THE ALAMANCE (»I.KA\I:U VOL LIT INDIANS HELD AS HEAVENLY G One cf the FOOT Original Co lettial Blessings. The Indian is the real advocate of To him it was the staff of life. Both he and it are distinctly Amerl zL The sailing vessels which car ried back to Europe news of the dis jjyery of the one bore also samples „f the other. Corn has meant so much to the Indian in his economic life that he came to reverence it. It ffa s one of the four original celestial blessings sent down to him from heaven, the Indianapolis News says. The others were squash, beans and to bacco. Corn meal Is used by the Pueblos and other Indians In all their religious ceremonials. No tribal un dertaking is complete, no official pro nouncement is effective, unless they are accompanied, at their reception, by the sprinkling of the sacred meal. medicine man finds in the meal, blessed and sanctified by his own hands, his chief ally in imploring the blessing of the good spirits which rule the Indian world, or In driving away the evil spirits which threaten to usurp the functions of the good. Growing corn will wither and die, seeds will not sprout, horses and sheep will per* Ish, families cannot prosper and the evil spirits of misfortune and disease will sweep the villages unless the sa cred meal is sprinkled at the begin ning of all undertakings. The chief fetich of the Pueblo medicine man is an ear of spotless white corn, adorned wltli a plume of downy white feathers bound to the top. Known as the mother, this ear of corn represents the mother of all mankind. With It the medicine man performs wonders. Pollen of corn and squash, especially among the Navajoes, performs an im portant function in sanctifying all un dertakings. It Is to them the most spiritual of material offerings and no ceremony connected with growth Is complete without it. Its symbol, as well as that of growing. corn, often appears in the sand paintings made famous by this artistic people, ancestors of the Indians, the so-called cliff dwellers, cave dwellers and mound builders, used corn. Among arrowheads, pottery, stone Implements and other artifacts found In the caves, cliff dwellings, mounds and ruins of communal houses of these prehistoric people, little ears of corn are often discovered. To these people the great American commodity probably was as essential as It became later to tbelr descendants. Feared Effect of Eclipse Stirred to frenzy of a purely relig ions character by the sun's eclipse, hundreds of thousands of Hindus from Calcutta congregated oh the banks of the sacred Ganges river, where they bathed and prayed for protection from the demon believed to be swal lowing the sun, which, being too hot to retain, Is causing It extreme an guish. The Hindus believe their lives >re profoundly affected by this demon wless they bathe in the sacred river. Business and household activities *ere at a standstill during the eclipse and cooking utensils were broken and sleep and travel were suspended. Judges in Russia Of 2,600 judges on the bench in the Cnlon of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1,410 are peasants and 882 are work men, according to data furnished by ®e people's commissariat of justice. Among 1,400 judges of instruction, 627 peasants and 292 are workmen. o fT tHhree per cent members t e Communist party, candidates membership or members of the .TT P r °selytes for membership «nm?M enty " foOr years of a * e >- Pr «- •hetotJii. ° ther 791 3udges " e "ie lnteiiige nzl(L Only 112 women are positions—not on the the judiciary establishment. Hair-Splitting hi mi£ all T?M Porter was a Tery care " ' keen youthful days he had oiraov 6Ver f y reprimanded for lnac taiam? ev *r since be had been ; tak| ngly correct > platform gen , tleman a PPW>ached on the "is ti * asked genially: -Xo It y tra,n ' P ort «rr i ter- «i» replle d the careful por "Don't f ° Des to th ® company, sir." i man t g £/ U r ! " snap P«4 tfce ol( * aesin that I T kn ™ I Uke thk ' , Want t0 toow ,f 1 ** I "Therl t0 Springfleldr Porter ■ need ' 8lr '" answered the line fOT ., hatß what we've got an en- A . D °ubly Helpful fcm(N« an . ty par,or announced Its wllV *»cht, w° ontribDt6 to ft* «*cti» Per at K *nsas City. Kans., 10 Vis, , h l °5 money earned by bob- Wr* T> , ot feminine mem hsued ih? Paßtop ' O- A. Finch, kuildln J bnllet ln: "While you're [ fag .|| p your beauty and marcel- U the bntM, r IOCk8 ' 7011,11 adding Separation of Latin and Greek Churches Apart from the theological discus sions, such as those arising from the addition of the words, "and the Son," in the creed, the separation of the Latin and Greek churches may be traced to the founding of Constanti nople and the political division of the Roman empire. Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople, had been deposed, and was succeeded by Photlus, who sum moned a Council of the East In 867, and passed a sentence of excommuni cation on the bishop of Rome. The churches became reunited toward the end of the Ninth century and re mained so until the middle of the Eleventh century, when, In 1064, Ml- I chael Cerularlus, patriarch of the I East, renewed the condemnation of . the Latin church, and was in turn ex communicated by Pope Leo IX. Ef forts toward reunion were made from time to time, and at Ferrara (1439) the Greek prelates signed a decree of anion, but were forced by the people and clergy to repudiate it Since then the two communions have remained separate. Bell Chimes Go Back to Fifteenth Century The ringing of a bell, or bells, to give notice of the beginning of church services, and at daylight and dark ness, is a custom lost In antiquity. The curfew was an ancient custom that has only recently passed away, and we still have the bell for a va riety of useful purposes in our pres ent day requirements. People visiting Europe for the first time are surprised at the melodies and peals of bells they hear. Some peals consist of as many as fifty bells, and the skill with which they are manipulated only comes after long practice in the art Historical documents show that there was a set of chimes about the year 850, which consisted of small suspended bells that were tapped with a wooden mallet. Of course bells are much older than this, but not chimes. Half swinging chimes were first intro duced In the Fifteenth century. In most cases—for chiming—the bell bangs dead, and Is struck with the clapper or with an outside or free hammer, or they are swung only short distances. Cultivate the Be»t Nearly all onr heartaches and carea are the products of worry. We let things rob us of oar peace and we are victims of conquerors. All the worry in the world won't make us better, but It will undoubtedly de prive us of the nobility which Is ours for the claiming. It Is oars to be un disturbed and undistressed. Doctor Brand, In Mrs. Barclay's "Rosary," told Jane Champion: "Here is a pre scription for you! See a few big things. Go for the big things. You will like to remember, when yon are bothering about pouring water In and out of teacups, Niagara Is flowing still." Help yourself to what is yours by right—health, happiness, upright ness, and love. If these things be yoars, then nothing can rob you of your best, and there won't be any waste.—London Tit-Bits. "Old Man" and "Dad" Asks one of those who are always viewing with alarm: "Does your boy call yon 'Dad* to yonr face and 'old man' behind your baekf It is quite possible he does, which worries us not in the least In fact, there are times when he calls us "old man" right to our faoe. And strange to say, it is at such times when the invisible barrier between father and son is most completely obliterated and confidential relations most firmly es tablished—lt is at such tiroes we can get In our best instructive licks with out any suspicion on his part that we are giving advice. Call us "old man?" He sure does, and why shouldn't he? We call him "old man."— Philadelphia Inquirer. State Constitutions The states in existence at the time of the drafting of the Constitution of the United States had constitutions of their own and it was upon these that the federal one was patterned. The states developed their documents from colonial charters, which in turn were modeled upon the charters of mercantile companies of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth centuries. Massachu setts Is the only state which retains the constitution framed tn that period, but it has been revised and amended. All the states, however. In their mod ern constitutions retain many of the principles and much of the frame work of the ether documents. Moslems and Christians Moslem women are not allowed te marry Christians by the terms of the modified form of the Swiss civil code now before the Turkish national a» sembly for ratification. The Inw, which prohibits polygamy and divorce by the mere whim of the husband, de clares as null marriage® MBUMW with Christians. 