The Alamance Gleaner
VOL. LV. GRAHAM, IN, C., THURSDAY JANUARY 30, 1930. NO. 52.
i *
1?Telephoto picture of wreckage of big passenger plane which crashed at Ocennside, Calif., killing sixteen per
sons. 2?Frau Dorothea von Velsen of Germany, Mrs. Tsune Gauntlett of Japan, Miss Kathleen D. Courtney of
England and Mme. Marie Louise Puech of France, principal speakers at a public meeting held In Philadelphia
for the fyrtherment of international peace. 3?Henry Wharton Shoemaker, historian, appointed American minister
to Bulgaria to succeed II. F. Arthur Schoenfcld.
NEWS REVIEW OF
CURRENTEVENTS
Naval Parley Starts With
Good Chance for Succsss
?Young Plan Signed.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
rpVEUYTHING except the physical
atmosphere of London was auspi
cious for the opening of the naval lim
itation conference on Tuesday, and
every one connected with the parley
seemed optimistic concerning its re
sults. King George, making his first
public appearance since he fell ill on
Armistice day, 1928, started the pro
ceedings with a warm but brief ad
dress of welcome to the delegates
gathered In the royal chamber of the
house of lords. He was followed by
the heads of the five delegations, all
of whom made appropriate speeches I
full of generalizations and hope.
Significant extracts from these five j
addresses are:
Prime Minister MacDonald of Great
Britain: "If we are not careful we
shall be once more involved In fever
ish competition such as heralded the
outbreak of the war fn 1914. . . .
The way of Great Britain is on the
sea. The stock of its people came
from the sea; its defense and its high
roads have been the sea; its Aug is a
flag of the sea. Our navy nowhere is
superfluity to us. It Is us.'*
Secretary of State Stimson of the
United States: "Dfeel it is more im
portant to emphasize the fact that we
do not look upon this effort toward
disarmament as final. Naval limita
tion is a continuous process. We re
gard disarmament as a goal to be
reached by successive steps. . . .
We sincerely hope that increased feel
ing of security may enable still more
drastic reduction In the future."
Premier Tardieu of France: "Our
needs are determined, as Mr. Mac
Donald has Justly observed, by our
geographical position, our historical
position, our economic, maritime,
colonial, political and defensive situa
tions. Taken altogether they define
what Is called a nation."
Keijiro Wakatsuki of Japan: "It is
the unanimous desire of the Japanese
people that peace should be lastingly
established. . . . I see no Insuper
able obstacles in our path."
Dino Grandi of Italy: "The fascist
government is desirous of securing
real and tangible results in the fields
of disarmament and security. . , .
The problem is one calling for cou
rageous action. . .
PROM their public expressions and
" the Information t hat came from
their prlrate conversations with one
another, it appeared the representa
tives of the five naval powers had at
least reached a unity of opinion on
five broad principles. They were
agreed upon the necessity for a naval
holiday in the sense that competitive
building of war fleets should cease.
The.v-admltted that the public opinion
of the world demanded economy In
naval expenditures and relief for the
peoples from financial burdens. They
believed it advisable that any agree
ments arrived at by the conference
should be for a comparatively short
period so they might be revised and
Improved in later years. As to the
last point, It was said the British and
I>robably the Americans favored re
vision of agreements in 1Q3G and the
French wished the term to be about
twice as long.
The three highest hurdles the con
ferees will have to surmount probably
are the British determination to bring
^bout a sharp reduction In battleships
with their possible elimination In the
future; the contest between France
and Italy for control of the Mediter
ranean and the Italian demand for
parity with France on that sea; and
the desire of the French that any
| agreement reached shall be advisory
to the League of Nations' disarmament
commission.
When the question of the method of
limitation comes up, the Americans
and British, who prefer restriction by
categories, will probably make con
cessions to the French and Italians,
who advocate the theory of global re
strictions, and offer to accept an ar
rangement of global limitation by
which 10 per cent of tonnage may be
transferred from one category to an
other on one year's notice.
