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The Alamance gleaner _=???i a ? , ' "f VOL LU1. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY NOVEMBER 10, 1927. NO. 41. _ > i , | I ??????? : | WHAT'S GOING ON | NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENT EVENTS Jury Scandal Causes Mis trial in the Falls-Sin clair Case. By EDWARD W. PICKARD MISTRIAL in the case against Al bert B. Fall and Barry Sinclair in Washington was declared by Jus tice Siddons and the jury was dis charged, because of alleged attempts to fix one or more of the jurors and because they ail nad been subjected to shadowing by operatives of a de tective agency. Both the prosecu tion and the defense agreed that a continuation of the trial with the present jury was Improper. The grand jury immediately began investigation of the matter and it was expected that several Indictments would be re turled. The fixing charges were based mainly on seizures made in a raid on a hotel room where 1C Burns detec tives assigned to shadow the Jurors had had headquarters since the trial started, and on affidavits attributing to one Juror, El L. Kidwell, state ments that he would come out of the trial "with a car a block long" and that the Jury would not agree on a verdict The raid disclosed that re ports were made daily by the detec tives to A. Mason Day, head of the Sinclair Exploration company. Mr. Day refused to testify before the grand jury on the ground that he might incriminate himself. Kidwell, waiving immunity and declaring the charge against him was a "frame up," told his story to the grand Jnry. Fall issued a statement to the efTect that neither be nor anyone acting in his behalf had any knowledge of or connection with the alleged attempts to tamper with the jury. Collapse of the trial came when the government had practically completed its presentation of a strong chain of circumstantial evidence to prove that Sinclair paid Fall $230,500 in Liberty bonds for the Teapot Dome lease and had traced by a score or more of wit nesses the passage of the bonds from the treasury of a company In which Sinclair was interested Into Fall's bank account. It was thought unlike ly that the new trial could begin be fore January 1, owing to the necessity for reassembling the government's witnesses from all over the country. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY MELLON, backed up by Under secretary Mills, presented to the house ways and means committee his plan for a tax reduction program, making recommendations that would result in a cut of approximately $225, 000,000. His specific recommenda 'tions were: A reduction of the tax on corporate Income froml3Vs to 12 per cent. Amending those provisions of the law that apply to the tax on corporate income s6 as to permit corporations with net Income of $25,000 or less and with not more than ten stockholders to file returns and pay the graduated individual income tax as partnerships at their option. A readjustment of the rates ap plicable to individual Incomes that 'all In the so-called Intermediate brackets, the effect of which would be to cut taxes for all persons with net. Incomes of $18,000 and more. On succeeding days the committee beard from various business groups which urged a more extensive tax re duction than Mr. Mellon recommend ed. and from agriculture, as repre sented by the American Farm Bureau 'edegatlon, objecting to even sc mnch a cut as favored by the treasury ?nd advocating applying surplus funds Instead to the retirment of the While debt The majority of the com ?dttee seemed in favor of the Mellon Program. I A uniCCLTURAL leaders from the corn belt and tbe Southwestern held a two-day ccnference In J; I^ouls and before adjourning Adopted resolutions strongly indors * the McNary-Hangen farm relief "?asure and condemning every one *??'r posed It Those attacked by f?e of Insect Pests Retires With Honors Acclaimed as the man whose skill "J ?;i,lance saved tbe nation's crops * billion dollar loas from Insect pests. Lei and O. Howard, at the helm of P^ertment entomology for more than J?"' Team, baa turned his task over "lounger hands. , ^Doctor Howard, retiring at his own ywt, prupunsa to continue en """'ogleal w?pA |n his seventieth *e has anbftni half a centnry of name were President Coolldge and Senators Borah of Idaho, Brace of Maryland, Reed of Missouri and Fesa of Ohio. Presidential possibilities were freely discussed by the speak ers, and though no one was numed as the farmers' choice, the name of Frank O. Lowden was frequently and warmly applauded. There was talk of a third party, but it was not men tioned in the resolutions. Besides asking for the passing of the McNary-Haugen bill or one simi lar, the conference requested mem bers of the house from the West to "insist upon the adoption of a house rule under which 173 members can by