The Alamance Gleaner
VOL. LVI. ~ GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY MARCH 20, 1930. NO. 7.
I.?I>r. Frederick A. Cook. Arctic explorer. Just released from Leavenworth prison, plans to begin a new life.
Z.?Final resting place of William Howard Taft In Arlington cemetery, near tomb of Robert T. Lincoln. 3.?Kamal
devl Chattopadhyaya, noted female leader In the opposition to British rule In India.
NEWS REVIEW OF !
CURRENT EVENTS!
<
Hoover Makes Move to
Avert Collapse of Arms
Conference. 1
i 1
IN AN effort to avert the collapse of
* the arms conference, or failure to 1
reach a flve-power agreement to re
duce armaments, threatened by the at- 1
tltnde of France, President HooTer has i
sent new Instructions to the American
delegation.
The President Is said to have of
fered alternative proposals designed
to make a live-power agreement possi
ble, If not for actual reduction of naval
strength for at least placing a limit
near present figures.
It Is understood that be suggests
concessions on the part of the United
States and Great Britain which would
make It easier for Japan, France and
Italy to agree.
The collapse of the conference was
threatened when Foreign Minister
Brinnd had announced his withdrawal
because the United States, hacked by
Great Britain, had flatly refused to
accede to the demands of France for
a security pact as a condition of their
consenting to any reduction In naval
armament.
Later Mr. Briand relented and an
nounced that he would remain with
the conference, and that he still had
hopes of reaching an agreement.
The break with France came at a
private meeting between Prime Min
ister MacDonald, Secretary of State
Stlmson and Foreign Minister Briand
of France. Mr. MacDonald demanded
that Briand produce bis real figures.
Mr. Briand replied, tartly:
"I have no figures. 1 came over
here to get a pact. If you want fig
ures you must talk to Premier Tar
dieu. I am finished."
Mr. Briand demanded point blank of
the British prime minister and the
United States secretary of state why
they are suspicious of France's naval
requirements and why they refuse to
permit her to maintain adequate sea
power for self-defense, but accept
Italy's demand for parity in silence.
"I don't think that It Is fair to ask
France to produce all of her figures
and make oat her case," he said.
"We are willing to discuss every
point without being asked. But there
is another country at the conference
occupying the same status as France,
but she is left alone and says nothing
beyond demanding parity with us?
making no Justification of her claims."
The Japanese delegation Indicated
that the absence of France from fur
ther negotiations, which automatically
disposes of Italy also, will prevent
Japan from proceeding in detail
toward any extensive reduction of ar
maments, because her strength Is con
tingent upon the naval forces of the
European powers.
However, It is practically assured
that Great Britain and the United
States will write a treaty. If the
other powers refuse to come In Uncle
Bam and John Ball will sign It alone.
/
SECItETARY OF LABOR J. J. DA YI8
has announced his candidacy for
the Republican nomination for United
Btntes senator for Pennsylvania. Mr.
Davis' announcement came after
be had been Informed that William 8.
Tare had withdrawn from the senate
race and wonld throw him his sup
port. Mr. Davis denied that he In
tended to withdraw from the cabinet
to make the race.
THE great Importance of teaching
civic responsibility to the youth of
today, along with the ability to road
ind write, was stressed by President
Hoover In a short address at a din
ler given by the Boy Scouts of
America.
Four hundred business and profes
ilonal men, gathered In Washington
to commemorate the twentieth annl
rersary of the founding of the Boy
Scout movement and to launch a hlg
expansion program, listened while the
President spoke of the necessity for
training the boys of Impressionable
ige In the duties and obligations of
citizenship, "If the country Is to con
tinue as a successful democracy."
Mr. Hoover spoke In the highest
terms of the Boy Scout movement, as
serting that It Is one of the most val
uable educational and training forces
for democracy In the nation. The
President also praised the leaders of
the Boy Scouts for offering the boy
of today an opportunity for real ad
venture and of directing his Interests
toward "constructive Joy" Instead
of "destructive glee."
