North Carolina Newspapers

The Alamance Gleaner 1 VOL. LVI. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY MAY 1, 1930. ~~ Nail 1?Judge Thomas D. Timelier of New York taking tlie oath as solicitor general of the United States. 2?Dr. Heinrlch Breuning, leader of the Centrist party, who is now chancellor of the German republic. 3?New library of Lehigh university, Bethlehem, Pa., costing $000,000, which has just been dedicated and opened. NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENTEVENTS Mr. Stimson Returning With Naval Treaty?Fight on It Due in Senate. By EQWARD W. PICKARD SECRETARY OF STATE STIMSON and his colleagues in the London naval conference sailed for the United States Wednesday bringing with them a certified copy of the naval treaty which the senate will soon be asked to accept or reject. The treaty was signed on Tuesday by the represent atives of the five powers concerned, the ceremony taking place at the final plenary session of the conference in the Queen Anne drawing "room of St. James' palace. Prime Minister Mac Donald, Mr. Stimson, Arlstide Briand, Rejiro Wakasuki and Admiral Sori annl all spoke at some length and then affixed their signatures to the momentous document. The confer ence then was adjourned, with the way left open for its resumption when and if France and Italy can be brought into the full treaty by diplo matic negotiations. ^ Though the results of the three months of work in London fell far short of the hopes of those who spon sored the parley, they are by no means small. The treaty, though signed by all five powers, is in the main a three power pact between the United States, Great Britain and Japan by which those nations agree to limit the ton nage of all classes of fighting ships. America is to scrap three battleships, England five, and Japan one. The sections of the treaty adhered to by France and Italy provide for a five year holiday in battleship building, prescribe rules of submarine warfare and relate to less important phases of disarmament. The compromise reached between the French global and the British and American categorical methods of limiting tonnage was omit ted from the document but will be transmitted to the League of Nations for use by Its preparatory committee on disarmament. Tlint the treaty would not have an easy time getting through the senate was assured when the plans of Sen ator Hale of Maine, chulrman of the naval afTairs committee, became known. He is leading the opposition and In his first attack on the pact will charge that Its ratification will not give the United States parity in naval ships with Great Britain dur ing the life of the pact. He also will attack the treaty on the ground that Its provisions allowing Japan an In crease in cruiser, submarine, and de stroyer ratio will weaken the Ameri can naval position In the Far East and lower this country's prestige In the Orient. It was said Mr. Hale found many admirals of the navy were hostile to the treaty mainly because of limita tions placed on American building of 8-lnch gun cruisers and the Increase In the Japanese ratios. Senator Borah, chairman of the foreign relations com mittee, and Senators Heed i>f Penn sylvania and Itoblnson of Arkansas, are expected to lead the fight In be half of ratification of the fact. REBUTTAL evidence by the wets was heard by the house Judiciary committee, the principal witnesses be ing Pierre S. du Pont, millionaire chem ical and munitions manufacturer; MaJ. Gen. Clarence II. Edwards, comman der of the Twenty-sixth division. A. E. P.; Miss Elizabeth Harris, repre senting the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform, and Dr. Clarence F. Buck, secretary of the Federal Dispensary-Tax Reduction league. Mr. du Pont presented argu ments and statements designed to re fute the claims of the drys that the country's prosperity in recent years has been due mainly or in any marked degree to prohibition BEFORE another committee, that of the senate on lobbying, the liquor issue also was dominant. Henry H. Curran, president of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, had been summoned to tell of the ac tivities of the officials of that organi zation, and he proved a very lively witness. In his first day's testimony he predicted the development of a new national party made up of the wet elements of both the Republican and Democratic parties, the platform for which already has been written by Dr. Samuel II. Church, president of the Carnegie Institute of Technology. He said Pierre du Pont has indorsed the proposal and has said the new party will be successful. As for lobbying, Mr. Curran freely admitted his asso ciation took part in the campaigns in Wisconsin and Illinois for repeal of the state liquor laws, but said he didn't see what that had to do with "lobbying in and around Washington," which is the subject of the commit tee's inquiry and of which he declared the association had not been guilty. ' Next day Senator Robinson of Indi ana came to bat with sensational charges that Curran's association had "lobbied with members of the United States Supreme Court." He produced letters written by T. W. Phillips, Jr., Republican gubernatorial aspirant in Pennsylvania and a director of the association, to Justice Stone and the late Justice