Business sessions of the conference
began Thursday, bnt It was the opin
ion of Mr. MacDonald that It wonld
be two weeks before the delegates got
to the point of putting their sea
strength estimates Into terms and
figures. In formal meetings he urged
them not to be too hasty In getting
down to statistics and categories and
lists of tonnage, believing the problem
should be attacked slowly and piece
meal. The three hundred Journalists
gathered In London from all parts of
the world were bitterly disappointed
when It was announced that the
"plenary" sessions of the conference
would not be open to them for the
present. Their exclusion, however, did
not prevent tbfelr sending many col
umns of speculation and gossip to
their papers every day. It Is good
reading but the wise reader accepts
their statements with reservation.
WHEN on January 20 the dele
gates of nineteen nations signed
the revised and amplified Young plan
at The Hague, the World war actually
came to an end. Twenty separate
agreements, fourteen annexes and fif
teen special clauses were signed and
presented to Premier Jaspar of Bel
glum, chairman of the second repara
tions conference, and he thereupon de
clared the conference adjourned. After
ten years of discussions, quarrels,
mllitnry occupations and parleys, the
final act of liquidating the war had
been performed.
The Young plan as modified and ac
cepted requires Germany to pay about
$0,282,000,000 from April of last year
through 1060. The system of annui
ties Is little changed. The sanctions
clause that was added implies that
military occupation can ensue If The
Hague tribunal holds that Germany
has wilfully defaulted. The interna
tional bank will be merely a clearing
house for the payments.
CONGRESS has elevated the Amer
ican legation in Poland to the
rank of an embassy, and President
Hoover has nominated Alexander P.
Moore of Pennsylvania to be am
bassador to Warsaw. Similar action,
of course, was taken by the Polish
government, Tytus Flllpowlcz, the
Polish minister In Washington, being
named ambassador.
The nomination of Edward E. Brodle
of Oregon to be minister to Finland
was also sent to the senate by the
President. The senate confirmed the
nominations of four ministers. They
were Gilbert Baker Stockton of Flor
ida, to Austria; John Motley More
head of New York, to Sweden; Ralph
H. Booth of Michigan, to Denmark,
and Henry Wharton Shoemaker of
Pennsylvania, to Bulgaria.
I F ANY citizens still thought the
' Wlckersham crime commission la
tended to take up the question of the
desirability of prohibition, they were
undeceived last week by Sir. Wlekar
sbam himself. In a radio address that
was broadcast to the nation tbe chSfr
man of tbe commission made It quite
plain that that body was concerned
only with the enforcement of the dry
laws, and he appealed to congress and
the people to aid the authorities In
making the country arid.
Secretary of the Treasury Mellon
and Prohibition Commissioner Doran
appeared before the house committee
on expenditures In the executive de
partments In behalf of the Wicker
sham commission's bill for the
transfer of the prohibition bureau
from the Treasury department to
the Department of Justice. The wet
members of the committee tried In
vain to lure Mr. Mellon Into giving
his personal opinion of prohibition and
the possibility of enforcing It.
In the house cf representatives the
wets had another chance for sarcastic
oratory when five bills to relieve over
crowding of federal prisons were un
der consideration. But they got no
where and the bills-were passed.
Federal Judge J. W. Woodrough at
Omaha declared unconstitutional that
part of the prohibition act which per
mits personal injunctions against
habitual violators of the law.
SECRETARY OF COMMERCE LA
MONT announced that, on the
bails of statistics complied by the new
construction division of Ills depart
ment, It seemed certain there would
be In 1930 an expenditure of almost
seven billion dollars on construction
and maintenance of public works and
public utilities. This total, Mr. La
mont said, does not Include residences,
commercial and Industrial structures
and other private operations which
last year totaled more than three bil
lion dollars.
Programs for betterments to plant
and equipment, announced by public
utilities, railroads and telegraph com
panies represent expenditures of $3,
200,000,000, divided as follows: Class
A railroads, $1,000,00,000; electric, gas
and street railway companies,?$1.41)0.
000,000; American Telephone apd Tele
graph company, $700,000; Independent
telephone and telegraph companies,
short line railways and privately
owned waterworks, $100,000.
