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The Alamance gleaner VOL. LV. GRAHAM, N, C? THURSDAY AUGUST 8, 1929. NO. 27. I DOINGS OF THE WEEK [j NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENTEVENTS Farmers of United States at Last Get Together for Mutual Benefit. By EDWARD W. PICKARD E\OR the first time in history the farmers of all sections of the United States are getting together to work for their mutual benefit. Wheat growers, corn growers, cotton plant ers and live stock raisers, numbering more than two millions, decided at the meeting of the American Institute of Co-operatives In Baton Rouge to create a national chamber of agri cultural co-operatives with headquar ters In Washington. This organization, which Is expected to be the strongest of Its kind in the world, will be ready to function almost Immediately and Its officers will represent the nation's farmers before congressional commit tees and In all ways act for them In public matters. This action follows closely on the formation of a committee of leaders of farmer co-operative groups for the purpose of organizing the producer owned $20,000,000 grain marketing cor poration proposed by the new federal farm board. The members of this committee are now conferring with their respective groups and conduct ing a drive for membership. They meet again In Chicago August 26 and soon thereafter will be In Washington preparing for Incorporation of the big concern. William H. Settle, head of the Indiana Farm Bureau federation, is chairman of the committee. He was prominent In the "farmers' revolt" at the Republican national convention last summer. The new corporation was officially named the Farmers' Na tional Grain corporation. To the meeting In Baton Bouge, Chairman Legge of the federal farm board set forth his views of the prob lem of rehabilitating American agri culture, and his outline of the board's program was approved by the other members. Hr. Legge made it plain that the only farmers' organizations which will receive financial help from the board are those that are efficiently organized and properly administered within the provisions of the law. The kind of co-operative organization he has In mind is one that will exert a real Influence as a stabilizing agency In the marketing of the products of the more than 6,000,000 farms, an or ganization that will exert, as he put It, "at least a measurable degree of control" over the flow of those prod ucts to the markets and an agency virtually in control of the condition under which the products of Ameri can farmers are sold. The board, he emphasized, never will buy or sell any commodity. President Hoover completed the membership of the farm board by naming Samuel R. McKelvIe, former ' governor of Nebraska, to represent the wheat growers. Mr. McKelvIe accepted the appointment with the understand ing that he may withdraw at the end of one year. He is the owner of the Nebraskn Farmer and was Indorsed by a large number of farm organiza tions, and Mr. Hoover chose him for the place after the different wheat groups were unable to unite upon a recommendation. JOHN W. GARRETT of Baltimore, banker and former diplomat, has been appointed American ambassador to Italy to succeed Henry P. Fletcher who Is retiring from the service and will leave Rome very soon. Mr. Gar rett has had nearly twenty years of service In the diplomatic corps and other foreign service. He was first secretary of the American embassy at Rome from 1908 to 1911 and also has served as minister to the Netherlands, Venezuela and the Argentine and was secretary general of the Washington arms conference. PRESIDENT HOOVER'S decision to suspend work on the three cruis ers that were to be laid down In nary yards next autumn aroused a lot of adverse criticism as well as praise. One of those who expressed his dls- I approval waa Paul V. MeNutt, na tional commander of the American Le gion. In a reply to Mr. MeNutt the I'realdent says he is relying on the agreement between the United States and Great Britain looking to complete equality In the strength of their navies. He describes the agreement as "the first step of the renewed con sideration of reduction of the exces sive world naval armament" and holds It to be "a forward step of the first Importance," reiterating his position that defense Is all that the United States Is Seeking. DRASTIC economies In the Ameri . can military establishment are contemplated by President Hoover, and- lie has ordered n general stall survey of army expenditures. He ex pects a report with recommendations In time for the submission of an econ omy budget at the next regular ses sion of congress. Branches of the military establishment, especially the cavalry and the coast artillery, were alarmed and at once began marshal ing arguments In their behalf. Out side the army the opinion was that the President's move was a threat es pecially against the many "political" posts that