Sanford, and denounced them as "the most amazing thing I ever heard of." Three hundred delegates represent ing the hundred thousand members of the Women's Organization for Nation al Prohibition Reform held a confer ence in Cleveland, Ohio. A platform calling for repeal of the Eighteenth amendment was adopted, and Mrs. Charles Sabln of New York, founder of the organization, wag elected its first president. DOSTAL substation leases are about * to be Investigated by a special sen ate committee, nnd at least one of them already Is being probed by the federal trade commission. It Is pre dicted that the Inquiries will turn up a scandal rivaling the Teapot Dome affair. Itumors Involve the names of high post office und other government officials In an alleged conspiracy that is said to have mulcted the govern ment of millions of dollars and taken the life savings of thousands of In nocent Investors throughout the coun try. NOMINATION of Judge Parker of North Carolina to he an associ ate Justice of the Supreme court was rejected by the senate Judiciary com mittee, and the matter goes to the door of the senate. The vote to re port adversely on the nomination was 10 to 0. The negro Issue caused the defection of three administration Re publicans and the opposition of organ ized labor accounted for the votes of the radicals on the committee. THREE hundred and eighteen In mates of the Ohio state penitenti ary at Columbus lost their lives In one of the worst holocausts of recent years, and the pity of It Is that not one of them need have died If the cell tiers had been unlocked promptly. At least, that Is the statement of A. E. Nice, fire chief of Columbus. Where the blame Is to be placed will be de termined by an official Inquiry. The fire started, apparently, from a abort circuited wire and spread with great rapidity, and most of the vic tims perished In locked cells. The other prisoners, numbering many hun dreds, being treed, helped the flremeo and guards In rescue work and some of them performed notable acts of heroism. Warden P. E. Thomas said at the investigation of the disaster that he did not provide general fire protectionist the prison because the Columbus fire companies could reach there in two minutes, and that he did not go inside the walls to the scene of the fire because he had given or ders and expected them to be carried out. The penitentiary, like most oth ers in the country, was terribly over crowded ; in addition, the buildings were poorly constructed and not fire proofed. COLONEL LINDBERGH, accompa nied by ills wife, put himself on the front page again by a record breaking flight from Los Angeles to New York in his new Lockheed Sirlus low wing monoplane. With one stop at Wichita for refueling, the Lindys made the trip in 14 hours, 45 minutes and 32 seconds. The flight was unique in that it was made at altitudes rang ing from 14,000 to 15,500 feet, the col onel's idea being to demonstrate that express and passenger plane service can be greatly speeded up If the planes fly in the higher reaches where the air is thinner and the resistance less. Mrs. Lindbergh shared the honors with her husband, for she acted as naviga tor throughout the flight and at times handled the controls. AMONG the victims of airplane ac cidents were two noted men. Count Henri de la Vaulx of Paris, president of the International Aero nautical federation, and three com panions were electrocuted at Jersey City when their plane ran Into a pow er cable In a fog. MaJ. Lionel M. Woolson, army air reserve, chief aero nautical engineer of the Packard Mo tor company and Inventor of the Pack ard Diesel aircraft engine, and two companions were killed near Attlcn when their Diesel motored plane crashed Into a hillside during a blind ing snowstorm. They were taking the plane to New York for exhibition In the aircraft show. Major Woolson de signed the motor used by Commander Rogers In his flight to Honolulu, the X-type motor for Lieut. A1 Williams' racing plane two years ago and the engines of the navy dirigible Shenan doah. ?? WITH Gates W. McGarrah of New York as president, Leon I'rarer as deputy president nnd Pierre Ques nay as general manager, the hank for International settlements at Basel, Switzerland, was fully organized and ready for work. The directorate de cided that the issue of shares of stock of the bank should take place 011 the eighth day after ratification of the Y'oung plan by Great Britain nnd Italy. On that day the new scheme of han dling German reparations becomes offi cially operative. The dlrectori decid ed to enter Into trust agreements with Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia to handle the collection of their reparations. Mr. McGarrah was em powered to open banking accounts whenever he pleases If the local and central banks-do not object. REVOLT of the Nationalists of In dia against British rule Is becom ing more serious dally, and has passed beyond the "passive resistance" advo cated by MahatDIa Gandhi. There have been bloody riots in various quarters, and at Chlttagong the Insur gents raided the arsenal. The author ities now are making free use of the military forces and many natives have been killed as well as some soldiers. The revolt has spread over the entire Indian peninsula, outbreaks being re