1 rv GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1926. Colers in History itFfBC colors are a sign of dominating masculine influence and have prevailed In color history even I T, *°roua reign of Louis XIV In ! I the ■eoaissance. On the advent of j | Louis XV, and the combination of | wealth with the rise of woman's in- j fluence delicate tints and Bhades were ! popular for the first time. At pres- j ent there are more than 2,000,000 dls tlactlens In color. First Fire-Irons It is less than one hundred and fifty j years ago since stoves were first"used on a large scale. The only flre-lrou In the time of Henry Vlll of England was tbe flre fork, a two-pronged Im plement for stirring and shifting the logs, • The development of the tongs, poker ahd shovel came along with the eventual general use of coal. Crude strips of bent sheet-iron were, in the beginning, used as fenders. Money in Snake Catching The snake business is quite a good one, for there Is an endless demand for snakes for the various zoological gardens. A good python fetches SIOO to |260, and the ugly and dangerous rattler $lO to $25. There Is also a market for small, nonpolsonous snakes, which are used as food for the > rarer varieties In captivity, and for j which about a dollar a pound Is paid. 1 ■ Had to Control Appetite Eating between meals was once considered a crime at Harvard unlver- ' slty. Students whose appetites were not satisfied with three square meals a day 275 years ago subjected them- 1 selves to fines. This fact was dis closed recently when ah old set of college regulations was unearthed In 1 the library of that Institution. *i Proof Beyond Argument "How will we know when the mll lenlum is here?" asks an exchange. When a woman drops a letter in a let- ' ter. box and then doesn't peer down Into the unfathomable depths to see if It went down, we may reasonably as sume that the millennium is approach- ! lng the city line. —Buffalo Evening ■ Times. I Pepys' Diary Unique la all English literature there Is nothiag that so reflects society of the time in which it was written, between 1660 and 1600, as Pepys' Diary. It was inscribed In shorthand by Samuel Pepys and was not published until' 1825. The years In which he wrote were gay and profligate times. Rivers Hamper Railroads With the exception of a few feeder lines, the railroads of Burma run north and south. The large rivers of the country, which flow In the same direction, assume immense proportions during the rainy season, and are tho chief obstacle to the construction of east and west railways. Lived to Advanced Age Marion Delorme, a celebrated French woman of the Seventeenth century, lived to the age of one hun dred and thirty-seven, according to a popular legend, although soldiers sent to arrest her In 1650, when she was thirty-seven, reported her dead. No Impossibilities Why should we call ourselves men, unless It be to succeed In everything, everywhere? Say of nothing, "This Is beneath me," nor feel that anything Is beyond our powers. Nothing Is Im possible te the man who wills. —Mlra- beau. \ Inconsiderate Barber A shudder ran down the spinal col umns of many persons living In one of the Cleveland suburbs when they no ticed a funeral wreath hung up behind the "You're Next" sign In the window •f the local barber shop. Simple Korean Clothing In Korea, some clothes are merely pasted together Instead of being se curely sewn, It Is said. They are pulled apart when wash day comes around, and are pasted together again when they a*e dry. Few Real Rembrandts Of all the 700 pictures which are ac knowledged as originals of Rembrandt only 86 are the real work of the mas ter, the other 665 being either works of his pupils or forgeries, a Rutgers professor asserts. Single-Handed Choir Mr. Peavey not only played the piano accompaniments but sang bass, contralto and tenor solos when neces sary. Tbe audience listened In rapt attention. —Musical America. Good Qualities First We are firm believers in tbe maxim that for all right judgment of any man er thing It Is useful, nay, essential, to see his good qualities before pronounc ing en Ms bad ones.—Carlyle. i ■?**«*********************« j HOW | ? NATURE MAKES PROVISION ? | FOR TRAVELS OF SAP.— | j How 'the water gets uphill in the r -J trunks and stems of trees and £ * plants has long been a sore pur- I * zle to scientists. Several the- * J orles have been proposed, none J * of them very satisfactory. TJn- * * til recently the one most com- J * monly favored was known as the * J theory of "capillarity," which X * assumed that the water rose In t * a stem much as oil rises In n * j wick, through the natural ten- * £ dency of liquids to climb up in J * narrow tubes and crevices. The- S * trouble was, however, that ordl- 5 J nary capillary attraction could ± * not raise water high enough or * * fast enough to account for all I * the losses through evaporation * * and use within the plant. Then * * there was another theory that * $ took Into account a supposed % * pumping action by the roots, or J * a so-called "foot pressure." This a * theory, however, was always * * very vague, and even those who * sjj claimed to understand It could t * not explain It very convincingly. * * A comparatively recent devel- J * opment is a theory that seems * * to explain the phenonunon and * * at the same time to be free from * :t: the objections that have over- £ * thrown the earlier ideas. This * * theory Is largely the outcome of X * experiments by a British sclen- * * tist, Professor Dixon. He found * * that by sealing a column of wa- j * ter In a glass tube and using ap- * proprlate experimental means, jji * he could make the water carry * | a considerable weight without * breaking. Ordinarily, of course, * | we think of a stream of venter J * as a thing as unstable as a rope * * of sand, but the trick seems to * * He in getting rid of all the air; T % for when this was done the wa- * * ter column could support a't * strain of several hundreds of * pounds per square inch. jjj * This is exactly the condition * we find in the 1 stems of plants. I How Dust May Be Used for Making Cheap Fuel If you pump cornstarch with air In to an Inclosed lube and Ignite the mix ture with an electric spark It will ex plode. Recent government experiments have shown In dust great explosive energy going to waste. It Is this that Is utilized In a new fuel announced recently, according to Popular Sci ence Monthly. Fuel made from dust or scourlngs not only will make use of waste ma terial, but will reduce a big potential fire hazard in manufacturing plants, explains W. A. Noel, an engineer of the bureau of chemistry of the De partment of Agriculture. It would solve the problem of cheap fuel for factories, he adds, for It may be used in steam or gas engines. Wood, metal, leathers, chemicals, cork, rubber, sugar, grain, cocoa and cinnamon are but a few of hundreds of products from which the inflamma ble dust may be obtained. Probably the most powerful of all dusts Is that of aluminum, while grain dusts are available In the greatest quantities. How Races Decay But why this swift, continual flux? Why this Incessant growth and decay, this birth, senescence nnd death of races? Can It be that races, like indi viduals, go through processes of in fancy and childhood, of maturity and senility? Can It be that natural laws, such as limit the life of members of a species, limit the life of a species as well, and that tribes of plants and animals are mortal because of the very laws that brought them into be ing, and that their sentence of death Is written In their very certificate of life? Perhaps perpetuity is not even potentially possible for any race—at least, for any race higher than the protozoa, those one-celled animals in dividually capable of enduring for ever; perhaps there is a fixed natural period, a racial "three score y&irs and ten," beyond which no species can nor mally endure; perhaps various grow ing diseases and weaknesses of the racial mechanism must ultimately prove fatal, just as physical defects must eventually destroy . the indi vidual.—From "The Decline of Man,'' by Stanton A. Coblentz. Foreigners in Shanghai Forty-five foreign nationalities were disclosed in the last census of the French and international settlements at Shanghai. Of these the Japanese ' led with a population of 18,804. Eng- , land was second with 8.191, llussfa I third with 4,109, and the United States fourth with 3.00& The total popula-' tion of Shanghai, Including territory properly belonging to It, was estimat ed at more than 2.000,000. The total 1 Chinese population within the bound aries of the two foreign concessions was 1,107,851. FROM PALETTE TO MORTAR BOARD Young women artists turn from their jars o£ color and paint brushes to assist plasterers in setting ornaments In place atop huge pylona which adorn the main entrances to the Palace of Agriculture and Food Products, of the vast exhibition buildings which forms a part of the great Sesqui-Centcnnial International Expo-sition being staged in Philadelphia from June 1 to December 1 to celcbrato the 150 th anniversary or Uio signing of the Declare* tion of Independence. CMmbing ladders and walking along rickety gcafiold3 Is nothing now to these young ladies, but each timo they do it they get a thrill. Sicilian Brigand The Madonian mountains In Sicily have for a long time been infested with brigands who linvo been com mitting murders and robberies and kidnaping people without being mo lested. The new Fascist prefect and the new chief of police determined to rid : the terrorized inhabitants