petition take any measure from any committee and place it upon the calendar for a vote." This was an efTort to prevent the death of farm legislation in the house. Demands also were made upon the Republican and Democratic parties to carry out tbeir national platform pledges adopted in 1924, with respect to farm relief. D WIGHT MORROW, the new am bassador to Mexico, seems to be making a good start toward settling amicably tbe troubles between that country and the United States, and President Calles shows a disposition to do all he can to assist In the process. One day last week Calles took Mr. Morrow out to his hacienda at Los Reyes for a breakfast of bam and eggs and they were said to have spent several hours discussing the most serious questions in American Mexican relations. Mr. Morrow's ex ceeding good humor on his return to the capital indicated that the negoti ations started suited him, and It was said he and the President would have other informal conferences. It Is un derstood In Mexico City that the am bassador will undertake to negotiate a new treaty of amity and commerce to replace tbe one rescinded several months ago. Many Americans al ready have presented to him matters which have been pending since tbe departure of former Ambassador Shef field. AFTER a fight of several years to adjust salaries so they, would be proportionate to expenses, the South ern Pacific railroad has won a victory before a Mexican federal arbitration committee: which will prevent work men from tying up the operations of tbe company. The committee Issued a decree de claring the strike of the Bolshevik railway union at Empalme, where the Southern Pacific has its large shops, to be illegal and ordering the men to resume work within three days or be dismissed. The decree also applied to the shops at Mazatlan. It author ized the reduction of the working week in the shops to five days of eight hours each. G0\ ERNOR ADAMS of Colorado sternly warned the striking coal miners out there that they mast cease picketing under penalty of arrest, so the I. W. W. leaders who are conduct ing the strike decided to abandon the illegal practice. For it they substituted the holding of mass meetings of the Idle men near the mine shafts at the times when workers were coming off shift. The operators and citizens ob jected to this as merely another form of picketing, which would Intimidate the miners who wished to work, but at this writing the governor had not stated what action he would take, further than to say that he does not yet contemplate Issuing an order call ing out the National Guard. In the southern field the operators said many men were returning to work. JAPAN started off the week with a review of the entire naval forces of the empire by the emperor in Yo kohama bay. On board the great bat tleship JIutsu. the ruler passed through eight long lines of 172 ves sels, ranging from superdreadnaughts to submarines and hospital ship and Including the new airplane carrier Akagt. displacing 27,000 tons. No planes took off from the latter, but swarms of them from the Yokohama base flew over the fleet. Comparisons showed that since the Washington treaty of 1X2 the fleet is less powerful for offense, but Is stronger and more efficient in every thing except capital ships and is well adapted to its task of defending the empire. Its light cruiser strength has | federal service that saw his name In scribed on every honor roll of science and his deeds extolled in this and for eign lands. Doctor Howard's favorite fields are medical entomology and parasitology, especially the study of Insects that cause disease in man. His studies of mosquitoes and house flies helped to control the malaria, yellow fever, typhoid fever and other dangerous maladies. One of Doctor Howard's asost note | worthy accoaspUahments has been his ? ?I?? ? Increased from 127,000 toot to 195,000 torn. The British government, according to the London Daily News, la soon to let contracts (or eighteen naval van sets which will cost more than $55, 000,000. These are to include nine de stroyers, three cruisers and six sob marines. This Is part of the great est British program of warship build ing since the armistice. ALL records for traffic and tolls on the Panama canal were broken in October. There were 067 transits, and the aihount collected was ap proximately $2,360,000. These figures do not include naval vessels. Con gressman Madden of Chicago has been Inspecting the canal and an nounces that work will begin as soon as possible on the Alhajuela basin project, which will create additional water storage of about 22,300,000,000 cubic feet. This will cost $10,000,000, and when it Is completed go addition al lock at each lock station will be built at a cost of about $100,000,000. CIVILIAN members of the Chinese Nationalist party In Canton have formed the first regional