Complete returns from the gov
ernors of 20 states Indicate probable
expenditures of $1,778,742,901 for pub
lic works and this combined with con
servative' estlifiates based on partial
returns from the remaining 22 states
aggregating $1,275,000,000, It was
stated would give an Indicated total
of $3,053,742,900 for public construc
tion by the various states. When
federal construction Is Included, this
total for public construction, It Is es
timated, will be Increased to $3,325,
000,000.
FOURTEEN passenger* and two
pilots lost their lives In what was
called the worst tragedy In the his
tory of aviation, near Oceanslde,
Calif. A big trl-motored plane that
was bringing passengers baclt to Los
Angeles from the race track at Agua
Callente, Mexico, got out of control
and as the pilots were attempting to
make a landing on the beach the ma
chine burst Into flames and crashed.
Every one on board perished, their
bodies being burned beyond recogni
tion. Eight women were among the
victims.
MRS. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRY
AN, widow of the "Commoner,"
died of arthritis in Lo? Angeles at the
age of sixty-eight years.
Other deaths of the week Included
those of Stephen T. Mather, former
director of the national parks sys
tem ; James Dahlman, mayor of
Omaha; George Le Malre, well known
comedian; D. A. Boody, one of the
veteran brokers of Wall Street, and
Vlsconnt Esber, one of the most In
fluential of British peers.
(A, 1110, WosUrn Mtwspnpsr Union.)
| UPON THE 1
I HIGHWAYS |
| AND BYWAYS |
| OF THE LAND |
********??????*???*?*<?****
(? by D. J. WsUh.)
AFTER graduating from college
at the Impressionable age of
twenty-three Lee Barton threw
oft the restraining garments of
convention with a grand flourish, and
with serene confidence set out up
on the highways and byways of the
land, ever cherishing a sublime faith
In a romance that lurked Just around
the next corner. A merry vagabond
was Lee. ready to embrace golden
fleeces, lady loves, troven treasure,
holy grails, or whatever delectable
gifts the gods of chance deigned to
bestow upon blm.
Heedless of bis father's desire that
be enter the commercial lists nud es
tablish a branch office cf the Barton
Plate Glass company In a distant city,
Lee took the rood. And now, after
four months, he found himself on a
park bench In a hustling mldwestern
city, penniless and rather seedy In ap
pearance. It was the same city, he
reflected, In which his father desired
him to open a branch office.
On a nearby bench on attractive
girl of about twenty sat reading a
newspaper. After a while she dropped
the paper, and as It fluttered to the
I ground Lee saw her daub furtively at
her eyes with a small handkerchief.
"Why, the girl's crying," be mut
tered to himself. "A fair damsel In
distress. To the rescue. Sir Galahad."
He strode across the walk and seat
ed himself on the bench beside the
girl. "Pardon this unseemly liberty,"
he said, "but something In the paper
has apparently distressed you. Tell
me what it Is and I'll go over and
challenge the editor to a couple of
duels."
"I was reading the want ads," an
swered the girl. "Looking for a Job.
"A Job?" repeated Lee. "You mean
a Job?of work?"
"Of course," replied the girl. "Work."
"Work?what a vulgar word," pro
claimed Lee. "What an uncouth word.
Work? Why, the Idea Is?"
"If you Just came over to make fun
of me." sobbed the girl, "please go
away. Perhaps, if you were hungry
and tired?as I am?you'd?"
Now, Lee had an honest face, hncked
by personality plus. He set himself
diligently to the pleasing task of win
ning the girl's confidence, and In a,
short time they were chatting amiably.
Across the park was a small restaur
ant, and. with charming politeness.
Lee Invited the girl to dinner.
"I'll go on one condition." answered
the girl. "Providing that as soon as
we've finished dinner you'll let me go
my way unmolested. Your only re
ward will be the happy thought that
you've done a kind deed."
Lee consented, smilingly, to these
terms. They entered the restaurant
nndi were soon enjoying a tasty and
ample meal. The girl proved a most
agreeable dinner compnnlon, and Lee
skillfully drew out her pathetic story.
It was the old tale of a working
girl with an invalid widowed mother
to support. Her name was Rose Era
ser and she was an expert stenog
rapher. Although her story moved
him deeply, Lee took a huge delight
In studying her face and found a vast
pleasure in her company. The ineal
came to an end all too soon for Lee.
