Constitution Starts CitizeSs Off in the Race on an Equal Footing » By CHARLES EVANS HUGHES, in New York Times. IT IS said that men are not created equal. It is self-evident that they are unequal. They have different inheritances, different environments, different capacities, different aptitudes, different tastes. These differ ences fneau inequalities, and these inequalities are disclosed in zest for life, in diligence, in opportunities and the keenness to perceive them jtnd the intelligence tvhich makes use of them. But the Declaration of Independence was ait affirmation.of political aims. The Constitution of the United States starts all citizens' off in the race for existence and betterment on an absolutely equal footing; but it is family inheritance, early environment, education—bestowed or ac quired—natural tendencies, habits and aptitudes which in large part oc casion the obvious and the seeming inequalities, whicfi are social rather than political inequalities. We are entitled to stand as equals before the law. There mu£t be no inequality due. to political privilege or exploitation. The. free citizen has a right to the impartial administration of justice—which knows neither rich nor poor; to the equal protection of the laws—which means the protection of equal laws; to the exercise of political privileges, without dis tinction of rank or color or class. We cannot be free unless in this sense we are equal, and the Declaration of Independence declares this right as (iod-gijcen, unalienable and free from the curse of political favoritism. Where in the world have the principles of the Declaration of In dependence had better observance than here? Where is the individual so tecure in the opportunity to gain a livelihood, to obtain an education, to enjoy wholesome recreation, to get the full advantage of every invention promoting conveniences and comfort, to profit by thrift and to improve his condition ? Where are general standards of living higher; and where is life itself worth while more than is this beloved country of ours? It would be easy to index defects. Abuses undoubtedly exist. No gov ernment can escape the ills due to evil purposes of some men. Any just measure of liberty can be abused. But do not burn your house to get rid of the rats. You do not need to overturn your institutions in order to secure better administrate of government. There is no promise of betterment in promoting class hatred. There is no advantage in uprooting the tree whose fruit we have enjoyed. There is no evil which cannot be cured by peaceful measures and through the use of the instrumentalities which our institutions provide. In every crisis we wake up. But we need the sustained attention which is the price of successful self-government. Indifference is the char acteristic of some of our people who have had the best advantages. They delude themselves with a false security and wash their hands of politics. 11 is idle to demand Americanization of the unaasimilated if those who are assimilated ignore their most obvious political duties. Institutions will not 6ave us; we must saye ourselves. Junior High School in Experimental Stage, Both as to Aid and Method By F. G. STECKER, American federation of Teachers. The junior high school is still in the experimental stage, both as to aid and method, and therefore it is too soon to-appraise it justly from the standpoint of its eventual usefulness. However, it has been established that such schools offer more possi bilties of differentiated curricula to suit special needs and abilities of children than does the traditional 8-4 plan; it offers to educators an op portunity for thorough-going reform and it may aid in the effort to re tain children at school who would otherwise leave at the end of the eighth school year: The dangers involved in the junior high school idea, in its present stage, are apparent in existing conditions rather than in their best possi bilities for educational good. The first danger is that such schools will be associated with the notion of economy to the detriment, if not to the exclusion of the principle of greater service to the pupils. At present teachers of the junior high schools often serve on a lower salary schedule and meet lower qualifications than do teachers in the senior high schools. The first necessity then, to a fair test of the value of such schools, is that qualifications of teachers shall be as high as those in the senior h\gh schools. Why Is It Proposed tovTake "Obey" Out of the Marriage Service? • By RT. REV. I. P. JOHNSON, Episcopal Bishop of Colorado. Why is it proposed to take the word "obey" out of the marriage serv ice? In my judgment because modern society has lost the sense of pro portion which lies at the foundation of the