THE ALAMANCE GLEANER
VOL. LII.
NimKv
Tribal Markings of Native of Northwest Australia.
(Prepared by the National Geographic
Society, Washington, D. C.)
Commercially, northwestern
Australia burst out of obscur
ity during the last generation
or so and became an Im
portant region on the map, for It is
the center of the world's mother-of
pearl industry and a considerable con
tributor to the store of pearls and
gold. Eleven million dollars' worth of
mother-of-pearl shell and three mil
lion dollars' worth of pearls were won,
in a period of ten years, from the
waters of the Indian ocean which lap
its shores.
The country Is still known chiefly,
however, by the products which It
out. Fifty-odd years ago there
was not a single European settlement
in this vast section of Australia, and
even now the census returns give a
population of less than 7,000 souls, ex
clusive of aborigines.
From 1628 the northwest coast was
visited by many bold mariners, in
cluding De Witt and William Dam-
Pler, but It was not until 1837 that
the first definite attempt at explora
tion was undertaken by Capt. George
Grey—an attempt that was only part
ly successful. The first pastoral set
tlement In the Roebuck bay district
was established in 1863, and in 1879
• Alexander Forrest made his memor
able trip, via Beagle bay and King
sound, to the Fltzroy and Margaret
rivers.
In 1882 Sir John Forrest of Bun
bury, the noted Australian explorer
ind statesman, made an investigation
In this division, and shortly afterward
wall and Slattery discovered the first
Payable gold In the country at Hall's
week. Then definite settlement of
leat tract of country really
latest expedition for the ex
n of the region was made
he past few years In a small
r , the Culwulla, from Broome,
of 90 miles along the coast
the party to Ledge point,
a visit was made to Beagle
sslon station, established thir
-8 ago by a Spanish religious
There are 250 blacks perma
at the station, while tribes
ie outlying districts make It
ial visits. This mission con
), 000 acres of land, has sev
msand cattle and hundreds of
> n d pigs. Coconut and date
'"urish and water Is obtained
'ng deep wells.
Plenty of Edible Fish.
J of Heagle bay Is Chilli creek,
there Is a 28-foot tide. At the
? waters recede nearly seven
tnder the mangrove trees
rl "ge the coast there are mil
crabs. Some are bright blue,
scarlet—all about the size of
ent piece—while large crabs,
ches long and of a yellow
Bmpiy swarm over the sand.
Mheries wealth of this coast Is
able every m le t and river
* valuable edible fish. At
- a system of catching fish by
traps Is in vogue. The traps
e of wire netting, with wings
orm a race. The tide does the
n . e ,ra Ps are covered at high
when the water rushes out,
swept Into the wire, being
rvLiV 00 '
h ttii wh,ch 18 reached
and swirling tides, M.
th frenchman, has lived
e ilacks for more than thirty
e owns a lugger, lives In a
ckjJl" 13 has a retl nue of some
- "~ men , women and children.
As a typical beachcomber, he Is far
from being the picturesque figure that
many writers about tropical lands and
Isles describe.
At the entrance to King sound there
Is a group of Islands known as the
Buccaneer archipelago. On Sunday Is
land, one of this group, Sydney Had
ley has a mission station, where he
utilizes the black gins (women) for
collecting the trochus shell, which he
ships away. It Is from the trochus
shell that so-called pearl buttons are
made —an Industry carried on In
France and Japan.
North from the sound lies the
"Graveyard," the bete noire of the
skippers of the coast, where tiny is
lands and dangerous reefs arc sprin
kled all over the sea. Captain John
son took the Culwulla through the
Graveyard and passed safely to the
more tricky Whirlpool pass, where
the little craft made three complete
turns In the comparatively narrow
channel a little more than four miles
In length. At times this pass Is quite
unnavlgable. Its banks are more than
400 feet high In places, very rocky,
and run sheer down. The rise and fall
of tide here Is 35 feet.
Hunting the Dugong.
At Dugong bay, an Inlet In Collier
bay, several splendid specimens of the
sea cow or dugong were captured. The
hunting of the dugong was carried
on by four enormous blacks who
joined the party at Sunday island.
They proved a great asset as good
workers and as interpreters when the
party met strange blacks. At times,
however, the Sunday islanders were
foiled, as aborigines In different lo
calities speak different dialects.
