The Alamance Gleaner
VOL. LVI. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY OCTOBER 2, 1930. NO. 35.
1?Great parade In celebration of Boston's three hundredth birthday passing through the Triumph arch In front
of Faneuil hall. 2?First photograph of the Flying Wing, the new mystery plane of the army which is being tested
at Dayton, Ohio. 3?Troopers of the Third cavalry as Indian braves and wives of army officers as missionaries In
the "Pioneer Days" pageant given at Fort Myer, Virginia.
NEWS REVIEW OF
CURRENTEVENTS
Rulers of Soviet Russia De
moralize Wheat Markets
of the World.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
SOVIET Russia does with her might
what her hands find to do, espe
cially if it is something that may an
noy and embarrass the "capitalistic"
nations?meaning all that are not
Soviets. Of late the Communist dic
tators in Moscow have been devoting
much attention to wheat, selling short
on the Chicago Board of Trade and
dumping grain on the European mar
kets at cut prices, resulting In the
lowest prices for wheat In many years
and much Indignation and alarm in
various countries.
The Russian operations on the Chi
cago board were made public by Sec
retary of Agriculture Hyde, who asked
the officials of that organization to do
something about It. Those gentlemen,
while Instituting an investigation, inti
mated that as the board was open to
the world for trading they might not
be able to do much to prevent such
hedging in the future. Anyhow, these
operations were In themselves far less
Important and portentous than the
dumping of Russian wheat and the
evident fact that Russia was becoming
a serious competitor in the grain mar
kets of the world with the United
States, Cunada, Argentina and other
wheat-growing countries. The Soviet
rulers absolutely control the produc
tion and marketing of grain In Russia,
and though that country is not yet
producing enough for its own needs,
they are keeping the inhabitants on
short rations and selling the grain
abroad because they need the money.
Soon, maybe by next year, their sys
tem of mass production aided by the
use of American farm machinery will
be in full effect, and apparently the
farmers of other countries will have
to meet the situation by similar mass
production methods, or go under.
r\ tJHING the week many suggestions
*-* for relief were made in many
quarters. A Rumanian In the League
of Nations assembly pleaded for a
European preferential tariff to protect
the farmers of eastern Europe. The
Swedish head of a great Argentine
wheat firm said the best method would
be for the world to boycott Russian
wheat. In the Baltic states there were
demands for government action against
the Russian dumping that threatened
the ruin of local Industries and trad
ers. Four representatives of the
Canadian grain trade sailed for. Lon
don with the dominion premier and
other cabinet members to attend the
imperial conference opening October
1, making It likely that the grain sit
uation would be considered by the
conference.
Officials of the American Farm Bu
reau federation, the National Grange
and the Farmers' Educational and Co
operative union announced they had
been Investigating the disastrous
wheat slump situation and would re
port their findings soon. The farm
federation, Secretary Winder states,
lias had under consideration for some
time legislation designed to more
thoroughly regulate the boards of
trade to "prevent just such manipula
tion as has occurred during the last
few months." Congressman Fish of
New York, chairman of the house com
mittee on Communist activities, sum
moned the members of the committee
to Chicago for a hearing on the Rus
sian short selling on the Chicago
hoard.
Toward the clow of the week wheat
price* recovered somewhat In the
United States and Canada, due to lib
eral buying and to reports that the
Russian interests were covering their
short deals. In Chicago the Russian
scare was regarded as about passed,
but from London came a dispatch say
ing that Canadian and Russian grain
was competing for sales and that
American hard winter wheat was in
small demand because it was held at
higher price levels than either the
Canadian or Russian product.
PROSPECTS for early disarmament
in Europe, or even reduction of
armament, were put on the skids when
it was officially announced at Geneva
that negotiations between France aud
Italy for settlement of their naval
problems had been discontinued. The
only point of agreement between the
two governments, said one of the
Italian experts, was on the naval
building holiday to last until the end
of the year. Some of the League of
Nations delegates, including the Brit
ish, seemed to think it would be at
.least advisable to postpone the con
ference of the League preparatory dis
armament commission, scheduled for
November 3.
The French and the Italians blame
each other for the failure of the con
versations, but at this distance the
Italians appear'to have the better of
the argument.