"Now we'll stick to our little agree
ment," he announced, "so you Jtist run
along. But here's my last request. In
a few days you will see a want ad In
the local papers. In which the Barton
Plate Glass company advertises for a
stenographer. If you're still afflicted
with the vulgar Impulse to work please
answer that ad in person. Remember
?the Barton Plate Glass company."
As soon as the door closed behind
the trim figure of the girl Lee rose
and sauntered back Into the kitchen.
Here he calmly removed his coat,
rolled up his sleeves and heedless of
the astonished stares of the cook
reached nonchalantly for a white
apron that he spied hanging on a peg.
The proprietor of the restaurant, a
rather corpulent Greek gentleman, had
deserted his post at the cash register
and came bustling back Into the kltch
ea
"Here, what's this?" he blustered.
"What's going on7 What?"
"Please calm yourself, my dear sir,
I beg of you. Be careful of your blood
pressure." admonished Lee. "That
poor girl was hungry, perhaps starv
ing. hadn't eaten for ages. So I
brought her In here to eat, perhaps
saving her sweet young life. Very
noble of me, I'm sure. I congratulate
myself. Now to business, for I per
ceive you are a business man. How
many hours must I work In order to
pay for those two excellent meals and
also earn a nice, bright, shining dollar
In Cnlted States currency?"
At first the proprietor was qulie
taken aback by I.ee's glib defense, but
he soon smiled and entered Into the
comedy spirit of the situation.
"Don't know what your game Is,
young feller," he affirmed, "but If you
wash dishes, help the cook and bus
boy and make yourself generally use
ful until 9 p. tn. you can have supper
and 1 11 slip you the dollar."
At 9:30 Lee was In the telegraph
ofllce writing a message to Ids neg
lected and much worried father.
"Am ready to open branch office at
once In this city," he wrote. "If O. K.
wire expense money and send?"
At 10 o'clock he was curled up for
bis night's slumber <.n the sawdust
pile of n lumber mill. For sawdust
Is clean and easy to brush from one's
clothing.
Four days later he was sitting In a
swivel chair in a spacious office locat
ed In one of the city's principal busi
ness buildings, watching a sign painter
embellish the outer door with "IJarton
Plate Glass Co." Also he appeared to
be waiting for some one. Three young
Indies had already applied for the
stenographic position In response to his
ad, but had been summarily dismissed.
Then the well-remembered figure of
Rose Fraser appeared In the open
door. Recognition was Immediate.
"You?you!" she gasped. "Why?"
"You're hired!" shouted Lee. "Take
off your bat and coat."
Holstein Cattle Winter
in Luxurious Quarters
Speaking of tbe winter care given
tlie famous Holstein cnttle by the
dairymen of Frlesland, Holland, tbe
National Geographic society says:
"Barn and dwelling are under one
roof, which rises high Into the sky
In order to provide loft space for the
lmrneme amount of hay needed as
cattle feed during the long winter.
The whole gives the appearance of s
one-story cottage pushed low into the
earth by weight of an Immense pointed
roof, which reaches above the tops
of the tall trees lining the roadway.
"A hall separates the living quar
ters of the farmer's family from
space set aside for cows, which as a
rule is the larger portion of the house.
Visitors testify that these Darns are
spotless and odorless. Each stall is
sanded and has a window of Its own,
Inevitably decorated with a fresh
white window curtain. Every cow
has a hath dally and many of their
tails are tied up with ribbon."
Cheerfulness Wins in
Life's Strenuous Game
Cheerfulness Is a wonderful tonic.
If you are enjoying yourself thorough
ly, how much you can do. It Is hard
to tire out a happy person. It has
been proved, too, that gloom Is wear
ing. Von can exhaust yourself worry
ing and while you nre lying abed and
not moving a muscle. If you worry,
you seldom do good work, because yon
have not energy enough to go around. !
You use It up In worry, and there Is
not enough left for your work. It j
follows logically that if you wish to '
make the most of life, you must cult I- |
vate cheerfulness and discard gloom. I
If you forget 3'our trouble In helping I
some one else, however, you will lind
that you can always put gloom to
flight and get the mastery of fear. It
Is your only chance for happiness.?