The dugong is caught like the
whale, but, owing to the great thick
ness of its hide, many spears are
turned and broSfen; so the hunting is
not always carried out with success.
This mammal Is believed by some to
have suggested the Idea of the mer
maid, because it holds its young to its
breast and suckles it. The flesh has
a flavor akin to both beef and pork,
and It is eaten by whites and blacks
alike. The meat is used like bacon,
fine leather is.made from the hide,
and the oil obtained from the animal
possesses valuable medicinal quail
ties, having extraordinary powers of
penetration.
The Sunday islanders speared a
splendid specimen that measured fully
12 feet in length and weighed nearly
600 pounds.
Butcher Inlet provides another re
markable illustration of the power of
tlie tides on the northwest coast, as
50 miles Inland the rise and fall Is 18
feet, while at the entrance the fluctu
ation is 30 feet.
Montgomery island Is one of several
small bits of land dotted among the
dangerous coral reefs which strew the
coast for miles north of Butcher Inlet
On this Island the blacks are noted
for the' remarkable way they orna
ment their bodies by means of cica
truces. Their markings are said to
be the most unusual in Australia. The
skin Is cut with a sharp shell, and
mud, obtained from around the roots
of the mangrove scrub which grows
In the salt water, Is then rubbed re
peatedly Into the wound. Tribal
marks are made thus, and each man
carries his visiting card on his body.
Some excellent pioneer work Is be
ing accomplished at Port George mis
sion by Messrs. Wilson and Paton,
who, with their wives, have produced
a veritable Garden of Eden, with trop
ical fruits, flowers and vegetable*.
GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY, MAY 20, 1926.
TM KITCHEN]
i CABINET i
L j
(©. 1916. Western Newspaper Union.)
Who Is the wisest woman—she
who says the right thing at the
right tlmeT No, Indeed—but she
who leaves unsaid the wrong thing
at the tempting moment.
SALADS
The salnds which follow may be
properly termed national as they are
the favorite salads
several countries
fm^gwjkßSEa. or localities, the
name of which la
given to the salad:
French Potato
boiled potatoes In
to dice, add one
small onion finely-chopped; a few
tablespoonfuls of finely-chopped
chives and a tablespoonful of minced
parsley. Let stand for an hour or
two to season with a French dress
ing, adding a generous amount. of
cayenne. Serve on lettuce and top
each seirvlng with a spoonful of rich
mayonnaise; sprinkle with minced
chives.
German Salad With Sausage.—
Boil four breakfast sausages twenty
minutes, cut Into half-inch pieces.
801 l one-half pound of sauerkraut ten
minutes, drain and cool and mix with
the sausage. Cut thin slices of winter
radish into very thin slices and ar
range around the dish, sprinkle with
finely-minced shallot, pickles and
capers. Serve with French dressing.
Russian Tomato and Bardine
Salad. —Arrange a bed of lettuce in
a salad bowl. Peel four tomatoes of
medium size, cut fine and mix with a
few sardines boned and chopped.
Place on lettuce and serve with may
onnaise.
Chicken Salad a la American.—
To one cupful of finely-minced cooked
chicken add one cupful of tender
celery finely cut, one apple minced
fine, one-half of a green pepper also
minced. Mix with a highly seasoned
boiled dressing and serve on lettuce.
SEASONABLE G9OD THINGB
Salads are always acceptable. The
following Is nourishing enough to take
the place of a main
M dish at a meal:
I V'/J East India Salad.
Cream until
[to: |.*V) —IjF smooth two cream
« KVjL-:. ,j) cheeses with one-
cupful of equal
y- S parts of cream and
milk, add one-half
cupful of grated cheese, three-fourths
of a tablespoonful of gelatin softened
In a tablespoonful of cold water, then
add one tablespoonful of boiling water.
Season with paprika and cayenne and
turrt Into a border mold. Chill thor
oughly, remove from the mold, arrange
on a bed of lettuce and serve with the
following sauce:
Curry Sauce.—Mix one-fourth of a
teaspoonful of pepper with three
fourths of a teaspoonful of salt, a few
dashes of cayenne, five tablespoonfuls
of olive oil, three tablespoonfuls of
mild vinegar and one teaspoonful of
curry. Beat with a dover egg beater
until well blended.
