THE ALAMANCE GLEANER
VOL. LII.
WHAT'S GOING ON
NEWS REVIEW OF
CURRENT EVENTS
Leader of the Cantonese
Armies Issues a Bold
Defiance to World.
By E. W. PICKARD
THERE is to be no peace in China
until the foreigh powers abandon
their extraterritoriality rights and
concessions and the "unequal treaties"
have been abolished.
Such is the bold assertion of Gen.
Chiang Kai-shek, the young leader of
the Cantonese armies that have been
sweeping upward from the south along
the Yangtse river toward Shanghai. In
his declaration, which is virtually a
defiance of the great powers, he says:
"Conquering of the northern mili
tarists is but a step in the revolution
ary army program. We must Instant
ly remove extraterritorial foreign con
cessions, put an end to the foreign su
pervision of customs, and to the for
eign post offices.
"We positively will not agree-to the
gradual abolition of extraterritoriality
over a period of years or await re
adjustment of China's law courts, but
we must abolish before the .revolution
ends foreign Judicial Jurisdiction.
"This revolution purposes the down
fall of imperialism, not as It Is con
fined to China alone, but our opposi
tion to it must spread to other coun
tries under imperialist yoke.
"Denunciation of the Belgium treaty
by Wellington Koo, minister of finance
in the Peking government, meets our
approval. We are willing now to en
ter into treaties with the powers on
an absolutely equal basis, considering
at present no treaties exist as all are
unequal.
"Within this month we will Lave es
tablished the capital of China at Wu
chang, removing the government bu
reaus there from Canton. China will
have a committee form of government.
"Our attitude toward' America fs
Irlendly, but we consider America an
Imperialist because she has not given
the Philippines freedom. Any country
holding territory outside its natural
boundaries has an Imperialist nature
and must relinquish claims to such
territory."
This may sound like bombast, but It
must be remembered that Chiang is
generalissimo of a huge army with
unknown resources, that his cam
paigns have been remarkably success
ful, that he has the advice of Russian
military experts and presumably the
promise of backing by the Russian
6oviet government. The day after his
defiance . was made public dispatches
from China said that General Yang
sen, former ally of Wu Pel-fu of Pe
king, who controls the western portion
of Hupeh province and the eastern
part of Szechwan province, definitely
had gone over to the Cantonese. He
has 50.000 troops. Including 12,000
around Shansl province, near which
fighting has been reported. General
Yang-sen's defection gives all Szech
wan to the Cantonese, also clearing
the flanks and gfvlng • freedom of ac
tion against Marshal Wu Pel-fu's
forces. In Honan province.
It Is asserted In Washington that
the United States and 11 powers are
"oon to make the announcement that
they cannot abandon their nationals
In China to the mercy of the Chinese
courts of law uhtll order Is restored
there and the dispensation of Justice
Is assured. This decision is based on
the facts uncovered by the interna
tional commission headed by Silas H.
Strawn. The report has not yet been
tf v en to the public, but It Is known to
fh'e necounts of the travesties on Jus
fee perpetrated upon foreigners with
in the last two years uftder the regime
of the war lords of China, each of
w hom In the territory he rules has con
tltuted himself Judge, Jury and high
Mecutloner.
the State department at
Washington gave out the recent
correspondence with Mexico City In
'he controversy over the oil and land
it was revealed that Secretary
e "°gg In his last note served plain
Notice on the Calles government that
confiscation of American property un
er those laws, which go Into effect on
French Mining Town
Has Staged- "Comeback"
.. ens > the big French coal town that
' a ' for four years the doubtful honor
a front seat In the World war, and
as flat to the ground when It ended,
as "come back."
fa'! Bt '" * lofl an war she d for a
j r ° a * station. Its hosplt&l occupies
■ tterln S bungalow, its church is
y Partially rebuilt, its cemetery still
D , . a '° a Partly upheaved with unex-
shells burled along with the
January 1 next, would be followed by
severance of diplomatic relations. Sir.