are of no military value and are maintained at great expense through the influence of congressmen and politicians of the districts or states In which they are located. Senator Bingham of Connecticut said: "At least 50 of the garrisons which the taxpayers are now called upon to maintain are not needed for national defense and have no military value. The army Is considering the establishment of three large divisions East, South and Far West?and the limitation of army posts to a few, well planned and chosen because of the proximity to divisional headquarters as well as their availability for train ing large units of the service together, would be not only economy but sound military practice. "Of course the Infantry school at Fort Eennlng, Ga., the general service schools at Fort Leavenworth and sim ilar projects should be maintained, but there are forts and posts all over the country that should be abandoned, the property on which they are located should be sold, and the proceeds ap plied elsewhere In the service." LOSS of the Lamport and Bolt liner Vestrls with 112 lives last No vember oft the American coast was due In part to overloading, according to the findings of the British board of trade which conducted a long and thorough Inquiry. Other contributory causes were the "tender" condition of the ship; her Insufficient margin of stability and reserve of buoyancy; the heavy weather encountered, and wa ter finding Its way Into the lower bunkers. Some of the company's agents In New Tork and several of the ship's officers came In for varying degrees of blame. Representatives of soviet Rus sia and China began negotiations for settlement of the Manchurlan quarrel, meeting on a train placed on the border line near Manchoull. The Chinese emissaries were said to have Indicated a willingness to restore the Chinese Eastern railway to Its "status quo ante" provided that Russia fur nishes guarantees to refrain from Communist propaganda In Manchuria. Continued unrest along the Man churlan border, blamed largely on the "White" Russians, led the Soviet gov ernment to order out all the Siberian "reserves up to the age of twenty-seven years. They were assembled at Kbnv araovsk, Vladivostok and Chita. EJALF a million cotton mill workers of England went on strike rather than accept a 12ft per cent redaction of wages proposed by the employers. Consequently practically all the mills of the Lancashire region were closed, to the consternation of the nation. The operators refused to yield and the weavers and spinners would not listen to talk of negotiations, so It seemed the dispute was likely to be long drawn out. The minister of labor, who Is Miss Margarof Bondfleld, says there Is no action ha department can helpfully take at present. CHILE and Peru have signed a pro tocol complementary to the gen eral treaty concerning Taena and Art ca. It states emphatically that no part of the territory covered In the general treaty shall be ceded to a third power, which seems to pnt an end to Bolivia's strong hopes of gain ing an outlet to the Pacific ocean. SUDDEN Communist uprisings In two sections of Colombia were put down after bloody battles with the sol diers and police. The casualties were at least a dozen hilled and many hurt. Thursday, August 1, was named "nntl Imperiallsm day" by the Communists, and they made demonstrations In many of the large cities of Europe, though their activities were curbed by the authorities everywhere except In the Soviet republics. DALE JACKSON nnd Forest O'Brlne, flying the Curtlss-Rob ertson monoplane St. Louis Robin above St. Louis, Mo., established a record for sustained fligfit that may stand for a long time. They remained In the air 420 hours 21 minutes nnd 30 seconds, und then landed not be cause they or their engine was worn out, but In order to attend the funeral of u friend, another aviator, who was killed In a crash. They made 77 con tacts with another plane, 47 of which were for refueling, and they flew ap proximately 25,200 miles, or about the distance around the world at the equator. The two pilots earned more than $42,500 by their exploit. The flight was especially a triumph for the mo tor, a six-cylinder air-cooled radial type engine designed by Arthur Nutt. After being feted in St. Louis, Jack son and O'Brlne started on a tour of the country In their record-breaking plane, following about the same route taken by Col. Charles A. Lindbergh two years ago. ? An endurance flight started at Min neapolis ended In the crashing of the plane nnd the death of the pilots, Owen Haughland and Capt. Preston L. Crlchton. They had been up 154 hours. Lieut. Harold Bromley, intend ing a nonstop flight from Tacoma, Wash., to Tokyo, came to grief as his monoplane slid down the runway and turned over on Its right wing and was smashed. He promised to make an other start as soon as he could get another plane. Roger Q. Williams and Lewis Yancey, the New York-to-Rome