The Alamance gleaner 1
vol. mi. ''*j
graham, n, c., thursday april 7, 1927. no. 9.
..-hi* jfcm i ? ? ?
Ntws ittvitw ut
CURRENTEVEHTS
War Activities in China Fo
cua Interest of the
World.
THE killing of a number of Ameri
can and British citizens by Bol
.?shevlk Chinese mobs during the week
ending March 20 lias brought the cri
sis in'China to the verge of war. U1-'
tiniatunis have been delivered by the
American and British commanders de
manding that the lives of their na
tionals be protected. Failure to com
ply will mean that Nanking will be
treated as a military area subject to
bombardment and attack by the Amer
ican and British forces. Following
the fall of Shanghai to the Canton
ese army the armies of the north
China war lord evacuated the cities of
Nanking and Chlnklang without a
light, but following the occupation of
Nanking by the Cantonese the south
China forces opened Are, on March 24,
on groups of foreigners concenttated
there awaiting embarkation on Amer
ican destroyers, killing some Ameri
cans and some British. There were
155 Americans included in the group
of foreigners subjected to the Chinese
bombardment, which was at once re
plied to by both American and British
warships. The foreigners were con
centrated for evacuation on a hill in
the northern part of the city, where
the Standard Oil company plant is lo
cated. The shelling by the southern
Irregulars began shortly before 4 p. m.
A few minutes later the United States
destroyers Noa and Preston, which
had 145 American women and children
aboard, and the British cruiser Emer
ald shelled the area surrounding the
hill. With the object of opening the
way for the immediate evacuation of
the foreigners, combined American
and British forces were landed.
America, a number of European na
tions and Japdn were represented by
land and naval contingents at Shang
hai when the Cantonese army cap
tured the native city on March 20.
The main force of soldiers and ma
rines landed for the protection of the
foreign settlement consisted of 2,500
toiled States marines and 15,000
Rritlsh soldiers. To these were added
small numbers of French and Jap
anese sailors and marines. The fall
of the city was followed by a genial
strike of factory workers in all indus
tries Involving several thousand work
men, bringing with it a reign of terror
throughout both the native and foreign
sections. The Central Labor union, im
mediately following the declaration of
a generalistrike, Issued pistols and am
munition to 500 tyorkmen, who imme
diately went gunning for British
troops and police and evacuating north "
era soldiers. -
Because of the presence of Ameri
can and British troops in the foreign
section disorders there were minimized
to a large extent, but disturbances
caged in the adjoining native areas.
There was constant sniping from alley
ways ami second story windows. In
the northern, or Chapel, district of the
city, adjacent to the railway station,
iahorers attempted to avenge them
selves ujton a force of about 5,000
northern soldiers, who battled for the
small district, unable to escape.
American marines guarded the Mark
ham road bridge leading front the na
Mve city into the foreign settlement,
and prevented the Cantonese nrmy
from entering the foreign section of
the city. This bridge Is a strategic
Point in the factory district, particu
larly susceptible to labor agitations,
ln<i an Important thoroughfare, the
'""ne of many conflicts in the past be
'tvcen the Chinese and foreigners. At
point one American was wounded.
R-v March 23 Admiral C. S. Williams,
command of the United States
naval forces, and Colonel Hill, in com
mand of the American marines, had
'"arranged their forces to meet uny
["crudeseence of the rioting, looting,
anting, and killing which raged In
" native section for 30 hours after
? fall to the south China nationalists.
' American officials expresssed con
"ace that the Cantonese regulars,
"n holding the native city, would
P'avent any new disturbances.
r\ bumb hurst In the European alt
?<* uatlon on March 19 when Italy
notified the British government of Its
anxiety over the claimed massing of
Yugo-Slavoklan troops on the Al
banian frontier. At the same time
Italy warned France against supply
ing Yugo-Slavla with war materials,
and claimed to have evidence thai
France was secretly aiding the Slavs
in preparing for an Invasion of Al
bania which Is a pawn In the strug
gle between Italy and Yugo-Slavla for
dominance In the Balkans and the new
revolution, lf.it comes, will represent
the Yugo-Slavs' elTort to secure the
overlordshlp of Albania, which now Is
held by Italy.
England took immediate steps to
prevent the possibility of war In the
Balkans. The English government
sided with Italy, and for the first time
since the visit of Sir Austen Chamber
lain to Leghorn, Italy, the British and
French policies were brought into
sharp conflict through the Italo-French
struggle for Balkan supremacy. Since
last October the British and Italian
policies in the Mediterranean and Bal
kans have been absolutely lh agree
ment, but the Belgrade gesture was
the first open Indication of the extent
to which the British support of Italy
goes.
