VOL. 2.
THE GLEANER.
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, THIS PAFKR IS OH FILE WITH
Wh«r» A4vcrtUlns Contract* can be mad*
ti ,r 9
fl
ADVERTISEMENTS.
AF L 0 RENCE
' * 4
Sewing Machine
Will iriake a sticli alike on both sides It,
lias a reversable feed. It is made of liuc case
hardened steel. It lias no cogs, cams or wire
springs to get out of order, lias a self-rejjulat
iug tension. It will sew from light to heavy
fabric, and is adapted to all family sewing.
It is the prettiest maehiue made,and runs very
light—is almost noiseless, and is just what
every housekeeper ought to have l'he use Of
it can he learned from the book accompany
ing each machine. And it cau be had ou
monthly Installments if desired. We also
have a new.
.ntmiFACTURING Jfl Acm !N' K
tor very Ueury war!.,
which can also be used on fine work. This
machine wU make 5J853 stiches per minute.
Manufacturers will do well to order a Flor
ence B. at once.
The hundreds of the Florence now in use in
N jrta arolina prove its merits,and that our
people appreciate a good thing. Needles, oil,
thread and silk constantly on hand for all
machines and sent by mall to any part of the
State. W'C are also agent for the
BICKFOItD
Faatilr Hflltfli Machine
upon which S)0,000 stiches may be knit per
minute, aud from thirty to forty pairs of
socks may be knit per day, complete without
seam, ana perfect lieel and toe.
Hoods, Gloves, Shawls' Scarfs, Headings.
Ac., may be knit upon the "Woman's Help,"
and tbe price Is less than half tiie common
knitters, only *3O.
Correspondence solicited in relation to cith
er the Knitter or Sewing Machine and samp
les of work sent when requested. All orders
by mail will receive prompt attention.
And machines shipped to any part of the
State. Agent wanted in every bounty. Ad
dress
F. 0. CARTLAN'D,
General Agent.
UrMiiii.'),.
It. FORBIS & BROTH EH
(under the 3eubow Hall,)
GREENSBORO,' N C„
keep constantly on hand a complete assort
ment of FURNITURE. Repairing of every
dsneription, Including
Upholstering
neatly done. Their stock oonsUUof
CHSHBiEB SBTS,
ran-in* In price frou. #85.00, to *500.00;
S«M, Malat-lUsw. fmrtmr Mt B
'•I Vbsin. IsrtHH,
■niuw •Mlu.SsAM.tlrlls. Cm
4leu mm* TmSt«-Br4> fur Ibe
llule r«lk>, Dlsllimn ■*•
ttprimm ml every rmr
Arty a»4 aiylo.
Hat-racks and any snd everything in Ui
furniture line. Their stock is the largest an
- ®au complete ever offered in this portion
of tbe Kate. They defy competition Inquali
»y or price. - , apr
fJUIE GREENSBORO PATRIOT
B«TABLI*I»» IMt
Published weekly in Greensboro, N. C- bj
Duty A Albright, at *2.10 per year '.a ad
-postage included. ... !
Il is Dcmocratic-Conaerv alive In politics
*f™labor* zealously for the material proupc
rt»lof the Sooth generally and North Carol i
*• particularly.
Carolinians abroad should
' uot be without it.
THE A/AMAWK GLEANER
Gov, Tilden's
IiKTTKR OF AGCEPTANrE.
ALBANY, JUI.Y 31st, 1870.
GENTLEMEN: When 1 hail the hon«.
or to receive a personal delivery of
your letter on l>shilf of the Demo
ocratic National Convention, held on
the 28th of June, at St. Louis, ad-%
vising me ot iny nomination as the
candidate of the constituency repre
sented by that body ior the office of
President of the United States, I ans
wered that, at my earliest ccnven-.
ience, and in conformity with usage,
' 1 would proparo and transmit to you
a formal acceptance. Inow avail
myself ot the first interval in. unaf
voidable occupations to fulfill that
engagement. 1
* The Convention, before making its
nominations, adopted a Declaration
of Principles, which, as a whole,
seems to me a wise exposition of the
necessities of our country, and of the
reforms needed to bring back the
government to its true functions, t)
restore purity of administration and
to renew the prosperity of the people.
