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The Alamance gleaner 1 vol. mi. ''*j graham, n, c., thursday april 7, 1927. no. 9. ..-hi* jfcm i ? ? ? Ntws ittvitw ut CURRENTEVEHTS War Activities in China Fo cua Interest of the World. THE killing of a number of Ameri can and British citizens by Bol .?shevlk Chinese mobs during the week ending March 20 lias brought the cri sis in'China to the verge of war. U1-' tiniatunis have been delivered by the American and British commanders de manding that the lives of their na tionals be protected. Failure to com ply will mean that Nanking will be treated as a military area subject to bombardment and attack by the Amer ican and British forces. Following the fall of Shanghai to the Canton ese army the armies of the north China war lord evacuated the cities of Nanking and Chlnklang without a light, but following the occupation of Nanking by the Cantonese the south China forces opened Are, on March 24, on groups of foreigners concenttated there awaiting embarkation on Amer ican destroyers, killing some Ameri cans and some British. There were 155 Americans included in the group of foreigners subjected to the Chinese bombardment, which was at once re plied to by both American and British warships. The foreigners were con centrated for evacuation on a hill in the northern part of the city, where the Standard Oil company plant is lo cated. The shelling by the southern Irregulars began shortly before 4 p. m. A few minutes later the United States destroyers Noa and Preston, which had 145 American women and children aboard, and the British cruiser Emer ald shelled the area surrounding the hill. With the object of opening the way for the immediate evacuation of the foreigners, combined American and British forces were landed. America, a number of European na tions and Japdn were represented by land and naval contingents at Shang hai when the Cantonese army cap tured the native city on March 20. The main force of soldiers and ma rines landed for the protection of the foreign settlement consisted of 2,500 toiled States marines and 15,000 Rritlsh soldiers. To these were added small numbers of French and Jap anese sailors and marines. The fall of the city was followed by a genial strike of factory workers in all indus tries Involving several thousand work men, bringing with it a reign of terror throughout both the native and foreign sections. The Central Labor union, im mediately following the declaration of a generalistrike, Issued pistols and am munition to 500 tyorkmen, who imme diately went gunning for British troops and police and evacuating north " era soldiers. - Because of the presence of Ameri can and British troops in the foreign section disorders there were minimized to a large extent, but disturbances caged in the adjoining native areas. There was constant sniping from alley ways ami second story windows. In the northern, or Chapel, district of the city, adjacent to the railway station, iahorers attempted to avenge them selves ujton a force of about 5,000 northern soldiers, who battled for the small district, unable to escape. American marines guarded the Mark ham road bridge leading front the na Mve city into the foreign settlement, and prevented the Cantonese nrmy from entering the foreign section of the city. This bridge Is a strategic Point in the factory district, particu larly susceptible to labor agitations, ln<i an Important thoroughfare, the '""ne of many conflicts in the past be 'tvcen the Chinese and foreigners. At point one American was wounded. R-v March 23 Admiral C. S. Williams, command of the United States naval forces, and Colonel Hill, in com mand of the American marines, had '"arranged their forces to meet uny ["crudeseence of the rioting, looting, anting, and killing which raged In " native section for 30 hours after ? fall to the south China nationalists. ' American officials expresssed con "ace that the Cantonese regulars, "n holding the native city, would P'avent any new disturbances. r\ bumb hurst In the European alt ?<* uatlon on March 19 when Italy notified the British government of Its anxiety over the claimed massing of Yugo-Slavoklan troops on the Al banian frontier. At the same time Italy warned France against supply ing Yugo-Slavla with war materials, and claimed to have evidence thai France was secretly aiding the Slavs in preparing for an Invasion of Al bania which Is a pawn In the strug gle between Italy and Yugo-Slavla for dominance In the Balkans and the new revolution, lf.it comes, will represent the Yugo-Slavs' elTort to secure the overlordshlp of Albania, which now Is held by Italy. England took immediate steps to prevent the possibility of war In the Balkans. The English government sided with Italy, and for the first time since the visit of Sir Austen Chamber lain to Leghorn, Italy, the