The amount of publicity given the
incident cleared the atmosphere, and
by the end of the week the war cloud
that had so suddenly arisen had al
most entirely disappeared.
THE sessions of the preparatory
disarmament commissions opened
at Geneva on March 21. At the first
sessions Lord Robert Cecil submitted
the British draft of the proposed con
vent! i for reducing armaments which
tacitly supported the objections raised
in the United States memorandum
against the French theory of the "po
tentiality of war," elaborated on by
M. Paui-Boncour, which Includes all
the Industrial, financial, economic, and
agricultural resources of the nations
in a labyrinthine complexity to achieve
disarmament.
The British proposal leaves the
figures on the sizes of armies, navies,
and air forces blank, but Lord Cecil
Intimated he favors basing a military
organization on population and the
proportion of the exlstant forces with
due account for the geographical loca
tion.
On the 23rd M. Paul-Boncour ap
pealed to Hugh Gibson, the American
delegate to the conference, to accept
the French proposals for a disarma
ment treaty. He pointed out that it
provides that the United States, as
well as Russia, be represented on the
permament disarmament commission,
although America Is not a member of
the league. Tift French plan pro
poses the Junking of the Washington
treaty by providing a global alloca
tion of tonnage for navies, permitting
each power to build whatever cate
gory of craft it pleases. The proposi
tion provides for the allotment of a
maximum cubic centlmetrage and
amount of horse-power to be devel
oped bv motors of airplanes. It also
provides for a permanent disarmament
committee sitting at Geneva to control
disarmament everywhere.
All the great powers, the United
States, Great Britain, Japan, and Italy,
oppose the French plan, leaving only
the little entente supporting it.
Count von Benistortf, the German
delegate, demanded that the league dis
armament commission proceed to exm
cute the Versailles treaty and the
league covenant reducing all arma
nients. ?
"The states already disarmed by
the treaties are entitled to Insist on
general disarmament," he said.
* anv ls a member *' ,he
and enjoys all the rights of the or
ganization. We an.lrlpate an epo h
when the only war possible Is the
Teague against an aggressor, and no
? should he permitted to be strong
enough to defy all the members. Ger
many can support only a practica
solution?reduction to a general level
for all armaments.
A FEDERAL court decision rem
A dered in New York on March 23
Cds U unlawful to possess grape
lulre that has fermented and contains
Ja ufflclent amount of alcohol to make
. intoxicating. Quoting section 29,
'title 2, of the national prohibition act,
'""The'penalties provided In this^act
against the manufacture of liquor
- ?
without a permit shall not apply to a
person who manufactures nonlntoxl
catlng cider and fruit Juices exclu
sively for use In his own home, but
such elder and fruit Juices shall not be
sold or delivered except to persons
who have permits to manufacture vin
egar."
He then declared:
"I can hardly regard grape Juice
containing 13 per cent of alcohol as
nonlntoxlcatlng. Possession of grape
Juice for home use which was non
intoxicating when manufactured by
the possessor, becomes unlawful under
the act whenever the liquor becomes
intoxicating, whether through natural
fermentation or otherwise."
APOLITICAL move of more than
usual moment was the announce
ment by former Postmaster General
Burleson of bis support of Gov. Al
Smith for the Democratic nomination
for President. General Burleson has
been a supporter of William G. Mc
Adoo for the nomination, but on
March 23 was reported as saying that
Governor Smith "Is the most avail
able man In the Democratic party for
the Democratic nomination In 1928,
and If nominated will carry every state
In the solid South."
THE American army good will flyers
who have been touring South
America are now well on their way
home. By the 24th they had reached
French Guiana. On the 21st they
made a record flight for the trip, cov
ering 1,100 miles, landing at Para,
Brazil, at the mouth of the Amazon
river. On the 23rd the bodies of Capt.
C. F. Woolsey and Lieut John W.
Benton, of the good will crew, who
were killed in the accident to the
"Detroit" at Buenos Aires, arrived at
New York.
THE United States has notified Mex
ico that March 28 will be the end
of the smuggling treaty between this
country and Mexico. This Is sig
nificant because this treaty, among
other things, prohibits the shipment of
arms to Mexican revolutionists with
out the knowledge of the Calles gov
ernment.