Lettuce With Sherry's Dressing.—
Mix three-fourths of a cupful of olive
oil with five tablespoonfuls of vinegar,
one teaspoonful of powdered sugar,
one small southern onion chopped fine,
one tablespoonful each of red and
green pepper, one teaspoonful of salt
and a few dashes of cayenne. Put Into
a mason Jar and for five min
utes. Set on Ice and let stand an
hour; shake well before using. Serve
on lettuce.
Creole Loaf.—-Take one and one-half
pounds of meatrfSwrk and beef mixed;
one chopped, salt,
pepper und one/ cripflfil of cooked oat
meal ; make lqrfo a loaf, adding a cu|>-
ful of tomato' Place In a baking pan
and pour over "the I»af another cupful
of tomato and one-half of a chopped
onion. Roast, basting often. Thicken
the gravy, serve with the meat. Bake
one-half hour In a moderate oven.
Lamb Patties.— Put through the
meat grinder any uncooked meat from
the shoulder or neck, form into balls,
I wrap each in strips of bacon, skewer
with a toothpick and fry until the
bacon Is crisp and brown. Serve the
patties with a pan gravy.
Now that the field mushroom Is in
season there are so many delightful
dishes which may be prepared with
them. Creamed and served In patty
shells of timbal cases, served with
broiled beefsteak, by cooking them in
a little butter and adding them to
the beefsteak gravy. Creamed on toast
or In combination with sweetbreads,
broiled and served on toast and any
number of other ways will be suggested
as they are used. It is a pity that
this delicious vegetable should go to
waste from lack of appreciation, as
often there will be found bushels of
them in the fields.
Improving Cream
and Milk Supply
Scoring Contests Serve to
Create Interest in Bet
ter Quality.
(Prepared by the United States Department
ot Agriculture.)
Cities, villages, and even whole
counties are improving their milk and
cream supply through scoring contests,
says the United States Department of
Agriculture. While the contests are of
various kinds, all of which serve to
create an Interest in better quality
milk, two general classes are empha
sised by the department as worthy of
consideration. These are the contests
in which samples of milk and cream
are submitted voluntarily and surprise
contests In which the samples are col
lected from the distributer or producer
without warning. The bureau of dairy
ing has drawn up plans for. use In such
contests which should be of Interest to
any community contemplating a tnllk
lmprovement program.
Samples Specially Prepared.
Where the samples are specially pre
pared by the exhibitor and submitted
voluntarily for scoring, the results may
or may not Indicate the quality of the
product regularly sold. And yet, says
the department, when contests are first
held In a community or large territory,
they do have considerable educational
value because they show that milk of
high quality can be produced by ob
serving certain simple rules. Voluntary
samples are perhaps a better method
to use In the first stages of improve
ment work.
Surprise Contests.
Surprise contests, on the other hand,
are a means of determining the aver
age quality of the milk which each
distributor Is selling dally. Each dairy
Is generally scored on the average of
several samples taken at random over
a period of several months. The score
is therefore representative of the dally
output. Well-organized Inspection de
partments usually give the dairyman
reports of each sample soon after it ts
collected, and if it is unsatisfactory
there Is a chance for Improvement be
fore another is collected. For this
reason an excellent opportunity is of
fered the inspector for doing educa
tional work. This, coupled with the
public recognition given dairymen who
produce a superior product, has helped
to obtain marked Improvement In the
quality of milk and cream In commu
nities where surprise contests have
been made a part of the regular in
spection program. 1
Stock Keepers Without
Silos Are Handicapped
Stock keepers without silqs In
many parts of our country are handi
capped and sooner or later will be
obliged to give way to the man who
Is producing with economy and profit.
It Is estimated that an average silo
will save a stock farmer ?200 per year,
and on this basis $400,000,000 would
be saved each year. At the same time
the corn growers would be securing as
much more by getting a good price
for the corn they market.
Such a proper use of the silo would
not cause an oversupply of stock or
stock products, but It would produce
them at a great saving which would
be enjoyed by both the producer and
consumer. Economy helps all, while
waste and extravagance damage all.
