North Carolina Newspapers

The Alamance Gleaner VOL. LVII. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY MARCH 12, 1931. NO. 6. News Review of Current Events the World Over France and Italy Reach Agreement as to Their Naval Strength?Seventy-First Congress Comes to an End. By EDWARD W. PICKARD Diplomats and financiers, work ing steadily and per sistently, have brought about an accord be tween France and Ita ly on the question of relative naval strength, and the prob able result will be that the three-power Lon don naval treaty will become a five-power A. Henderson pact. Thus the French and Italians will give up the Idea of starting a building program that would compel Great Britain to increase her naval forces under the "escalator" clause of the treaty, and the United States and Japan would be relieved of the fear that their relative strength would not be maintained without a lively resumption of building. Arthur Henderson. British foreign secretary, was most active In the final stages of the negotiations between France and Italy, making trips to Home and Paris, and is given credit for ex cellent work. But It is admitted that the groundwork for the agreement was lnld by Hugh S. Gibson, Amerlcnn am bassador to Belgium, who for several months had been laboring to bring the dispute to an end. Acting under per sonal orders from President Hoover, he held a series of private talks with Mussolini, Tardieu, Briand and others, and transmitted their various propos als to Rome and Paris and finally to the British. The financial end of the accord con sists In a long term loan to Italy, to be made by French and American bankers, which will really be a war debt moratorium In disguise. The Fas cist government will receive perhaps three and a half billion dollars, which sum. It is said, will " save Italy from bankruptcy and put the country on Its feet." Specifically, the loan will be used to retire and convert Internal debt obligations. $1.82(1.000,000 of which fell due on October 1 last. Mus solini's previous efforts to obtain long term loans from American and French hankers had failed because, largely, of the naval dispute with Francee. While the terms of the Franco-Ital ian agreement were temporarily with held from the public, it was learned in Paris that It provides that French naval superiority over Italy be reduced from 240,00 tons to 100.000 tons, most of the reduction coming from project ed submarines and scpersuhmarines. It was agreed that the battleship ton nage allotted at the Washington naval conference would not be used for ships of more than 2.",000 tons. France ob tained the right to build three 23.300 ton vessels of the super-cruiser type. In return for superiority in global or total tonnage, it Is believed that France gives Italy a slight superiority In light cruisers and torpedo destroy ers, but retains supremacy In subma rines. It was understood that Italy de manded the sacrifice of super-subma rines In the French program and that France made the concession because its coastal submarines are sufficient for Its present needs. France and Ita ly, It la understood, agreed on parity In 10,000-ton cruisers. LEGAL proceedings are under wny In Washington In the contest between Presi dent Hoover and the sennte over the right of Chalrmnn George Otis Smith of the pow er commission to hold that office, and the senate Is represented by John W. Davis, who was Democratic candidate for the Presidency In 1024. He was selected for the Job by a subcommittee of the Judiciary committee composed of Sen ators Norrls. Walsh and Stelmer. The proceedings are expected to add an other chapter to the history of consti tutional clashes between the execu tive and legislative branches of the government. WITH a filibuster In the senate and rather uproarious gaiety In the house, the seventy-first congress came to an end at noon, March 4. During Its life It carried out fairly well Pre* Ident Hoover's program of legislation, despite frequent acrimonious clashes with the Cblef Executive since last December. It Is unnecessary to recount these disputes, for every one is famil iar with them. In only two major af fairs?the nomination of Judge Parker to the Supreme court and lb* recent John W. Davis 1 veterans' bonus loan act?was the President defeated. The Important Items of legislation during the third session included these: Routine annual appropriation bills carrying more than $5,250,000,0(50. Emergency construction program, providing $110,000,000 for speeding up public work, including rivers and hhr nors, highway construction and other federal Improvements. Relief for drought-stricken areas, in eluding $20,000,000 for food loans, pro i vlded In measures embodying a $05, 000.000 loan fund; $2,000,000 for rural sanitation activities; and $3,500,000 of unexpended balances