British and French policies were brought into sharp conflict through the Italo-French struggle for Balkan supremacy. Since last October the British and Italian policies in the Mediterranean and Bal kans have been absolutely lh agree ment, but the Belgrade gesture was the first open Indication of the extent to which the British support of Italy goes. The amount of publicity given the incident cleared the atmosphere, and by the end of the week the war cloud that had so suddenly arisen had al most entirely disappeared. THE sessions of the preparatory disarmament commissions opened at Geneva on March 21. At the first sessions Lord Robert Cecil submitted the British draft of the proposed con vent! i for reducing armaments which tacitly supported the objections raised in the United States memorandum against the French theory of the "po tentiality of war," elaborated on by M. Paui-Boncour, which Includes all the Industrial, financial, economic, and agricultural resources of the nations in a labyrinthine complexity to achieve disarmament. The British proposal leaves the figures on the sizes of armies, navies, and air forces blank, but Lord Cecil Intimated he favors basing a military organization on population and the proportion of the exlstant forces with due account for the geographical loca tion. On the 23rd M. Paul-Boncour ap pealed to Hugh Gibson, the American delegate to the conference, to accept the French proposals for a disarma ment treaty. He pointed out that it provides that the United States, as well as Russia, be represented on the permament disarmament commission, although America Is not a member of the league. Tift French plan pro poses the Junking of the Washington treaty by providing a global alloca tion of tonnage for navies, permitting each power to build whatever cate gory of craft it pleases. The proposi tion provides for the allotment of a maximum cubic centlmetrage and amount of horse-power to be devel oped bv motors of airplanes. It also provides for a permanent disarmament committee sitting at Geneva to control disarmament everywhere. All the great powers, the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Italy, oppose the French plan, leaving only the little entente supporting it. Count von Benistortf, the German delegate, demanded that the league dis armament commission proceed to exm cute the Versailles treaty and the league covenant reducing all arma nients. ? "The states already disarmed by the treaties are entitled to Insist on general disarmament," he said. * anv ls a member *' ,he and enjoys all the rights of the or ganization. We an.lrlpate an epo h when the only war possible Is the Teague against an aggressor, and no ? should he permitted to be strong enough to defy all the members. Ger many can support only a practica solution?reduction to a general level for all armaments. A FEDERAL court decision rem A dered in New York on March 23 Cds U unlawful to possess grape lulre that has fermented and contains Ja ufflclent amount of alcohol to make . intoxicating. Quoting section 29, 'title 2, of the national prohibition act, '""The'penalties provided In this^act against the manufacture of liquor - ? without a permit shall not apply to a person who manufactures nonlntoxl catlng cider and fruit Juices exclu sively for use In his own home, but such elder and fruit Juices shall not be sold or delivered except to persons who have permits to manufacture vin egar." He then declared: "I can hardly regard grape Juice containing 13 per cent of alcohol as nonlntoxlcatlng. Possession of grape Juice for home use which was non intoxicating when manufactured by the possessor, becomes unlawful under the act whenever the liquor becomes intoxicating, whether through natural fermentation or otherwise." APOLITICAL move of more than usual moment was the announce ment by former Postmaster General Burleson of bis support of Gov. Al Smith for the Democratic nomination for President. General Burleson has been a supporter of William G. Mc Adoo for the nomination, but on March 23 was reported as saying that Governor Smith "Is the most avail able man In the Democratic party for the Democratic nomination In 1928, and If nominated will carry every state In the solid South." THE American army good will flyers who have been touring South America are now well on their way home. By the 24th they had reached French Guiana. On the 21st they made a record flight for the trip, cov ering 1,100 miles, landing at Para, Brazil, at the mouth of the Amazon river. On the 23rd the bodies of Capt. C. F. Woolsey and Lieut John W. Benton, of the good will crew, who were killed in the accident to the "Detroit" at Buenos Aires, arrived at New York. THE United States has notified Mex ico that March 28 will be the end of the smuggling treaty between this country and Mexico. This