The Alamance Gleaner
VOL. LVI. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY AUGUST 28, 1930. NO. 30.
1?Miss Edith Edna Ke!l of Pittsburgh being crowned Queen Oceana XXII to reign over the baby parade and
carnival at Wildwood, N. J. 2?Some of the forty Acadlans from Louisiana who were received by President Hoover
on their way to Nova Scotia to celebrate the anniversary of the deportation of their forbears 175 years ago.
8?Richard Bedford Bennett, Conservative leader, who has become premier of Canada.
NEWS REVIEW OF
CURRENTEVENTS
American Bar Association
Upholds Referendum on .
the 18th Amendment.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
PROHIBITION laws and their en
forcement were to the fore at the
opening session of,the fifty-third an
nual meeting of the American Bar as
sociation in Chicago. George W. Wick
ersham, chairman of the President's
enforcement commission, was the chief
speaker of the day, and naturally he
spoke mainly on that topic; but what
he said would give small consolation
to the dripping wets of the country.
"Good citizenship," said Mr. Wickef
sham, "must acquiesce in the law as
It Is, for the time being. A society
which has adopted the inventions and
applied science of the last quarter of
a century and has taken into its midst
millions of aliens from every country
in the world, must resort to legisla
tion in order to regulate its life, pre
serve order, and, so far as possible,
suppress acts and habits injurious to
Its welfare.
"That the individual and minority
groups must accept and abide by the
restraints so imposed is obvious. Oth
erwise lawful government breaks down
and we have anarchy. The remedy of
those who object Is to appeal to the
same authority as that wiiich enacts,
for rescission or modification. There
can be no individual right to elect
what laws one will or will not obey."
The commission, said its chairman,
had opposed the Jones law and the
Dyer act, believing "that a speedy
prosecution of minor offenses and the
Imposition of penalties having some
relation to the character of the offense
would be more likely to induce respect
for law than the creation of penalties
so disproportioned to the gravity of
the offense as to Induce resentment
In reasonable minds."
MORE exciting than any speeches
was the battle over an attempt
by some of the members of the asso
ciation to halt the referendum vote on
the Eighteenth amendment. Secretary
W. P. MacCraeken, Jr., reported that
the executive committee bad rejected
a petition to recall the postcards sent
out for this vote. Judge James F.
Ailshle of Idaho offered a resolution
that the submitting of the question
was not in accord with the objects
and purpose of the association and
contrary to its constitution and by
laws, after the committee's report had
been accepted. President Henry U.
Sims sustained a point of order that
the right of the executive committee
to take such action was specifically
granted in the constitution and ruled
that the action of the committee could
not be recalled by the delegates. An
appeal from this decision was voted
down by a majority of about fifty to
one.
The convention also upheld the ex
ecutive committee In rejecting the re
port of the American citizenship com
mittee which contained a bitter attack
of the federal farm board, declaring
Its appointment was the first stop to
ward state socialism and that this ef
fort to aid the farmers was fore
doomed to failure. The section on
criminal law and criminology also re
fused to adopt a report on "lawless
enforcement of law" and ordered the
i committee to continue work for anoth
er year.
In his opening address President
81ms asserted that constitutional lib
erty in this country Is in no danger
whatever, "and that the visions of so
cial strife supposed to be impending 1
are but plantasmagoria of morbid 1
brains." I
The sessions of the association
were attended by a number of distin
guished lawyers and jurists from for- I
eign countries, and many American <
notables were among the 2,000 dele- j
gates. i
GENEROUS rains fell over much
of the corn and wheat belts, but
they were too late to save the crops
from at least partial ruin, and the i
plans of the government and the
states for relief of the farmers in the
drought areas were not halted. Pres
ident Hoover appointed a federal re
lief committee, headed by Secretary
of Agriculture Hyde and including
Chairmen Alexander I<egge of the fed
eral farm board; Paul Bestor, chair
man of the federal farm loan board;
Roy Young, chairman of the federal
reserve board; John Barton Payne,
chairman of the American Red Cross ;
Under-secretary of the Treasury Og
den Mills; Henry M. Robinson, presi
dent of the First National bank of
Los Angeles, and R. H. Aishton of
J Evanston, 111., president of the Ameri
! can Railway association.