Kellogg gave Mexico to understand
that if Americans af*e deprived of the
properties they acquired prior to 1917,
when the nationalization program was
adopted and in defiance of the under
standing on which Washington recog
nized'the Obregon government in 1923,
the American government will with
draw recognition of the Mexican gov
ernment.
Down In Mexico City the party lead
ers assert there is no prospect of the
enactment of any legislation acceding
to the American demands; but they
also look for nothing more serious
than a continuation of the contro
versy. The United States Is expected
to reiterate that the laws in question
are retroactive and confiscatory. The
Mexican government is expected to
stand pat on its suggestion to Secre
tary Kellogg that he base his protests
on concrete cases of retroactivity and
of confiscation.
OF ALL the dominions of the Brit
ish empire, only India and North
Ireland seem dissatisfied with the de
cision reached by the imperial confer
ence—that the empire shall hence
forth consist in theory as well as In
fact of an alliance of independent Brit
ish nations under one king. As the
adopted plan states of the dominions:
"They are autonomous communities
within the British empire, equal In
status, in no way subordinate one to
another In any respect of their domes
tic or external affairs, thotfgh united
by common allegiance to the crown
and freely associated as members of
the British commonwealth of nations."
India is displeased because she is
omitted from the arrangement for the
reason that her status was fixed by
the India act of 1919. North Ireland
objects because the new title of the
king—"George V, by the grace of God,
of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Brit
ish dominions beyond the seas, king,
(jefender of the faith, emperor of In
dia" —Includes Ireland as a unit,'not
recognizing the partition of Ulster.
The Ulsterites fear this Is part of a
plan to force them to unite with the
Irish Free State.
THERE were two Important devel
opments In the long-standing con
troversy over the best route for the
proposed waterway from the Great
Lakes to the Atlantic. The Joint en
gineering commission of Cahada and
the United States made public Its re
port indorsing the St. Lawrence plan.
It urges harnessing of the St. Law
rence river for development of about
2,500,000 electrical horse power for ap
portionment between the United
States and Chnada and the opening up
of the river hnd lakes to permit the
commerce of the world to penetrate to
the head of the Great Lakes. The cost
is figured at $509,000,000. Of this to
tal $275,000,000 is set out as charge
able to the navigation project, which,
from the standpoint of the Middle
West, Is the big feature.
On the other hand, the Mississippi
Valley association declared itself in
favor of the so-called all-Amerlcan
route from the lakes to the seaboard
at New York city. This was the rec
ommendation of the resolutions com
mittee headed by Thomas F. Cunning
ham of New Orleans.
* LBERT B. FALL, former secre-
A. tary of the Interior, and Edward
L. Doheny, oil magnate, went on trial
last week In the Supreme court of the
District of Columbia, on charges of
conspiracy to defraud the government
in the oil leases. The prosecution
contends that for SIOO,OOO, the pur
chase price of a New Mexico ranch.
Fall aided Doheny's Pan-American Oil
company in obtaining a fraudulent
lease on the government's naval oil
reserves l l' of Cnl1 "
fornia, that the money was paid No
vember 30, 1921, and that' It was a
bribe.
The defense is that the leases were
made to aid the government's naval
policy, that patriotism dictated the
contracts on both sides, that the SIOO,-
000 was a loan to Fall because of a
friendship that had existed for 30
years, cemented around a prospector's
campfire on the southwestern desert
AMONG the decisions handed down
by the Supreme court of the
United States last week was one of
especial Importance to public utilities
concerns and their patrons. The court
held that the "spot" reproduction cost
old miners, but It has an Impressive
savings bank. This building pictures
the economic condition of Lens.