Is sig nificant because this treaty, among other things, prohibits the shipment of arms to Mexican revolutionists with out the knowledge of the Calles gov ernment. The abrogation of the convention makes possible the lifting of the arms embargo on the shipment of arms Into Mexico. With the smuggling treaty In operation the lifting of the arms em bargo would have little punitive or disciplinary effect If directed against the Mexican government on account of its confiscation of the property of American citizens under the oil and land laws. Wlfh It removed the decks will be cleared and this govern ment will be empowered to move If the President decides drastic action Is necessary to protect American prop erty in Mexico. WISCONSIN and Minnesota have attempted to Impose taxes on shares of national bank stock but a decision of the United Stater Supreme court holds the state laws In these states to be In violation of a federal law prohibiting rates In excess of those upon "other moneyed capital In the hands of Individual citizens." Both cases Involved the interpreta tion of section 5219 of revised statutes, which sanction the taxation of shares of national banks In a state with the restriction that "the taxation shall not be at a greater rate than Is assessed upon other moneyed capital In the hands of Individual citizens of such state." The court held that competition may exist between capital Invested In na tional banks and other moneyed capi tal, even though the competition deal with some but not all phases of the business of national banks. In the Minnesota case It was shown that under the statutes of that state shares of national banks and of other banks and of mortgage loan companies are taxed at a higher rate than money or credits used In other forms of en terprise. A TOTAL of 2314,905 visitors were registered at the 19 national parks and 32 national monuments of the United States during 1926, a gain of 280.343 over the previous year, ac cording to a statement Issued by Dr. Hubert Work, secretary of the In terior. The total receipts Increased from *670.920 to *826.454, although the automobile fees In many of the parks were cut In half. Henderson Wins "Embassy Rou)" Fight "nee again Mrs. John B. Henderson, ''?fluently referred to as the "dow ?fr of embassy row" In the capital, won her fight against the eommer " interests that seek to strip the j*reI>' residential atmospliere from a of Sixteenth street, which is one " Washington most fashionable boul ?v?ru?. ? *? a result of her efforts the Uis ft of Columbia zoning commission rejected a petition by business men to establish stores on the thoroughfare nnd in so doing added another chapter to the struggle that has been waged over the street. Mrs. Henderson, widow of the late Senator Henderson of Missouri. Uvea In a luxurious home known as "The Castle" at Sixteenth street and Flor ida avenue. For nearly a score of years she has kept the street, on which many of the expensive embassies of foreign nations are located, of a pure ly residential character. Several years ago she bollt an ex pensive house not far from her own residence and offered It to congress as a home for (he vice president, which office was l hen held by Calvin Cool Idge. Her offer, however, was turned down aDd the house has never been occupied. So ardent has Mrs. Henderson been In her efforts to keep Intact the spa cious thoroughfare, fringed on both sides with lines of trees, that she has won the title of the "dowager of em baasy row." BARNEY AND THE BRAT (? kr D. 1. Walsh.) FROM the terrible night of the can nery Are, when a wall of the burn ing building suddenly fell In and Barney, most Intrepid of flre-flght ts, went down In the crash, the weu it engine bouse No. 8 bad done every thing possible for tbelr Injured com rade. The tbree months that Barney lay in the hospital not a day passed with out one of them visiting him. They carried all sorts of presents from bumpy, bard-fisted bouquets tied With coarse string from home gardens to a most gorgeous bathrobe that would have completely eclipsed Joseph's coat of-many-colors. And when at last poor Barney, a helpless cripple for life, was able to be taken home, they all chipped In and bought him a wheel chair. But with these big-hearted, open handed men giving so far had been a pleasure. Now came the real test of devotion. They wore asked to give until It hurt It was Jerry who made the sug gestion?the one In the group of men seated at the engine-bouse door with '.he bright-eyed, alert-eared fox terrier at his feet. The proposal met with blank al ienee. "I know It's not easy, boys," Jerry spoke again. "It's going to be like pnlllng teeth without any laughing gas to every mother's son of us. But something's got to be done or the first thing well know Barney will be put ting bullets Into himself. All