flj*ers, after being entertained In New York, flew to Chicago, Yancey's home city, where they were given a great reception and banquet under the nus plces of the Chicago Press club. SEVENTEEN hundred convict* In Auburn prison, New York state, made a desperate attempt to gain their freedom, battling the guards nnd police for five hours and burning down some of the prison buildings. They seized the arsenal and armed them selves with rifles, pistols and four ma chine guns, and the ensuing tight was sanguinary. Two convicts were killed and four guards were wounded. Four of the prisoners made their escape In the confusion. This affair, coming only six days after the futile uprising of the inmates of Clinton prison, Dan pemora, aroused the state authorities, and Governor Roosevelt called for a thorough Investigation. The New York state prisons are admittedly greatly overcrowded, and more outbreaks are feared. MPOINCAItE, who resigned as ? premier of France Immediately after the parliament had ratified the war debt settlements with the United States and Great Britain, has been sncceeded by Arlstlde Brland, who re tains his portfolio of foreign minister, and who has made almost no changes In the cabinet. Brlnnd's first task was to obtain a vote of confidence for the government's negotiations at the Inter national conference to put In opera tion the Young reparations plan, which meeting was scheduled for Au gust 0 In The Hague. The vote was given Brland by a big majority. It was announced In London that Prime Minister MacDonald would not attend tbe conference and that Great Britain would be represented by Foreign Min ister Henderson, Chancellor of the Exchequer Snow-den and William Gra ham, president of the board of trnde. MacDonald and his government have declared their opposition to the Young plan as It now stands, feeling that It involves too much sacrifice of British Interests for the benefit of France. Smoke and Mist Pall Keeps New York Dark Philadelphia basks In 18 per cent more sunlight than New York has. Doctor Krusen, associated dean of the school of medicine of Temple uni versity. said. Be has been making leadings of a sunlight-measuring ma chine on top of the medical school for several weeks, comparing his data with New York figures. "River smoke and mists from the baj are responsible for New York's low sunlight (Igar*," said Doctor Kru sen. "Then, again, Philadelphia does not hare so concentrated an area of factories belching smoke as New York has. The bay mists there cause an almost perpetual pall or haze orer Manhattan, shutting oat the rays of the sun." The Temple university's sun meas uring machine consists of a photo electric cell, highly sensitized to light. A "B" battery similar to that used In radios Is brought Into play, and the device la attached to a recording potentiometer. Th!? records graphi cally the lighter and darker minutes of the day, much as the recording tennomctcr at the weather bureau records the temperature by drawing a red line. The brighter the sunshine the higher the curve recorded on the graph. Smoke waves cnusc slight fluctuations, and cloudy conditions a more gradual sweep In the curved record. Doctor Krusen hopes to establish a direct ratio between lack of sunlight and epidemics of disease t*r THE i SILVER i LINING J (?by D. J. Walsh.) THE disappointment bad come so swiftly nnd unexpectedly that Aant Jerry was still a bit bewildered trying to assure herself If It was reality and not a hor rid nightmare when Madge landed for her summer vacation. It would seem almost providential to have the girl come from college just at the time, but Aunt Jerry was suffering too much physical pain from her sprained ankle and too much mental anguish over her greater disappointment to feel thank ful for anything, "Oh, Aunt Jerry," Madge burst Into the sick room In her usual boyish man ner, the manner her aant bad been criticizing so forcefully to the family doctor. "You poor dear, how are you feeling now? If you only knew, Doc tor Evans, how she has sacrificed to give Gordon his lessons, always look ing forward to the day he would sing his flrsl. solo In a big church. And now when she was all packed to go and hear blm she had to fall on those horrid old basement stairs and sprain her ankle. Isn't It too terrible?" Madge put out an Impulsive hand and patted the thin fingers on the coverlet. She wanted to throw her arms around her aunt and give her a big bear bug, but something about Aunt Jerry had always seemed to hold the girl's outburst of nfTectlon at arms' length and make ber feel left out and alone. The postman's whistle sent her (ly ing from the room again and Annt Jerry turned to the old doctor with a gratified look as mnch as to say, "There, what did 1 tell yon?" "She really Is a dear at heart I know," conceded Annt Jerry, feeling Instinctively that the doctor's opinion of the young girl he had doctored from babyhood, did not exactly coincide with her