homeland, in order to justify itself, wishes to accommodate the word of God to palliate .the situation. The idea that the word "obey" connotes servility is the heresy of mod ern parents and the schism of modern families. The word "obey" is limited always by the circumstance* of its use. When a woman is asked to obey her husband, she does not lessen the glory of her womanhood. A family is a corporation, and either the man is the head of the family, or else it ia presided over by a committee of two, whith has no way of de termining a majority vote except by an endurance test. It is now pro- Dosed to endorse a headless family in the interests of accommodating truth to prejudice. God made man to be the head of the family because it- was his duty to provide and protect. The church exists to set forth ideals, not to justify the perversion of ideals. True International Mind Will Not Suppress or Override Patriotism By DR. NICHOLAS M. BUTLER, Columbia University. There has been marked advance in Europe during the past two years. The economic problem*, as well as those that are more strictly political, have become more clearly defined and public opinion is better informed concerning their real significance. It is generally agreed that the three rteps next to be taken are security, judicial settlements of international differences, and then sharp limitation of armamenta. The elimination of the brutality and the passions of war stands out clearly as the most press ing problem of this age. War will nerer be eliminated by any form of that internationalism which aims to ignore national tradition, national sentiment, national pride or national patriotism, but only by teaching and preaching that nations themselves are moral entities and that they have an obligation toward their fallow-nations exactly similar to that which an individual has toward hia fellow-men. The true international mind will not suppress or override patriotism, but will exalt it into a zeal for friendly co-operation and international service that mill strength en the nation, precisely as similar conduct strengthens jwd enriches the life of the individual. 1 West end of the Pricer ut Buinbrldge, Ohio, where excavators are finding great stores of treasures •f prehistoric Americans. 2—Julius Kosenwald, Chicago philanthropist, who has pledged $1,000,000 to fund for relief of Jews In other countries. 3—Omaha Municipal Auditorium In which the American Legion's national con vention will meet October 5. NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENT EVENTS Hylan's Defeat in New York Gives Smith Dominating Position in Party. By EDWARD W. PICKARD NEW YORK CITY'S political battle of last week, which was national ly interesting and in a way national ly important, resulted as the political wiseacres predicted—in the defeat of Mayor Hylan by State Senator Jinimle Walker for the Democratic mayoral nomination. That was the concrete result but as everyone knows, It meant that Gov. Ai Smith, who led the nntl-Hylan forces of Tam many, was still the dominant figure in the Democracy of the East and re tained the chance of the Presidential nomination In 1928. It meant, too, nn other failure on the part of William Randolph Hearst to control Demo cratic politics In New York. - Anticipating the defeat of Hylan, the Hearst papers were ready with the announcement that there would be "a ticket Independent of the Tam many hall street car owned Albany crowd" and assumed that It would be headed by Hylan. But the mayor killed all chance for a bolt by de claring for Walker. He said: "I am getting out of politics with a clean record. I have done my best." F. H. La Guardla, former Republican and now a Socialist, indicated his willing ness to head a third party ticket but apparently Hearst did not think him big enough for the Job. Therefore the mayoral election probably will be contested by only Walker and Frank D. Waterman, the millionaire fountain pen manufacturer whom the Repub licans nominated. Waterman swamped his two rivals John J. Lyons and W. M. Bennett. The Hearst press classes him with Walker as a "traction man." A 1 Smith's victory In this primary election means not only that he will have the backing of New York and other Atlantic states for the Demo cratic Presidential nomination, but also that if be wishes It he can have the Democratic nomination for sena tor from New York next year. If Walker Is elected mayor. Smith will have more power than any person In the country except the President. WISCONSIN Republicans. still faithful to the name and tradi tion of Robert M. La Follette, nomi nated the late senator's son, Robert M. Jr., to fill his father's seat In the senate. The young man piled up an Impressive majority over the combined votes of his three