Wut some of these reforms are so ur
gent that they claim more than a
passing approval.
KEEOBM IN PUBLIC EXPENSE.
The uecessitv of a reform ''in the
scale of public expense—Federal,
State and Municipal."—and "in the
modes of Federal taxation," justifies
all the prominence given to it in the
Declaration of the St. Louis Conven
tion.
The present depressiou in all the
business and industries of the people,
which is depriving labor of its em
ployment, and carrying want into so
many homes, has its principal cause
in excessive governmental consump
tion. Under the illusions ot a spe
cious prosperity, engendered by the
false policies of the federal governs
uieiit, a waste of capital has been
going on ever since the peace ot 1865,
whichAioulU only end in universal
disaster.
The federal taxes ot the last
years reach the trigautic sum of ioO-J
millions. Local taxation has'i.nount-.
Ed to twostliirds as much more. The
vast aggregate is not less than 7500
nrUJJa»s.
Tins enormous taxation followed
civil ccnflict that had greatly iuif
paired our aggregate wealth, and had
mad a prompt reduction of expenses
indispensable.
ll was aggravated by most unscien
tific and id adjusted methods of lux
ation that increased tfic sacrifices of
the people far beyond the receipts of
the treasury.
It was aggravated, moreover, by ii
financial policy which tended to di
minish the energy, skill and economy
of production, and the frugality of
private consumption, and induce I
miscalculation in business and an uus
remunerative use of capital and la
bor.
Even iu prosperous times, the daily
wants ot industrious communities
press closely upon their earn
ings. The margin of possible nation
al savings is at best a small [lerce'iliige
of national earnings. Yet now for
these eleven years governmental
consumption has been a larger pro
potion of the national earnhigs than
the whole people can possible save
even iu prosperous times tor all new
investments.
The consequence of these errors are
now a present public calamity. But
they were never doubtful, never in
visible. They were necessary aud
inevitable, and were foreseen ana dc
picted when the waves of that ficti
tious prosperity ran highest. In a
speech made by me on the 24th ot
September, 186#, it was said of these
taxes:
They bear l cariiy upon every mail's in
come, upon every industry and every biu>i
ness ill me country, aud year by year they
are destined to press still wore heavily, un
less we arrest the system that, givesrise to
tliem It was compaiatively easy when val
ues were doubling under repeated issues of
1 gal te.ider paper money, to pay out of the
froth of oor grow ing aud apparcut wealth
these taxes, but when values recede aud sink
toward their untural scale, the lax-gatbcrei
takes from us not only our income, not only
ourproUts, but ai»o a portion of our capital.
« * » |do not lybh to exag
gerate or alarm ; I simly say that we cannot
afford the costly and ruinous policy of the
Radical majority of Congress. We
afford that polity toward the South. Wt
cannot afford the magnificent and oppres
sive centralism into which our government
is being converted. We canuot afford the
present magnittecnt *cale ot taxation.
To the Secretary of the Treasury, I
said, early in 1865:
There Is no royat road for a government
more than for an individual or a coporatiou.
What vou want to do now is to cut down
T our expenses aud live within your income.
1 would give all the legerdemain of Bnan«*
aud ttnancering—l would give the whole of
it for the old. homely maxim, "Live within
your income.
This reform will be resisted at every
step, but it must be pressed persis
tently. We sec tosday tbe immediate
representatives of the people in one
branch el Congress, while struggling
to reduce e*penditures, compelled to
confront the menace of the Senate
and tbe Executive that unless the
objectionable appropriations bo con
sented to, the operations of tbe gov
ernment thereunder shall sufler detri
ment or cease. Iu my judgment, an
amendment of the Constitution ongbt
♦o be devised separating iuto distinct
*biiis tho appropriations far the v*«
GBAHAM, N- C., TUESDAY, AUGUST 22 1876
rious departments of the public ser s
vice, and excluding from each bill
all appropriations lor other objects,
and all independent legislation. In
that way alone can the revisory pow
er of each of the two houses and of
the Executive be preserved and ex
empted from the moral duress which
often compels assent to objectionbie
appropriations, rather than stop the
wheels of the government.