ported In Karachi, on the Arabian sea; Chlttagong. near Burma; Bora bay, a thousand miles southwest; Cal cutta and Madras, and late last week at Peshswar, on the northwest fron tier. lb ills. Wsstsra Nswssspsr Colon.) ij HOW | | V MARJORY "? n | t TRAINED ffj \ MOTHER I i] ? x ii . (? br D. J. Walsh.) MARJORY VANE lagged home reluctantly from the den tist'*. She bad gone there much too early for ber ap pointment because there was a certain quiet corner and a pile of magnzlnes available. Even when the drill was busy with her tooth she continued to recall a story she had just read. It was about a girl who had a wonder ful mother. Mrs. Vane glanced up as her daugh ter entered. She sat curled upon the davenport embroidering a motif on white Unesi. Mrs. Vnne was always embroidering, for her eyesight was perfect Besides, she had beautiful hands. "See what a lot I've done to Gen evieve's dress I" she began. "1 can Just fancy how sweet she will look In It." Genevieve was the daughter of Marjory's older sister, the married Lucia. Lncla was a replica of Mrs. Vane and Genevieve was a replica of Lucia. In her daughter and grand daughter Mra Vane saw herself re peated with flattering effect It mny be added that she never bestowed any of her handiwork upon Marjory. "I suppose." Marjory said. "I may as well prepare lunch. Have you any plans for It mother?" Mrs. Vane thoughtfully rubbed her nose with her gold thimble. "There's a can of salmon." she said. "I don't know what else. Get what ever you And. I'm not hungry. Be sides, I want to finish this leaf while I'm at It." For the next/ fifteen minute* Mar jory worked rather desperately to evolve a tasty meal out of the ma terials at hand. As usual, her mother had forgotten to hang out the Ice' card and the refrigerator was empty. A few flies -were rampant In the din ing room and must be subdued. The tablecloth was soiled. Marjory longed to change It. but the laundry hill was big enough as It was. There were crumbs under the table and some flowers had dropped their petals on the buffet. At Marjoqy's Invitation Mrs. Vane strolled out casually. She was a plump, smooth, hlond woman In blue. Marjory was a thin, quiet dark young girl it. tan. "Did Miss Baker call up while 1 was gone?" Marjory asked, passing the salad to her mother. "No." Mrs. Vane helped herself bountifully. "You've made It look quite tempting, dear. Can't he she means to ask you." "No." Marjory looked Into the dis tance. "I wns?pretty sure she wouldn't But I hoped?" "It doesn't matter, of course," Mrs. Vane said comfortably. Marjory crumbled her bread absent ly. It did matter, perilously to her, j that Miss Barker had not asked her along with the other girls. Julia and Frances and Elizabeth. Why?why had she not? Wbat had she done that nice girls like Julia and Frances shunned her, that lovely women like Miss Barker did not ask her to their homes? Suddenly she remembered the story she had read. The heroine's mother, like Frances,' like Eliza bebth's and the homes of these girls. She compared Julia's dining room with this, Elizabeth's living room with the room beyond the Japaneso portieres. Yet what had these things to do with herself? If only she knew! "YouFre not crying over It, 1 hope! A little thing like that," Mrs. Vane said. "Your face will look pretty for the club meeting this afternoon." "I'm not going to the club. It's only a makeshift. I'm going to stay home and"?think things out. was wbat she could bave added. Mrs. Vane shrugged her plump shoulders. "Suit yourself," she re marked. dryly. After her mother bad dressed and gone to play bridge for tbe whole aft ernoon Marjory washed the dishes and put the small apartment In order. Then she sat down on the daven port. set ber square chin In her palms and proceeded to think things out. They bad money enough, ahe and her mother?father had seen to that by leaving them a large life Insur ance. She herself was not silly or self ish or Doystruck. Yet at the school she attended she was not popular. A few times she had felt that a marve lous friendship was dawning In her life, but the glri would come once to the apartment?and that would end It Elizabeth Craven'a mother had caHed and nothing bad come of It. Once Marjory bad asked a girl to lunch; ncr mother hud ordered the lunch. Afterword Marjory teamed that the girl uhhorred potato salad. I It tvas true they did not live In a nice way. Mrs. Vane, embroidered and played bridge. Once a week a woman came In and cleaned up. They culled their food as Ihey could. Mother was not Interested In books or magazines. Marjory wanted a radio hut her moth er disliked noise. I.uelit lived Just as mother did and Horace did no; stay at home much. "If ever I marry I shall do very different will) my husbnnd," Marjory thought. Trie back door opened and she went to see who wus there. It was Mrs. Llllle ready for nn afternoon's work. "Your ma said 'I could come this afternoon Instead of tomorrow," Mrs. l.lllie said. She wus a tiny, old woman made of steel and whalebone, durable, efficient, tireless. At least Marjory bad thought her so until this Instant. Now she realized that in Mrs. Utile's calm face wus perhaps what she was seeking. "Have you got daughters, Mrs. Ut ile?" she usked. "Two. Both married." Mrs. Ullle was in the closet after the