CHANG, dictator of Manchuria, has
moved emphatically to put an end
to the civil war in Ctdna. Ills armies
marched to Peiping, occupying Tientsin
on the way, and taking possession of
the old capital city posted proclama
tions demanding that the fighting
cease and assuring peace to northern
China. Chang gained complete con
trol of Chlhll province without the
firing of a single shot, and his troops
settled down for a long stny. The
lenders of the northern rebel alliance
withdrew to the mountains of Shnnsi
province and their future movements
were Uncertain.
The collapse of the rebellion an.1
the action of the Manchurlan war
lord lead the Soviet Russian govern
ment to consent to the opening of the
Chinese-Itusslan conference in Mos
cow on October 11. Russia bad been
holding up this meeting In the hope
that the Nationalist government
would fall.
SENATOR NYE'S campaign Investi
gating committee went to Lincoln,
Neb., and learned a lot about the Re
publican senatorial primary campaign
in that state that Is pleasing to the
insurgent Republicans and correspond
ingly annoying to the Republican na
tional senatorial committee. It ap
pears from the evidence that George
W. Norris. young grocer of Rroken
Bow, was Induced to enter the primary
in order to force Senator George W.
Norris to run as an Independent, anil
that the scheme was engineered by
Victor Seymour, now assistant vice
chairman of the above mentioned sen
atorial committee. Witnesses said
Grocer Norris received a $500 bond
after completing his filing.
NEW YORK Republicans went wet
In tbelr state convention and
nominated for governor Cbarles H.
Tuttle, who recently resigned as fed
eral prosecutor in New York city. The
liquor plank, adopted over the strenu
ous objections of the drys, favors re
peal of the Eighteenth amendment and
restoration to each state of the right
to deal with tbe liquor problem as its
citizens see fit. but with the proviso
that the saloon system and private
traffic in Intoxicating beverages be
outlawed everywhere by the Consti
tution.
Nicholas roosevelt as vice
governor of tbe Philippines was
decidedly obnoxious to tbe natives,
who asserted be was against tndo
i
pendente for the Islands and also was I
out of sympathy with and prejudiced
against the Filipino people and Orien
tals in general. Therefore Mr. Roose
velt wrote to President Hoover last
week that ids usefulness there was
impaired and it was best for him to
retire. The President accepted the
resignation "reluctantly" and immedi
ately announced tlie appointment of
Mr. Roosevelt as minister to Hungary.
In that post lie will succeed J. Butler
Wright, who'*will be made minister to
Uruguay to succeed Behind Harrison,
resigned. Who will be vice governor
of the Philippines was not announced.
KENNETH MACKINTOSH, a mem
ber of President Hoover's law en
forcement commission, says that when
that body reconvenes on October 8
he will insist that it "go to the guts
of the prohibition question." He re
gards the issue as one of the most
important economic and social prob
lems since the question of slavery, and
wants the commission to say whether
or not the dry law is enforceable, and
If not, what can be done about It.
Former Senator James4 A. Iteed of
Missouri, who is being boomed by Ills
admirers for the Democratic Presi
dential nomination in 1932, lias Just re
turned from Europe and In the inter
views lie granted he made it evident
that if he Is a candidate it will be on
a wringing wet platform.
CHILE'S government frustrated an
attempt at military revolution
which was started ut Concepcion. Five
Chilean exiles landed there in an air
plane and tried to induce the garrison
to revolt. They were at once ar
rested by military authorities, as were
later a number of others, officers In
the army. The plane used l?y the
exiles was piloted by two Americans,
Edward O. De Lorln and Reed S.
Doyle.
ADOLF HITLER, head of the ram
pant Fascists of Oermuny, de
clares ids party intends to destroy
the treaty of Versailles, by legal means
if possible, otherwise by means looked
upon by the world as illegal. Hitler
made tills assertion when he was
called as a witness at the trial of three
reichswehr officers accused of treason.
"The National Socialists do not re
gard the international agreement as
law, but as something forced upon
us," he said. "Germany is gagged by
the peace treaties. We do not ac
knowledge our guilt in the war, espe
cially not the guilt of future genera
tions. When we shall oppose these
treaties by every possible means we
shall find ourselves in the midst of
revolution.
"We shall oppose these treaties both
diplomatically and by completely evad
ing them. That may be looked upon
by the world as an illegal method, but
we will not employ it until the party
has been victorious. After two or
three more elections our party will be
in the majority."