THE SOUTH.
Au accessory cause enhancing the
distress in business is to bo found in
the systematic and iuaiiportublc mis
government imposed on the States of
the South. Besides the ordinary
effects o| Kuorant and dishonest ad
ministration, it Itus inflicted upon
them envriuMis issues ot fraudulent
were wasted or stolen, and the ex*
istence of which is a public discredit,
tending to bankruptcy or repudiation.
Taxes, generally oppressive, in- some
instances have confiscated' the entire
income of properly, and totally de
stroyed its marketable value. It is
impossible that these evils shoyld nut
react upon the prosperity of the
whole country.
j The nobler motives 6f humanity
concur with tliq material intersts ot
all in requiring that every obstacle be
removed, to a complete and durable
reconciliation between kindred pop
ulations once unnaturally estranged,
on the basis recognized by the St.
Louis platform, ot the "Constitution
of the United States, with its amend
ments universally accepted as a final
settlement of the controversies which
engendered civil war."
lint, in aid of a result so beneficent,
'.lie moral iuflucncj of every good
citizen, as well as every governmental
authority, ought to be excited, not
alone to maintain their just equality
before the law, but like " ise to estab
lish a cordial fraternity ami good will
among citizens, whatever their race
or color, who arc now united in the
one destiny ot a common self-govern
ment. If the duty shall lie assigned
to iiicj 1 should ujt fail to exercise
the powers with which the laws and
the constitution of our country clothe
its chief magistrate, to protect all its
•'ilizens, whatever their former con*
■*
Toition, in every political and person
al right.
Cl ItRKXCY RKFOKM.
"Reform is necessary," declare?
the St. Louis Convention, "to estab
lish a sound currency, restore the
public credit and maintain-the nation
al honor" and it goes on to "demand
a judicious system of preparation by
public economies, by official retrench
ments, and by wise finances, which
shall enable the nation soon to assure
the whole wold of its perfect ability
mid its perfect readiness to meet any
of its pr inises at the call ot tLc cred
itor entitled to payment."
The object demanded by the Con
vention is a resumption ot specie
payments on legal tender notes of the
United States. That would not only
"restore the i üblic credit" and
'■n aintain the national honor," but
it would "establish a sound curren
cy" for the people.
The methods by which this object
is to be pursued, and the means by
which it is to be attained, arts dis
close'J by what the convention de.
tuauded for the future, and bv what
it denounced in the past.
B ASK SOTK. RKSIMPTIOX.
Resumption of specie payment by J
the Government of the United States
on its legal tender u:les would es
tablish specie payment by nil the
banks, on all their notes. Thcoflhtfal
statement, made on the 12th ot May.
shows that the amount ol the bank
notes was 300 millions, less 20 mil
lions held by themselves. Against
these 280 millions of notes, the bank*
held 141 millions of legal tender notes,
or a little more than fifty per cent. .of
their amount. But they also 4ield on
deposit in the Federal Treasury, as
ttcurtv for these notes, bonds ol the
United Slates, worth ia goid about
:)60 millions, available aud current in
all the foreign money markets . In
retaining, the banks, oveu if it were
potable for all their notes to be pre
sented lor payment, would have 500
millions of specie funds to pay 280
miliums of notes, without contracting
their loans to their customeis, or
calling ou any private debtor foi pay
ment. Suspended banks, undertak -
jug to resume, have Usually bceu
obliged to collect from needy borrow*
ers the means to redeem excessive
issues, and to provide reserves. A
valine idea of distress is, therefore,
often associted with the process of
rcsum|itioii. Bat the condition* which
caused distress in those forinct in*
stances do not exist.
The government has only to make
g««od It* own premise and tbe banks
can take care.ot tliemselves without
distressing anybody. The government
is, tberefoie, the scle delinquent.
LKUA|.«Tfc>fW» KW-MTIUM
The amount of the legal uetw of
tho United Slates now outstanding is
lest than 370 millions o/doU»*» besides
34 millions of fractional carrenev.
How shall tlie make these
notes at all times as good as specie?