in funds for re lief of flood-stricken states, i Program of federal public building construction Increased by $100,000,000. Series of unemployment relief meas j ures enacted, contemplating federal l unemployment census, long-term plan ning of public construction to meet emergencies and federal co-operation in unemployment agency activities. Additional soldier hospitalization fa ( cilities afforded in $20,000,000 program Naval modernization bill, authoriz ing $30,000,000 to remodel battleships Louisiana. Idaho and New Mexico, to j meet standards prescribed by the 1022 I Washington arms conefrence. The seventy-first congress earned the one distinction of being the heaviest [ spending of ail peace time congresses. In all, It appropriated approximately $10,000,000,000 for government uses. IF YOU are to take the word of Henry H. Curron. president of the Association Against Prohibition, a majority of the peo p I e of the United States are now ready and willing to vote for the repeal of the Eighteenth amend inent. In his annual report to the directors H. H. Curran fln(j jflO.OOO members of the association, Mr. Curran declared that the dry cause had not advanced an inch during 1930. while the wet movement had registered important gains. He asserted that the November election doubled the wet representa tion in the house and raised the sen ate wet group from 15 two years ago, to 22 at present. He said the house now has a wet vote of 1G0, compared with 76 In 1928. SECRETARY of Agriculture Hyde denies that he is to blame for de lay In distributing the $20,000,000 drought relief fund. In a letter reply ing to a resolution Introduced by Sen ator Caraway asking why Mr. Hyde had not begun the distribution, the secretary said: **1 have the honor to Inform the sen ate that because of the extended de bate upon the appropriation of $20, 000,000 contained in the Interior de partment bill, and because of the un certainty as to the provisions of the act. It was not possible to work out the administration and accounting problems entailed until the act was finally passed and its provisions defi nitely known.'* He explained the machinery which the department had set up in order to distribute loans through Intermedi ate credit organizations and directly to the farmer. "There exists now no reason why application for loans may not now be received and payment made shortly thereafter,** he concluded. MAJ. Ralph Itoyce of the army air corps la being congrat olated on the an nonncement that he has been awarded the Mackny trophy for 1930. This Is In recog nition of the 'Arctic patrol" which he led through severe winter weather from Self ridge Held, Michigan, to Spokane. Wash, and ,Jor retnrn. In January. 1930. It was a se vere test of the skill and stamina of the pilots and the stability of the planes and was successfully carried through. IN ITS closing days the congress en acted the Muscle Shoals legislation which would put the government Into the power business but ITesldent Hoover vetoed the measure, sending In a long and well argued message The senate sustained the veto, the vote be ing 40 to 34, and the bill was dead. Mr. Iloover had predicted he would be accused of favoring the power trust, and members of congress did a'ccuse him of this, and the Incident. It was said, made It certain that the power controversy would be one of the ma jor Issues of the next Presidential cam paign. Mr. Hoover also failed to sign the NVagner bill for federal co-operation with the states In establishing a na tional system of employment exchange. It was understood he would "pocket veto" this measure, which would bring the number of his vetoes to fifteen. CHAIRMAN RASKOB told the Dem ocratic national committee at its meeting In Washington nil about the wet policy which he thought the party should adopt, but said he would not ask action on his suggested platform until the next meeting. Dry members from the South vigorously opposed Knskob's views or any consideration of them by the committee. It was de cided that a $10,000,000 campaign fund should be raised. LOW bid for the general contract on the Hoover dam and power plant in Boulder canyon was submit ted In Denver by ? combination of western construction firms?the Six Companies, Inc., of San Francisco, and the government engineers recommend ed that this bid of $48.81 M),995.50 be accepted by Secretary of the Interior Wilbur. Work on the project, the big gest engineering Job ever undertaken in this country, probably will be start ed before the end of March. ONE of the most eminent engineers of the American army, and Indeed of the na tion, passed on when Meut. Gen. Edgar .Jud wln. retired cldef of the army engineering corps and chairman of the Interocean canal commission, died at Mm*C.orgas hospital In Panama City. While In Gen. Jadwln