The miners are steadily employed,
are fairly well paid, are living well
and saving money. There are 120
mines in the Lens district, of which
110 are again working full blast They
turned out 2,802.205 tons of coal in
October. This Is Just about the aver
age prewar production for those mlries-
When other mines are restored the
Lens region will go far beyond Its
record before the Invasion.
of a public utility's property Is Its
fair value for rate-making purposes
and that the utility Is entitled to not
less than a 7 per cent return on the
value so determined. Justice Brandeis,
in dissenting from the opinion of his
colleagues, declared that " 'spof re
production would be impossible of ac
complishment without the aid of Alad
din's lamp." He held that any esti
mate of "spot" reproduction would be
"delusive" If based on "spot" prices of
labor, materials and money when the
plant required years for completion.
jpther opinions of the court upheld
the confiscation of automobiles used
In the Illegal transportation of liquor;
declared rigid zoning laws constitu
tional and a public necessity; and re
jected an appeal questioning the va
lidity of the Massachusetts daylight
saving law. The court also upheld the
sentences Imposed upon William P.
Brims, former president of the Car
penters' District council In Chicago,
and 24 other officers of either th«
council, the mill men's association or
the Carpenter Contractors' association
In Chicago, for conspiracy to violate
the Sherman act. -
WET members of the senate are
determined to prevent any tight
ening up of the prohibition laws In the
short session of congress, if thai Is
possible. Senators Edwards of New
Jersey and Broussard of Louisiana
have called a conference for Decem
ber 6, Inviting Senators Edge, Bruce,
Copeland, Wadsworth, Reed of Mis
souri, Hawes and Walsh of Massachu
setts. Reed of Pennsylvania also was
asked to be present.
The coast guard pulled off a rather
startling stunt when it seized the Ger
man barkentlne Carmen 140 miles off
New York and brousht her to port,
presumably because she was laden
with whisky though she had not land
ed any. But orders came from Wash
ington to release the vessel and she
was conveyed out of the New York
port. In shipping circles it was be
lieved-the coast guard had mistaken
the identity of the ship.
Gov. W. W. Brandon of Alabama
went with eight friends to a camp near
Magnolia Springs, and the sheriff raid
ed the place and seized a lot of liquor.
Every member of the party denied
ownership of the booze, but each was
held under bond on charges of Ille
gally possessing liquor. Every one
who attended the last Democratic na
tional convention will remember Bran
don as the perpetual announcer of "24
votes for Underwood-"
CHICAGO, having been assigned the
annuill Army-Navy football game,
fairly spread Itself to do honor to the
event. The game Itself, the outcome
of which is not known at this writing,
was almost a minor feature. The ca
dets from West Point and the midship
men from Annapolis were taken to the
city on special trains, paraded on
Michigan boulevard, took part in the
formal dedication of Soldier field and
Its stadium, and were handsomely en
tertained at lunches, dinners and
dances. Vice President Dawes and
General Pershing were among the
throng of notable personages who at
tended the dedication and the game.
JOSEPH McKENNA, former justice
of the Supreme court, died In his
apartments In Washington after an Ill
ness of several months. He was eighty
four years of age. Chief Justice Taft
and the associate Justices acted as
honorary pallbearers at the funeral.
Leonid Krassln, Russian soviet
chnrge d'affaires In England, died In
London of pernicious anemia. He was
one of the most gifted of the Russian
diplomats of today and was In the
midst of Important negotiations with
the British government.
New York society lost one of Its
best-known leaders In the death of
Mrs. Hermann Oelrlchs at Newport.
She was Theresa Alice Fair before
her marriage, and for years she, Mrs.
Stuyvesant Fish and Mrs. O. n. P. Bel
mont were the rulers of New York
and Newport society.
IT IS probable that there will be a
great railway strike soon In Can
ada, for 15,000 conductors and train
men have voted to quit their posts.
They are dissatisfied with the refusal
of the Canadian National and Canadi
an Pacific railways to grant them the
0 per cent wage increase which was
obtained by trainmen In the United
States.
The havoc worked at the bottom of
the Lens mines was such that In many
cases owners abandoned the old gal
leries. It was cheaper to begin all
over again. Otherwise Lens would
now lead the other districts that have
gained a lap In production.
All the miners, for an eight-hour
day, are paid more than six times the
prewar wages.
Wine, which was seen on the roin-.
ers* tables before the war only on Sun
days or holidays, Is now the dally
beverage.
