The Alamance Gleaner ? *? 1 ' ' * ? ? ?? 11 ?" 1 ?^ 1 ??? m ? m ? -? _ ????J VOL. LVII. . GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY MARCH 19, 1931. NO. 7. News Review of Current Events the World Over Soviet Premier Attacks the United States and Secretary of State Stimson Begins Study of the Russian Question. By EDWARD W. PICKARD MUCH attention la being paid these days to our relations with Russia, or the lack of -them. In Mos cow the opening ses ?Ion of the All Union Soviet congress was aroused to wild en thuslasm by s violent attack on the United I States?and Incident -II- -II .11... ?!....It.. I any ail inner tnimni* V. Molotov igtic" countries ? de livered by Viachesluv Molotov, presi dent of the council of people's com missars. which means premier of the Soviet government. Molotov characterized the lack of diplomatic relations with the United States as abnormal and as being part of a plot of European groups, headed by the Vatican, against Soviet Rus sia. He said that twenty countries are having satisfactory relations, ex cept Poland, whose relations might be Improved. He denounced the charges of dump ing and forced labor that have been made against the Soviet government, and declared the American "foolish Fish bill"?framed by Representative Hamilton Fish, Jr., after a congres sional Investigation Into Communist activties?undoubtedly would affect trade relations between the two coun tries. "Ainericn must remember," he de clared. "that the imports of the Union of the Socialist Soviet Republics de pend upon her exports." The premier called the attention of the delegates to a statement by ?n American senator that "a thou sand persons are starving to death dally In the United States." lie asked the delegates to compare this situa tion to that In the U. S. S. R. where, he said, there was no unemployment and no starvation. In Washington it was learn?d that Secretary of State Henry Stiinson Is now devoting most of his time to ? careful study of the Russian question In all Its phases, presumably at the request of President Hoover. That this indicated any important change of policy by the administration was considered unlikely by the well In formed. Indeed. William R. Castle, acting secretary in the absence of Mr. Stimson. said that the letter's study had no significance beyond the fact that the secretarj desired to inform himself more jlosely on the Soviet problem. Since incoming secretary. Mr. Castle pointed out. Mr. Stimson has been devoting^ his time to dis armament. I.atin American affairs, and other problems, leaving no time to study Russia. From the statements of state de partment officials it was gathered that no consideration would be given to (he suggestion that a separate div ision for Russia he established in the state department, und that there was nothing In the "eport that an assist ant secretary of state would be ap pointed to handle Russian affairs. President Hoover ha: In the past stood firmly by the policy that there can be no recognition of Russia be fore the Soviet government agrees to recognize official and private obliga tions to this country and cease propa gnnda intended to overthrow the American government. ' rx icj'i*m#?r iT'rOlf. D ney Thomas C. I T. Crnin of New York county Is liable to lose his job as a re suit of the exposures of corruption In the mugistrates' courts of the metroi>olls. The City club through Its officers filed formal charges against Craln, InofHi'l on i'V .h.tfc...* . ... - - _ j..-, incompetency and mis- ' feasance In office, nd asked that Got. Franklin D. Iioosevelt remove him. The governor promptly appointed Samuel Seahury aa special commis sioner to Investigate the charges and report, back to him. If he sees lit the governor may remove Crnln and name a successor lo serve the remain der ot the year. Sentury already hns been aervlng aa rpeclal referee In vestigating the magistrates' conrts and nil! continue that work. It la expected that .he Craln Inquiry will lead Into the police department and any other department of tbe city gov ernment or phase of political life which may lie related to the district attorney's conduct of his office. Bepubllcan leaders and others are urging that the legislature authorise a thorough nonpartisan Investigation of the entire New York city govern ment* and a mass meeting of citizens was called to promote that plan. IT IS understood now that the new naval treaty between France and Italy will be signed by only those nations and Great Britain. It will not be Incorporated in the London naval treaty of 1930, but both pacts will run concurrently until 11)30. Of flcial expressions of approval of the convention will be asked of both the United States and Japan, but neither will be called on to sign It. because It was recognized that this might em barras8 