The stock farmers of this country,
AUGUST SEEDINGS OF ALFALFA
NOT FAVORED BY SPECIALIST
Winter Poorly and Produce
Small Crop.
August seedlngs of alfalfa are poor
security for the farmer. L. F. Graber,
alfalfa specialist at the Wisconsin Col
lege of Agriculture, warns farmers
against August seedlngs, for experi
ments at the college show that they
winter poorly and quite often produce
a small crop the following season.
"If we have plenty of rain and good
weather to promote late fall growth,
alfalfa may get a good start befor#
winter sets In but dry weather and un
favorable fall growing conditions are
far more likely, Graber declare*. IJ«
points out that August seedlngs which
fnake only three or four inches of top
growth do not yield profitably the fol
lowing season.
August seedlngs sometimes .succeed,
bat are always a big risk, Graber as
serts. Since the farmer Is completely
at the mercy of the weather with late
summer-sown alfalfa, he recommends
waiting until spring to make a success
ful seeding.
In warning against the late fall cut
ting of alfalfa, Graber maintains that
there is absolutely no danger of alfal-
except those who are depending sole
ly on the open range, should un
derstand that the silo for many years
has proven an economic means of
producing stock £nd stock products.
The Ignoring of this fact, and prac
tice In the corn belt of the old-fash
ioned methods of feeding, are largely
the cause of the present distress
among the farmers of the corn belt.
A proper use of the silo would go
a long way toward settling the pres
ent agricultural problem, and It is
certainly worthy of our careful con
sideration.
Muskmelon Growing and
Marketing Discussed
Muskmelons usually referred to by
the trade as cantaloupes are grown
commercially and for home use over
a wide range of territory In the United
States, but the big commercial produc
ing areas are located In California,
Colorado, Arizona, Georgia, North
Carolina, Maryland, New Jersey and
Arkansas, according to Farmers' Bul
letin No. 1468-F, "Muskmelons," just
Issued by the Department of Agri
culture. '
Approximately 82,000 acres are
planted to this crop annually, and
about 32,000 carloads of the melons
are shipped to the markets.
Muskmelons require a well drained
or rather light fertile soil with fairly
lonp growing season and plenty of
sunshine, especially during the ripen
ing period. Growers must be prepared
to combat Insects and diseases that
attack muskmelons, and good seed Is
highly essential for profitable produc
tion.
The bulletin emphasizes that musk
melons attain their best flavor and
quality only when produced on dis
ease-free vines on which they have
beeu allowed to become reasonably
ripe before being picked. It contains
numerous suggestions concerning pro
duction and marketing, Including in
formation relative to soil, fertilizers,
varieties, cultivation, irrigation, gath
ering, handling, grading, and packing.
A copy of the publication may be
obtained free, as long as the supply
lasts, by writing to the United States
Department of Agriculture, Washing
ton, D. C.
Sudan Grass Forage Is
Recommended for Swine
Sudan grass and sorghum are very
similar, and while the Missouri sta
tion does not have any experimental
data available showing the value of
Sudan grass It Is believed thaj|)lhey
will vary little from those obtained
with sorghum. The general recom
mendations for feeding hogs on Sudan
grass would ( be the same as those
given for feeillug on sorghum. Sudan
grass may bo pastured with little or
no risk.
The Kansas station makes the fol
lowing report regarding Sudan grass:
"Sudan grass Is the best annual
forage crop for hogs In the warmer
sections of the country, und It com
pares favorably with alfalfa us a mid
summer hog pasture because It Is
very hardy and stands the hot, dry
summer very well. Results secured
at the Kansas experimental station
showed that Sudun grass compared
very favorably with alfulfu us a -pas
ture crop for fattening hogs and for
brood sows."
fa smothering even though a fall
growth of two or three feet remains
during the winter. At the college farm,
alfalfa has been allowed to grow to an
fcntlre year without cutting. The fol
lowing year this field wan among the
best In thickness of stand and vigor of
growth. A heavy fall growth for win
ter protection U good Insurance, Gra
ber concludes.
Pure-Bred Ram Improves
Flock in Short Period
"Pore-Bred Sires and Flock Im
provement" Is the title of a chart just
issued by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture showing the ad
vantages of good breeding, if demon
strates by diagrams that a pure-bred
ram Improves a flock as much In two
generations as a grade does In five,
the grade lo this case being three
quarters full blood.