MAHATMA GANDHI, Indian lead
er and mystic. Is conducting a
campaign for civil disobedience against
British rule In India. Demonstrations
have been held In various parts of the
country, but they have been orderly.
Gandhi defles the British govern
ment to arrest him and warned his
followers that they must be prepared
"for the worst, even death. In plans
for defiance of the salt tax." Produc
tion of salt In defiance of the govern
ment monopoly Is the first disobedi
ence step of the Indian program.
The British authorities are taking
every precaution to prevent trouble.
IMMEDIATE appropriation of more
than $173,000,000 for multiple gov
ernment projects was voted by the
senate In passing the flrst deficiency
bill.
Of this sum $100,000,000 Is for the
farm board, giving that newly estab
lished government organization a total
of $250,000,000 of the $500,000,000 au
thorized for Its revolving fund by con
gress. The additional fund was ap
proved without opposition.
A NEW financial and diplomatic
S\ era dawned for Germany and En
rope when the relchstag. following the
plea of Chancellor Mneller. voted to
accept the Young plan, which provides
for the final liquidation of Germany's
war debts.
In his addresq In the relchstag Chan
cellor Uueller Hailed the expected lib
eration of the Rhlneland, Its recovery
of sovereignty and control of finances,
railroads and taxes. "We no longer
will depend on decisions of the un
controlled and uncontrollable office
In the bands of foreigners as was the
case under the Dawes plan." be said.
WITH the body of William How
ard Taft resting beneath the
newly turned sod In Arlington ceme
tery. the affection which be bore for
lira. Taft. his three children, and Yale
university was attested when bis win
was opened.
To "my dear wife. Helen H. Taft,"
the final testament of the former
President left virtually his entire es
tate. Filed for probate. It disclosed
no valuation.
Yale university, where Taft spent
many of the happiest years of his
busy life, first as an undergraduate,
and then as the Kent professor of
law from 1913 until 1921, when he
rose to the chief justiceship, received
the largest single sum mentioned In
his will?110.000. It will be added to
the principal of the alumni university
fund and credited to bis own claas.
that of 1878.
To bis three children. Robert A.,
and Charles P. Taft. and Mrs. Helen
Taft Manning, the former chief Justice
left some of his most prized posses
sions?bis nepers, manuscripts, cor
respondence, addresses, and copy
rights. They are to be used as the
recipients think best, after consulta
tion with Mrs, Taft.
A COMMITTEE of the New York
County Lawyers association,
after a two-year stndy of the ques
tion, decided by a six to one vote to
challenge the Eighteenth amendment
ns a defiance of the Tenth amendment
to the Constitution. The committee
also voted to submit their contentions
to the Supreme court for a test ruling.
The Tenth amendment reads:
"The powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution nor
prohibited by it to the states are re
served to the states, respectively, or
to the people."
The fact that the Eighteenth amend
ment conflicts vitally with the older
Tenth amendment has never been pre
sented to the Supreme court for a
ruling.
THREE states?New York, Penn
sylvania and Ohio?are to spend
more than a billion dollars this year
for construction and maintenance of
state, county, and municipal public
works, according to figures assembled
by Secretary of Commerce Robert P.
I.amont. Gov. John S. Fisher of
Pennsylvania has Just reported to Sec
retary Lamont that the total for that
state is estimated at $305,988,118. The
total for New York state Is $475,275,
442, while that for Ohio is $223,225,000.
"On the basis of complete reports
from more than two-thirds of the
states covering all types of public con
struction and maintenance to be car
ried out in 1930. together with reports
from federal departments and com
missions and public utility corn
pan: ss," said Secretary Lamont
"prompt decisive action In speeding up
this year's $7,000,000,000 program ol
construction work of these types seems
well established."
IN VIEW of the Issue raised by sen
ate'radicals in opposing the nbmina
tlon of Charles Evans Hughes foi
chief justice, it Is likely that unless
President Hoover names a man ol
known liberal tendencies to succeed
the late Associate Justice Ed ware
Terry Sanford there will be anothei
long-drawn out light In the senate.