Governors of the various states re
ported to Washington that they were
moving rapidly in the creation of their
organizations.
FIRST action of the federal com
mittee was to lay plans for finan
cial relief with the federal Intermedi
ate credit bank system as the princi
pal unit. The plans called, first, for
the creation of state and local credit
corporations by bankers and business
men through which farmers may ob
tain seed and feed loans. The corpor
ations will sign the notes over to the
credit banks, which wW advance the
capital obtained from the flotation of
debentures on the Investment market
Secretary Hyde estimated roughly
that a maximum of $20,000,000 will be
required of the credit banks, what
ever more Is needed coming from pri
vate sources.
Mr. Hyde announced that the De
partment of Agriculture will make
available for seed loans approximate
ly $800,000 remaining from a $0,000,
000 appropriation provided by con
gress. The use of this money, bow
ever, Is limited to specified areas and
will be distrlbnted largely In Indiana,
Ohio, Virginia, Missouri and Montana.
John Barton Payne, chairman of the
American Red Cross, said that his or
ganization has $5,000,000 available for
emergency work and does not contem
plate an appeal to the pnbllc, at least
nntll the fund is exhausted.
In order to rurnlsh employment for
farmers without livelihood as a result
of the drought, the Department of Ag
riculture has made Immediately avail
able to the states $121,857,000 In fed
eral aid road funds which ordinarily
would not have been apportioned until
January 1. This action was taken at
the urgent request of President
Hoover.
The federal farm board announced
the extension of $5,000,000 credit to
the Inter-Mountain Live Stock Grow
ers' association, which will facilitate
the shipping of live stock to pastures.
VAN LEAR BLACK, wealthy pub
lisher of the Baltimore Sun and
Evening Sun, was drowned at sea in
the night, having evidently fallen from
his yacht Sabalo when It was steam
ing outside the outer New York har
bor on the way to his summer home
on the Chesapeake. When It was dis
covered he was missing from the boat,
the alarm was sent out and for two
days vessels and airplanes and the
navy dirigible Los Angeles searched
for him. but In vain.
Mr. Black, who was fifty five years
old, was an enthusiastic aviator, and
In 1927 began a series of flights that
:ook him around the world, all over
Europe, to the Dutch East Indies and
:o South America.
Other notables taken by death were
rhomus B. Slick of Oklahoma City,
known as the richest independent oil
operator in the world ; and Louis Bour
geois of Chicago, noted architect and
sculptor.
INTEREST in aviation centered In
Chicago, where the national air
races opened and toward which men
and women contestants in the air der
bies were racing from various parts
of the country. Nearly every promi
nent American aviator was there, and
so were some of the best flyers of Eu
rope. A varied program of speed con
tests, stunt flying, and other ex
hibitions was offered * the Immense
throng of spectators that flocked to
Chicago from all parts of the Union.
DALE J A OK SON and Forest
O'Brine, St. Louis endurance fly
ers, didn't stay in the air for a thou
sand hours, as they threatened, but
descended when they had established
the new mark of 047 hours 28 minutes
and .'10 seconds. Their motor devel
oped trouble, forcing them to alight.
UNITED Spanish War Veterans held
their thirty-second annual en
campment in Philadelphia and had a
fine time fighting over again the bat
tles in Cuba. The feature of the af
fair was the parade on "preparedness
day." Edward S. Matthias, former ;
judge of the Ohio Supreme court, was \
elected national commander, and New !
Orleans was awarded next year's en- j
campment.
n nfomrvT T*AAi*rn i
ijuc.oiuc<^i nv/VTbiv nas ucihicu
* to go to Boston on October G to
deliver an address before the Ameri
can Legion. * He will then take a spe
cial train for the South and speak
again next day at the celebration of
the one hundred and fiftieth anniver
sary of the Battle of Kings Mountain.