II has to provide,wiht reference to tho
mass which would be kept iu use by
the wants ot business, a central reser
voir of coin, adequate to tho alj ut
incut of the tempoary fluctuations of
International balauces, and as a guar*
aut v against transient drains artficially
created by panic or by speculation.
It has tisj to provide for tho pay
ment in coin ot such fractional cur
rency as may be presented for re
deinptiou, and such inconsiderable
portions of the legal tenders as huli •
viduals may,from time to time, desire
to convert for special use, order
to lay by in coin their little stores of
nionev.
RESUMPTION NOT DIFFICULT.
To make the coin now in the treas
ury available for the objects^of*this
reserve, to grr.dnqlly strengthen and
enlaif*that rescrWf, and to provide
for such other exceptional demands
l« r coin as may arise, does not scent
to me a work of difficulty. If wisely
planned and discreetly pursued, it
ought not to cost any sacrifice to tin
business of tho country. It should
tend, on the contrary, to a revival of
hope and confidence. The coin iu
the treasury on tho 3 )t.'i of Jam, in- ,
eluding what js held against coin cer- .
tificates, amounted to nearly 74 mil
lions. '/' lie current of precious mo- (
tals which has flowed out of our
country for tho eleven years from ,
July 1, 18G5, to June 30, 187t>, aver- (
ago nearly 70 millions a year was
millions in the whole period, of
which 617 millions were tho product* (
of our own uiincs.
To amass tho requisite quantity,
by intercepting from tho current
flawing out of the country, aid by
acquiring from the stocks which ex
ist abroad without disturbing the
equilibrium of foreign money mar
kets, is a result to bo easily worked
out by practical knowledge and jugd-
Ufeut.
Willi respect to whatever surplus
of legal tenders the wants ot business
may fail to keep in use, and which
iu order to save interest, will bo re
turned tor redemption, they caueith*
cr be paid or they can be funded.
Whether they continue as currency,
or he absorbed into the vast mass of
securities held as investments, is
merely a question of the rate of in
terest they draw. Even if they were
to remain ill their prcssnt forju, ai.d
the government were to agree to pay
on tliein a rate of interest, inakiug
them desirable as invcstmcuts, they
would cease to circulate and take
their place with government, state,
municipal, and other corporate and
private bonds, of which thousands of
millions exist among us. Iu the per
fect ease with which they cat, be
changed from currency into invest-?
incuts lies the only danger to be guar
ded against in the adoption of general
measures intended to remove a clearly
ascertained surplus; that is. the with
drawal of any which are not a peruia*
nent excess beyond the wauls of
business. Even uioro mischievous
would be any measure which affects
the public imagination with the fear
of an apprehended scarcity. In a
community where credit is so much
used, fluctatious ot values and vicis
situdes in bussiness are largely caused
by the tcmpoury beliefs of men even
before those beliefs can conform lo
j ascertained icalities.
i AMOUNT OF NECESSARY CI'BBKXCY.
The amount of lbs necessary cur* j 1
vency, at a given lime, cannot be dc- j
teruiiiied aibitrariiv, and should nol :
bo assumed on conjecture. Thai
amount is subject lo both perroaineut 1
and temporary changes. All enlarge* i
incut of it, which seemed to be dura
able, happened  hc beginning of 1
the civil warby a substituted use of 1
currency iu place of individual cred*
its. It varies with oftHain states of
business. It fluctuates, with consids
erable regularity, at different seasons
of the year. In the Autumn, lor in
stance, whea buyers of graiu aud oth
er agricultural products begin their
operations, they usually need to bor
row capital or circulating credits bv
which to make their purchases, aud
want these funds ill currency capable
of being distributed iu suiall sums
among numerous seller*. Tlie addi*
ti&ual need of currency at suoh times
is five or more porcent. ot tin*, whole
volume, and. if surplus beyond what
is required for ordinary use does not
happen to have been ou hand at the
mouey centers, a scarcity of currency
ensues, and also » stringency* iu the
loan market.
It was in reference to such experi
ences that, in a discussion of this sob*
ject, in my auuual message to the
New York Legislature of January 6,
1875, the suggestion was made th«t:
"The federal government is bound
to redeem every portion of its issues
which tlie public do uot wish to use.