Exchange.
Great American Rivers
The Mississippi proper Is about
2,060 miles long, 2,161 of them nav
igable. From the mouth of the Mis
sissippi to the headwaters of the Mis
souri, however, Is a distance of 4,200
miles, and 2,682 miles of the Missouri
may be navigated. The navigable
tributaries of the Mississippi number
45, and the entire system offers
16,000 miles to traffic. The area
drained Is 1,257,545 square miles.
Generations of Glove Makers
Glove makers at Johanngorgenstadt,
In southern Germany, represent In
many cases the third and fourth gen.
eratlon of their families engaged In
the industry, according to C. K. Hal
pern, New York. Mountain spring
water in that district facilitates leather
tanning, and the trade has developed
somewhat along the lines of the an
cient guilds.
Hah?
Some Americans were standing In
front of St. Paul's cathedral In Lou
don. A fellow countrywoman drove
up and stood near them?apparently
drinking In the majesty of the cathe
dral's beauty. Suddenly she turned to
one of the group. "What do you sup
pose that church weighs?" she aslted
?London Tlt-Blts.
Electricity From Rug
The bureau of standards says that
electricity generated by walking on a
heavy rug Is n common experience In
winter, when the heated air Indoors
Is very dry. There Is no effective way
of preventing such charges except In
creasing the humidity of the air. The
electrical energy Is small.
Gfepg'fo'Rhine,
Koln 8een From the Air.
(Prepared by the National Geographic
Society. Washington. D. C)
THE varied group of towns and
cities linked together by the
Rhine form a New England of
Germany, of prime Importance
in the republic's drive for Internation
al trade. Rarely 50 miles Inside the
German border lies Dulsburg. gateway
?o the busy Ruhr, premier mining ami
manufacturing district of Germany
nnd one of the chief industrial regions
af Europe. Dulsburg has n population
only a little below a quarter million.
Ruliort, the part of 'Dulsburg situ
ated where the Ruhr river meets the
Rhino, far from being an unimportant
town, takes at least one world honor.
It Is the most extensive river port In
the world. When the quays of the
older part of Dulsburg and those of
the little town of Romberg across the
Rhine are added, the wharfage facili
ties of the Dulsburg district are fairly
staggering In extent. They stretch
for more than five miles along the
Rhine; and many branched basins
have been constructed leading from
that river nnd the Ruhr as though
giant hands had been pressed into the
enrth again and again, leaving a chan
nel for each finger.
A constant stream of tugs, barges
and larger vessels moves in and ou;
of the channels under normal condi
tions, nnd the craft of Ruliort are to
he found In all parts of the Rhine.
Down the Ruhr valley come coal nnd
some Iron, though the larger part of
the Iron needed In this great industrial I
region Is shipped In from German l^>r
rnlne, Luxemburg. Sweden and Spain.
A considerable part of this Is bronght
In on the Rhine. Other raw materials
nnd food products are Imported, ad
ding to the commerce, nnd coal and
manufactured products are shipped
out In great quantities.
Near the water front In the Duls
burg district are situated Innumerable
factories and Industrial establishments
?collieries, steel and Iron plants, roll
ing mills, blast furnaces, foundries,
machine shops, chemical works, saw
mills, shipyards, and various other
enterprises.
t "Village on the Dussel."
Cities are strewn thickly In heavily
populated Germany. Dusseldorf Is
only 20 miles up the Rhine from Duls
burg, and 24 miles down stream from
Koln, where the British maintained a
bridge head after the signing of the
treaty of Versailles.
Dusseldorf means "the village on
the Dussel." and when first heard of
In 1150 this name fitted It. Now It Is
n "village" of more than 300,000 popu
lation?a city with more inhabitants
than Seattle nnd not many thousands
less than Minneapolis. It Is one of
the handsomest cities In western Ger
many with commodious parks and
some fine old buildings. The streets
of the old nucleus of the city are nar
row nnd crooked, but the newer sec
tions have been laid out with wide
avenues.
Ten years before the World war rail
road tracks which were along the bank
of the Rhine were moved and the
space so obtained was made Into an
Imposing thoroughfare overlooking ti e
river, the Rhine promenade. There.