them owing to the high sub marine tonnage which the pact allots to France. Arthur Henderson. British foreign secretary, made public the terms of the three-power accord In a long mem orandum. They cover three outstnnd ing considerations in the armaments situation. Technical problems of Kit ropean naval power are swept away; renewal of an armaments race such as led to the World war has. It Is hoped, been prevented; success of the world disarmament conference at Geneva next yeai is brought mens urably closer. The basis of t.?e agreement as out lined !fe the detailing of the limits of both the French and Italian building programs In nil fleet categories until 1930. It Is estimated by naval experts that France will continue to hold a superiority of about 137.000 tons over the Italian fleet, although ? his Is not stated explicitly In the memorandum. ONE of the State department's most valuable men. Undersecre tary Joseph Potter Cotton, died In Baltimore after a long illness nnd two severe operations for spinal Infec tion. Mr. Cotton, who was llfty-tlve years old and a native of Ithode Is land. worked under President H.mver when the latter was food adminis trator and later secretary of com merce. He was appointed to the state department post In 1929 and made n reputation for nls frank and direct diplomatic methods. OLIVER WEN- | dell Holmes, the I grand old man of the Supreme court of the United States, cele brated his ninetieth birthday on Sunday, and received at his home the affectionate congratulations o f countless friends and admirers. In the eve ning the venerable as sociate Justice made his first radio speech. Justice Holmes utter listening lo the tributes of Chief Justice Hughes and others. Justice Holmes suld, Ihro'igh the microphone: "In this syni|ioslum my part Is only to sit In silence. To eipress one's feelings ns the eno draws near Is too Intimate a task. "Hut I may mention one thought that comes to me as a listener In," be added. "The riders In a rare do not stop short when they reach the goal. There Is a little finishing canter be fore coming to a standstill. There Is time to hear the kind voices of friends and to say to one's self: 'The work Is done.' But Just as one says that the answer comes: The rare la over, but the work never Is done while the power to work remains.' The canter that brings yon to a standstill need not be only coming to rest. It cannot be, while you still live, for to live Is to function. That is all there Is to liv ing." Next day Jnstlce Holmes achieved his ambition of hardlng down a decis ion after be was ninety. In It the Su preme court ruled that within the meaning of the motor vehicle theft act an alrplabe Is not a motor vehicle. STEALING a march on the Insurgent Republicans and Democrats, the Republican national committee an nounced the organization of an ad visory council for agiicniture. with Senator-Elect L. J. Dickinson ot Iowa as Its chairman. The other member* are Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas and Representative* Roliert G. Sim mons of Nebraska and Fred S. I'ur nell of Indiana. Thh council will have headquarters In Washington end la the West, and will Immediately be gin work In the com and wheat belt*. One of Its purposes. It was staled. Is to be the "dissemination of accurate Information regarding the various con structive step* the administration has taken to old the formers end to en re them from bankruptcy In t Ills critics I period of economic depression and drought." Two days after this announcement was made, the Insurgents opened their scheduled conference the purpose of which was to demonstrate that the Hoover administration did little If anything to relieve the economic de presslon In the country. Five sessions were held, each devoted to discussion, of a major topic. Seantor Borah, who still advocates the export debenture, presided over the session on farm re lief; Senator Norris. chairman of the conference, presided over the public utilities session; Senator Cutting over the representative government ses slon. and Senator-Fleet Coatignn of Colorado over that devoted to the tariff. All of these except Costlgan are nominally itepuhlicans. ONK more campaign Issue was pro vlded* for the Democrats when President Hoover veloed the Wagner hill for a reorganized employment service. Hven If the measure is again introduced and passed by the next congress, the Democrats are sure to make the veto one of their principal talking [mints, claiming the bill should have been enacted and signed at the height of the business depression Empress n a o iiko of .inpan has given birth to a daughter, her fourth, und the Imperial fami ly and the Japanese ant Ion Hre rejoicing am celebrating. Rut he Joy is mainly over the safety of the new princess and her mother, and there is little