Ancon preparing to go to Nicaragua to survey the possibili ties of a Nicnraguan cnnnl. he was stricken with apoplexy, and a cerebral hemorrhage ended his life. General Jadwln, who was born In Honesdale, Pa., In 1805, was graduated from West Point In 181)0 and had a brilliant career In the engineering corps for nearly forty years, retiring In 1029. He served In the Sptmlsh-Amerlcan war and the World war, but was best known for his peacetime work In the CJnlted States and In the Canal Zone. The Jadwln plan of flood control for mulated after the disastrous Missis sippi valley floods of 1027 was the army ofllcer's most Important work. The plan called for expenditure of $.125,000,000 and was opposed In con gress. but finally passed with admin istration support. VICEROY LORD IRWIN and Ma hatmn Gandhi, both making con cessions, reached an agreement for peace In India, and the civil disobedi ence movement that had lasted for a year came to an end. The Nationalists looked on the pact as a triumph for the doctrine of non-violence. The Brit ish government, though it yields con siderable, probably gets none the worst of the bargain. By the terms of the agreement. It Is understood, the Na tionalists abandon their resistance movement and will work for qualified dominion status In the second round table conference. In return, their Im prisoned members will be released and most of the confiscated property will be returned; they are permitted to conduct boycotts that do not aim spe cifically at British goods, and the poor natives along the coast are given the right to make their own salt. The most important gain for the British was the point In which the Nationalists agreed to confine them selves at the next round table con ference to the specified scope of con stitutional questions elucidated by the first round table meeting In London. This commits Gandhi to the principle of a federation of Indian responsibil ity. but with British safeguards cov ering finance, defense, foreign affairs, the position of minorities and the dis charge of India's national debts. SENATOR Arthur Capper's commit tee on food prices reported that It found "an alarming tendency toward the monopolistic control of the food of the nation by a small group of powerful corporations and com hi na tions." the tendency being especially strong In the case of bread and milk. A careful scrutiny by the federal trade commission and the Department of Justice was recommended. TWO new governments within a week for Peru! First a navy group forced Sanches Cerro to resign and named Chief Justice Ricardo Ellas provisional president. Then along came a bunch of officers and troops loyal to Cerro and out went Ellas and his friends. The new army Junta was beaded by Col. Gustave Jimenez, litt. Wwtara M?w>pftp?r Union.) 2T ? 1 Concrete Saves World's Only Petrified Bridge So many persons wanted to enjoy the thrill of creeping across this natural bridge near Tucson, Ariz., that the bridge, which is a petrified tree, showed signs of weaken lug. Engineers were called on and reinforced the bridge with concrete. Cafeteria Idea Up to Courts # Suit Involving $13,000,000 May Hang on Bits of Old Wooden Rails. ? By ??. C. TAYLOR Chicago.?The Ideas of two w men ?one In Los Angeles. Calif., and the other In Eeanston, III.?to make It easier for hungry restaurant patrons to gather tbelr own foot! on trays, and bits of old wooden 'alls are be fore the coarts In two states In a fight over $13,000,000. A "defense fund" of $100,000 has been raised by the restaurant men of the conntry to back those women's ideas, and to find other pieces of old wooden rails to take Into court They ' raised the fund, the restaurant own ers' national organization says, be cause If the Ideas of the two women lose In the court battles, those hun gry Americans who prefer to carry their own trays and select their own food In "self-service" eating places will have to pay tl _? $13,000,000, or at least as much of that sum as the courts may allow those who hope to get $13,000,000. Back In 1904 Mrs. Kate yogher was operating an eating plnce In Log An geles. which ghe called n "cafeteria, The Idea wag that cugtomers should help themselves from food pln-ed on counters. They could see what they were getting and take as much or ..s little as they hoped to eat. Tried Years Before. The plan had been tried?and suc cessfully?years before. The Investi gations of the national restaurant men's organization In the $13,000,000 suits have disclosed that a "cafete ria"?probably the first In the United States or the world?avas opened In Chicago's downtown district In 1891. and that shortly after that another was operated hy a working girls' club lb the same city. One of Mrs. Masher's early men pn trong objected to holding his tray while he selected his food, so Mrs, Mosher