The chart Is patterned after a sim
ilar one dealing with cattle, which
has been unusually popular as a
means of extending the use of pure
bred sires. The sheep chart Is printed
In leaflet form, size 0 by 7, and copies
may be had on application to the
U. S. Department of Aarlciiltnra.
Individuality in Home Building
Is Obtained by Good Designing
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Floor Plan.
By W. A. RADFORD
Mr. William A. Radford will answer
questions and give ADVICE FREE OF
COST on all problem* pertaining to the
subject of building, for the readers of
this paper. On account of his wide
experience as editor, author and man
ufacturer, he la, without doubt, the
highest authority on the subject. Ad
dress all Inquiries to William A. Rad
ford, No. 1827 Prairie avenue, Chicago,
111., and only Inclose two-cent stamp
for reply.
As we pass along any street lined
with homes we are often Impressed
with the fact that houses are very
much like people. Some are large and
others small, some plain and others
bright and gay, some old and others
new. Some have an Individuality
which Is long remembered while others
are almost Immediately forgotten. This
Individuality among houses Is just as
marked as It Is among people and, as
with people, when a house stands out
from Its neighbors because of Indi
viduality which is pleasing. It Is one
with which we wish to have a con
tinued association.
For this reason people everywhere
are striving more and more to attain
Individuality In their homes and so to
build them that they will express the
personality of the owners. The Inex
perienced may attempt to do this by
decorating the houso with novelties
and special features, but the result Is
never satisfactory and the skilled de
signer will accomplish the purpose In
a more satisfactory manner by the
use of good design.
Take, for example, the little home
pictured here. There Is nothing fancy
or pretentious about It, but the ob
server Is Instantly Impressed with Its
Individuality and remembers it long
after many of its more pretentious
neighbors are forgotten. It is a sim
ple frame cottage with walls of wide
lap siding and a roof covered with
composition shingles in blended colors.
The terrace and porch are finished In
stucco and the chimney is of a well-se
lected brick.
It Is the skillful combining of these
elements and the careful attention to
proportions and the well treated roof
lines that make this house successful
In the attempt to express personality.
The lattice effect In the opens of the
terrace and at the windows and the
long French 1 -* windows themselves do
much to overcome any tendency to
ward plainness without creating any
of the effect described as "ginger
bready."
With such well-handled exterior
deslgnweneednot^^omta^^^
NO. 15.
an Interior which has been treated
with equal skill. The plan provides
for five rooms and bath. These are a
living room, dining room, kitchen and
two bedrooms. The living room, at
the front. Is entered directly from the
porch and ranged back of it are the
dining room and kitchen.
At the other side of the house are
the two bedrooms both of a size to
meet all practical needs and provide
ample wall space for necessary fur
nishings. The bathroom Is placed con
veniently between them and a small
hallway gives access to this portion of
the house from the dining room. This
hall also contains an entrance to the
basement stairs.
The kitchen is of the small compact
type with built-in equipment arranged
to make the most complete use of
every Inch of space and reduce the la
bor of housework to a minimum. Con
necting with It Is a large pantry which
will be appreciated as a storage place
for household supplies, and as a place
to Install a refrigerator in such a way
that It may be Iced from the back
porch.
Compactness la a conspicuous fea
ture of the whole arrangement In ac
cordance with modern ideas and re
quirements which demand a maximum
of utility with a minimum of building
expense and housework. It is the
same demand which has created the
modern kitchenette apartment, the de
mand growing out of the Increased
cost of real estate and building, the
lack of servants and the qew apprecia
tion of the waste of too mnch time de
voted to caring for little-used rooms.
Slate Found to Have
Many Desirable Uses
Thresholds, door and window sills
of slate are most appropriate and en
during. No other material Is more
beautiful, sate, Impressive and Inex
pensive for stair steps, risers, land
ings, wainscoting, coping, baseboards
and plinths than slate The use of
slate on stairs will avert many a
Inside window sills of slate are not af
fected by moisture from flower stands
or vases. *
Colors Blended for Roof
Shingles may be dipped In several
shades of red, green, gray or other
colors, and may be laid without any
suggestion of a fixed design, prodn^'^y