Having assumed to monopolize the
supply of currency, and enacted ex.
elusions agaiust everybody else, it is
bound to furnish all which the wants
rof business require." * * *
, " • "The system should pas*
i sively allow the volume of circulating
. credits to ebb sud flow, according to
: the eyer-changlng w*u»» of business.
It should imitate, as closely as possi*
ble, the natural laws of trade, which
it has superceded by artificial contris
vances." And in a simnlar discus
sfon, iu ray message of January 4,
1876, it was said that resumption
should be effected "by such measures I
as would keep the aggregate amount
of the euriency self-adjusting during
[all the process, without creating, at
any time, an artificial scarcity, and
without exciting tlie public imagina
tion w th alarms which impair confis
deuce, contract the whole largo mas
ohinery of credit, and disturb the nas
tura! operations orbusiness."
MEANS OV RESUMPTION.
"Public economies, official re
trenchments and w'sc finance" are
tho means which the St. Louis Con..-
verition indicates as provission for res
serves and redemptions.
The best resource is a reduction of
i the expenses of the government be
low its income; for that imposes no
new charge on Hie people.
if, however, the improvidence nnd
waste which have cunducted us to a
period of fulling revenues oblige us
to supplement the results of econos
mies and retreclnnents by some ie>
sort to loans, we should not hesitate.
The government not to specu
late on its own dishonor, in order to
savo interest ou its broken promises,
which it still compels private dealers
to accept at lictitious par. The high
est national houor is not only right)
■tent would prove profitable. Of the
public deljt, 985 millions bear Inter
est at six per cent, ill gold, and 712
inillians at live percent, In gold, the
average interest is 5.58 per cent. 1
A financial policy which should se
cure the highest ciedit, wisely availed
of ought gradually to obtain a reduc
tion of one per cent, in the interest on
inosbof tlio loans. A saving of one
per cent, on the average would be
17 millions a year in gold. That sav»
ing regularly invested at four ami a
half per cent, would, iu less than thir>
ty-eight years, extinguish the prlncis
pal. The whole 1,700 millions ol
funded debt might ho paid by this
saving alone, without cost to the peo
ple.
ritOPF.tt TIMK FOU BKSCHrTIOX.
The proper time tor resumption is 1
(he time when wise preparations shull 1
have ripened into a perfect ability lo •
a:couiplish the object wMi a certain* I
ty and case that wiil inspire couti- •
deuce, and encourage the reviving of 1
business. Tho earliest time in which '
such a lesult sun be brought about is '
the best. Even when the prepara
tions shall have been matured, tlie
exact date would have to be chosen |
with rcterence to the then cxistingstate i
of trade and credit operations in our |
own country, the course oi foreign (
commerce, and the condition of the j
exchanges with otli'ir nations. The i
specific measures ami tho actual date |
are matters ot detail having reference. |
to ever-changing conditions. They ;
belong to the domain of practical ad- i
minis!rativo statesmanship. The cup- [
tain of a steamer, about starting from ,
New Fork to Liverpool, does not as- |
seinble a council over his ocean chart |
and tlx an angle by which to lush the i
rudder for the whole voyage. A hu* i
man intelligence must be at the helm 
to discern the shifting forces of the i
waters and the winds. A human '
hand must be on the helin to Icel the «
elements day by day, and guide to a 1
mastery over them. «
PREPARATIONS KOtt RESUMPTION. I
Such preparations are every thirg. ]
Without them, a legislativecofnwund i
tlx ing * lny,uu official promise fix- I
iug a day arc shams. They ure I
worse— they are a suare and a delus i
■ion lo nil who trust them. They de- 1
■lroy all confidence among thought*
fill meu wliose judgement will At last
sway public opinion. An attempt to
act on such a command or such a
promise, without preparation, would
end In it new suspension. It would
Im; a fresh calamity, prolific of confu
sion, distrust and distress. n
Til.. ACT Of JAX.IAKT Utll, 1h73.