own. But she's altogether too boyish. I really feel all this gymnastic stuff Isn't Just?Jost femi nine. yon know. She's simply crazy about them all. basket ball, tennis, skating, and now her Inst fad Is radio. Bnt I drew a sharp line there. She'd much better be learning to darn and crochet the way I did when a girl In stead of listening to the crazy Jazz they get throngh the radio. They're no good, I tell you, no good at all." With a tremendous little burst of feel ing Aunt Jerry drew her handkerchief quickly across her eyes. "I suppose I'm foolish," she went on after a pause, "but you know when Sister Carrie died and left me with the two children how happy I was to find Gordon had a voice and how I've done without to have It trained, t?I did so want to hear him sing his first solo In a big city church. I wanted to hear the pipe organ and feel that my boy was a part of all the bigness and was singing his song for me out of m grateful heart." Doctor Evans finished bandaging the foot and stood a moment looking down at the sufferer, feeling for some words to offer In consolation. But for the first time tn the many years he hnd known her be felt there was nothing he could do to allay her mental dis tress. His work must deal only with the physical discomfort "Mnybe If we try real hard." he fumbled, "we may find a silver lining. Who can tell?" At the foot of the stairs the doctor was confronted by a tiny but deter mined figure with sparkling eyes and a secretive finger across her lips. Mo tioning him Into the dining room, she closed the door and began at once: "Doctor. I've started something I can't finish. I simply must have yonr help." "Shoot ahead, young lady," he laughed softly. "It certainly starts out Interesting enough." After a few minutes whispered con sultation, the doctor tiptoed through the hall toward the front door again and stole out to his waiting car. Sunday morning rose clear and warm. Even Aunt Jerry's tired eyes brightened as Madge trundled a wheel chair to her bedside, explaining that the doctor had ordered by way of tonic that she be wheeled Into the guest room, where they would proceed to have services. There was something unusually buoyant about the girl as she spoke. And Aunt Jerry very condescendingly allowed herself to be helped Into the chair and wheeled Into the next room, wondering what new caprice had tak en hold of the child. As Madge threw open the door to the large room Aunt Jerry gave an ex clamation of genuine surprise. For the room, usually so forbidding with Its drawn shades, sparkled with sun shine; while flowers, great hunches of them, were everywhere; Madge ex plained afterward they were sent hy neighbors who wanted to share In the surprise. But for the time, Aunt Jerry Just sat and stared, taking In the spicy fragrance with a pleased look on ber thin face, too delighted to even ask ? question. I'or Just a minute, however. Then ns suddenly the pleasure fled from ber face and she halt rose In her chair and pointed an accusing finger at the long mahogany case on the low window seat. Its great load speaker standing out defiant and bold. "Who, who, said you could get that thing?" she began. "Walt," whispered Madge, her cheeks flaming scarlet. "Please, dou't scold for Just a minute." Dropping on her knee before the In strument, she clapped on the head phones and swung the dials Into place. All the time she was conscious ot her mint's look of grim disapproval boring Into her back. Por a moment or two there was silence In the room us the girl waited for the announcer to finish speaking. Then with a triumphant lit tle laugh she rose to her feet and switched on the loud speaker. Organ music?the wroth suddenly died out of Aunt Jerry's eyes, "Why. I?I didn't know. It's like a church choir, Isn't It?" Madge nodded. "It Is a choir," she whispered. "Listen." All Interest now. Aunt Jerry leaned back In ber chair and closed her eyes. Maybe she had been a bit hnsty In condemning. Anyway, It was a pleas ant diversion for the time. Organ music again, soft, rolling music. "Why, It's the prelude to the song Gordon was to sing. I know It, oh, so well. Maybe be Is singing It "now In the big city church so fnr away," she began. Then of a sudden Aunt Jerry's eyes enme open with n snap. "It's Gordon's voice," she shrilled. "Oh, I know It la. But how can It be?" Madge dropped to the low stool ot her aunt's feet. "It Is Gordon's voice," she said. "He Is singing It all for you, for I telegraphed him we would be listening In." Then us the Inst notes faded away Madge looked up Into the older woman's face with a contrite expression. "Aunt Jerry, will you forgive me? I know you hate these new things. I made the set all myself In my spare moments at college. And ?and"?n little more slowly us she doubted the reception of her words? , "I had to put on my knickers and ' climb a tree to untangle the aerial." Tor answer Aiint Jerry leaned down and planted a kiss on the