rivals, , Wilcox, Woodward and McGovern. Despite this his success at the special elec tion on September 29 Is not assured, for Roy Wi'cox, backed by the anti- La Follette faction of the party, is out as an Independent candidate, and there are otfeera. The Democrats went to sleep and their only candidate. Wil liam George Bruce, failed to receive the required 5 per cent of the Demo cratic vote of last fall. He, too, how ever, la running as an. Independent John M. Work is the Socialist nominee and George Rauman the Socialist-La bor candidate. Among other possible candidates are Arthur Barry, who favors light w'nes and beer, and E. F. Dithmar, former lieutenant governor. iiVoO with the hope that oar trans atlantlc friends will have suffi ciently big hearts and are good eoough business men to accept an equitable settlement Under these conditions I hope to succeed and I hope to give the United States an opportune to prove the Anglo-Saxon spirit pf fair pliy. I will not go to the United States to repeat the phrases which Americans have beard so often, 'France does not deny ber debts.' I go to tell the Americana, 'France pays her debts."" With these optimistic words Joseph Caiilaux, France's finance minister, started last week for Washington to arrange the debt aettlement With him conies a large delegation, includ ing, besides experts. Senator Henri Beremger, Louis Dansset, Paal Dupoy, THE ALAMANCE GLEANER, GRAHAM, N. C Marquis Chambrun and a few depu ties. Full power to settle the debt question has been given M. Calllaux by President Palnleve and the cabi net and their political fate rests on his. success. • Coincident with the departure of the French mission, Senator Smoot of Utah, a member of the American debt funding commission and chairman of the senate finance committee, Issued a statement In which he said: "The United States will settle with France without any reference whatever to the conference held between M. Calllaux. and Mr. Churchill or any propaganda by either one or both of them. The United States has nothing to say abbut any political deals or under standings between European countries and does not propose to be drawn into them.' M. Calllaux and his associates will be given every possible chance of presenting their side of the ques tion. The United States commission will look after the interests of Amer ica." At the same time Senator Borah of Idaho was conferring with President Coolldge on the debt question, and he indicated that any undue leniency given France would be opposed In con gress. Uumanla will send a debt commis sion to Washington In Octbber or No vember. M. Tltelescu, minister to England, who probably will head It, says Rumania will pay honestly, ac cording to her capacity. She owes America $45,000,000. England, France and Italy Insist that she settle her debts to them also. Rumania has an offset claim amounting to some $70,000,000 for bullion and state Jew els and art objects which, sent to Moscow In 1916 for safe keeping, were seized by the Bolsheviks. She also asks compensation for the dynamiting of her oil wells by allied engineers. GERMANY has received the Joint Invitation of the alllea to par ticipate In the negotiation! of the for eign ministers for the adoption of a European security treaty, which prob ably will begin early In October, and has been given assurance that Great Britain will Insist on absolute equality of treatment for Germany at the con ference. The draft of the proposed pact for western Europe Is ready and It contains nothing that could be In terpreted as placing Germany In the category of a vanquished nation. The treaties for Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia may have .to be shelved for a time, for they are more troublesome.. The Poles and Czechs feel that they are being abandoned by France aSd are sore. THERE were Indications that the League of Nations assembly would dodge the embarrassing Mosul boun dary question by referring It to the world court for settlement. The league does not wish to place Itself In the position of having one of Its mem bers refuse to accept Its decision, and that probably wonid happen If It de cided against Turkey and In favor of the British contention. The Turks assert that they are not bound by their promise of last year to abide by the decision, because conditions have changed. It was proposed In the as sembly to give the disputed territory to Great Britain on condition that It accepted a twenty-five-year mandate over Irak. Tbe Turks maintain the league's duty is to drsw the boun daries without conditions. President Mnstapha Kemal apparently Is pre pared for armed action If the case goes against Turkey, for he has con centrated thousands of troops behind tbe disputed frontier; but the British authorities profess