The act of Congress of (Ise Uth of
January, 1876. enacted that, on and
after tlie Ist el January. 1879, tlie
gecrc'.aiy of tho Treasury slmll re*
deem ill coiu the lagal tender notes of
the United States on pieseufutiou at
the office of the assistant treasurer iu
tlie Cily of New York. It authoriz
ed tlie secretary "to prepare ami pro
vide for" such resumption of sj»cclc
payments by the use of any surplus
revenues not appropriated; and by
issuing, in bis discretion,ccrtain.class*
es ot bonds.
More than one and a half of the
four years have passed. Congress
aud the President o»ve continued
ever since to unite In acts which
liaye legislated out ol existence every
, possible surplus applicable to this
, purpose.
i Tlie ooin iu the treasury claimed to
. belong fo the goAernment,had,on the
i3O of Juue fallen to less than 45 millions
I of dollar* M against 69 millions ou
■ the Ist of January, 1876, and the
. availability of a part ot that sum »®
; said to be questionable Tho rcrc ;
I ntics ure falling taster thou appropri*
ations and expenditures are reduced,
leaving the treasury with diminish
ing resources. . The secretary has
done nothing nndSMiis [wwer to is
sue bonds.
The legislative command, the offi
cial promise fixing a day for rem nips
tion, have thus far been barren. No
practical preparation towards re
sumption have been made. There
has been no progress. There have
been steps backward.
There is no necromancy in Ibo ops
orations ot government. The homely
maxims of every-day life are the best
standards of its conduct. A debtor
who should promise to pay a loan
out of surplus income yet bo seen
every day spending all ho could lav
his hands on in riotous living, would
loose all character Ibr honesty veraci
ty. Ills offer of a new promise or
his profession as to the value of the
old promise, would al'ko provoke de
rision.
RESUMPTION PLAN OF THE ST. LOUIS
PLATFORM.
The St Louis platform denounces
the failure lor eleven years to make
good the promise of the legal tender
notes. It denounces the omission to
accumulate "any reserve for their re
demption." It denounces conduct
"which, during eleven years of peace,
has made no advances towards res,
sumption, no preparations for ..re
sumption, but instead has obstructed
resumption, by wasting our resources
and exhailstiiig all our surplus in
come, and while professing to intend
a speedy return to specie payments,
has annually enacted fresh hindct*
ances thereto." And having first do
noonccd tho barrenness of the prom*
ise ot a day of resumption, it next de
nounces that barren promise as a
'-hiudoranuo" to resumption. It
then demands tho establishment of ''a
judicious system of preparation" for
resumption. It cauiiQt bo doubted
tlint the substitution of a "sjstem of
prepartion," without the promise of
a day tor the worthless promise of a
day without "a system of prepaia*
lion" would be the gain of the hulv>
stance of resumption iu exchange for
tsshudjty.
JVoi' i« the denunciation unmerited
of that improvidence which, iu the
eleven yer.rs since the peace, has con
sumed 4.000 millions of dollars, and
yet could not afford lo give the pco.
pie a sound and itabiecurrency. Two
and a half per cent, on tho expendis
tures of these eleven years, or even
less, would have provided ail the ad*
diiiouul coin needful to resumption.
RELIEF TO HI'SINESg IHSTKESS.
Tho distress now felt by the poos
pic in all their business and indus
tries, though it has its principal ciuse.
iii the enormous waste of capital oc»
casionod by the false policies of oni'
government, ha* been greatly aggra
vated by the management of tho curi
rency. Uncertainty |is | Uie prolific
parent of mischiefs in all business.
Never were its evils more than
now. Men do nothing, because they
are unable to make any calculations
on which tlicy can safely rely. Tbcy
undertake nothing, .because they
fear a loss iu every thing they would
attempt. They stop and wall. The
lueichant dares not buy for the future
coufitttfiption of his customer*. The
manufacturer dares not make labrie*.
v» liich may not refund his outlay. He
tfhuls his factory and diwhatzes his
workmen. Capitalists cannot, lend
on security the* cosldcr safe, and tliclr
Tunds lie almost without Interest.
Men of enterprise who have credit,
or ►ccurieties lo pledge, will not
borrow. Consumption lias fallen be
low the natural limits of a reasonable
economy. Prices of many things ure
under their range in frugal, «t»ccle
payiug times before the civil . war.