Though his vacation plans are still un
settled, it may be that he will take a
trip in October either to Mexico or
on the Caribbean. Among the tasks
now on his hands are the selection of
the five members of the tariff com
mission and the completion of the
1932 budget.
CHINESE press dispatches reported
the slaughter of 4,000 Communists
by provincial tr?>opg in western Ki
angsi province and the capture of
2,000 rifles. The Communists, how
ever, gained possession of Wusueh in
Hupeh province, an important Yangtze
river port 23 mile* above Kiukiang.
The terrified inhabitants of the town
abandoned their property and fled.
IF GERMANY asks the League of
Nations next month for revision of
the Versailles treaty in regard to Ger
many's frontier, France will put up a
strenuous opposition. Ilerr Treviranus,
German minister for the occupied re
gions, recently made this demand in a
speech,' and soon thereafter the Ger
man ambassador to Paris hustled back
to Berlin to warn his government that
tlie Stresemann policy of conciliation
was !>eing Jeopardized.
It is reported that the French for
eign office bluntly told the German
envoy that France does not regard as
acceptable proposals for reUsion of
the Polish corridor. At the same time
France is urging Poland to atanndon
her belligerent attitude and to drop
the tariffs In force along the borders
of the corridor, preventing free pas
sage between Prussia and the rest of
Germany.
The name of Frank B. Kellogg, for
mer secretary of state, was presented
to the League of Nations by the
American group as candidate for jus
tice of the World court.
???? W??ar* I'slAit 1
ty[ht toWork
Ouum the roads they have gathered, a hundred thousand
men, ?#.
To ask. for a hold on li/e as sure as the wolf in his den.
Their need lies close to the quick. ?f bfe 05 the earth lies
close to the stone; fi
ll is as meat to the slender rib, as marrow to the bone.
They ask. hut leave to labor for the taste of life's delight,
For a little salt to savor their bread, for houses watertight.
They as\ but the right to labor and to live by the strength
of their hands,
They who have bodies like Jpiotted oaks and patience like ^
the sea sands.
And the right of a man to labor, and his right to labor
in joy,
>Jot all your laws can strangle that right nor the gates
of hell destroy,
For it came with the making of man and was kneaded
into his bones, i
And it will stand at the last of things on the dust of
crumbled thrones.
^ on) ^
_
LABOR FACING SOLEMN DUTY
Br MATTHEW WOLL. Vic Pddm Afefefafe F.feetic * Ubor.
Again Labor day comes to os?and all too many of as will go oui to have
a good time and let It go at that The good time should be had; that Is one
of the purposes of a holiday. But In addition we must
/ I2BES^ % think of serious problems. Over and above all things.
I we have the duty to see that trade unionism is made
H i the Instrument by which a fuller measure of democrncy
is brought into our industrial life. Without freedom In
B industry there Is no complete freedom. Without demo
cratlc measures there is no guarantee of freedom, no
^Br means for making It effective. And, viewing the ahus?-s
^^BB^B Wj ot great corporate power, we know that unless we
/ have democratic cures for the evils, we shall have to
submit to the attempted cures of politicians, working
B^B^^Bljij? more or less In Ignorance and creating likewise a
^i bureaucracy which we fear, but may have to tolerate.
j America is great because of its freedom, its Justice.
'^^B^^Bji its democratic institutions. Trade unionism can create
an even jr^ater America. It has been said that we
stand on the verge of the abolition of poverty. That Is trne only If we prop
erly use our national natural and manufactured wealth. But it can be made
true. Let us also add that we stand on the verge of a greater, fuller and
nobler freedom?and then let us make both of these visions come true.
Let us have done with little things. It Is the age of great things!
i, =71
TRUE ORIGIN OF LABOR DAY
Br FRANK DUFFY. Vstaraa Labor Uoka Erecutrr.
Claims that Labor day was originated by the Knights of Labor, the Ameri
can Federation of Labor or the Central I-obor nnlon of New York city are
open to argument, as proved by the history of the day.