of these human pests. They surrounded all the small towns adjacent to the moun tains with militiamen, policemen and mounted carabineers, and after a four months' blockade they have captured the notorious brigand, Ferrarello, and his band of 50 men, who havo been raiding the surrounding districts for the last 33 years. All Is Vanity! "Vanity of vanities, snith the preacher, vanity of vanities; all Is vanity." Morris Flshbein, editor of the Jour nal of the American Medical associ ation, agrees with the preacher. "America's beauty bill," he told (he Des Moines Federation of Women's Clubs, "Is $00,000,000 a year." And he attacked vigorously plastic surgery, cosmetics, "beautlcluns" and "cos metologists" who share In this great vanity fund. The doctor finds no merit In rouge or even beauty creams. Venus didn't bave any, nor Cleopatra, he said tri umphantly.—New Orleans Item-Trib une. Sun and the Weather The chief of the weather bureau, Dr. C. F. Marvin, Is not one of those who believe that solar variation Is of Importance In forecasting weather. He thinks variation in the Intensity of solar radiation Is of small importance to the government in-teorologlst In prognosticating future climatic condi tions. 80 far, says Doctor Marvin, he and his colleagues in the weather bureau have found little to substanti ate the contentions rtf certain students In the Smithsonian Institution to the effect that the fluctuations In weaiher can be uscribed to the variation of tlie rays of the sun.—Pathfinder Mag azine. MolecuUa A "molecule" is the smallest part of a substance that can exist separately and still retain its composition and properties; the smallest combination of atoms that will form a given chem ical compound. In physics, the struc tural unit, as distinguished- from the atom, and r.pplled to particles of gases In the kinetic theory independently of | their relation to the chemical mole- , ctilo. Snow Reef in Mountains One of the few snow reefs to be.: found in all the Rocky mountain range. Is on "Snow Reef Top" in Gla- ; tier National park. This snow reef Is , there the year round and Is much raved over by landscape painters and cumera artists. In some parts of this reef, which forms a crescent near the mountain peak, the snow is drifted 100 feet high. Fought to Establish Jewish Independence The Maccabees was the name of a family In Syria, which during the Sec ond century before Christ, resisted the persecutions inflicted upon the Jewish nation by tlie Seleucldae. After the death of Mnttathias, the lender of the revolt. In 100 B. C., his son Judas Maccabaeus, defeated the Syrians in three battles, reconquered Jerusalem, purified the temple, and re stored the worship of Jehovah,, saya the Kansas City Stnr. He was slain in ambush In 101 I?. C., and was suc ceeded by Ids brother, Jonathan, who was raised to the dignity of lilsh priest, but was afterward treacherous ly slain ct Ptolemals In 114 15. C., by Tryphon, tbe guardian of the young prince Antiochus Theos. Ills brother, Simon, then succeeded to the leadership of the common wealth, and completely established the Independence of the Jews. After seven yars of beneficent rule, he was mur dered, together with ills t*o sons, by his son-in-huv, Ptolemy, vainly hoped to be chosen bis SH*vf«wor. John lljrcnnuy, >f Simon) the nest ruler, flo renewed t/10 alliance with Rome, conquered Idtimaea. and took tlw» title of king, 107 IS. C. Syria be carno a Roman province In C." li. C. Nature's Adaptability If rabbits In a lnl>oratory are made dizzy for a brief period every day, the little semicircular canals In their heads will l>ecome udjusfed to tlie new state of things, and Anally their beads will not swim any more. Evi dence on how the apparatus for bal ancing the body gradually adapts Itself to situations has recently been reported by Dr. Knight Dunlap, pro fessor of psychology at Johns Hop kins university. Doctor Dunlap pro duced the state of dizziness and the Jerking of the eye* known as nystag mus In the rabbit* by rotating them and applying cold to the ears. It Imd bdon previously found that candidates for aviation need not be rejected because their heau swam easily when they were spun around In a chair, as they mij;ht become adapt ed to the unur?ual motion. Stymied at Lunch. Golf Is a game that has a special vocabulary of its own, and beginners are at first a Utile at sea with re gard to the meaning of some of the terms. You are "stymied," for ex ample, when your opponent's ball lies directly in the path your own ball must take in order to drop into the bole. The Tatler saya; A gentleman was plowing on a cer tain links in Scotland wl »-n ho turned to bis caddie and said: "I say, caddie, why couldn't that fellow get his ball Into the hole?" "He was stymied, sir," was the re ply. "He was. whatT' "He was stymied, sir," repented the raddle. * "Ohj was he?" replied the other; *1 thought he looked rather funny at tench."