Vast niasacs of currency lie in the
bauks ouu»ed. A year and a half ago
the
legal tender* were at Ihclr lar
gest volume, ami tbe twelve ...iltioiir
shire retired Bave bem rrplncrd l»>
tfciili i**ut# of fifteen million* 01
bank note*. In Hie ineitnlliue tin
bank! havo lean currcndorin { about
four million* a month. bocauxe they
caiinot ilinl a profitable u*e lor »o
many of their uote*.
The public mind will no longer ac
cept »ham*. It ha* suffered enough
from if.nsion*. An insincere policy;
ihcrcace* dUtrmt. An ui.«tabc puU
Icy increase* uncertainty. Tl»o |>eo.
pie need to know tbo government
I* moving in tbe dirction ot ultimate
safety and prosperity, and that it i*
doing AO through prndent. *afe and
cou*crvatire method*, which will be
*urc U* inflict no new sacrifice on the
business of the oonniry. Then the
inspiration of new loupe and well"
founded confidence will hasten (lie
restoring processes of nature and
-prosperity will begin to return. 9
The »t. LonU Convention conclu
des its expresion in regard to the cur.
rency by 1 declaratiou of fts covic
lion* at to the practical resuH* of tie
*y )• m utfi rjiapa if tail demaud*. It
says: He believe sucb a system yell
dcvUcd, and aboya all, to
competeut hands for execution,
ating at no time and artificial scarcity
of currency, aud at ug time alarming
tho; pu'jl|c mind latf * Itbdrjwal of
t ■
hat vasler ni»cl»juurifof credit b/.
!9 which uinety^vo.per .cent. of bu*f
nesss transactions are pe rlotnin
—a system open public, and ineplr
ing general conifidetice would, fron
s Mic (lav of Us afloptk) n bring healing 01
jit 9 wings to all our liarassoJ fndus
. tries, set in motion I lie wheels 01
, commerce maiml'aetnres and the mi -
, chanic arts, restore employment t>
labor, and renew in all its natural
sources the prosperity ol the peopie.'.'
The government of the Uuitc)
States, in my opinion can advance to
a resumption of specie payment on iTT
legal tender notes bv gradual tindeafc
piocestes tending to relit vo tjv*.
present bttrunons iluiiw. It chargeij
by the people with the administrati."*
ol the executive oflioe 1 sbouhl Jeem if
a duty to extreme powers witlj
\i hich It has been or n»a# Oe inveetcj
by Congress as best ami soonest, to
conduct t lie country to that beuctltx-ut
result. -
CIVIL SKiivtcE ltKronu. ;
Tho convention iustly affirms that
Relot'in is necessai y iu the ch'il 4>er
vice, necessary to its imrifi(Mu.il
necessary to its economy"and H effi-.
oleiicy. necessary iu order tbttt tl.o
ordinary employment of the pi&Ho
business may not be a prise tatigl.L
lor at the ballot box, a brief rentuu
01 party zeal instead of posts of .houor (
assigned lor proved competency, and
held for fidelity in the public em
ploy." The eon vent ion wisely added
that 'Mteform is uececusary eten ittdia
'■i the higher grades ot the pubis
service. President Vice-President
Judges, Senators,
Cabinet officers, these and
all others in authority aro the pe»f>
pie's servants* Their ofltces are not
a private perquisite tUoy ate a pt.blio
trust."
Two evils iulet l tbe oflkiul tat vioo
of tlic Federal government.
One is the prevalent. ami demo 1 ar
izing Lotion that the public service,
exists not lor tlie busineta ami boned
ot the whole people, but for tho inter
et ot the cflice holders, who uie iu
tmtli but tho servants of the pen pit .