Again and again he stated with em
phasis and emotion that he was plan
ning no armed revolt. "We don't
need an armed revolt," he said, "all
we need is another election."
Encouraged by the success of the
Hitlerites In Germany, the Fascists of
Austria brought about the downfall
of the Schober cabinet.
DEATHS of the week included those
of Representative Charles M.
Stedman of North Carollna^last of the
Civil war veterans In congress; Henry
Phipps, retired steel magnate; Dr. J
T. Torrance, originator of condensed
soup; Frederick L. Mandel. leading
Chicago merchant; Mrs. Emma Ash
ford of Nashville. Tenn., composer of
"Abide With Me" and other sacred
music; Phllo A. Otis, a civic leader In
Chicago, and Gen. Sir Bryan Mahon.
eminent soldier who commanded the
British troops In Gallipot!.
<#. 1?!0. Westers Hew ft* per Into*.)
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<?. 1930. Western Newspaper Union.)
"How can any man atart the day
properly If he wakea In a room
where the paint and wall paper are
constantly making faces at the fur
niture?"
SPECIAL DISHES
All cooks enjoy using the common
things in such a manner that an un
usual dish or com
blnatlon Is the re
sult.
Pepper Relish.?
Take two cupfuls
of finely chopped
peppers (green and
red may he used)
?* and pack the cup
solidly full In measuring. Use a food
chopper and put the peppers through
the finest knife twice. Measure into
the kettle, using Just enough of the
Juice to flood the cup level. Add six
and one-half cupfuls of sugar, one and
one-half cupfuls of vinegar, mix well
and bring to a boll, set aside uncov
ered for 20 minutes. Bring again to
a boil and stir constantly, boiling hard
for two minutes. Remove from the
tire and stir in one bottle of pectin,
stir and skim for Just eight minutes
to cool slightly and prevent floating.
Pour quickly, cover the hot relish with
a good cover of parafllu. This makes
about nine glasses.
Rolled Oranoe Wafers.?Cream one
half cupful of butter, add gradually
one cupful of sugar and the grated
rind of an orange, beat until light.
Dissolve one teaspoonful of soda In
one tablespoonful of cold water, add
to one-half cupful of orange Juice al- (
ternately with two cupfuls of flour.
Beat well and spread on buttered bak
ing sheet In the thinnest possible lay
er. Bake In a moderate oven. When
baked cut Into squares and roll each
square while hot over the handle of a
wooden spoon. Sprinkle with pow
dered sugar and arrange on a dolly
covered plate.
Banana Butter.?This makes a de
licious cake fllllng. Use ripe, mellow
fruit and take three cupfuls of the
crushed pulp, add six and one-half
cupfuls of sugar, the Juice of a lemon
and one-fourth teaspoonful of butter.
Mix nnd bring quickly to a boil, boll
one minute, stirring constantly over
the entire bottom, adding one bottle
of pectin. Remove from the heat and
stir, frequently for eight minutes to
cool slightly and prevent floating.
Pour quickly into cups nnd cover with
hot paraffin. It sets slowly. Makes
nine to ten glasses.
I Basque Peace Officers
Kept Reasonably Busy
Unique is the nilguelete. Every
where in Spain, from the gates of the
royal paluce in Madrid out to the re
motest, humblest hamlets, the civil
guardsmen have the right of way?
except in the Basque province of (Jul
puzcoa. The Basques have their own
police, called migueletes, who wear a
jaunty uniform of baggy red trousers,
J a blue tunic with a cape fixed to the
shoulders and a red boinn on their
heads (a contrast to the civil guards'
yellow trappings and gray or black uni
forms and shiny cocked hats, trian
gular and of oilskin). Although a sol
dier, armed and trained as such, the
miguelete, instead of parading about
in idleness, hus many civilian duties.
He carries all the official mall In the
province, conveys lunatics to the mod
ern asylum, inspects the roads, teaches
the illiterates to read and write, col
lects telephone tolls and also taxes.
A Basque is always ready with a bet,
which is the common way of ending a
dispute about handball, tree felling,
grass mowing, stone lifting, swimming,
about what weight his pair of oxen
will drag or the fighting powers of a
ram from his herd. On every bet a
percentage is due and is collected by
the miguelete. It is the miguelete
also who takes charge of the savings
bank accounts, and so great is the
confidence he Inspires among the
peasantry that old and young hand
over their hard-earned reales and
pesetas to this red-legged cop. What
prestige! Indeed, It has been proposed
that the League of Nations study the
corps with a view to making it a world
organization.