tousled boy ish bob. "I don't quite understand It all Just yet," she said, "but we'll have lots of time while I am getting Will to go Into It together." Then, "there's thy doctor's ring. Better run down and let him in. I've said some things I want to take back." Telling the World ?Te.'in wns Henry's email niece and this was lier first visit. On Sunday the service at church had kept her enthralled. "Do people who want to net mar ried have to ask the minister to tell everyone?" she asked when they came out. "I should think Mr. Thomson must be awfully glad Miss Day Is go ing to tnnrry him at Inst, don't you. Uncle llenrv? lie must be so tired of asking her." Henry gave an audible gasp. "1 suppose he must. Jean. Hut who told you all this?" "The minister! Weren't yon listen ing? lie said: 'I publish the hands of marriage of Richard Thomson anil Mary Day. This Is the third time of asking." Silver Fox Distinct Breed There are distinct breeds of blnck nnd silver foxes. Silver foies are a freak of nature, but the breeding of them has been carried to such a (mint that they are now an established breed. Silver foxes are worth much more than black foxes owing to the fact thnt red foxes can be dyed black whereas there Is no way of camouflag ing silver foxes. The raising of silver foxes has been carried on for close to forty years. Who'* to Be Bon ? The amhltioo of many young girl* In fo gain the mastery over the men they marry. In Sweden, the hrlde tries to see her groom first, and puu her right foot In front of his during the ceremony. She also takes care that she stands so close to him that nothing can squeeze between?not even a rny of light! In this way she thinks she solves the Droblem of which one shall he "masterful" In the home. Olive Needs Special Seil The region In which the olive may be successfully grown for the com mercial production of fruit In the Cnlted States Is not as great as for most frost-hardy fruits, and has been confined to portions of California and Arizona, although the trees will live and bear some fruit In portions of all the southern tier of states of this country. Another Myth? * It Is usually believed that out troops In the Revolution wore no uni forms or If they dt" they were al ?ways In rags. It Is another of the myths that have become our heritage. ?Woman's Home Companion. ' ?* Llghthouae and Port, Palma, Balearic Island*. (Prrp?rfri by lh? National Olographic Society, Washington. D. C.) THE Balearic islands, In the Mediterranean olt the coast of Spain, are ofT the beaten path today, but once when that In land sea was the center of world culture these Isles throbbed with life und activity. There are five main Islands In this Spanish group, and several Islets. They are ruled as a military district, hut the mother country has been wise enough to recruit the soldiers needed for discipline trom among the Island ers themselves, thus Insuring a sym pathetic rule. Majorca Is the main Island. It Is a delightful spot, not very well known even to Spunlurds and ulmost wholly missed by the stream of outside tour ists that courses through other parts of the Mediterranean. The Island Is almost square, about forty miles alnng each side, and Ilea as though bang ing by a cord from the eastern end of the Pyrenees by one corner. Thus a corner points In each of the cardinal directions, while the sides are exposed to the northeast, the northwest, the southwest and the southeast. Along the northwest side, which faces Spain, Is a high mountain range whose loftiest peaks, nearly a mile high, bear patches of snow In winter. But even In the summer their tops are gleaming white, for they are of mar ble and the crests of many are devoid of vegetation. The lesser peaks and shoulders are clad In a mantle of dark green pines while lower are groves of Ilex and flowering shrubs. On the gentler slopes of this northern const and In Its valleys man has placed vineyards and orange and olive groves. The whole panorama, sweep ing from the blae sea through vary ing greens to the shining white peaks, makes a picture of Incomparable loveliness. It Is south of the mountains that Majorca's gurden spot Is found, and the fertile plain that sweeps off from the foot of the range to the hills that rim the southeastern side of the Is land Is called Just that, the "Huerta." This level region supports many thou sands of acres of nlinond and apricot trees, and In the spring Is a vast sea of blossoms. Palms Has an Anclant Site, i'aluia, the capital of Majorca, lies In a broad bay thut Indents the south western side of the Island Just south of the high mountains. A city has existed there probably since the days of Carthage when colonists from that African empire occupied Majorca; but there Is little evidence now of anything but Spanish Influence. Scattered about the city are numerous Interest ing old palaces of the leading Island families?one at least for almost every street. The population Is about