Legislation to place the powei
industry under the controliin:
hand of the federal government Is nov
before congress, sponsored by Senatoi
Couzens of Michigan, chairman of tlx
senate Interstate commerce com
mlttee.
The bill is the second to folios
months of inquiry Into and discussloi
of activities of the giant power Indus
try and Its relations with the federa
trade and power commissions.
Couzens, a Republican, is the authoi
also of another blli, to reorganize thi
power commission, and was conflden
of getting both the reorganization ant
the regulatory proposals before tbi
senate this session.
THE army engineers are ready tt
proceed with J35.000.000 of (loot
control construction along the mail
stem of the Mississippi river as soot
as congress makes the.money avail
able.
Selecting work not Involved In tin
controversy over the merits of tin
Jadwln plan, the engineers have vlr
tually completed all plans and apecifl
cations and their fleld forces art read;
to go to work after the pending ap
propriation bill is passed.
Coincident with this announcement
Secretary Hnrley made known tha
condemnation proceedings will b<
brought immediately to obtain levei
and floodway rights across rallroai
and state highway lines In the Bon
net Carre floodway in Louisiana.
'? 1030. Wnttn K?w*p*p?r Umion.)
1 DREAM RUG |
| THAT MADE 1
I DREAMS I
1 COME TRUE I
<? br D. J. WaUh.)
OLD NICHOLAS, as he was
known In that portion of a
great mid-western city where
Urea Its foreign cltlxenry,
raised bis thin shoulders from OTer
the loom. A short winter day bad
drawn to a close and the pale light
from the single bulb spread a murky
shadow orer the rug on which he was
working.
"Ruga of dreams." he said whimsi
cally as he carefully spread a piece of
canras over the loom. "Dreams of
the fatherland . . . the old farm
on the hillside . . . little Itenea
coming down the lane with the cows
at sunset . . . singing, always
singing."
He poked the coals In the small
store and the kettle began to 1mm
merrily. From the cupboard be took
a half loaf of bread, thickly crusted,
a bowl of cold potatoes and some
dried herring and a wooden plate of
pickled peppers sncb as Katrine used
to prepare before be came to the land
of promise. Then there was hot tea,
strong and bitter, and over his frugal
meal old Nicholas nodded and
dreamed.
It was twelve years since be came
to this melting pot . . . twelve
years since he had bade good-by to
buxom Katrine with her round, rosy
face encircled with a vivid kerchief
. . . twelve years since Ilenea had
sung to lilm all the homely folk songs.
For twelve years he had lived In
this barren room In an old building,
making a living at weaving rugs.
There were two looms and on the one
he had just covered was his rug of
dreams . . . with Its delicately
wofen scenes; cows In a country lane
... an apple tree In bloom . . .
craftsmanship that he had Inherited
down through the generations.
Nicholas had established a market
for his qnalnt rugs. Just today a very
dominant lady, richly dressed, had
come Into bis room and had ordered
three of his oval patterns for her new
country home. When she had turned
to leave she had spied the loom In the
corner on which was the half-flnlahed
dream rug. She raised her lorgnette
and eyed It closely.
"And this?for sale! I'll take It,
too. So qnalntly delightful?and beau
tiful. Those scenes In the bor
der . .
Nicholas shook his gray head, smll
i ing wistfully.
"But It Is not for sale, madame. It
Is the one thing?I have?memories,
yon call them. . . Yes. memories
i of my country ... my family."
"Your family r
i "Yes, madame ... my wife, Ka
trine, ray little fienea, lost to me
when they came to America seven
years ago. My wife died at sea . . .
burled beneath the naves, and my llr
. tie girl was taken by a society In
! New York ... I knew not the
t customs of your country. I had little
I money ... I had sent It all to
I them ... I could not meet them
.... I could not write ... my
little Ilenea, my little songbird, was
taken by kind people, they told me
later, but I bare never found her.