mop. "They married well. I suppose?" "Well enough to suit tne. 1'oor men ?but my girls can make a penny go n long way. I live with Maggie. She don't wunt me to work but 1 like lo work. Work never hurt nobody. Now tnke your inn. my dear. As I've told her many n time she wouldn't be near so fat and soggy If she stirred round a little more." "Mrs. Ullle," Marjory clusped her hands, "our system of living Is aw ful. Isn't It?" "System!" Mrs. Llllle looked at the girl. "Why. you haven't got any sys tem," she said. "You live from hand to-mouth. And that Isn't living." "No, I know It Isn't Could II be, Mrs. Ullle. that I am not liked hy other girls because my home Isn't like theirs?" "Well, I always tried to make home pleasant for my girls when they were young and wanted young company." Mrs. Llllle said. "1 guess It's pretty generally donft hy mothers every where. I know Mrs. Craven?1 work for her?" "Elizabeth's mother!" "Yes, her." Mrs. Utile nodded. "She's the nicest housekee|>er and the finest woman on my list. And Miss Barker?She's giving a party this eve ning. I'm going to help her. She's an other splendid ftome-innker. It's too bad. Miss Marjory, that your ma don't take more Interest In her profession ?housekeeping, 1 mean. But what's the matter with you taking a hand yourself?" "I will," Marjory cried earnestly. "Oh. Mrs. Ulllel Will you tench me how to make a plain cnke und bis cuit and cook n roast?" Dinner that night was a success. The apartment was spotless, Marjory was tired but beaming. "You like this better than what we're been doing, don't you, mother?" she said. Of course Mrs. Vane did. From that moment Marjory began a serious task?that of training her mother. For mother must he tridned If they were to have any life nt all. "I suppose," Mr*. Vane sighed, "I'll get no pence until I've tidied up my room. Marjory, you're a perfect slave driver I" But the room was put to rights. One evening Marjory, at last sure ol herself, gave a little party. She asked all the girls and their mothers and they all came. The npartment was pretty. Mother wore simple black, Marjory white. Mrs. I.lllle was In the kitchen. There wns a delicious while cake and fruit Ice. "You see." Marjory explained. "I've changed tactics In school. I am going to take a course In domestic science. And mother"?she looked around with triumph In her eye* and a quiver on her lips?"mother Is going to fake It with me." She laid her band on Mrs. Vane's. "Why, that Is splendid!" cried Mrs. Craven. "Yes," Mrs. Vane nodded compla cently. "I am becoming so stout that I find 1 must take more exercise and watch my diet Besides," she added earnestly, "I think It Is a fine thing for mother and daughter to be Inter ested In the same thing. And so I tell Marjory." Atmospheres of Planets Observations of Venus have led to the conclusion that its atmosphere Is more dense than ours. A thlp atmos phere envelops Mars, but It Is neither so extensive nor so dense as our own. There are unmistakable Indications of a dense and very extended atmos phere encircling Jupiter. That of Saturn resembles the atmosphere of Jupiter. The atmosphere of Mercury Is inappreciable. Was New to Columbus Columbus' records of his visit to Haiti include mention of a "nightin gale" which sang by day and by night, and whlcb was probably a mocking bird. QffiSUMSf ^ ? , r An Early Stage in 8ubway Construction, New York City. irrrpareu oy ina national *?eoijrapnic Society. Washington. O. C.) THE cities of the world that pos sess underground street rail ways?11 Id nil?are about to have a recruit In Stockholm. This capital and metropolis of Swe den with its 460,000 inhabitants is ne gotiating for the construction of a comprehensive subway system to cost many millions of dollars. This decision of Stockholm to place | street railways under the earth's sur face comes soon after the newest and one of the most ambitious of the world's subway stations has been opened under Piccadilly Circus, the center of London's activity and the place of her greatest traffic conges tion. The two events recall the brief period during which the present ex tensive underground railway systems in great cities have developed. It seem! strange that man. who de serted his caves scores of thousands of years ago and who has lieen busy since subduing the earth's surface and even invading its ulr, should turn back and begin burrowing beneath ground. It seems strangest of ail that he should delve below the surface for rapid, mass travel, a thing that he probably never dreamed of in Ids most Imaginative moments until perhaps a century ago. Underground rapid transit Is the result of the tremendous growth of certain cities. It was only where pop ulation Increased to such an exteut that surface streets became choked with myriads of |>eople seeking co move about that the idea of travel be neath the surface could ever seem de sirable. And It was only after the in vention of the railway that the Idea became feasible. Just as the cross-country railway developed from the stagecoach, so the highly organized and heavily capital ized s' hway systems of today grew from the omnibus, the stagecoach of tlie city. In New York, n city stage line was started in 1S3?J to operate north on Broadway from Bowling Oreen; and within two years the world's