The abrogation of the convention
makes possible the lifting of the arms
embargo on the shipment of arms Into
Mexico. With the smuggling treaty In
operation the lifting of the arms em
bargo would have little punitive or
disciplinary effect If directed against
the Mexican government on account
of its confiscation of the property of
American citizens under the oil and
land laws. Wlfh It removed the
decks will be cleared and this govern
ment will be empowered to move If
the President decides drastic action Is
necessary to protect American prop
erty in Mexico.
WISCONSIN and Minnesota have
attempted to Impose taxes on
shares of national bank stock but a
decision of the United Stater Supreme
court holds the state laws In these
states to be In violation of a federal
law prohibiting rates In excess of
those upon "other moneyed capital In
the hands of Individual citizens."
Both cases Involved the interpreta
tion of section 5219 of revised statutes,
which sanction the taxation of shares
of national banks In a state with the
restriction that "the taxation shall not
be at a greater rate than Is assessed
upon other moneyed capital In the
hands of Individual citizens of such
state."
The court held that competition may
exist between capital Invested In na
tional banks and other moneyed capi
tal, even though the competition deal
with some but not all phases of the
business of national banks.
In the Minnesota case It was shown
that under the statutes of that state
shares of national banks and of other
banks and of mortgage loan companies
are taxed at a higher rate than money
or credits used In other forms of en
terprise.
A TOTAL of 2314,905 visitors were
registered at the 19 national
parks and 32 national monuments of
the United States during 1926, a gain
of 280.343 over the previous year, ac
cording to a statement Issued by Dr.
Hubert Work, secretary of the In
terior. The total receipts Increased
from *670.920 to *826.454, although
the automobile fees In many of the
parks were cut In half.
Henderson Wins
"Embassy Rou)" Fight
"nee again Mrs. John B. Henderson,
''?fluently referred to as the "dow
?fr of embassy row" In the capital,
won her fight against the eommer
" interests that seek to strip the
j*reI>' residential atmospliere from a
of Sixteenth street, which is one
" Washington most fashionable boul
?v?ru?. ?
*? a result of her efforts the Uis
ft of Columbia zoning commission
rejected a petition by business men to
establish stores on the thoroughfare
nnd in so doing added another chapter
to the struggle that has been waged
over the street.
Mrs. Henderson, widow of the late
Senator Henderson of Missouri. Uvea
In a luxurious home known as "The
Castle" at Sixteenth street and Flor
ida avenue. For nearly a score of
years she has kept the street, on which
many of the expensive embassies of
foreign nations are located, of a pure
ly residential character.
Several years ago she bollt an ex
pensive house not far from her own
residence and offered It to congress as
a home for (he vice president, which
office was l hen held by Calvin Cool
Idge. Her offer, however, was turned
down aDd the house has never been
occupied.
So ardent has Mrs. Henderson been
In her efforts to keep Intact the spa
cious thoroughfare, fringed on both
sides with lines of trees, that she has
won the title of the "dowager of em
baasy row."
BARNEY
AND THE
BRAT
(? kr D. 1. Walsh.)
FROM the terrible night of the can
nery Are, when a wall of the burn
ing building suddenly fell In and
Barney, most Intrepid of flre-flght
ts, went down In the crash, the weu
it engine bouse No. 8 bad done every
thing possible for tbelr Injured com
rade.
The tbree months that Barney lay
in the hospital not a day passed with
out one of them visiting him. They
carried all sorts of presents from
bumpy, bard-fisted bouquets tied With
coarse string from home gardens to a
most gorgeous bathrobe that would
have completely eclipsed Joseph's coat
of-many-colors. And when at last poor
Barney, a helpless cripple for life, was
able to be taken home, they all
chipped In and bought him a wheel
chair.
But with these big-hearted, open
handed men giving so far had been a
pleasure. Now came the real test of
devotion. They wore asked to give
until It hurt
It was Jerry who made the sug
gestion?the one In the group of men
seated at the engine-bouse door with
'.he bright-eyed, alert-eared fox terrier
at his feet.
The proposal met with blank al
ienee.
"I know It's not easy, boys," Jerry
spoke again. "It's going to be like
pnlllng teeth without any laughing
gas to every mother's son of us. But
something's got to be done or the first
thing well know Barney will be put
ting bullets Into himself. All the time
be was in the hospital I never saw
him so disheartened as he Is now.
"It'a company Barney most needs
now," Jerry continued. "His wife's de
voted to him, but except for hurrying
In to get him a bite of lunch at her
noon hour she's gone all day. And she
can't give up her bookkeeping Job, for
their little house Isn't paid for yet, an!