This rug Is like the one 1 wore for
'' her little room under the eaves In the
farmhouse on tfra hill. I cannot sell
It madame . . ."
' Old Nicholas had hardly flnlshed his
sapper when his old friend. Iran, who
had a shoe repair shop In the base
ment around the corner, came. A ten
' der friendship existed between these
' two old waifs In a strange land. There
was seldom an evening that Ivan did
not drop in for an hour beside his
[ friend's stove, smoking . . . sel
* dom talking . . . thinking.
In his band he held the evening pa
per and be spread It out at his friend's
" elbow.
"See, Nicholas, see ... a sing
er, yonng . . . from your country.
' She sings here Thursday night . . .
1 all the folk songs of her conntry
1 . . . tbey call her the Immigrant
1 songbird. We shall go to see her.
Is It not so, Nicholas? Her voice,
ah-fa-b-b, the little singer from yonr
! conntry has a throat of silver. The
* dob ladles will make a prima donna
ont of the little Immigrant girl ...
with a bird voice . . ."
' Nicholas' bands shook as he held
the paper dose to his falling eyes,
strained front long honrs over the rug
' making. Then he clasped It close to
' his bosom.
' "A stranger?from the fatherland."
, he whispered. "Perhaps stye win sing
to me of tbe pastures, the bills and
the sunsets ... of my country.
Ah. yea. we shall go, Ivan ... to
I" "
?ear the Utile linger . . . her
lime again? L-e-n-o-ra Aa-r-on
... I aball remember. Thurs
lay night we shall hear her," and
ben his eyes songht the loom In the
'arther corner. "And I shall take her
t gift . . . the dream rug with
icenea from the conntry?onr Fatber
and?of which she will slog to me.
i will give her a gift for her songs
. . the songs my little Uenea
tang . . ."
With the paper propped before him
m the loom, the eyes of the Immigrant
longblrd smiling Into his as he
rorked, old Nicholas worked long In
o the night, and all the next day. on
he dream rug. At last It was Ba
shed, and on Thursday night, a akep
Ical, amused usher took It from trem
illng old hands and promised to de
Iver It to the young singer, Mile,
karoo.
Iran patted Nicholas on the shoul
ler as they sat huddled together on
:he street car after the concert.
"Ah-h-h, a rolce of silver, the Im
nlgrant songbird . . . she sang
itralgbt Into the hearts of us, is It
lot so, Nicholas?"
Nicholas nodded. "But I could not
see her ... my poor old eyes are
dim . . . tell me again, what does
?he look like?"
Back In the barren room be had
lived In and dreamed In for for so
many years. The qnnlnt rug with the
beautiful border was gone . . .
and through the long hours Nicholas
slept, bis bearded :heek against the '
picture of the Immigrant songbird
from the homeland.
There was a rap at the door. Nich
olas opened bis eyes and stretched his
tired arms. The morning snn was
streaming through the window. He
shuffled to the door and opened It.
For a long moment he stood there
rigid, then stepped back and brushed
a thin hand across his eyes. A radi
ant young girl stood on the threshold,
her hands fluttering nervously at the
furs at her throat.
"Oh!" she whispered. "I?I know
. . . It is?my father!"
Beside her stood the dominant lady
who had ordered the rugs the few
days before . . . the lady who had
wanted the dream rug.
"Your daughter recognired the beau
tiful rug . . . and so did I. 1 am
so glad you did not sell It to me
. . . she has been looking for yon
for years, and she has found you
through your beautiful gift."
Nicholas sat down on the bench be
fore the empty loom and the girl put
her arms about Ids shoulders and
started to croon a song ... a
song she had sung the night before
. . . a song she had sung years be
fore as she came down the lane with
the cows at sunset. Nicholas closed
his eyes, holding fast to both ber
hands.
"My dream rug . . . that made
dreams come true. Little Ilenea com
ing down the lane at sunset . . .
dreams come true. Ah-h-h-h. this
I .and of Promise?America?Is a good
land, Is It not so, little daughter?"