Rritlsh Tommies. French Pqllus. and
their Belgian comrades took the air.
Like Dulsburg, Dusseldorf Is an Im
portant Industrial center and has ca
pacious port facilities. But Its Indus
trial life Is not so markedly dominated
by coal and Iron, nnd If Is more than
a city of factories and shipping. It
lakes additional toll from the thriving
Ruhr region by serving as Its prin
cipal banking channel. Its textile In
dustries are of great Importance.
Koln (Cologne) Is one of the most
popular stopping places along the
Rhine., Its city officials are accus
tomed to welcoming an annual deluge
of travelers.
Although Koln la two thousand
years old, it reflects its prosperity and
modern development in wide, tree-lined
boulevards, broken here and there by
flowering gardens and parkways orna
mented with monuments, and eques
trian statues of celebrated German
countrymen. Fine shops and imposing
mansions bonier these thoroughfare*,
hut now and then one wanders into s
section where medieval Koln reveals
itself in tortuous, narrow, cobbled
streets, walled by ancient gabled house
fronts and dimly lighted by antiquated
gas posts.
The Human wail that once surround
ed old Koln has long since been de
stroyed and Its foundation now forms
one of the city's most beautiful boule
vards and pnrkwavs?the Ring. Only
the gate towers ??f the walls remain,
marking the llmifs of tlie old city.
Beyond them Koln lias spread out. ab
sorbing numerous suburbs until Its
population n??w is nearly TflO.OOtt.
As Germany's great river port and
one of its major railroad centers, Koln
Is the St. Io>uis of the republic. Co
der the graceful arched bridge that
connects the city with the east bank
of the Rhine, puss long strings of
barges, lumber rafts, barge steamers
and palatial passenger boats.
Koln has a large trade In grain,
wine, mineral ores, coal, leather, tim
ber and porcelain. Some of tlte prod
ucts of the city's industries are known
by their names such as Cologne brown,
a brown coal, or lignite, used as a pig
ment in paints: Cologne ware, a plain
ban ^stoneware, mottled gray ant
brown, which Is made into ornamental
Jugs: Cologne spirits, a rectified liquid
containing 5X5 per cent alcohol; Co
logne thread and Cologne blades.
Fifty-seven miles further up the
Rhine I# Koblenz, where American
troops of occupation we-e stationed.
In prewar and war days It was a typ
ical German military city.
When Augustus Caesar sent Prusu*
to conquer the people of the Rhine re
gion. thnt brilliant general built half
a hundred forts along the river, and
nround some of these sprang up citie*.
Thus Koblenz originated.
Koblenz Full of History.
Franklsh king* lived at Koblenz. In
the Eleventh century the city obtained
n charter, and for SOU years It was
ruled by archbishop electors. It flour
ished as one of the Rhenish league of
cities, but after the Thirty Years' war
It became less prosperous. French,
Swedes, Russians and Germans occu
pied the town at various times until
the congress of Vienna awarded It to
Prussia. In 1S22 It became the seat
of government of the Prussian Rhine
province. An historic old house In
Koblenz Is the birthplace of Metter
nlch. that Austrian Machlavelll, who
helped organize, and presided over the
congress of Vienna.
Koblenz derived Its name from Its
location, on the triangle formed by the
confluence of the Rhine and the Mo
selle. a location similar to that of
Pittsburgh, Pa., on the Ohio and the
Allegheny. The Romans called It
"Confluentes.**
Frowning from a steep precipice of
rock, nearly 400 feet above the RJdne.
across the Moselle from Koblenz, Is
one of the most famous of German
forts, the Khrenbreltsteln. oxer which
for several years the Stars and Stripes
flew. It formed the principal feature
of the extensive defenses about Ko
blenz. That city was considered of
prime military Importance because of
Its navigation outlets on both rivers
and Its numerous railway lines.
Louis the Pious?not so pious,
though, that he remained a monk when
his sons coaxed him to a monastery In
the hope of getting Ids kingdom
founded the church of St. Castor In
Koblenz in 83rt. But the present build
In^ with Its four tower* dates back
only to the Thirteenth century.