had a carpenter build wooden rails In front of the counters on which her customers could plnce their trays while they picked out their meat, veg etable^ and lesiert. She also had rails built to keep the customers In line, and to lend them past a cashier, who checked over what they had taken and collected for It before they went to tables to eat their trayfuls. The National Restaurant nggorla | tlon also gays that soon after that Mrs Lillian Davidson, who had opened | a cafeteria In Evanston, got the I same Idea and had similar apparatus built to make It easier for tray-bal anrlng patrons. Those wooden islls were scrapped long ago. of course, but sections of them have been found. Mrs. David son. whose son still operates her cafe teria?now the oldest .n the world? recently discovered a section of well worn wooden roll hidden away In the attic of her home In Evanston. Sec tions of other old rails have been found In Chicago and In Los Angeles and San Francisco, and others are being sought throughout the United States in an effort to prove that such trayralls existed and were used prior to 1907 Find Old Photograph. San Francisco had cafeterias be fore that year, the National Restau rant association contends They have found a twenty-sli-year-old photo graph with which they hope to prove that "self-service'' restaurants with tray-rails were operating In San Fran cisco In 1905. The suits In which these pieces of old rails and the photograph will be offered as evidence are pending In Alabama and Colorado. They charge Infringement of patents, at If the present holders of the patent rights win. say restaurant men, the cafete rln patrons stand to hare $13,000,000 added to their meal -hecks. In 1909 Albert M. Weston of Bos ton applied for a patent covering the tray-ralls and the whole cafeterln Idea. It was grnnted In 1916, and will expire In 1933. The potent Is now held hy Rol landet and Stratton. patent and trade mark attorneys of Denver, Colo. flights for the state of Alabama were sold to the Brltllng Cafeteria company and the first lawsuit, that of the Brltllng 'Cafeteria company against the Plcadilly Cafeteria com pany. was brought before the United States District Court. Northern Dis trict of Alabama. Judge Gruhh of that court held In favor of the owners of the patent rights. The Brltllng case Is now on appeal. Meanwhile, there Is another case awaiting trial In the same court, brought by the Brltllng company against the Morrison Cafeteria com pany. In this case the organised res taurant owners cf the country are tak ing a hand. They will offer their evi dence of prior use of the trny-rnll de vice. The holders of the patent rlgl. s, Bollandet and Stratton, have brought suit also against a cafeteria In Den ver which refused to pay for a license. French Rule Out Air Photos for Map Making Paris.?French colonial officio Is, aft er years of experiment, have -decided that airplane photographs cannot he used to make definite maps of the mil* lions of acres of uncharted colonial territory. Much of It Is virgin forest so thick that engineers cannot work from the ground. The distortion of objects, increasing In proportion to their distance from the center of the plate, and the diffi culty of taking all photographs from the same altitude and under similar light conditions are blamed. It had been planned to spend ten years In the work, by which time half of Africa, now unknown to map mak ers. would have been photographed. Up to the present time only Cochln Chlna. comparatively flat, has been photographed well and particularly because of the ease with which air photos have permitted the mapping of rivers and lakes. At the present time the topography of half of Africa Is unknown, although maps make a pretense at showing the general character of the country. One fourth of Asia and one-sixth of Sooth America, all uninhabited regions, have never been mapped. Pulling of Tooth Causei Death of Young Patient Whitehall. N. T.?Paul Case, eight, died from loaa of blood an a reault of a tooth extraction. At the time of the extraction the gum bled, hut healed shortly afterward. later, however, the bleeding began again and continued for tlx wecka. Pour blood transfusions failed to save bit life. n HHUitmtHiiinnin; ! Hunter Pays Debt by Killing Cougar j ? ! Itlchfleld, Utah. ? Although '? '? \ | l.orel Jensen, deer bunter "par J \ ? > excellence." easily shot tnd ? ? \) killed the buck, he more than J \ ? ? repaid his debt to the deer fam- ? ? 11 lly a short time Inter. ! ?