the time be was in the hospital I never saw him so disheartened as he Is now. "It'a company Barney most needs now," Jerry continued. "His wife's de voted to him, but except for hurrying In to get him a bite of lunch at her noon hour she's gone all day. And she can't give up her bookkeeping Job, for their little house Isn't paid for yet, an! Barney's mar-sarge and electric treat ments cost a lot of money. Now If he had the Brat?" "But why thi Brat?" asked a fire man recently transferred to No. 8, "couldn't we get him another dog that would do as well?" Jerry shook his head. "There ain't no such animal! Not In Barney's opinion, anyhow. You see. while we all contribute to the Brat's keep, Barney had more to do with the kid's bringing up and edu catln' than the rest of us put together." "I can remember," remlniscently 'grinned Jovial Joe, "way back when the Brat was a puppy, yelping nights to beat the band, and us fellows shy ing boots at him to make him shut up. how Barney would get out of bed and warm milk for him." "And It was Barney who learned hint ill his tricks," chimed In another of the men. "And Barney who trained the Brat to ride to fires, sitting up beside him is important as the chief himself," contributed a third. "I tell you what let's do, boys," 'wlnklingly proposed Jovial Joe, "let's put It up to the Brat 'Brat,' said he, iddresslng the fox terrier, 'which would you rather belong to? Engine bouse No. 8 In general, or Barney In particular?'" At the word Barney, spoken In an ? Treating tone, the Brat danced up and down, wagged his stub of a tall and oroke Into an outburst of excited yaps. T should say the vote was "unani mous,' " grinned Jovial Joe. And the next day, with due cere mony, the presentation was made. From that time on Barney began to Improve. Not only'was the Brat com pany ; he was occupation as well. Bar oey fed him. brushed, combed and bathed him. He tanght him all sorts of new tricks. So while still the helpless cripple, a dght came Into Barney's dull eyes, a healthy color to his cheeks, even a cheerful whistle to his lips. Snch was his Improvement In fact that In a couple of weeks he was well tnongh tor his wife to wheel him out <n the sunny front yard at noon and leave him there with his Inseparable companion until the schoolboy neigh bor she had arranged with wheeled blm In again at fonr. Barney and the Brat were "as happy is klnga" Then, out of a clear sky, a fly thrnst Itself Into the ointment of tbelr con tent?a boisterous buxz-fly. The buxz-fly was a lawn mower In themext dooryard. At the sound of It the streak of It ?cross the grass, the Brat went wild with resentment Unfortunately, Hopkins, the owner ?f the next door house, was out of a lob and terribly out of aorta because at the fact and to have a yapping, mapping small dog burl himself before the lawn mower every time he started 'n cutting his grass made him furious. "If you don't call off that confonnd sd dog of yours, I'll not be responsible _ If lie gels hurt," be angrily exploded. Barney called off, bur, (lie Install' the lawn ntower tuned up. the Bra' waa back raging before It. Soon It was not merely n case ol lawn mower. The Brat dug boles Is the Hopkins flower-beds. The Bra' tracked mud on the Hopkins porch The Brat left bones on the Hopkins doormat. Then came a climax of threats. If he?Barney?could not put a stop to that Infernal dog being such a nul sance, he?Hopkins?would And a waj to. From the first, poor Barney, who had not a moment's peace for fear hit beloved Brat would be shot or pol soned, knew there was only one waj out; one safe way, for the Brat'i "health and happiness." But It took him a week to make up his mind. In the middle of a sleepless nlghl Barney came to the great decision. How he could live without him he did not know, but the Brat must go back to engine house No. 8?go the next day while "the going was good." As Barney lay there In the outer darkness of the night and his renunci ation, tears streamed down his cheeks, a lump choked his throat. What was that? As Barney listened, his heart turned cold. It was a dog In a wild outburst of barks, yelps, howls. It was the Bral who slept out In the back yard, now the nights were mild. If he should wake up Hopkins! A shutter of the next-door house slammed back; a window sash went up; the enraged Hopkins began to swear at the Brat Then the Impossible happened. Without stopping to call Ids wife, who slept In the communicating room with the door open between, somehow the cripple got out of bed and to the window. "Brat! Be quiet. Brat I" he called? and fell unconscious to the floor. When he came to, Barney was again lying In bed, his wife seated beside him, holding his hand. "Brat?" he faltered In distress. An ecstatic bark on the other side of the bed answered. "Feeling better, Barney?" In a daze of astonishment