Conception of Virtun
Among ourselves, the people who
are regarded as moral luminaries are
those who forego ordinary pleasure
themselves, and find compensation in
Interfering with the pleasure of others.
There Is an element of the busybody
In our conception of virtue: Unless a
man makes himself a nuisance to a
great many people, we do not think
he ran be an exceptionally good man.
This attitude comes from our notion of
sin. It leads not only to Interference
with freedom, but also to hypocrisy,
since the conventional standard Is too
difficult for most people to live up to.
?Bertrund Russell In the Tinker.
Old Romas Hero
Clndnatus was a Roman legendary
hero, born about MO B. C. He dis
tinguished himself as an opponent of
the pleblans In the struggle with the
patricians, 462-M. He was named
dictator In 43S. He gained a victory
over Aequlnas, who had surrounded
the Roman army, but he gave up the
dictatorship after only 10 days. He
was again appointed to the office to
430 B. C. to oppose the traitor Spa
rine Melius, who was defeated and
slahi.
Popular Adage
The adage about the pot railing the
kettle black Is found in many tongues.
A Spanish adaptation Is: "Said the
jackdaw to the crow: Get away, nig
ger." while In Italy one hears: "The
pan says to the kettle: Get away lest
you stain me." "The shovel scoffs at
the poker." Is the way the Trench
put It. Hindus quote: "The colander
said to the needle: "Get away, you
hare a hole In you.'"
Perssaaent Wave
Frank, age Ave. waa visiting bis
uncle Dan In the country. In the eve
ning be was permitted to go and watch
the milking operations. He climbed
the fence and looked long and critical
ly at a large bull whose big hfad was
covered with wavy, curly hair. Then
be called: "Uncle Dan, this tig cow
baa got a dandy permanent wave."
foreign Bite
of China %
Unloading Soy Bean Cake at Oairen.
Irrrparra oj ine 7t?(iooai <jrw?i?iru? .
Society. Washington. D. C) 1
THE plan of Great Britain to re
turn to China the territory of
Wei-halwei which she bat had
under lease since 1S&S, and
the Insistence by China that other spe
cial piiriliges to foreign nations he
abrogated, turns attention atiew to the
foreign patches maintained in China.
These regions, which have actually
been transferred, either by lease or
cession, are not to he confused with
the so-called "spheres of Influence,"
which are more or less indellnite and
many of which are not recognized by
the Chinese.
What once threatened to be the
great International "sport" of annex
ing parts of China began with the ar
rival of the flrst Europeans in the Far
Fast. Those who blazed the trail
around Africa, across the stormy In
dian ocean, and up the east coast of
Asia to rich Cathay, were the Portu
guese. For half a century they came
and went In their trading shl|>a. but by
1577 they felt the need of a station
to facilitate their commerce, and set
tled at Macao on the southern coast
of China. A region of about four
square miles was set aside for them
partly as a reward tor assistance In |
breaking np piracy in the nearby wa
tors, and has been claimed by Portu
gal ever since. Formal transfer of
this tiny fragment of China was made
by the Chinese government In 1SS7.
English Obtained Hong Keng.
More than two and a half centuries
passed after the founding of Macao
before China was again calleO upon
In the name of commerce to give away
more of her territory. By that time
all the commercial nations of Europe
and the Cnlted States as well, were
engaged In the remunerative China
trade. Friction arose in I tie early part
of the Nineteenth century between
British traders and the Chinese, and
after a war in whl.-h Great Britain
was victorious. China, as a part of her
Indemnity, In 1S42 gave Great Britain
the Island of Hong Kong, a few mllea
from Macao. This Island with an
area of 32 square mllea and one of
the best harbors In the world was
actually ceded and became a port of
the British empire, lo 1SG0 Great
Britain leased three square miles of
territory on the mainland opposite
Hong Kong and shortly afterward this,
too. was ceded.