not to be worried over the danger of warfare. CONSIDERABLE progress mis mad* laart week by the French and Sp»n lah armies In their drive against the Rlfflans, bot the natives were fighting hard In the central zone and renewed tbelr attacks on Tetuan In the west. They may be able to hold oat nntll the rainy season checks the operations of their foes. The main achievement of the French was the capture of El Bibane fortress, one of Krlm's strong est positions. It was recovered by the Rlfltans momentarily bat was retaken by the French after a furious assault In which the Infantry were aided by 190 air bombers and many tanks. I~\ KI.KG.VTE3 to the twenty third conference of the Interparliamen tary union which opens In Washington October 1 are on their way from all parts of the world. But one gentle man who intended to be present at'd to do a lot of talking will not ome. That is ShapurJl saklatvala, Com munist member of the British Rouse of commons. Last week Secretary of State Kellogg ordered revoked the passport 'visa already granted to the Red In London, explaining: "I do not believe in curbing free speech, nftr do I believe In making this country the stamping ground for every revolution ary agitator of other countries.'' Mr. Kellogg quoted from recent uttei'fcnces of Saklatvala from which It was con cluded that be was coming to the United States especially to spread Communism. The action taken was contrary to the advice of Sfnator Borah who believed it would Imply a greater lestrlctlon on free spee?h In America than In Great Britain, #bere Saklatvala has been permitted to say whatever he wished. TWO Investigations of avlatlow, one of the Shenandoah disaster and the bther a general Inquiry Into the adequacy of American air power, are "now under way. The former is beTng conducted by a board of naval offi cers; the latter by a special board named by President Coolldge, which Incidentally, or perhaps especially, will determine the degree of truth or falsity In the charges that Ooloneli Mitchell has been making against the army and navy air service. Mr. Cool ldge entertained the nine members of his board at luncheon Thursday and their procedure was mapped out. Though the President leaves It largely to the board to determine the scope of Its Inquiry, he let It be known that he thought the sessions should be pub lic, except when the testimony might touch on confidential matters pertain ing to the national defense. THE Soviet government of Russia has a lot to answer for already, and now is accused of a plot to cause a decline In the price of wheat In the United Statea and Canada for the purpose of creating unreat among the farmers of America. Rumors of tbls were current among traders in Chicago and Winnipeg and became so definite that the grain futures admin istration of the Department of Agri culture started an Investigation. Grain dealers have become suspicions that something Is wrong with the news from Russia, especially the recent official report telling of the big frheat and rye crop and of shipments of 2,000,000 bushels of wheat from Black sea ports. J. P. Griffin, a former president of the Chicago Board of Trade, said: "I think some wheat will be exported from Russian ports, but I believe most of tbe stories about Russia's fabulous surplus Is propaganda. This Russian bugaboo has been exploited ao much In recent years that one of our mem bers here a few months ago truthfully described the situation thus: 'Russia Is going to feed the world every sum mer, but before Christmas the world Is feeding Russia.'" "The continued offerings of Ilnaslan wheat for future shipment and tbe reported sales of ancb contracts to Italy and France are not convincing evidence of any purpose to deliver wheat on any Important scale," said B. W. Hhaw, former aaslstant secre tary of agriculture. "It Is said one term in the contracts requires pay ment of a substantial amount of money on tbe signing of tbe contract. Tbls money Is In the shape of a credit against which Uie Russian officials may draw for tbe purchase of goods. Tbe fact that England has not bought such contracts is significant of doubt In tbe English mind as to their »o*ad ness." SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE JARDiNE baa pat an end to the fight against merger of the Armon/ and Morris Interests by dismissing the complaint wblcb was Instituted by the lata Secretary Wallace In February, 1923. Mr. Jardine aaya the evidence shows the transaction was consum mated In order to reduce expenses and to increase sales, and that neither mo nopoly nor price manlpalaUno to tfee disadvantage of producer or rpawner has occurred. DOINGS IN THE TAR HEEL STATE NEWS OF NORTH CAROLINA TOLD IN BHOI£P~ PARA GRAPHS FOR BUSY PEOPLE Salisbury.—C. H. Goodrich. 