Barney lifted his eyes to a fireman bending solicitously over him. "Why, Jerry!" he gasped. "What brought you here? Has there been a Are?" "Tes, don't you remember? The Are next door that gave you the scare. Bui there's nothing to worry about. The department got It out In short order It would have been another story though, If the Brat hadn't discovered the blaze and raised Cain. Say,' grinned Jerry, "Hopkins Is going to buy the kid a scrumptious collar. He can't say enough In the Brat's praise Declares he's the smartest cuss of a dog that he ever clapped his eyes on." ? Duit at a Shield The British royal commission on mines has made some Interesting ex perlments on explosions of mlxtnres of coal dust and ulr. It has demon strated that such mixtures are em! nently explosive, and also that the ex plosions can be mitigated, or confined In area, by means of stone dust which Is not explosive. A coal dust area was placed be tween n dustless region and one spread with stone dust, after which an explosion was produced In the coal dust by tiring a cannon. The results appeared to demonstrate that the ef fects of on explosion may he transmit ted to a considerable distance over a dustless zone by the coal dust driven before the ah- blast, hut that tht ?tone dust has a restraining effect. Picking Up a Pin In this country to pick up a pin aeon on the pavement la supposed to be an Indication of thrift. In Ruaala thla la not bo. A traveler wrltea: "I was walking one day with an old Russian lady down a atreet In Moa cow. 8eelng a pin on the ground. I stooped to pick It up, when my com panlon restrained me, saying: "'Don't do that. According to a Rnaaian superstition, If a person af flicted with a dlaeaae drops a pin and somebody picks It up, the disease wifl pass from the dropper of the pin to the plcker-up.'" Getting Material The athletic coach at University ol California southern branch, wis loots lng over the members of the freshman claaa for material for the football squad. "Do jou know anything about sports T" he asked of Kenneth Irerson "Not a thing," replied Kenny. "What can yon do?" "I can do the Charleston," was tbs answer. "All right You'll be In line fot cheer leader." Coloring Electric Globe* Electric Incandescent globes may be easily colored by dipping globes Into a solution of collodion, previously col ored to snlt, with aniline soluble In collodion. Dip and rotate quickly, bulbs down, until dry. ^ ? Spain in 6b f " ^America Fortran Wall at San Juan, Porto Rico. (Pr?par?4 by th? National Olographic I Society, Washington. D. C.) , THERE is a larfe Spanish-speak ing world today, comparable In 1 s way to the English-speaking ' world. But unlike the latter the ' Mpanlsh-ipeaklng region I* not to a ronalderable extent under the wing of ' a mother country, but la lnatead dl- 1 tided among more than a score of In- ' dependent nations. The great empire of Spain?the most extensive that up to that time I had existed?was based chiefly on a papal bull. Soon after Columbus tailed west to America and Vasco du 3ama sailed east into the Indian ocean, the bull was Issued dividing the world approximately south of the Pillars of Hercules Into two realms, and giving Portugal a monopoly of exploration to the East and Spain a monopoly to the West. The dividing line was fixed 37 degrees "west and south" of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands, so that It ran just east of the West Indies and roughly cut Brazil from the South American continent. All the rest of the new world was left vaguely to Spain. Spanish explorers and adventurers poured westward on the heels of Columbus, and had soon staked out for Spain all of the West Indies, most of South America, and large areas In the southern part, of North America. The first settlement was established at the end of the Fifteenth century In Hlspanlola, the present island of San to Domingo. Then In the first decade of the Sixteenth century settlements were started or attempted In rapid succession In Jamaica. Porto Rico and Cuba. Such widely separated regions as the Isthmus of Panama. Florida, and the coast of Argentina were reached In 1513. In the same year Balboa crossed the Isthmus, waded Into the Pacific and made that class ically sweeping claim In the name of the king of Spain. To that sovereign, he proclaimed, belonged, as a result of his wading party, the entire ocean and all land which Its waters touched. Swift Growth of the Empire. In 1510 Magellan (though a Por tuguese) was sent out by Spain to traverse the newly discovered ocean. Finally he reached the Philippines, which by strict Interpretation lay within Portugal's "mandate." However, wtth the comforting philosophy that east was west If you arrived there by sailing westward. Spain claimed this large group of Islands and 35 years later established settlements