Baa Damph U Damp
Ben Damph, a rambling country
mansion belonging to the Lovelace
family, la perhapa about tbe moat In
acceaalble houae to be found even In
Scotland. It la alao one of the wet
teat. Rain falla almoat contlnuoualy.
The neareat village la about eleven
mllea away, and the household la con
sequently, of necessity, self-supporting.
Fish from the loch, cattle from the
posture, and game fiom the moor pro
Tide the staple sustenance of those
staying at Ben Dampb.
The First Prophet
of Freedom. ?> IS
x f
ZJlttDJTfiZ OFnoSgR WILZIATTJ. From the Wntinf by Ctuppe/
f
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
IJK various tercentenary
celebrations which have
been held in Massachu
setts this yeur have re
vlved public Interest In
the historical events ot
long ago, and have
brought again to the
attention of Americans
the names of many men
who nre all but forgotten. Some one
has suggested that the liny State
might well round out Its tercentenary
program with one more celebration of
an Importnnt event which took place
300 years ago. Such a celebration
would he held next February, for It
wag In February, 1631, that a man
named Roger Williams arrived In llos
ton from Kngland.
The only trouble with that sugges
tion is thut Roger Williams Is a man
whom Massachusetts Is little likely to
honor with any special ceremonies,
even though it would seem that after
three centuries had passed all ancient
prejudices should be dispelled and the
harsh Judgments of those far-off days
considerably softened. At least, one
might logically draw such a conclu
sion from these facts:
In 1G3G the Great and General Court
of the Massachusetts Hay Colony
wrote upon its records the following:
"Whereas, Mr. Roger Williams, one
of the elders of the church of Salem,
hath broached and divulged divers
new and dangerous opinions against
the authority of magistrates; and ulso
writ letters of defamation, both of the
magistrates and churches here, am)
that before any conviction, and yet
maintained! the same without any re
traction; It Is therefore ordered, that
the said Mr. Williams shall depart out
of this Jurisdiction within six weeks
now next evening, which if he neglect
to perform, It shall be lawful for the
governor and two of the magistrates
to send him to some place out of this
Jurisdiction, not to return any more
without license from the court."
In 1028 the Massachusetts house of
| represents lives accepted wllliout dc
hnte a report by the Judiciary commit
tee recommending "leave to withdraw"
on a bill by Representative John \V.
Hawkins to revoke the sentence of
banishment of Itoger Williams. Thus
the Bay State passed up Its chance to
make a graceful gesture which would
show that the spirit of Intolerance
which once characterized Massachu
setts, the colony, had been succeeded
by a more generous spirit In Massa
chusetts. the state, and it missed an
opportunity to utter even tills smallest
thanks for Williams' service wlien at
the greatest risk to himself, he dissu
aded the Narragansett Indians from
joining in the Pequot war against the
colony which had expelled him.
But, quite aside from this question
of whether or not the Massachusetts
of today Is likely to pay belated hon
or to the man whom the Massachusetts
of 300 years ago considered dangerous,
feared and sent Into exile. Is the ques
tion which one might logically ask us
the result of recalling the name of a
man who has been gone from the
American scene these 247 years?
"Why Is the arrival of Roger Wllllutns
on the shores of New England Impor
tant enough to Justify a celebration
300 years later?''
The answer to that question may be
found In these words "Roger Williams
was the first prophet of freedom in
America, the 'land of the free,' a man
whoso liberalism was not confined to
religion alone hut who stood staunch
ly for civil liberty as well." Surely
in these days when Americans are he
coming concerned about the liberties
guaranteed them In the foundation
stone of our Republic, the Constitution,
to know something of such a man Is
worth while. Recently there has a|?
penred a biography of him which
brings out strongly the Importance of
this man in American history. It is
"Roger Williams, l'rophet and Pio
neer," written by Hmily East on and
published by the Houghton Mifflin
company."