government, for the Kwantung and Kwangsl prov inces, and announce that, tired of the military scheming and discussion, they will devote themselves to domes tic improvement and will not waste the people's funds In military adven tures. While not openly severing re lations with the Nationalist goverl ment In the Tangtse valley, the Can ton group declares itself the highest Kunmintang authority and Issues an invitation to other Kuomintangists Interested In the establishment of civilian rule and not dominated by militarists, to go to Cantoo and ally themselves with the Canton regional administration. CHICAGO mourned last week the loss of one of the city's most eminent men, Jobn J. Mitchell, bank er and philanthropist. He and Mrs. Mitchell were killed In an automobile accident Other notable victims of death were Maximilian Harden. Ger man editor and foe of the former kaiser; Archbishop J. G. Hardy of Omaha; John Luther Long, author and playwright; Miss Elizabeth Har rison, pioneer In kindergarten work, and Floence Mills, negro theatrical star, who had become so popular In the United States and Europe. TERRIFIC storma swept the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland and scores of persons, mostly fishermen, were drowned. The property damage was heavy, being estimated at nearlv $30,000,000. . Final figures of the lost In the sink ing of the steamer Prlnripessa Ma falda off the coast of Brazil put the number at 314. Of the first-class pas sengers 55 per cent perished; of the officers, 45 per cent. The crew lost only 10 per cent of Its members. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE Is making plans for his trip to Cuba to at tend the Pan-American congress that opens In Ilavana January l& lie has named Charles Evans Bnghes to be head of the American delegation, the other members being: Ambassador Fletcher and Ambassador Morrow, who will come, respectively, from Rome and Mexico City for the meet ing; former Senator Oscar W. Vnder wood of Alabama; Morgan J. O'Brien, lawyer of New York; James Brown Scott, author of several books on In ternational law; Ray Layman Wilbur, president of Leland Stanford univer sity, and Dr. L. S. Rowe. director of the Pan-American union. To this list the new ambassador to Cuba will be added as soon as be la appointed. Baron friedrich von pritt WITZ CND CAFFRON has been appointed German ambassador to the United States to succeed the late Bar on Von Maltzen. He* la only forty years old' and began his diplomatic career at the Washington embassy. An attempt to kill Admiral Paul Konduriotls. President of Greece, was made by ? young Communist In Ath ens. One bullet was fired which struck the admiral on the forehead. Inflicting a slight wound. Mustapha Kemal Pasha was re elected President of Turkey by the national assembly. Bis cabinet Is be ing reconstructed under the premier ship of Ismet Pasha. extraordinary successful work with parasites of Insect pests. Introduction of a beetle from the Orient Is con ceded to have saved the citrus Indus try of the Pacific coast from great In Jury by white scale, and the use of European parasites and natural ene mies of both the gypsy aad brown-tall moth has had a leading part in sav ing the trees of New England. Similar control measures are regarded as hav ing saved American agriculture from approximately la dam^e by insects. HE WAS IN . CHARGE OF THE FAMILY <? by D. J WiUh.1 WHEN John Ueardon died and left direction Uitt bis big farm should be carried en bjr his fire sons without ?bange, also that John, the eldest, was *.o have sole charge not only of the work but also of fulfilling bis plans -egardlng the younger children, the neighbors said it was preposterous. Eren If a boy of eighteefa was capable of carrying on a big farm?which, of course, be wasn't?It was ridiculous to think of bis bringing up a family | of four headstrong boys. But John did not flinch. His father had been a hard-working man?killed himself that way. was the common verdict?and John was very much like him. The morning after the funeral ! he and the next two boys. Tore and l.uther, were In the barn as usual, beginning the day's labors by the light of lanterns. When the sun rose over the eastern, hills they had milked fifteen cows, done the chores and had the milk wagon ;tandlng In front of the kitchen door, ready for its trip to the factory village six miles away. As they left the breakfast table John paused for a moment in the doorway. "I don't suppose there's any use to go over the details." ne said thought fully. "We all know what father's wishes were." "To go through college, learn some profession or trade and for you to hold the reins," commented Tom. briefly. John nodded. "You understand what it means, too. I suppose." he went on gravely. "We have a big farm here, but that is alt. A college education costs a great deal of