GRAHAM, JN,'C m THURSDAY -JLHLCEMDIJR W 1926.
Fight Botflies
During Winter
Carbon-Disulphide Capsules
Found to Be Effective
Against Pests.
to
(Prepared by"ffieTTntted State* Department
of Agriculture.)
Most everyone having anything to do
with horses Is familiar with botflies
and the annoyance they cause the ani
mals during the summer when they
are active In laying their eggs on the
hairs of the legs, throat or lips. Few
horsemen realize, however, the inju
rious effects of the bot or maggot
stagp. In biting or licking itself the
horse takes the eggs into the mouth,
from where they reach the stomach
and intestines, developing Into the bot
or maggot stage. Here the bots re
main for several months before being
developed fully and passed out. Dur
ing this time they not only Interfere
with digestion but may actually catse
stoppage and result In death.
Early Winter Treatment.
Investigations conducted a number
of years ago in Italy showed that bots
within horses could be destroyed by
administering carbon-dlsulphlde cap
sules. This treatment has been tested
by the United States Department of
Agriculture and found to be very ef
fective. A very Important considera
tion In obtaining the best results 18
the matter of time of treatment, says
the department. Carbon dlsulphide
will remove many bots at any time of
the year, but the greatest efficiency
can be obtained In winter months,
preferably December or January.
Early winter treatment Is advisable,
because horses freed from the para
sites early will pass the winter in bet
ter condition.
Encouraging Results.
In the last few years a number of
communities have attempted bot con
trol by systematic treatment of all
donkeys, mules, horses and colts. Re
sults have been encouraging. Not
only has the annoyance from nose
botflies and other botflies been greatly
decreased after a single year's ef
IT WILL ALWAYS PAY FARMER TO
TRY PHOSPHATE ON SMALL SCALE
Results Secured From Tests
Made in Minnesota.
Dr. F. J. Alway, chief of the soils
division, university of Minnesota, re
cently reported the results from a se
ries of trials of phosphate on corn on
55 farms In Jackson county. As the
corn was husked and weighed up In
September, it was found, he says, that
on about one-third of the fields there
was no distinct effect On another
third there was an Increase of 5 to 10
per cent, and on the remaining third
an Increase of 10 to 20 per cent. When
the corn had been thoroughly dried
there was far more shrinkage with the
unfertilized than' with the fertilized
corn In nearly all cases, due to the
fact that the fertilized corn was more
mature.
About one-third of the fields gave
no appreciable gain of dry-shelled
corn; another third showed an In
crease of 10 to 25 per cent, and the
remaining third of 25 to 00 per cent
Doctor Alway concludes that In
Proper Storage of Ice
for Summer Very Simple
It Isn't so much what kind of build
ing the farmer stores his Ice In, as
how he packs it
Storage of lee for summer use Is
simpler than generally believed. A
properly constructed Ice house la de
sirable, but any building affording pro
tection frota wind and rain may be
used.
Proper packing li more important
than the design of the .house. The
two important factors are the pack
ing material and the Ice block.
"Sawdust Is a satisfactory packing
material. It is easily obtainable
everywhere. Frame walls of single
thickness require 18 Inches of saw
dust around the sides, top, and bottom
of the Ice block. Twelve to 14 inches
of sawdust will do for houses having
double walls with a dead air space.
Proper drainage must be provided
beneath the ice block."
Feep the Ice cakes close together
on edge, If you want the Ice to keep
well.
Smooth the surface of each tier of
cakes witfL mlz or ax. Force the Ice
chips between any cracks that may
remain. Place the next tier of cakes
directly on the first, and so on until
the house has been filled. The entire
Ice block will t«nd to freeze together
as one huge cake.
fort but a general Improvement has
been reported in the condition and
health of the horses. It appears en
tirely feasible, especially in regions
where there are very few horses on
pasture, to eradicate horse bots by
a combination of the carbon-disul
phlde treatment and the application of
washes for the destruction of the
eggs. Every horse should be washed
with a 2 per cent coal-tar creosote dip
to destroy the young bots which re
main dormant in the eggs. Thorough
treatment of all animals in a commu
nity should be very profitable if con
tinued two or three years. Iteinfesta
tion Is not liable to occur except
where untreated animals are brought
In, as It Is believed the files do not
travel more than half a mile.