80 years old, was instantly killed at Kannapolis, IB miles south of here, when struck by southern-bound Southern train No. 37, according to reports from Kanna polls. Washington.—Close to a million pounds of tobacco have been sold on the local market up to this time. The better grades are now being brought in and higher prices are resulting. There seems to be more demand for tips and heavier grade. Durham. —Durham county's new $175,000 home for the unfortunate poor and disabled citizens of the coun ty. located a few miles from the city on Roxboro road, will be thrown open for occupation about the first week in October. Winston-Salem. —Charles C. Haines, aged resident of South Fork town ship. was accidentally killed at his home. He was engaged in cleaning a well on his property 1 and had been blasting some rock from the bottom. Shortly after a load had been dis charged he entered the well, and the gas remaining resulted in asyhysiation. Lumberton.—During a severe elec trical and rain storm In the Southern part of the county a warehouse and 250 bales of cotton belonging to J. S. Oliver and Company at Marietta were totally destroyed by Ore which started by lightning striking the building. The loss estimated at $40,000 was par tially covered by Insurance. Lexington.—The long drought the past summer did not play havoc with the late watermelon crop in western Davidson county, as might have been expected, especially In those sections of Midway and Abbotts Creek town ships that specialise in the September melon. Several thousand dollars worth of these melons have been sold by farmers. Albemarle^—News reached Albe marle of the death of William F. Hart sell from the effect of gas while working in a well near Stanfleld. The well was 30 feet deep and when Hart sell called for help Webb L*e went down to assist. He succeeded in get ting the rope fastened about the un fortunate man. bu" was so affected by the gas that be had to be drawn out" himself. Statesville. —R. W. Oraeber, who has been farm demonstration agent for Iredell county for the past six years, has resigned his work here, effective November 30th. at which time he will take up work as forestry extension 'Specialist under the agricultural ex tension service of State College, Ra leigh. co-operating with the Federal de partment. Rockingham.—J. A. Holmes, and wife, Sarah Solomon Holmes, are now in Jail here to await trail on the charge of poisoning J. B. Solomon Mrs. Holmes, who was the widow of the dead man. and who married Holmes about the middle of August, was arrested In Oreat Falls mill Til lage here, and Holmes waa arrested a couple of hours later on the streets of Cheraw. Oreenville. —Mr. W. H. Woolard, a local banker, had a most peculiar ex perience with a black snake while on the golf course of jhe Country. Club. His little ton who was acting as caddy for his father in attempting to ex change clubs pulled from the club bag a black snake of more than a yard in length which immediately wrapped himself around the neck of the young ster. After some time the son was finally released and the serpent killed. Raleigh.—Katherine Pate, ten year old daughter of H. T. Pats, of West Morgan atrest. was beaten Into Insensibility with the butt end of a pistol In the hands of a burglar whom she surprised in the front hall of her home. The blow waa atruck the child while police were receiving frantic calls from all parts of the city in a n?w and unprecedented outbreahpOf burglaries in the steady series that has continued here without Interrup tion for more than a month. Statesvllls. —"There should be some wi / of marking men and women who give worthless checks, and then the merchant or other bualness man who accepts checks from those who are marked should be punished wltfr them." declared J Paul Leonard, vt ectuive secretary of the North Caro lina Merchants association and editor of the Carolina Retailer, la an edi torial appearing In the September number of the Retailer In which he dlacaases the constitutionality of the new bad check law, to be decided by the Supreme court. Spencer.—John Suddeth. aged ft. bollermaker helper for the Southern at Spencer, and residing near town, was killed by an out-going locomo tive from the Spencer yards. Hla body was found by yhrdmen after be ing run orer and completely cut In two by the wheels. Oreeaville. —An engineering corps of the State Highway Commission la now eagsged la placing stakes and do ing other work preparatory for the grading of the Oox Mill Highway ex tended which connects Pitt County hard surface with that of Craven Cauatyl Salisbury.—Officers here are hold ing three young white men for s*fe robbing and the men's car and pistols are being held at Statesrille where they were arrested soon after they are alleged to have held up Boots Nesbltt at a filling station here and robbed the safe. Lenoir.