trust tho order of the Senate wilt be preserved. I am sure it is only necessary to suggest to tho Presiding Officer the indispensable necessity of preserving the order of the Senate ; and I give notice that, if it is disturbed again, I shall insist upon the galleries being cleared, entirely. Mr. Douglas. Mr. President The Vice President. Tho Senator will pause for a single moment. It is impossible for the Chair to preserve order without the concurrence of the vast assembly in the galleries. He trusts that there will be no occasion to make a reference to tnis subject dgMr! Toombs. I hope that the Presiding Officer will place officers in the galleries, and put a stop to to this thing. It is a very bad sign of the times. It is unbecoming this body, or the deliberations ot any free people. The Vice Pkesident. Tbe Presiding Officer has not the force at his command to place officers in the gallery. Mr. Douglas. If the Senate will pardon me for a digression an instant, I was about to sugges1 to the Presiding Officer that I though it would be necessary to place officers in different parts of the gallery, with instructions that if they saw any per. son giving any sig.is of approbation calculated to disturb .-iir pioccedings, they should instantly put the guilty person out of the gallery. Tne Vice Pkesioent. That has been done. Mr. Docolas. I was remarking that I consider-, ed this outrage at Harper's Ferry as the logical, natural consequence of the teachings and doctrines of the Republican party. I am not making this statement for the purpose of crimination or partisan effect. I desire to call the attention of uiembcrs of that party to a reconsideration of the doctrines that they are in the habit of enforcing, with a view to, a, fair judgement whether they do not lead directly to those consequences, on the part of those deluded persons who think that all they say is meant, iu real earnest, aud ough to be carried out. The greaji. principle that underlies the Republican party is vio . lent, i reconcilable, external warefare upon the in stitution ot American slavery, with the view of its ultimate extiuctiuii throughout the land ; sectional war is to bc waged until the cotton field of the South shall be cultivated by free labor, or the rye fields of New York and Massachusetts shall be cut. tivated by slave labor. In furtherance of this arti cle of their creed, you find their political organiza tion not only sectional in its location, but one whose vitallity consists in appeals to northern Pw". northern prejudice, northern ambition aga .t sou thern States, southern institutions and sou h rn neonle I have had some experience in hghtmg fhtetement within the last few years, and I find that the source of their power consists in cxcuing the prejudices and the passions of the northern sec tion. They wot only attempt to excite the North, .gainst the South, but they invite the South to as sTil and abuse and traduce, the North, Southern abuse, by violent men, of northern statemen and northern people, is essential to the triumph of the Republican cause. Hence the course 01 argument wfai h we nave to meet is not only repelling the ap . peals to northern passion and prejudice, but we ' have to encounter their appeals to southern men to