Labor-Saving Devices
Revolutionize Farming
"The outstanding feature of Ameri
can agriculture the last 75 years has
been the adoption of labor saving farm
machinery," said H. B. Walker, pro
fessor of agricultural engineering In
Kansas State college, to an audience
of farm and university people attend
ing farmers' and homemakers' short
course exercises at University farm,
St. Paul.
"Seventy-five years ngo the average
farm worker cared for 12 acres of
crops," he said; "today the average
for the United States Is 84 acres, or
nearly three times that of 75 years
ago. Although we have only twice
the number o,f agricultural workers
we had 75 years ago, these workers
are caring for nearly six times the
acreage of crops."
It was pointed out by Professor
Walker that the direct effect of these
new efficiencies and economies, brought
about by labor saving devices, has
been greater individual returns for
the farm worker, the release of mil
lions of workers for other pursuits,
the greater production of luxuries,
lower costs of the necessities of life,
shorter working days, and higher
standards of living.
Jackson county, with such a season
as the one In 1925, there Is chance of
a profitable use of phosphate on corn
iand, and he would 'encourage farm
ers In all southwestern counties of
Minnesota to try phosphate on a small
scale on their corn. Applications may
well consist, he says, of 50 pounds per
acre of treble superphosphate, about
100 pounds of 20 per cent acid phos
phate, or 125 pounds of 10 per cent
acid phosphate.
Some Fertilizers Mixed
Without Curing at Home
The statement often heard, "That
fertilizer must be cured" Is only a part
truth aqd likely to be misleading, says
A. W. Blair, professor of soli chemis
try at the New Jersey experiment sta
tion.
When rock phosphate or a mixture
of rock phosphate and low-grade or
ganic material Is treated with sulphuric
acid in the manufacture of acid phos
phate, It Is necessary for the resulting
materinl to go through a process of
curing. In this curing, time must be
allowed for completing the chemical
reaction, both for the escape of nox
ious gases and for the mass to dry so
that It may be properly pulverized.
Rut once the acid piiosphate x ls prop
erly prepared It becomes a commer
cial product which Is easily handled
and may be mixed with other fertili
zer materials In the making of com
plete fe'rtlll/.ers. These mixed fer
tilizers may be used Immediately with
out any further curing or processing.
For example: A mixture, may be
made up of acid phosphate, nitrate of
soda, sulphate of ammonia, tankage
and muriate of potash, and used the
day It is mixed and give Just as good
results as It would If allowed to si::nd
two months.
f Cows on Cornstalks
The old custom of turning cows on
cornstalks is a very questionable
practice. In the great majority of
case* anlfr.als are left on the stalks
until they lost what little VAUW they
have received from the early grain
and forage feeding. Corn fodder \yhlcb
has teen frozen while still green, rap
idly loses Its nutrition through oxi
dation anil weathering. . For this rea
son there Is little nutrition in the
average stalk field; and after the ani
mals have gleaned the few ears and
nuhhlng left by the hunkers, there Is
little of worth In the stalks and leaves.
This Attractive House .Contains
Seven Rooms and All Conveniences
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First Floor Plan.
By W. A. RADFORD
Mr. William A. Radford will answer
questions and give ADVICE FREE OF
COST on ail problems pertaining to the
■ubject of building, for the readers of
this paper. On account of his wide
experience as editor, author and man
ufacturer, he Is, without doubt, the
highest authority on the subject. Ad
dress all inquiries to William A. Rad
ford, No. 1827 Prairie avenue, Chicago,
for reply.
A small house with a number of
large rooms In it is the desire of most
housekeepers. The home illustrated
fits these specifications nic-ely. Here
Is an attractive house, 27 feet, 8
Inches, by 50 feet, that contains seven
rooms, besides a large washroom ad
joining the kitchen on the first floor,
two bathrooms and sewing room on
the second floor, and an unusually
large amount of closet and storage
space.