—The twenty-sixth semi-an nual session of the Caldwell County singing convention will be held at Harris' Chapel on Pearland and Caja mountain road Sunday. October 4. Burlington —E. L. Graves, 59, long a resident of Burlington, and one of the best known and highly respected citisens, died at Rainey hospital, where he underwent an operation two weeks ago. Bon lee. —Raymond Howard Brooks, the five year old son of Mr. and Mrs. Angus Brooks, died here at the home of Its parents following an illness of five months with meningitis. , Greensboro.—The North Carolina state board of examiners of trained nurses will hold examinations in Ra- Leigh, October 21, 22 and 23. Applica- tions for examinations may be procur ed by writing Mrs. Z. V. Conyers. P. O. Box 1307. Greensboro. Rocky Mount.—Appointment of I. P. Warren, of Hazard. Ky» to the newly created position of city engineer waa announced in a formal statement is sued by Mayor L. L Gravely. Winston-Salem. —Jessie V. Boyles. 57, died -at a local hospitol after an illness of about two weeks. Attending physicians pronouncing death as the result of poisoning which originated in an abscess of the arm. Greensboro. —Committees of busi ness men representing Gnwnsboro, Winston-Salem and High **t at Sedgefield. near here, to make arrange ments to indnce the postoElce depart ment to name a spot convenient to the three cities for a step on an air sail route. Charlotte.—The city of Charlotte added a woman. Mrs. Elolse Brown, to its police staff, as war on is begun. Her duty is to see that the streets are made safe for youag wom en. some of whom have been iasuited lately by mashers Concord.—Warrants charging trans portation of liquor bare been leaned by local police officers for Marvin and Dewey Mayberry ond Everett Martin, of Elkin. as a result of 4ke destruc tion of a Studebaker car South era passenger train here. Five S-gallon tins, four of them futl of liqnor were found by officers after the car was struck by the train. k Greensboro.—Licenses of two physi cians were'revoked by the State Board of Medical Examiners meeting here, on account of charges of violations of the narcotic laws. The charges were made by Federal agents and have been aired In the courts. StatesvilleFuaeral services for Milard F. Xash. prominent citiaen of Shltoh township. Iredell county. who woi Instantly killed on the Buffalo Shoals road when he rm OTer by an automobile drive* hy two ne- Kroea. were held at Pleaaaat Hffl Bap tist church. Fayetteville.—The First Presbyter ian church of Fayetteville wiß cele brate the 125 th anniversary of its or ganisation on November 2i and M. according to announcement made by officials of the church. A number of prominent speakers wilt be em the pro gram of the observance. Durham. —Final rites for Tttmmi* Thompson. 29, of 1113 West Mala street, who was killed when a motor truck la which he and two other* were riding overturned on a short street leading to the New Hope Valley road near Forest Hills, waa conducted from the home Klnston. Authorities throughout this section are seeking Walter Wood, a negro, alleged to have broken tat® the dwellings of E. E. Daugherty. Will Richordson. Dan Beddard. Jacob West and Thomas Dnnn. the last named a negro, in and around Dover. Wood Is described as a desperate character and aa ex-convict. Rocky Mount —John Burgess, pos tal clerk, was shot through the abdo men here when he attempted to frus trate the efforts of tour white masked bandits to rob ths loeol post office. The bandits escaped. Burgess, at a local hospital, said that he was shot with his own gua In ths affray. His condition Is regarded as serious. Hickory —R. L> Moody, of Ashevtlle. conductor oa the first section of freight trmla No. 52. «u probably fa tally Injured u a result of a misstep when he tried to swing tl»e engine directly In front of the Hickory pas senger station. His toot missed the step aad the engine dragged bin about 20 yards when his head struck a rise la a concrete buttress. He was found unconscious with hla head and leg severely cut. He was rushed to the office of a local doctor and giren treatment. Raleigh.—The North Carolina Orph an association wOl hold it* annual meeting with Superintendent Baraea. of the Methodist orphaaage. Raleigh, on Wedneaday. September 30. It is aa nounced by officers of the organise tlon. Shelby/—The "older boys" confer ence of the Hi T club of this district will be held In Shelby Friday, Satur day and Sunday, October IS, XT and 18, It has beea announced here. Over 200 hoys In the district from the Ten nessee line to Charlotte will be In at tendance according to Y. M. C. A. officials. _ y

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