Barney's mar-sarge and electric treat
ments cost a lot of money. Now If he
had the Brat?"
"But why thi Brat?" asked a fire
man recently transferred to No. 8,
"couldn't we get him another dog that
would do as well?"
Jerry shook his head.
"There ain't no such animal! Not
In Barney's opinion, anyhow. You
see. while we all contribute to the
Brat's keep, Barney had more to do
with the kid's bringing up and edu
catln' than the rest of us put together."
"I can remember," remlniscently
'grinned Jovial Joe, "way back when
the Brat was a puppy, yelping nights
to beat the band, and us fellows shy
ing boots at him to make him shut up.
how Barney would get out of bed and
warm milk for him."
"And It was Barney who learned hint
ill his tricks," chimed In another of
the men.
"And Barney who trained the Brat
to ride to fires, sitting up beside him
is important as the chief himself,"
contributed a third.
"I tell you what let's do, boys,"
'wlnklingly proposed Jovial Joe, "let's
put It up to the Brat 'Brat,' said he,
iddresslng the fox terrier, 'which
would you rather belong to? Engine
bouse No. 8 In general, or Barney In
particular?'"
At the word Barney, spoken In an
? Treating tone, the Brat danced up and
down, wagged his stub of a tall and
oroke Into an outburst of excited yaps.
T should say the vote was "unani
mous,' " grinned Jovial Joe.
And the next day, with due cere
mony, the presentation was made.
From that time on Barney began to
Improve. Not only'was the Brat com
pany ; he was occupation as well. Bar
oey fed him. brushed, combed and
bathed him. He tanght him all sorts
of new tricks.
So while still the helpless cripple, a
dght came Into Barney's dull eyes, a
healthy color to his cheeks, even a
cheerful whistle to his lips.
Snch was his Improvement In fact
that In a couple of weeks he was well
tnongh tor his wife to wheel him out
<n the sunny front yard at noon and
leave him there with his Inseparable
companion until the schoolboy neigh
bor she had arranged with wheeled
blm In again at fonr.
Barney and the Brat were "as happy
is klnga"
Then, out of a clear sky, a fly thrnst
Itself Into the ointment of tbelr con
tent?a boisterous buxz-fly.
The buxz-fly was a lawn mower In
themext dooryard.
At the sound of It the streak of It
?cross the grass, the Brat went wild
with resentment
Unfortunately, Hopkins, the owner
?f the next door house, was out of a
lob and terribly out of aorta because
at the fact and to have a yapping,
mapping small dog burl himself before
the lawn mower every time he started
'n cutting his grass made him furious.
"If you don't call off that confonnd
sd dog of yours, I'll not be responsible _
If lie gels hurt," be angrily exploded.
Barney called off, bur, (lie Install'
the lawn ntower tuned up. the Bra'
waa back raging before It.
Soon It was not merely n case ol
lawn mower. The Brat dug boles Is
the Hopkins flower-beds. The Bra'
tracked mud on the Hopkins porch
The Brat left bones on the Hopkins
doormat.
Then came a climax of threats.
If he?Barney?could not put a stop
to that Infernal dog being such a nul
sance, he?Hopkins?would And a waj
to.
From the first, poor Barney, who
had not a moment's peace for fear hit
beloved Brat would be shot or pol
soned, knew there was only one waj
out; one safe way, for the Brat'i
"health and happiness." But It took
him a week to make up his mind.
In the middle of a sleepless nlghl
Barney came to the great decision.
How he could live without him he
did not know, but the Brat must go
back to engine house No. 8?go the
next day while "the going was good."
As Barney lay there In the outer
darkness of the night and his renunci
ation, tears streamed down his cheeks,
a lump choked his throat.
What was that?
As Barney listened, his heart turned
cold. It was a dog In a wild outburst
of barks, yelps, howls. It was the Bral
who slept out In the back yard, now
the nights were mild.
If he should wake up Hopkins!
A shutter of the next-door house
slammed back; a window sash went
up; the enraged Hopkins began to
swear at the Brat
Then the Impossible happened.
Without stopping to call Ids wife,
who slept In the communicating room
with the door open between, somehow
the cripple got out of bed and to the
window.
"Brat! Be quiet. Brat I" he called?
and fell unconscious to the floor.
When he came to, Barney was again
lying In bed, his wife seated beside
him, holding his hand.
"Brat?" he faltered In distress.
An ecstatic bark on the other side of
the bed answered.