This Island became the show colony
of Crept Britain lo the Orient. It is
a world port where celebrities anu
foreign war craft arrive so frequently
that the din of official salutes la al
most constantly echoing from the gran
ite peaks.
uriM oy uiner ninc"i.
After Great Britain acquired Hon;
Kong Inland and the patch of mainland
there win a lull In the Making out of
claims by foreign nations to Chinese
territory. What may l>e called China's
period of "Intensive land losses" be
gan in 18B5 and extended to 1BUU.
with Ore nations participating. At
the conclusion of the Japanese-Chi
nese war In 19U5. Japan not only ob
tained Korea, over which China
claimed a protectorate, but also the
large Island of Formosa with an area
of nearly 14.UKJ square miles, off the
central Chinese const.
From that time on the political pot
boiled furiously among the nations
wishing to follow in Japan's footsteps,
and at one time the world was In
formed of 3 new lease of Chinese Mr
ntory nearly every rocctn. uermaoy
trie.] to lease Kiaocbow bay on tbe
roast of Shantnng In 19BG, bot China
refused her offer. In November. ISStf.
Germany seized tbe bay ostensibly be
es lire two German missionaries bad
been killed In Shan tan- In Decem
ber the Russian Asiatic fleet steamed
into I'ort Arthur. SOU miles north of
Kiaocbow. and announcement was
made that It would winter there. In
March, lrfs. Germany obtained a XV
year lease of approximately 100 stjoare
miles on the shores of tbe bay which
she had seized: and the same month
Russia obtained a 25-year leaae to
Port Arthur and a part of the Liao
tuo; peninsula, with the right to ex
tend the lease
Only a few weeks after the lenses
had l>een granted to Germany and
Russia. Great Britain obtained a lease
on the shores and Uay of Wei-hai-wei.
almost equidistant between Port Ar
thur and Kiaocliow. This British
lease was not for a definite number of
years hat provided that It was to ran
for the period during which Russia
should hold Port Arthur, later tn
April France entered the com petition
sod took a QO-year lease oa tbe Bay
of Kwang Chow and approximately
23 square miles of territory on tbe
mainland.
In June Crest Britain increased her
holdings at Hong Kong by leasing for
DO years 336 square miles of addition
al territory ou tbe mainland and ad
ditional islands aggregating 2U square
miles In area. In November. 190Q.
France added to her lease at Kwang
Chow a group of Islands dominating
the hay. Finally in 1300 came one of
the most ambitious steps of all in the
acquisition of territory?the occupa
tion of Manchuria by Russia. This
brought on the Russo-Japanese war
after which both Russia and Japaa
removed their troops from Manchuria
which reverted to China but with the
provision that Japan should have cer
tain economic concessions.
Changes Sines World War.
There has been a greater mortality
In the recently acquired foreign
patches In China than In tbe earlier
ones When Manchuria reverted to
China, Japan succeeded to Russia's
claims to Port Arthur and the Llao
lung peninsula, and obtained an ex
tension of the lease to 90 years. Tbe
other territories remained with an un
changed status until the World war.
Soon after the outbreak of hostilities
Japan stormed and took the German
leased territory of Klaochow In Shan
tung.
The Klaochow lease to Germany
covered aa area along the coast rough
ly ten or twelve mile* In diameter, la
addition there was a centralized rone
33 miles wide shirting the entire Bay
of Klaochow. On the leased plot Ger
mans had bnilt a typical German town,
Tslngtao. The agreement had Includ
ed concessions to bniid railways out
side the leased and neutral areas. In
Shantung proper; and coupled with
the railroad concessions wss the right
to exploit mines.
As a result of the adjustments since
the World war. there are only Sva
patches of China now formally gov
erned by foreign nations. Three of
these, I'ortognese Macao, British Bung
Kong, and Japanese Formosa, are
owned outright by the governing na
tions Of the long time leases, only
Port Arthur and Kwang Chow remain.
The former la under the cootrd of
Japan, the latter of France.