Under the iuflciice oI this pernicious
error public employments' have l»eiu
multiplied; the numbers ot tho»e
ga* hered into the ranks o! ulike bolde. *
have been steadily incrresed beyond
any possible requirement of llie pub
lic business, while iui-tQcieitcy, |k'om
lation, fraud, and malver»>atll»ii of »U>
public funds, from the hijjlr places of
l»ower to the lowest, have overspread
tho whole service like a iopixwy,,
The other evil is tlieorgMtiiauifa'n >f
the official class into a body ot politi
cal mercenaries, so governing ino
caucuses and dictating the iioiuiuu
lions of their own party, and ai
tepting to carry the election* of. the
people by undue influence, and by
iniinence torrtipiion-futnls systematic
ally collectel from the salaries or fees
of otHco-holdors. The official class :u
other in alliance
with the army, has been aide to rulo
the unorganized masses even under
universal sullragc. Hero it has al
ready grown into *_ gigantic power
capable of stilling Ihe fii»pir»tioii»of ii
sound public opinion, and'of resisting
an easy chuiiuo of aditiiuistralio.i,
uinil uusgovernincnt becomes into era.
ble, and public spirit has b«yu stung
to Ihe pitch ofa civic revolution.
The llrst step iu lefoim is tho
'elevation ot the standard by which tho
appointing powor selects agents to
! execute'official trusts. Next in iiu>
i portaucc is a conscientious fidelity In
the exercise of authority iu hold U>
a ceo i ul and displace untrustworthy
or incapable subordiuu'e*. Tlie pule*
lie interest In uu houost, skillful per
loi'iuiiuee of olilclal trust may not bo
sacrificed to the usufruct of die ins
cumbents. *
After these immediate steps, which
will ensure the exhibition »»f better
examples, we may wiee'y no on to
the aholniou of uituecesauiy offices,,
and, linallv, to the patient, cutvinl
organization ofa  ivil service c» Mftn.
under the l«Ms, whenever pmetit übio
oi proved coinpofeucy and lideliiy.
While MiUt l) nmy be ttfeoinplnthed
by tlieoM IUO'.II >.!', it might encourage
delti'ive exjs-c 1 allyns if I witliei*'.
here tlie expression ot my eonvietio.i
that no ri*#>rm of the civil service in.
thU country wili be complete and
prruiaiiicui until its chief inagistiaio
Ueti'istiiuii'mally di»cjualilied lor re
election; experience having tepeaieiK
' |y ci|w>»«ti ihe luilUty of
lerflHelion* by candidate* or incuuts.
bents. Through this solemnity on.v
cin lie la: eflecluaily delivered Iron*
liis greatest temptation iu misuse the
(tower ami patronage witU wliloli tint
Executive is necessarily ctiaigcd.
COKCMSIOS.
Kdmated lu llto belief that it is tlu*
lirsl duty in a epiaeii oi the republic
Itr take his lair allotinetit of cart and
trouble In public affairs. I lw»re, or
fort) years, a* a private citizen.' fill
, filled tlual limy. Thoug Ii pecupied m*
an unusual tlegiee during all ilutt |«-
rlotl with the ctjucerns of govern
iiieul, I have never actjliirtol the hsK
> il 111 Official life. When, ay em «»i\l .y
i half ago, I entered u, on my }?fc**i.i
I trust, il wa» iu order .iu ct*usuninnii>'
reforms to which / hid ali-euiiy • -
! voted several of tins best years »f my
- lile. Knowing as 1 d-», theru.oii
s from fresh experieuce. lIOW great ino
, ditlermice is between gliding through
an official routine ami working out a
; reform Ol system* and policies, it is
' iinpos-iblc for me to coMeluj'laln
what needs to be d»>ue iu the federal
administ ration without i.(i auxions
sense of the difficult ies of • la* utuh r
•ta 1 ( 'g. If suinipouetl by t|ie BUll*ig« a
- qt my cpuutryuieu to atirmpi u s
n WO fc. I shall cnileavoi , wilii
t i.dp. io be the efficient iu.-trtiiueut of
: tbeir wilir
I SA.MrKL J,T«L//KX.
iTo Gpn. John A, jßil/'ui.K»tt|
Chairmtpi, Uetj. \V- Ii- {•'haxs.u.s.
lion, I. J. Aunvrr. Hon. 11.,f 3
' f*l'AX*tI(»H!»T, llou. H.J. ItKuBHEI.I»
i Iluti. K. Lyon and oiltef» } Oj.j}
1 uiittec, &c, v.
NO, 25