equal to that of Mobile, Ala., or Portland, Maine. Majorca, like the Spanish main land, was overrun by the Moors. For 300 years they held the Island with I'almu (then Mallorcn) a flourishing Moorish city. It was a thorn in the side ot the Spanish Christian king doms, however, for the Majorcnn Moors became piratical In the Twelfth ceri tury and no Christian ship was safe. King Jayme 1 of Aragon organized a strong expedition which sailed from near Barcelona In 1229, and, after a siege, captured Palma. Soon the whole Island was subdued and divided among Jayme's knlgbts and soldiers. It has remained Spanish ever since and there is no trace of Moorish blood among Its Inhabitants. The Spanish Majorcans followed lr the footsteps of their Moorish prede censors In so far as developing nau tlcal ability was concerned. As trad era they rivaled the Genoese for i time and once dominated the entlri western Mediterranean, controlllni Sicily. Sardinia, Corsica, Malta ant the Balearlcs. I'alma had s great dockyard for galleys. In the mlddlt of the Fourteenth century more than 30,000 sailors and 401) vessels wen In the Majorcan service. During their prime as merchant shippers, the Mnjorcans were famous as the leading geographers of Eu rope. They Invented crude but effec tive Instruments of navigation and drew the most reliable charts then known. Minorca Looks Very English. Minorca la the easternmost and sec ond largest of the Balearic Islands. No one visiting Majorca or Ivlza. sis ter Islands, would doubt their Span ish ownership once be mingled with the Inhabitants or studied the archi tecture of their buildings. But Minorca, although ruled by the Spanish king and hut 27 miles east of Majorca, differs from Its neighbor Islands. Except In a few spots. Its people and Its buildings would Ot an English village outside of London. Owing to early British occupation. Miss Minorca stays at home, while her Spanish sisters work side by side In the tlleds with their husbands; and Instead of the soft oxhide Span ish sandal the Minorca maid wears shoes. And proudly she tells bow Lord Nelson, during the war with France, came to Mahon, Minorca's capital, seized and lived In a man sion bouse overlooking Mahon's line harbor. In the protected Inlets aronnd the Island are small Ashing villages, made spotless by frequent coats of whitewash. Back of these villages the natives raise sufficient wheat for home consumption. Wine, olive oil, potatoes, hemp and flax are produced In moderate quantities; melons, pome granates, llgs and almonds are abun dant ; some cattle, sheep and goats are reared; and were It not for the scarcity of fuel, the lead, copper, and Iron deposits could be profitably worked. Near Mercadal there are fine marble, limestone and slate quarries. Incidentally Mercadal la the ancestral home of Admiral FurraguL Mahon Lacka Spanlah Color. 511 nor ca could be expanded (oar tlrnea Its Datural size and tben not match the area of Ithode Island. Its population conld be boused in a small American city. More than half of the Majorcans lire In Ma hon, the capital, the most English spot on the Island. From the steam ship, the city has a Spanish aspect, with church belfries dominating tha panorama. But In the streets, which rise terrace above terrace np the cliff side, English Influence prevails. There Is little Spanish color. Shining brass fixtures, square-paned windows with white frames, snd unshuttered windows during the day time are de cidedly un-Spanlsh. At the other end of the British made road, Cludadela, while not as Spanish as Palma. Majorca, Is not as English as Mabon. Like Mabon, It occupies the side of s cliff overlook ing a One harbor. Many of Its build ings are whitewashed and even the nearby rocks sre frequently given white coats along with the bouses; but here and there a daub of color ?pink, blue, green or yellow?and an occasional Iron grill balcony lend a Spanish touch. The easy-going life of the Latin prevals In Cludadela more than In Mahon. One of the most exciting events at Cludadela Is the srrlval of boats from the other Bale aric Islands or from Barcelona. Minorca's authentic history begins i with the arrival of Mago, brother of I llannlbal. In 210 B. C. He founded Mahon. The Island was the cause of i frequent conflicts between European i sovereigns and the scene of pirate raids for centuries. Under British i rule. Minorca prospered from the enr ? ly part of the Eighteenth century un - til the Seven Tears' war. The owner - ship of the little Island also was In i volved In the American Revolution ! when the French and Spanish cap t tured It while England was busy over I seas. Sixteen years later, at the be t ginning of the long struggle with ? Napoleon, the British again captured i Minorca and It remained British on I til 1802 when, under the Peace ft Amiens, U passed to Spain,
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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