there. In the meantime Spanish power was growing rapidly In the new world. The conquest of Mexico began In 1519. Panama City was founded the same year and became a starting point for expeditions north and south along the shores of the Pacific. Peru was Invad ed In 1532 and Chile came at least partly under control soon after. The California coast was explored In 1542 and land expeditions went about the same time Into regions that are now New Mexico, Texas, Arizona and even Colorado. Settlements had previously been established In Venezuela and Colombia on the Caribbean coast of South America. By 1580 the Spanish possessions were at their greatest. In Europe they included In addition to Spain It self. the Low Countries, Naples, Milan, Sicily and Sardinia and the Canary Is lands; In the new world, the West Indies, most of South America, all of Central America, and the southern part of North America, even Includ ing large areas now In the United States; In Africa, small settlements on the north coast; and In the East the Philippines and sundry small Is lands of the Pacific. Today there exist between 90,000, 000 and 100,000/100 people whose na tive language Is Spanish. The Span Isb-speaktnf world, therefore, has roughly half aa many members as the English-speaking world. The area of this cultural remainder of the Spanish empire is roundly 5,000,000 square miles. The region still In allegiance to the Spanish language thus covers ibout one-eleventh of the land area of the earth and embraces about one twentieth of the esrtb's populations Many Millions Speak Spanish. In setting out to explore this Span ish world, the logical starting point Is Spain itself, the fountalnhead of the Influences which deeply affected a large slice of tbe earth; and equally logically the dltectlon of the Journey Is west. On the west coast of Africa two patches of territory are encoun tered where the Spanish flag as web as Spanish Influences rest. Off shore are tbe Canary Islands. There the Spanish flag Is left behind. The next bit of the Spanish world encountered Ilea In the new world. It Is Uruguay, smallest republic of South America, where the children of Spain are carrying on the culture of the mother country. Beyond, eight other countries?all those of South America save Portuguese Brazil and British, French, and Dutch Guiana? fall, too, under the banner of Spanish culture. In the West Indies there have been defections. Trinidad and the Leeward and Windward Islands, although once all claimed by Spain, have lost 01 never fslt Spanish culture. Over Por to Rico the flag of the United States flies; but It is still a part of the Spanish world. Spain Is dominant In blood, traditions and language. In old Hlspanlola, where the Spanish seed was first planted In the new world, the eastern half of the island still shows strongly the Spanish Im press. This Is the Dominican republic where language and law are still Span ish. But in the western half of the Island, covered by the Republic of Haiti. Spanish culture succumbed to that of France and Africa. Jamaica, once a stronghold of Spain, has long been dominated by British culture; and the Bahamas, claimed by Spain, have known only British Influences. Cuba has been In dependent of Spanish political powet since 1898, but Is still culturally a part of Spain?the most Spanish of West Indian Islands. Cultural Influences. Through the Isthmus of Panama, Central America and Mexico. Spanish cultural influences sweep unbroken as they have for the past three cen turies and more. Florida shows little effect of her former Spanish owner ship save In a few architectural touches and a few geographic names. Texas, too, was lost to Spain, but the effects there are greater; and In many a community near the Rio Grande the Spanish language Is. almost as neces sary as the English. In Arizona and California, once under Spanish Influ ences. the situation Is much like that in Texas. But one American state stands on a different footing. New Mexico has barely passed tbe point at which Its English-speaking Influences weigh more heavily than Its Spanish factors. Only a few years ago It could hdve been listed u a part of the Spanish world. Then Its legislature was coo ducted In Spanish or In the twe tongues; and Spanish was the ctu^dnf language en street, and range , and farm. - Continuing westward one flnds no further trices of Spain's world-wide empire until he reaches the Philip pines. There, in spite of tbe mixture of blood, Spanish culture took Am hold, at least la tbe non-Mohamiaodaa country. Spanish customs, laws nod architecture wtlt po doubt color Hh In the Philippines far many yean M come.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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April 7, 1927, edition 1
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