money, and there are Ave of us. We will have to work sixteen hours a day, as we are doing now. year after year, without time for play or recreation, until each of us Is through with his schooling. Are you willing]" "Count me in," said Tom. sturdily. "And me," chimed In the twins. Harry and Joe. Luther alone re malned silent "Well, Luther]" said John his clear, uncompromising eyes turning sharply to the third boy. "You know, John, without my tell Ing." Luther replied, Irritably. "Fa ther and I went over It times enough I'm willing to belp you until spring, and you are welcome to my share of the farm, but I don't care for a col lege education. I have other views." "But your views must come In after father's wishes," returned John. "You know be went through college, ami he wants all us hoys to. That's what he worked so hard for. Ue said s man could do better work In tlie world if he was educated." burner s eyes nnsuea reneuioumv. -I'm willing to work until spring, he repented. "Going to college would be wasting too many years. Jus' think I Bj the time we were through, and helped Harry and Joe through. I would be twenty-five years old or more. No. I can't wait that long. If you'll sell two of the cows next spring and give me the money. 1*11 call every thing square and go off and fit myself for what I like." It was now John's usually calm eyes that flashed. "After we are all educated the farm may be sold and divided." he said shortly; "or one of us can take it and pay the other* their share. Until then everything from It goe* toward college expenses. You can share thnt way or not. just as you like/' Luther turned abruptly and walked toward the barn whistling. John gazed after hint Irresolutely, and once started as though be would call him back. Then his eye* hardened Luther was only fifteen, be thought, and did no*, know his own mind lie would come round before he was old enough for college. But as be went down the land toward the main road be glanced anxiously toward the barn, with half a mind to leave tbe wagon and look up his brother Instead. However, It was already late, ant) the milk custom ers would be growing Impatient. It w s long past noon when he reached home, and tbe boys hnd gone back to their work. It took an hour for him to feed tbe borse and wash the milk cans and set them out In the sua Tbe woman hired to do ibe housework had the poultry and pigs to look after, and the butter and cheese to make, so John had taken It upon himself to wash the ran* every day after his return from the village. At length It was accom pllshed and be took a hoe and started for the field where the boys were at work. Tom saw him approaching and came to meet him. ! "Here's a note Luther gave me for yon soon after yon left this morning." Tom said anxiously. "I'm afraid bo's | up to. something " John took the uot*. which read: [ "Dear John aod Hie Roys: I'm ! afraid we cant agree very well about I the college business. There la oue I thine I like, and which I think I cnu { do well, and It don't seem right for | rue to give It up for something I j don't like and ctfn'f do well. Father J used to say everyone should do hi* j beat. That's what I'm going to try to do. only not in the way he meant, Don't think too hard of the shiftless brother who isn't brave and patient enough to fight for a college educa tion. and don't worry about me I'm going to the (dace where David boards, and will he all right. "LUTHKIL" ??Well, what do you make of It?" "Nothing now, except tlint I've been too bard. I'm not old enough to treat him as father could. Now let's pitch in and finish off the field before night. , Tomorrow you'll have to run the milk : wagon. for I'm going to the city t?? that place where David Brown boards." It was only two hours' ride to the . city, uud little trouble was exjieri i enced In finding tlie big tenement j building in which David Brown. the son of one of their neighbor?, had lodging Luther had taken a room on the third floor, the Janitor said j and he gnve John direction# bow to . reach it. Hut when lie went up John j found the room empty, although the door was ajar. He recognised Luther's hut upon the bed. and flushed a little n# lie saw an unframcd picture of his father i In a conspicuous pluce on the wall. There was a dingy bureau In the ' room, and on it a violin In a cheap pasteboard box. He gnve a low cry of comprehension as he saw it. Then he drew out the violin, glistening ami bright in Its unsolled coat of varnish and with the price mark not yet erased. John's eyes grew tender a# he i gazed. Unquestionably this w;;s the cause of Luther's unrest. He knew the boy had brought only $10 from home to pay his fare to the city Al lowing even a small amount for the ' room rent, probably all the rest bud j been put Into ibis cheap violin. I low | he most have longed for It to risk | all the