first street railway?its cars drawn by hones?was horn In tlie same city. It was a line along Fourth avenue from near the present site of city hall to near the present location of Grand Central station. The Idea spread In the United States but Ku rope was slow to follow. Paris es tablished ? horse-car line in 1856; but it was not until 1 SGI that Ixmdon had Its first "passenger tram." in London and New York. I.ondoners did not take kindly to street railway!; they objected to the rails which Interfered with other truf fle. It was becai*e of this feeling that railways In cities should be out of the way that the first steps were tuken In London toward underground rapid transit. The earliest line, con structor before 1870, was not all un derground. Much of it was in open nit. and only part In tunnels. The trains were operated by steam en gines. and the tunnels were so smoky and III ventilated that the system was not a success. In the meantime New York, faced with a growing congestion of street traffic, and a lengthening city, was'ex perimenting with a new solution, the elevated rail.oad. The first was built in 1868 and by 1787 there were four elevated structures on which steam trains were operated. Placing fast moving city trains above the street level proved the best solution while steam was the only motive power, and thj system was adopted In Chicago, Berlin and Liverpool. London, then the world's greatest city, continued to look underground for the solution of the rapid transit problem. After cable cars first came Into use In San Francisco in 1873 and spread to other cities, the Idea was conceived of operating cable cart In tnnnels in London. In 1886 the world's urai an lunnei suriway was sianra in London; by the I me It was complete!! in 1SOO the electric locomotive had been [lerfected and the new under ground railway was pat Into opera tion with this newest draft agency. Glasgow. Scotland, and Berlin. Ger many, opened subway railroads a boat the same time. Budapest. Hungary, was nest to Join the ranks of subway cities. Boston was the first American city to begin work on subway. It' was opened in 180& In 1?JU tli? Paris "Metro" began its underground career, and In the same year .New York started on its first underground rail way. The lirst train rolled through the New York subway in I9W. sod the w'ork of extending the system has been under way almost cootinuaily since. I'hiladelphia first Joined the cities having underground rapid tran sit systems In BJUK. Since then the roster has been added to only by Madrid. Buenos Aires, and Tokya The subways in Madrid and Buenos Aires nre only a "few miles In length, but the Tokyo system Is fairly extensive. Big Population Needed. The fact that heavy population Is essential to the success of subways Is demonstrated by a glance at the roster of "subway cities." Of the world's 111 greatest cities, all but Chi cago. Osaku and Moscow have sub ways, and In the missing three the construction of underground railways Is !>eing given serious consideration. Of die smaller cities having subways, Budapest. Glasgow. Madrid and Bos ton. die two first named have more than a million population; while the recorded population of Boston, apply ing to a restricted area, does not In dicate the magnitude of the crowds dally defiendeu! on the city's rapid transit facilities. The Madrid ondee ground system is of limited extent. Of the sub-surface city railway sys lems. those of New York and Loo don. the two cities which vie for the title of world metropolis, far surpas all others In extent. Yet in plan and I o|>eradon these two great metropoU I tan systems nre In some ways strik ingly different. Ion don was the pi oneer and some of her early construc tion was foond later to lead to marked inconvenience and expense. Thus her earliest "tube" tunnels were cons tructed at great depths, making It recessary to supply batteries of ele vators nod escalators at the stations. New York took up subway construc tion late, hut profited by the experi ments of those earlier lo the field. She adopted the Budapest plan of placing the tunnels as close as possible to the surface so that elevators w.ut.l be unnecessary. Another radical departure from the older methods, adopted in New York, was characteristically American. This was the virtual building of two sub ways In one. by the provision of four tracks, two devoted to express and two to local service. New York has more than 300 miles of subway track and this will be ma terially Increased when the new la dependent subway system is placed In commission. In both London sad Paris the underground trackage to close lo 200 miles. In Chicago tbo construction of a passenger subway has been discussed for many yean but at present only surface and ele vated lines are In use. Chicago bas a possible nucleus for a subway sye tem la Its almost unique freight tun nel system. Under the streets of tbo business section of tbe city exists a gridiron of 90 miles of tunnel, six feet wide snd seven and a half feet deep. On two-foot tracks in theaa small tunnels a busy railway traffic is carried on every day while few Chl cagoans are aware of its existence. By the system freight Is delivered to i -the basements of stores, and tboa i sands of too* of ashea and refuse are removed annually.