At a meeting of the Central Ijbor union of New
York city on March 8, 1882, Mr. McGuIre proposed that W (
one day be set aside and designated as Labor day for I V
a general holiday for the working classes. Other holl- ? - ?
days represented the religious, political, civil and mill I ^ ?. I
tnry spirit of the people, but there was none to repre \f/L Aj
sent the Industrial spirit, he argued. I ***
The first Monday In September was selected to flit ? i 4
the wide gap between the Fourth of July and Thanks I
giving day, and the first Labor day parade was held
j on September fi, 1882, In New York by the Central
Labor union, with 10,000 persons taking part In the
parade, and 20.000 In the picnic which followed.
Two years later the project was taken up hy the
Federation of Organised Trades and Labor Unions of
the United States and Canada, and later by state legis
latures. The day is a legal holiday In every state but Wyoming, where the
governor each year declares It a holiday hy proclamation.
The day was originally dedicated to peace, civilisation and the triumph of
Industry. It was celebrated by street parades and a picnic or festival held In
some grove or park, and the proceeds were divided among the organisations
participating.
. ,1
COLLECTIVE ACTION IMPERATIVE
Br DANIEL J. TOBIN. Prsslihst liUntW M T mil I. ChaaBver*.
SuUxn >xl H^cri W Asartcs.
Working people regard labor and service as a most valuable and aacred
thing. If cannot be classed as a commodity compared with tangible, perishable
products manufactured and created by Industry. Labor
Is life because workeri give their lives and their
minds when they work with their hands. Because of
the deep appreciation of the Importance and value of
labor and service the trade unions are constantly
M endeavoring to elevate the standards of life and living.
B They seek to make life worth while; to create oppor
Uolaj J^E I tunltlea for development of the body and mind; to
?p' AtjjHF 9 cegulate the hours of labor so that all may enjoy lei
B sure and surcease from exacting toll. The ultimate
objective of labor Is the realization and enjoyment of
T a higher and better life.
This high und noble purpose cannot be realized
lM except through the power and Influence of collective
action. The alms of labor are so noble and Its motives
are to lofty as to Invite and secure the support of all
those who believe that tt Is the Inalienable right of
men and women to enjoy life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
HMHJOtML
Open Air Elevator in Street in Lisbon.
trrsparvd by tit* National Oooarapb'e
Sooiaty. VVuhlnston. D. c t
LISBON, capital of the Republic
of Portugal, where a move to
restore the monarchy was re
cently ulpped In the bud. has a
strange appeal for the seeker for
quaint and individual places. This
port of Portugal, which has very aptly
been called the kernel of the country,
saw the commercial pride of the Phoe
nicians and heard the fervent prayers
of \ asco da Gama before be set out on
his perilous voyage In search of India. I
the land which had lured navigators
for centuries.
Lisbon's ancient name was Ullsipo,
which caused many Greek scholars to
try to connect It with the wanderings
of Ulysses, but the name probably
originated from two Phoenician words
meaning Pleasant Bay, which Is made
doubly plausible because the mouth of
the Tagns just beyond the city widens
Into ouc of the best harbors In the
whole of Europe.
The Romans knew Lisbon as Eellci
tas Julia, and It grew to lie the second
city In Lusitanla, that famous district
of Hispania in time of the Caesars.
Its temple and theater ruins attest its
occupation. Successively It has been
seized by the Alans, the Visigoths, the
Moors and the Crusaders. The kind
ly influence of the Knglish Crusaders
who mingled with the Portuguese
masses left Its mark, and has shown
Itself In the friendly relations that
have, practically ever since, existed
between the two nations.
What the City Is Like.
Commercially the city has natural
advantages In Its harbor, which can
accommodate the largest vessels, and
an advantageous position on the At
lantic. At present Its trade is con
fined chiefly to exporting cork, wine,
olive oil and tropical fruits to and im
porting coal. wood, com, rice and man
ufactured articles from England. Bra
zil and its own African colonies.