"Feeling better, Barney?"
In a daze of astonishment Barney
lifted his eyes to a fireman bending
solicitously over him.
"Why, Jerry!" he gasped. "What
brought you here? Has there been a
Are?"
"Tes, don't you remember? The Are
next door that gave you the scare. Bui
there's nothing to worry about. The
department got It out In short order
It would have been another story
though, If the Brat hadn't discovered
the blaze and raised Cain. Say,'
grinned Jerry, "Hopkins Is going to
buy the kid a scrumptious collar. He
can't say enough In the Brat's praise
Declares he's the smartest cuss of a
dog that he ever clapped his eyes on."
? Duit at a Shield
The British royal commission on
mines has made some Interesting ex
perlments on explosions of mlxtnres
of coal dust and ulr. It has demon
strated that such mixtures are em!
nently explosive, and also that the ex
plosions can be mitigated, or confined
In area, by means of stone dust
which Is not explosive.
A coal dust area was placed be
tween n dustless region and one
spread with stone dust, after which
an explosion was produced In the coal
dust by tiring a cannon. The results
appeared to demonstrate that the ef
fects of on explosion may he transmit
ted to a considerable distance over a
dustless zone by the coal dust driven
before the ah- blast, hut that tht
?tone dust has a restraining effect.
Picking Up a Pin
In this country to pick up a pin
aeon on the pavement la supposed to
be an Indication of thrift. In Ruaala
thla la not bo. A traveler wrltea:
"I was walking one day with an old
Russian lady down a atreet In Moa
cow. 8eelng a pin on the ground. I
stooped to pick It up, when my com
panlon restrained me, saying:
"'Don't do that. According to a
Rnaaian superstition, If a person af
flicted with a dlaeaae drops a pin and
somebody picks It up, the disease wifl
pass from the dropper of the pin to
the plcker-up.'"
Getting Material
The athletic coach at University ol
California southern branch, wis loots
lng over the members of the freshman
claaa for material for the football
squad.
"Do jou know anything about
sports T" he asked of Kenneth Irerson
"Not a thing," replied Kenny.
"What can yon do?"
"I can do the Charleston," was tbs
answer.
"All right You'll be In line fot
cheer leader."
Coloring Electric Globe*
Electric Incandescent globes may be
easily colored by dipping globes Into
a solution of collodion, previously col
ored to snlt, with aniline soluble In
collodion. Dip and rotate quickly,
bulbs down, until dry. ^ ?
Spain in 6b
f " ^America
Fortran Wall at San Juan, Porto Rico.
(Pr?par?4 by th? National Olographic I
Society, Washington. D. C.) ,
THERE is a larfe Spanish-speak
ing world today, comparable In 1
s way to the English-speaking '
world. But unlike the latter the '
Mpanlsh-ipeaklng region I* not to a
ronalderable extent under the wing of '
a mother country, but la lnatead dl- 1
tided among more than a score of In- '
dependent nations.
The great empire of Spain?the
most extensive that up to that time I
had existed?was based chiefly on a
papal bull. Soon after Columbus
tailed west to America and Vasco du
3ama sailed east into the Indian
ocean, the bull was Issued dividing
the world approximately south of the
Pillars of Hercules Into two realms,
and giving Portugal a monopoly of
exploration to the East and Spain a
monopoly to the West. The dividing
line was fixed 37 degrees "west and
south" of the Azores and Cape Verde
Islands, so that It ran just east of the
West Indies and roughly cut Brazil
from the South American continent.
All the rest of the new world was left
vaguely to Spain. Spanish explorers
and adventurers poured westward on
the heels of Columbus, and had soon
staked out for Spain all of the West
Indies, most of South America, and
large areas In the southern part, of
North America.
The first settlement was established
at the end of the Fifteenth century In
Hlspanlola, the present island of San
to Domingo. Then In the first decade
of the Sixteenth century settlements
were started or attempted In rapid
succession In Jamaica. Porto Rico and
Cuba. Such widely separated regions
as the Isthmus of Panama. Florida,
and the coast of Argentina were
reached In 1513. In the same year
Balboa crossed the Isthmus, waded
Into the Pacific and made that class
ically sweeping claim In the name of
the king of Spain. To that sovereign,
he proclaimed, belonged, as a result
of his wading party, the entire ocean
and all land which Its waters touched.
Swift Growth of the Empire.
In 1510 Magellan (though a Por
tuguese) was sent out by Spain to
traverse the newly discovered ocean.