Plumbing and Wiring
Need Frequent Check-Up
What should be done to the plumb
ing system? The first place to look
for trouble Is In each toilet tank, as
the little float valve which shuts olt
the water when the tank is full some
times gets out of order and does not
close properly. Take the top off the
tank and see If the valve closes tight
ly; If not, call a plumber—or fix It
yourself.
You may apply modern bathroom
nnd kitchen plumbing fixtures in an
old house easily, quickly and with
economy. They can be attached to the
old pipes with very little labor.
Look over the faucets carefully;
those that drip should huve new disks
applied. Old-fashioned faucets can he
deftly removed and new ones added
without difficulty.
The electric wire system of the
house should be gone over to see that
It Is In good order. Old wiring Is
sometimes In a dangerous condition
because the insulation has dried up
and dropped off, leaving bare wires
exposed In places.
A modern system of wlrln/t In metal
tubes will safeguard your home.
In most rooms the new wires can be
"fished" In pluce and thus concealed
In the partitions. ,
Good Housing Elements
in Modern Building
It is not so much the ruble feet of
space in a hou*> as the way in which
this space is used, which Is Important
In a house of average fcize. Hence it
is difficult to say what should be the
minimum space required for a family
of (riven size. The extremely high
celling* of a few decades ago provided
n lot of spaf-e which served no practi
cal purpose. Modern housekeeping de
mands compact rooms, planned to
make housekeeping easier.
In most cities combating dust and
soot is no small part of the house
work, and -other [ tilings being equal,
the smaller the surfaces to be cleaned;
NO. 36.
1 4
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Second Floor Plan.
The exterior of the home is made
attractive by 'the wide front porch
which extends the width of the house
and Is eight feet deep, the dormer In
the roof and the exposed rafters of the
porch roof. The house is of frame con
struction and has a targe basement,
which Is of the same dimensions aa
the house.
>
The living room extends across the
front of the house and Is unusually
large, 2(1 feet, 6 inches long, and 13
feet wide. Connected with It by a
double-cased opening Is the dining
room, 17 feet, 6 Inches, by 12 feet, ex
clusive of the deep bay window. At the
back are the kitchen and washroom,
while off a hall reached through the
dining room are two bedrooms, with a
bathroom between. '
Upstairs are two good-sized bed
rooms, an alcove room In the dormer ,
and a bathroom.
and the easier the particular type of
surface cnn be cleaned, the better.
Plenty of closet space in all parts of ;
the house is a great saver of work in '
housekeeping, and reserves important [
consideration In selecting a house plan ,
or in purchasing a house.
Families that are rearing children
ordinarily require three sleeping ,
rooms. Where there are small chil- :
dren, many parents prefer to have the ;
bathroom and one bedroom down
stairs.
Every family wants to have an at- I
tractive living room; the need for a :
dining room is not so essential. Among
the families that to afford
only small houses an increasing num
ber prefer to have a large living room,
and to use one end of It for eatlpg,
with perhaps a breakfast alcove to ,
be used at the morning meal and occa
sionally for lunch.
With a well-arranged kitchen '(abd
It takes plenty of time and Stwly to
develop one) n mother can prepare
I»etter food for her children, feel less 1
fatigued nt meal time and have more
time to spend with her
for other activities.
"The more sunlight the better" is a
good rule for a house. Many small
houses are built nowadays with an
enclosed sun porch, which is a valu
able addition when It can be afforded.
Good ventilation In a small house is
not hard to obtain during cold weath
er, when all that is needed in a sin
gle room is to open the window a few
inches.
Master Key
Today it is not necessary for a
house owner to carry a bulging bunch ,
of keys in his pocket. Developments
of the lock and k v ey make it possible
to provide one's self with a masted i
key that fits the front door of the i
house, the side and rear doors, the
cellar and garage doors and all the t
rest Yet all these locks will be dif
ferent, permitting no one to pass any
of these doors without the individual
key that locks them.
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