Along the Tagus vegetables, fruits
and flowers are piled In high heaps
to tempt the eager marketers, boats
of every description from the dingy
little fishing smack to the ladylike At
lantic liner are loading and unloading
their cargoes, and the flsh peddlers
who are to be seen everywhere In the
Lisbon streets are raucously bargain
ing for their stock In trade with the
fishermen along the wharves.
Then house above house In ever-as
cendlng terraces the city proper rises
above the water front. Its white build
ing gleaming in the sunlight. In the
hills near the city there Is a limestone
as white and soft as chalk which be
comes hard upon exposure, and this
has largely been used as building ma
terial. Many of the buildings art
faced with colored tiles, and others are
washed pink or blue, but there Is a
softness in the general Impression nev
ertheless, which Is very pleasing. Tin
old tiled roofs which are warped anf
curving, with their grass-grown fur
rows are dellghtul.
Lisbon Is Interesting to visitors no
only because of Its setting and it:
architecture, but also because of tlx
conglomerate population within it
limits. Here may be seen represent
atlTes of all the various natlonalltle
which, fluxed Into homogeneity, chat
acterize the urban population of Pot
tugal today.
Traces of Many Peoples.
Tlie prolonged visits of Hie Phoeni
cians. Visigoths, Romans, Moon, and
Spanish had little effect or influence
on the stock of the Ceitle-lberfan folk
In the interior and mountainous dis
tricts of Portugal, while along the
coasts the cities absorbed alt those
strangers into its nrban life. The con
querors fell victims to racial absorp
tion.
Consequently In 1-lsbon, often invad
ed and brought under alien rule, are
foond types which distinctly betray
their origin from one or another of
the shifting dominant races. Purw
Celts from the hills are met on the
streets, their pugnacious visages mark
edly Bretonesque. their costumes like
all Celtic raiment, and their side whis
kers Just ts bristly. Traces of import
ed negro slave blood are distinguish
able, as also are Jewish types, de
scendants of the refugees from Spain.
tine marvels at the strength of limb
and neck of the basket-peddler girts,
whose profiles, complexions, hair, and
stature find a parallel in the descrip
! tions of tiie Phoenician women of old.
Striking Moorish types are also oft
en seen, dark-skinned, with the biack
! bronze hair, large, brilliant black eyes.
? and pearly teeth of their ancestor*
They lack, of course, the thick lips
and fiat noses of the African types
from more tropical regions than the
Mediterranean coast.
lint by far the greater number of
people on the streets are "Portuguese."
a hue in which is combined something
from each of a long list of descendants
! of successive Invaders. Ttiey are
clean-limbed, regular-featured, medi
um-sited people of fine appearance.
Portuguese of the upper classes are
among roe most cultured and gracious
people of the world. Hospitality is a
characteristic, generosity also, and the
arts, sciences, and ethics of civilisa
tion are appreciated and employed.
Portuguese men engaged in business
and commerce are cosmopolitan in the
range of their operations and in the
compass of their Influence.
Ancient and Modern Mingle.
All the linguistic Inheritance* and
racial divergence* of the Portuguese
have a direct influence on the life,
architecture, and economics of the city.
The most ancient of customs and the
most antique of implements are found
side hy side with electric cars, auto
mobiles. modern banking houses, luxu
riously furnished homes, and ultra
styles.
Yet so perfectly natural and unaf
i fected are the people that nothing
seems strange or oat of place. The
city is a mosaic of civilixatioo; harsh
and glaring antagonisms have melted
? into the picture.
I Because earthquakes have shaken
i the city disastrously in the past, an
architecture has been developed to re
! slst earth tremors. The best exam
I pies of such construction lie In the
? business section of the new city, the
Cldade Baixa.
t The business buildings which house
s the banks. Jewelry stores, trading
6 shops of all kinds, and offices are fcnilt
s of light materials, with walls covereJ
. with ceramic tile. Base stories are
s frequently constructed of stone, but
one sees four and Mi-story buildings
v lighter than the average two-story Ml
building in Amertefc