> Jensen shot down a deer-kill- 1 ? !! Ing cougar as the large beast was ! ;1 In full pursuit of a a fawn. A '; !! cougar Is credited with killing ?! ;; several score deer annually. J | 11 n iHimmmi ti nun Lawyers in Texas Must Tell Truth in Court Aualln. Texas.?Texas lawyers must tell the truth In their pleadings pre sented to the state Supreme court under rules that became effective Jan uary 1. If opposing counsel con point oat any misstatement of the record In pre senting the case to the court, he may point It out and the proceedings wlH be dismissed. The rule has been ordered because the court has granted writs of error and gone Into cases on representation of attorneys only to And that the rep resentations upon which the court agreed to review the proceedings were not correct. Yankee Setting for Relics of Middle Ages Gloucester Mass.?Relics of the Middle ages are being recreated In a typical Yankee setting here to sur round tilth a medieval atmosphere the magnificent estate and museum of John Hays Hammond. Jr.. multi-mil lionaire nnd world-fntned Inventor. This Twentieth century castle, pic turesquely overlooking the reef of Norman's Woe, scene of "The Wreck of the Hesperus," promises to become one of the outstanding show places In America. Twenty-four cases of Roman col umns, balustrades, and other frag ments are slowly being constructed Into a Twelfth century cloister at the westerly end of the castle. A Sols sons window nnd a Fifteenth century Venetian wellhead of Parian marble i re among the recently uncrated treas ures. FORCED TO RETIRE Although Charles Henlock has been tending and selecting flowers for the White House for the past 43 years, be must relinquish his duties In the Pres idential greenhouses next March SI. under the retirement age provision of the civil service law. An effort was made to secure an extension for the veteran bead gardener, but In vain. DftUttEwniig tairy iaM?b IN THE BIG SHOW ? . Now there were four elephant* talk ing and they all performed twice every day In a great big show. Sometimes they marched In parades when they stopped at towns, bat In the cities they did not often march. Their regular work, of course, was to perform twice a day. The other performers kept to their same tricks? sometimes trying to add a new one too. ? And the elephants did the same. "Well," said the first elephant. "the lady who used to give us apples has come back again.** "Well now," sr Id the second ele phant, "you don't only care for her because she gives us apples, do you?" "Surely that is not the case,** said the third elephant. *~ "I hope not.** said the fourth ele phant "I should say not," said tne nrst elephant. "That's food," said the second ele phant. Tm glad to hear that," said the third elephant. **I am much relieved to hear It too.** said the fourth elephant. -She Is all well again. She left because she hadn't been feeling so particularly well. But she's in fine health now,- said the first elephant. -That's splendid." said the second elephant. -Simply fine." said the third ele phant "Very fiae Indeed. I am glad to hear It," said the fourth elephant -I remembered her at once," said the first elephant. -Well, we're all supposed to hare good memories," said the second ele phant. "That Is something we're quite fam ous for," said the third elephant -Oh, yes, almost every one has heard about our good memories," said the fourth elephant. -She is going to give as some sp V " Apple* for the Elephant Friends. pies later on today.** said the first elephant. "That makes my mouth water." said the second elephant "Just to hear that is pleasant.** said the fourth elephant. And no sooner had he said this than the lady performer came along with the apples for the elephant friends. She was so glad to be back. They were so glad to have her back. They flapped their great ears and tried to say: "Thank you." And she understood! She knew they were not only glad to have the apples but that they were really happy to hare her back again. B?lueiag Points Every object, however irregular It may be. has a center. It It were hong by the center point, the object would not tip lazily about, but would bal ance. When you stand on the tip of one toe the rest of your body has to be In such a position as to balance over the toe. ? rocking cbalr tip* over when you rock so far back that the center of weight Is thrown behind the supporting rockers. Cut a piece of cardboard In any Ir regular shape. By resting It horizon tally on a pin point, held straight up and down, you ran soon find the point where It balanrea Now. If you thrust the pin through this point and hold the pin horizontally, you will And that the card will stay In the position that yon put It. U Is said to be In equili brium. Equilibrium Is unstable when an ob ject tips over easily or tends to keep moving when changed q little from its original position. A pencil poised on Its point on your finger tip Is an ex ample of extremely unstable equili brium. Unstable objects fall readily to more stable positions. The pencil can be put Into stable equilibrium by sticking a penknife or other weight la v