If Roger Will in nib hnd been no more
than the pioneer, he would still he In
teresting and worthy of study. Hut It
Is In Roger Williams, the prophet of
freedom, that our main Interest lies,
and with him In this role Ids new bi
ographer Is chiefly concerned. The
year of his birth is uncertain. It was
probably 1002 or ICO.'I. The scene was
in London on the edge of Smltlifietd
where were held both the fairs and
the executions of the day. His father
was a merchant tailor, but young Rog
er does not seem to have hnd any de
sire to follow In his fnther's footsteps.
He began the study of stenography
and became an adept at writing short
hand, taking down sermons at Saint
Sepulchre's church and speeches In
the star chamber, the awesome and
terrible court at Westminster hall,
where offenders against the crown
were summarily and secretly tried.
Williams' talent attracted the atten
tion of Sir Edward Coke, the great
Judge and leader of the I'uritans, who
saw to It that the boy was admitted
to the Charter house school. In 1G2C
he received his degree from Pembroke
college, Cambridge, and became chap
lain in the country house of Sir Wil
liam Mashnm. Naturally n free think
er, he allied himself with the most ex
treme of the Puritans. Relief In the
separation of church and state pre
\onted his taking a parish In England
and he resolved to come to America.
He arrived In Roston on February 5,
1G31, but soon found that he was no
better off In New England than In Old
England. So lie went to Plymouth.
The Ply month people could not
agree with his "strange opinions," so
he went to Salem, where he was re
peatedly summoned and finally ban
lrtie<].
It was In January, 103C, that Roger
Williams was compelled to leave his
wife and babies and tramp through the
snow-covered forests. He was saved
through the aid' of Indians toward
whom he had ever assumed a kindly
and generous attitude.
Chief Massasolt of the Pokunokel
Indians gave him a tract of land on
Seekonk river, where lie was Joined
by old friends from Salem, and a set
tlement started. But upon receiving
friendly hints that complications were
liable to arise with the Plymouth col
ony, he moved to tlie present site of
Providence, H. I., and in June, 163G,
started the settlement that was des
tined to become Rhode Island. The
land there was given by his old
friends, Canonicus and Minntonomo,
sachems of the Narragonsetts.
Williams soon had a chance to re
turn good for evil for such was bis
influence over the. Nurrugnnsefts iir.it
he easily prevailed upon this powerful
tribe not to Join the Pequots under
Sassacus In tlielr plan to destroy nil
the Kngllsh settlements In that part
of the country.
Williams. In lti'tS, assisted John
Clarke and William Coddington in pur
chasing Aquidneck. or Rhode Island,
from the Indians, lie saw to it that
the Indians were not swindled bur lib
erally paid for their holdings.
In RMS he went to Knglund and ob
tained the charter for the Providence
and Rhode Island settlements. While
there he blossomed forth as an author
of some of the "best sellers." produc
ing "Key Into language of America."
"The Blody Tenet of Persecution for
Cause ot Conscience." and "Mr. Cot
ton's Letter Examined and Answered."'
Williams made such a hit In Kngland
that several members of parliament
gave him a letter which was vlrtuallv
a passport through Massachusetts up
on his return In 1G44.
Tn 1631 he was obliged to again visit
Englund in order to obtain the revoke
merit of the commission of William
Coddington as governor of Rhode Is
land and Connecticut. He not only
got what he went after, but found
some time to do some more writing.
He returned home in 1654 and par
ticipated in the reorganization of the
colonial government, and accepted the
presidency of the colony which lie held
until 1658. In Ids administration he
obtained toleration for the Quakers
who were then coming to New Eng
land.
Not only did Williams stand firm
for religious liberty in his colony but
for civil liberty as well. He had re
volted against the theocracy which
ruled New England, and in revolting
he rebelled against the magistrates as
well as against the clergy. Eighteen
years after he had founded ids islet
of defiant freedom he could hoast. In
a letter to Sir Henry Vane: "We have
not felt the new chains of the Presby
terian tyrants, nor in this colony have
we heen consumed with the over-zeal
ous fire of the (so-called) godly Chris
tian magistrates. Sir, we have not
known what an excise means; we have
almost forgotten what tithes are. yen.
or taxes either, to church or common
wealth.'*
The death of this remarkable Ameri
can pioneer was announced In this
quaint fashion in a letter written May
10, 1683, by John Thorndyke of Provi
dence to Rev. Samuel Hubbard: "The
Lord hath arrested by death our an
cient and approved friend. Mr. Roger
Williams, with divers others here."
(? by V?iurn Newsptpsr Union.*