Finally he reached the Philippines,
which by strict Interpretation lay
within Portugal's "mandate." However,
wtth the comforting philosophy that
east was west If you arrived there by
sailing westward. Spain claimed this
large group of Islands and 35 years
later established settlements there.
In the meantime Spanish power was
growing rapidly In the new world.
The conquest of Mexico began In 1519.
Panama City was founded the same
year and became a starting point for
expeditions north and south along the
shores of the Pacific. Peru was Invad
ed In 1532 and Chile came at least
partly under control soon after. The
California coast was explored In 1542
and land expeditions went about the
same time Into regions that are now
New Mexico, Texas, Arizona and even
Colorado. Settlements had previously
been established In Venezuela and
Colombia on the Caribbean coast of
South America.
By 1580 the Spanish possessions
were at their greatest. In Europe
they included In addition to Spain It
self. the Low Countries, Naples, Milan,
Sicily and Sardinia and the Canary Is
lands; In the new world, the West
Indies, most of South America, all of
Central America, and the southern
part of North America, even Includ
ing large areas now In the United
States; In Africa, small settlements
on the north coast; and In the East
the Philippines and sundry small Is
lands of the Pacific.
Today there exist between 90,000,
000 and 100,000/100 people whose na
tive language Is Spanish. The Span
Isb-speaktnf world, therefore, has
roughly half aa many members as the
English-speaking world. The area of
this cultural remainder of the Spanish
empire is roundly 5,000,000 square
miles. The region still In allegiance
to the Spanish language thus covers
ibout one-eleventh of the land area of
the earth and embraces about one
twentieth of the esrtb's populations
Many Millions Speak Spanish.
In setting out to explore this Span
ish world, the logical starting point Is
Spain itself, the fountalnhead of the
Influences which deeply affected a
large slice of tbe earth; and equally
logically the dltectlon of the Journey
Is west. On the west coast of Africa
two patches of territory are encoun
tered where the Spanish flag as web
as Spanish Influences rest. Off shore
are tbe Canary Islands. There the
Spanish flag Is left behind.
The next bit of the Spanish world
encountered Ilea In the new world.
It Is Uruguay, smallest republic of
South America, where the children of
Spain are carrying on the culture of
the mother country. Beyond, eight
other countries?all those of South
America save Portuguese Brazil and
British, French, and Dutch Guiana?
fall, too, under the banner of Spanish
culture.
In the West Indies there have been
defections. Trinidad and the Leeward
and Windward Islands, although once
all claimed by Spain, have lost 01
never fslt Spanish culture. Over Por
to Rico the flag of the United States
flies; but It is still a part of the
Spanish world. Spain Is dominant In
blood, traditions and language. In
old Hlspanlola, where the Spanish
seed was first planted In the new
world, the eastern half of the island
still shows strongly the Spanish Im
press. This Is the Dominican republic
where language and law are still Span
ish. But in the western half of the
Island, covered by the Republic of
Haiti. Spanish culture succumbed to
that of France and Africa.
Jamaica, once a stronghold of
Spain, has long been dominated by
British culture; and the Bahamas,
claimed by Spain, have known only
British Influences. Cuba has been In
dependent of Spanish political powet
since 1898, but Is still culturally a
part of Spain?the most Spanish of
West Indian Islands.
Cultural Influences.
Through the Isthmus of Panama,
Central America and Mexico. Spanish
cultural influences sweep unbroken as
they have for the past three cen
turies and more. Florida shows little
effect of her former Spanish owner
ship save In a few architectural
touches and a few geographic names.
Texas, too, was lost to Spain, but the
effects there are greater; and In many
a community near the Rio Grande the
Spanish language Is. almost as neces
sary as the English. In Arizona and
California, once under Spanish Influ
ences. the situation Is much like that
in Texas.
But one American state stands on
a different footing. New Mexico has
barely passed tbe point at which Its
English-speaking Influences weigh
more heavily than Its Spanish factors.
Only a few years ago It could hdve
been listed u a part of the Spanish
world. Then Its legislature was coo
ducted In Spanish or In the twe
tongues; and Spanish was the ctu^dnf
language en street, and range , and
farm. -
Continuing westward one flnds no
further trices of Spain's world-wide
empire until he reaches the Philip
pines. There, in spite of tbe mixture
of blood, Spanish culture took Am
hold, at least la tbe non-Mohamiaodaa
country. Spanish customs, laws nod
architecture wtlt po doubt color Hh
In the Philippines far many yean M
come.