—Youth's Companion No. 5. fcUREAU OF HEALTH EDUCATION, N. C. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH CROUP Unfortunately, this word croup hu been used as a name for various con ditions, some serious and some not, until there Is Bome misunderstanding in the minds of many as to just what the word means. Literally, croup is a disease charac terized by laborious and suffocative breathing, with sometimes spasm of ! the larynx and sometimes a local ru'obrane in the throat. Diphtheria j also causes a membrane in the throat ; and when the disease la serere the ; swelling in the throat causes a chok ing with difficult breathing. Because of this similarity, diph ; theria is sometimes called croup. This | is unwise for it leads to confusion and : often obscures the seriousness with which diphtheria should always be j considered. i "Itis" is a suffix meaning infiamma tion and laryngitis means an inflant , mation of the larynx. Among the less serious affections of the respiratory tract in infants, none gives more alarm ing symptoms acute, spasmodic laryngitis. During a spasm of the larynx in infants there are very few diseases which strike such terror to the hearts of parents, and yet as com mon as it is, it is consoling to know that babies do not die from such spasms alone. A characteristic of sim ple catarrhal laryngeal conch is that it is absent early in the day, that it begins toward evening and increases in intensity during the night, and *» a t t even without treatment, improvement comes fn the early morning hours. It is during the stage of greatest inten sity, usually about midnight, or be tween eleven and three o'clock, when the apasm of the larynx occurs which gives rise to the symptoms that are so distressing to the child arid the pa rents. Cyanosis and difficult breath ing, except in unusual cases, is pre* ent only daring the spasm. Any doubtful or suspicious ca99 should have immediate medical attaa> tion to be sure the trouble is not diph theria. While the doctor is coming use every effort to relax the tpasM by heat and steam from boiling water. Either hut or cold packs about the neck arc helpful. Keeping the infant in overheated rooms during the day and subjecting it to drafts and chilling at night prs» disposes to spasm. «■» Ingenious Scheme Keep» Parental Line Intact Kespect for one's elders is a I'.ralsc worthy custom, which, neverthe less. may be carried too far, J. D. in Adventure Maga zine. On Kaga. in the New Hebrides It has become quite bad form to let one's nu rents die. Of course, It ia rather difficult to keep them alive if they full out of a tree and break their necks, or meet a shark while they are swimming about in mid-ocean, and ex treme old age is also responsible for many casualties. Even so, the respected parent must net die; he must, on the contrary, live more vitally than ever, and the practi cal-minded indigenes have found a perfectly simple solution to this awk ward problem. They go to the next Tillage or a neighboring island and buy a child of the desired sex, whom thoy adopt—as their father, mother or grandparent, as the case msy require. The child is given the deceased's name, rank and precedence. He ia treated with every mark of respect formerly accorded the real relative— at least when the occasion calls for ceremony. This makes for astonishing confu sion among relatives, and it drew from one visitor, who came from another iclund, the scornful comment: "Raga I Oh, that is the place where they marry their granddaughters 1* * Crow Dsserves No Mercy. The crow is generally regarded ky naturalists and sportsmen as one of the most destructive robbers of birds In the country and his depredations occur chiefly daring the nesting season when the young are helpless. As a result of the enormous damage caused by crows In the destruction of game and nseful birds, movements have been ftnrted in several parts of the country to conduct' a vigorous warfare against them. In some states there are al ready bounties on crows. Anti-crow clubs are being formed in localities everywhere throughout the country where the crow has become a pest Doctor Warren, who has made exten sive studies In bird life, believes that the crow Is one of the worst of aU destroyers and his conclusions liava led him to denounce this predatory spades in severe terms.