money be had. with no prospe< > I of more coming InI He remembered Luther's passionate devotion to u vlo lin which bad been glverp to h!tn sev eral years before, nntf which bad j caused him to neglect some chores, j until finally hi# fa I Iter had consigned | it to the fireplace. A quicK step hi (he hall. mid John ; turned, with the violin in his h;im! to gaze Into (he astonished, defiant eyes of l.utlier. "John " "Luther!" nnd fiien tlie older boy ( stepped forward Impulsively nrnl j placed t?oth hands upon his brother's j shoulders. It was such nn iinprcee dented act for (he grave. ntnller-of fact John to do that the detliinee In Mutter's eyes changed to questinning surprise "I've come to talk things over.' John explained, "and to ask forghe ness. I*ntely I've been feel In -; almost as though I were a grownup man. ami the rest of you only boys, and I'm afraid I've acted that way. If you'll come we'll try to make it pleasunfet Luther shook his head, with some ! of the hardness coming hark into Ids eyes. "I mean to learn that," noddin? toward the violin In John's hand-. "Just the same as the rent of yon mean to go through college." "Of course I understand that. John conceded quickly. "I wish I had before Hut why ?un t you learn at 1 home? You can rake u few hours | from work every day to practice, and ? there's that Mr Carew down In the ? village. Hoiks say he's a splendid musician, and he's willing to give you two lessons a week. A teacher? Luther's eyes glistened at the thought And learn at home' The very Idea made him hold his ! breath. Why. hack there lie had fel* ? It almost a crime to even mention a ! violin. ? j "Yes." John snld. answering the ex j presshm, on Luther's face. "It will b best 'haft way; and I am sure fnlliet ' would have wished It so had be under stood Hut you see be was always so , busy working for as that be never . found time to really get acquainted And as to the college I really wish you would go. like the rest of na. I think It will help yoti find it l? what | fatlier wlslted Yon will not have to i wait so very long. Tom will go first, i and then you." "Hut you?" "Ob. I'll wait until the Inst. I understand the fnnn better ftmn the rest of yoti. nnd can make It turn In more ni* ney. After Harry and Joe get through college I'll lake my turn." "Hut yotiII be pretty nigh thlrtj years old." wionderltjgty. "Yea. pretty nigh. Father was thirty before be had worked his way th rough.'' Luther looked at him with the la?! trace of sullenoeas and defiance going from his eyes "If you can do that.** he said at last slowly. "I guess III be glad to stand by and help." Hidden City of Hie i/rcaS Mountain Valley in tho Machu Picchu Region. IPrsparol br las National Unvmobk SwIMr. Waahlnatan. D. C ? ONE of the most remarkable ac complishments lc uncovering the secrets of the (>aat ID the Western hemisphere was the discovery a few years ago of Macho decho. hidden refuge city of the Id cos, Id the mountulu fastnesses of I'ero. The discovery was made by an expedition sent out by the National fieographlc society and Yale univer sity onder the leadership of Prot Hl rain Bingham, now United States sen otor from Connecticut. Tlie hlstrrlcal geography of the ADdes of I'ero and Bolivia offers a series of problems of Intense Inter est. These Include the oilgln of the ancient cities, such as Tluhuaniicn. t'uzco, and Marhu IHcchu: the rela tion of the different types of architec ture, Including the monolithic, the adobe, and the rubble; the question of the migration of races, the rpread of the nnclent civilization, and the se quence of cultures, besides a thou sand and one queries as to the man ners and customs, government, re ligion. and philosophy of those Illiter ate hut very skillful engineers and soldiers, tlie Incas. nnd their prede cessors. the "Megnllthle Polk." Mnchu Plcchu was first found after n elltnh over mountain ridges and along sheer fllffs. I.ater the retunlns of old highways were found. It thus appears that the builders of Machu I'lcchu had an elaborate system of highways throughout this little known nnd almost unexplored country which lies neivfpn me * ruDamnn vniiey unu the Apurlmac. This region *?' once densely populated, and Mnchu Piccho waa tt? capital. There are no other ruins In the region that approach the hidden city In magnificence, although there are a great many whose archi tecture hears a striking resemblance to the less Important buildings la Mnchu I'lcchu Itself. Study of the remains found at Mnchu I'lcchu Indicate that we liate here an essentially Itira city, using the term Inca In Its most reasonable sense?that Is, to designate the tribes and nations that occupied the major part of the central Andes from earliest times down to the Spanish conquest. I .ark of tlmlwr. the prevalence of heavy rains during part of the year, and the ease with which stone might he procured early led to the develop ment of stone as a building material. Strength and permanence were se cured through the keying together of Irregular blocks. The ap|ier sad .ower surface of these stooes were fre quently conveyed or concaved. In constructing Ihe-r walls the pure arch w as not evolved They developed several Ingenious devices such as "b>ck-hole*" for fastening the bar hark of a d?s>r; "rlngstoDes." which were Inserted In the gables to enable the roofing beams to he tied on; pro jecting stone cylinders, which could he used as points to which to tie the roof and keep It from blowing off. The ancient builders also provided for ventilation and drainage. Although He hulhhngs are extreme ly well liullt. there Is no cement or mortar In the masonry, and there la no means of preventing tlte roots of foiW trees from penetrating the walla and eventually tearlog them all down. In several cases gigantic trees were found perched on lite very tips of the gable ends of small and beau tifully constructed houses. It was difficult to cut down and get such trees out of the way without seriously damaging the house walla. City of Refuge. Uachn Piccho was essentially s city of refuge. It Is perched on a mono tola top In the most Inaccessible corner of the moat Inattsaqlbla aw Uta of the Drnbamfea riser. Apgsrsat ..-ic i^j --I-' : ?? A;, ly there la no part of tbe Amlea that has been better defended by nature. A stupendous canyon, where Uw principal rock is granite and where tbe precipices are frequently over V 000 feet sheer, presents difficulties of attack and facilities for defense sec ond to none. Here on a narrow ridge, , flanked on all sides by precipitous or nearly precipitous slopes, a highly civilized people?artistic, inventive, and capable of sustained endeavor?at some time In tbe remote past built themselves a city of refuge. 8Ince they had oo Iron or steel tools?only stone hammers?Its con struction must have cost many gen erations, if not centuries, of effort. Across the -idge, and defending the builders from attack oo tbe side of the main mountain range, they con structed two wlIIs. One of tbem. con stituting the outer line of defense, leads from precipice to precipice, utilizing as best It can the natural steepness of the bijl, Beyond tills, nnd on top of tbe mountain called Macbu Piccbn, which overlooks the valley from the very summit of one of the most stupendous precipices In the canyon. U constructed a signal station, from which the ap proach of an enemy could be Instantly communicated to the cfty below. With in the onter wall they constructed as extensive series of a fl cultural ter ra res, stone lined, and averaging about eight feet high. Between these and the rlty Is a steep, dry moat and tha Inner walk "When the member* of an attacking force had safely negotiated the precipitous and easily defended (Ides of the moat, they would still And themselves outside the Inner defenses of the city, which consisted of n watt from fifteen to twenty feet high, com posed of the largest stones that could be found In the vicinity?many of them huge bowlders weighing many tons. This wall Is carried straight across the ridge from one precipitous side to the other. These defenses are on the south side of the city. On the north side, ou the narrow ridge connecting the city with Hoayna PIcchu. strong defensive terraces were strategically placed so as to render nil the danger of an attack on this side Construction of the Houses. On entering the city, perhaps the first characteristic that strikes one Is that a large majority of the bouses were a story and a half in height, with gable ends, and that these gable ends are marked by cylindrical blocks projecting out from the house In such a way as to suggest the Idea of the ends of the rafters. The wooden rafters have all disappeared, but the ring-stones to which they were tied may still be seen. The next most conspicuous feature of Machu PIcchu Is the quantity of stairways, there being over 100. large and small, within the city. Some of them have more than ISO steps, while others have but three or four, la some cases each step Is a single block of stone 3 or 4 feet wide. In other* the entire stairway?six, eight, or tea steps, as the ease might be?was eat out of a single granite boulder. The largest level space la the city was carefully graded and terraced, ao as to be used for agricultural phr> poses, on the products of which tbo Inhabitants could fall hack for a Id case of a siege. It seems probable that on* reaaaa why the city was deserted was a change In climate, reeultlug la acaa city of water supply. At tba prsauat . time there are only three sasall sprtag* oo the mountain side, sad In the dry t ?^iil
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Nov. 10, 1927, edition 1
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