concealment or the disappointment that the child Is not a a?a ? son. The throne of . a pan can pass only to male descendants of the sun goddess and Emperor Hlrohlto Is yet without a direct heir to carry on the line that has been unbroken for many centuries. Prince Chlchlhu, the em peror's next younger brother, contin ues to he the heir presumptive. S(JOKES of towns and villages In the Balkans, In Jugoslavia, Bul garia and Greece, have been wrecked by earthquake shocks, and the dend. though officially put at 150. probably numbered nearer 1,000. The temblors continued for several days. King Alex ander of Jugoslavia and King Boris of Bulgaria both left their capitals and personally directed the relief work in the stricken districts, which was carried on effectively by the lied Cross. Terrific gales, accompanied by snow and extreme cold, swept over most of Europe during the week, and flooded rivers, blocked highways and delayed trains added t the distress. The Is land of Mauritius was devastated by a hurricane that killed a number of persons and left iO.UOO homeless. | Northwestern Japan had an earth quake that destroyed many houses. PERU'S new provisional president Is Lieut. Col. David Samanea Ocatn po, and he has assumed the office in Lima after flying there from Arequlpa. Oeanipo was the head of the "southern Junta" which was set up by Arequlpa revolutionaries. He and his followers, to bring peace to the country, gave up their regime In favor of the new Junta at the capita., and Ocampo was promptly put at the head of the gov ernment. R( TtETARY of the ^ Interior has ac cepted the hid of the Six Companies. Inc.. of San Francisco, which offered to build the Hoover dam, pow er house and appurt enant works at the itnulder canyon proj ect foi f48.8n0.9hfl. I t.U huge engineering W M W.ttie ,0a' "" "" w. n. wattis underIaken the United State*, will be directed for the present from a hospital In Ran Francisco, for Wllllain H. Wattis. president of the Six Companies, Is confined In the institution. The entire project. Including erec tion of s dam and power house. In stallation Of machinery and building of a canal. Is estimated to cost the tremendous total of f 10b,000,000. NAVY department officials announce that contracts for the construc tion of at least six of the eleven de | stroyers appropriated for during the short session of congress will be awarded early this summer. The de signs for the new destroyers call for the largest, most heavily armed, fastest and most seaworthy vessels of this class ever built for the Unit ed States fleet. They will have a speed of 40 miles an hour, weigh 1.MU Inns each, carry .Vlnch guns an/I. In addition, havs a large fuel carry Ing capacity to provide a larger ra dlus of actloo. til 1?S1 wasters Newspaper Ualee.) Gathering Russian Grain to Dump on Markets Giving an Idea of bow Russia Is engaged In gathering all the wheat raised throughout the vast domain in order to dump It on the world's markets st a low price, this photograph of one of the stations In Asiatic Russia shows peasants bringing In their grain. Tree That Has Changed Maps Cinchona, Source of Quinine, Has Given 300 Years of Service to Man. Washington.?Cinchona, source of quinine, whose 300 years of service to civilized man was recently celebrated, has probably done more than any oth er tree to change the map of the world, according to a bulletin from the National Geographic society. "The bark of this once unknown tree that grew wild In the forests of South America has made habitable to white men thousands of tropical areas that formerly were death traps," says the bulletin. "The powerful enemy that cinchona fights so successfully Is malaria. Be fore the discovery of cinchona and Its action, little could be done to com bat 'ague,' 'marsh fever,' and 'Jungle fever,' as malaria was called. It at tacked tens of millions of persons In the tropics and the warmer and moist regions of the temperate zones, and caused millions of deaths. It Is be lieved by some historians that mnlnrla. nurtured In the marshes of the Cnm pagna, had an Important part In bring ing about the fall of Home. "In Greece, too, this energv-snpplng disease is supposed to have played an Insidious role; and there are some who explain the passing of the myste rlous Maya civilization of Central America as a surrender to the Joint attacks of malaria and yellow fever. Malaria Dangerous Enemy. "It was when white men began to live In the tropical countries that they came to realize that malaria (or the various aliases under which it passed) was an exceedingly dangerous enemy. Many of the early colonists in Mex ico. Central and South America, India and the East Indies died of the die ease. And then the tropics at least partially squared their debt by fur nishing the one drug so far discovered that can successfully combat malaria. "The cinchona tree was first found growing wild In fosests on the moun tain slopes of Colombia. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Tradition has it that the value of the bark In treating malarial fever was first discovered when rome fever-stricken Indians drank from a pool Into which a cin chona tree had fallen, and were cured. "Medicine made from cinchona bark was first used .n treating white suf ferers from fever In northern Peru (now Ecuador) about 1630. After It saved the life of the Countess of Chinchon. wife of the viceroy of Peru, In 1638 Its fame grew rapidly. It Is to this happy cure that the tree owes Its name, for In honor of the countess. Linnaeus named It Cinchona, inadver tantly dropping the first *b.' "The powdered bark was soon aft erward Introduced Into Spain and other parts of Europe where It was known as *Countess powder* and 'Jesuits' powder.' The latter name was attached to It because much of It was taken to the Old World, distributed by members of the religious order return ing from America. In England It was advertised as 'Fearer Bark.' A marked demand developed and within a cen tury or so the shipment of the bark from northwestern South America bo came an Important Industry. The de mand for more and more bark resulted In the destruction of all cinchona trees In reasonabl* reach of civilized centers, and there seemed danger that the trees might be exterminated. Java Now Center for Cinchona. "But the world had become so de pendent on the bitter drug from cin chona that botanists and merchants and statesmen combined to save the Industry by transplanting It. Hants and seeds were collected about the middle of the Nineteenth century (In many cases secretly) and transported to India, Ceylon, and Java. The In dustry failed In Ceylon, but Java Is now the world's chief producer of cinchona with India second In Impor tance. Relatively small quantities of the bnrk are now exported from South America. "By Nature's strange chemistry there Is manufactured In the bark of certain species to th cinchona tree a substance?quinine?that Is sure death to the tiny microscopic parasites that, living In the blood, cause malaria. The drug also has a preventive effect, so thut It Is indispensable to both suf ferers from malaria and those who will be exposed to the disease. The Indian government finds quinine so Important that it maintains extensive groves of cinchona, fosters its growth by private horticulturists, nnd oper ates factories In which quinine Is ex tracted from the hark. Finally the government uses Its postal machinery to help distribute the medicine so that one may purchase It as easily as he can buy a stamp." Connecticut Man Haa Second Silver Wedding West Haven. Conn.?Former I'olice Chief Robert French, seventy-two, has just received the felicitations of his 10 children and nine grandchildren on the occasion of his second silver wedding anniversary. French's first wife, who bore him all the children, died soon nfter celebrating their twenty-fifth an nlversary. He remarried. 1 Miami Places Ban on Crowing Fowls I i? Miami, Kla.?Miami objects In ? r aDd ,ak|ng his hands from the controls, landed It gently and slowly. DADDY'S ffl EVENING ||S HURYIAIll^a ^MaryGraham Bonner i IN THE SWAMP "I have such a nice suit," said Mr, Fox Sparrow. "It Is stylish, I think, to wear a reddish brown coat and a spotted waistcoat. "And yonr dress Is nice, too." "Ah. yes," agreed Mrs. Fox Spar row, "I am so much pleased with my own dress. "I like to moult and improve my feathers, but I like to have them come back the same way as they were, that is the same color and of the same kind." "Perhaps its because of our reddish brown feathers that we are called fox sparrows." said Mr. Fox Sparrow. "Are foxes reddish brown, and have they feathers?" asked Mrs. Fox Spar row. "Ob no, my love," smiled Mr. Fox Sparrow. "Foxes haven't feathers. "They have fur. And their for, I believe, is of different colors. "Sometimes it is gray, and soma* times, it is true. It Is red. "So perhaps, you see. because thera is red in our feathers, the same red dish shade which foxes have in their fur, that we are called fox aparrown* "Well, were settled for the mer," said Mrs. Fox Sparrow. "It nice and cool here, and in the winter we were south where It wss nice and warm. "What a fine swamp we lived 1% and what nice old leaves we used to dig up, so as to find out what wax underneath. "We were like people who used tx dig for hidden treasures." "Yes." said Mr. Fox Sparrow, "and we were like chickens, hens and They Sang the Most Glorious Song, roosters, for they die and scratch tho earth to see what they can find. "It was such fun to look nnder tho leaves and to stop to talk over what we had found. "We did have ji fine winter. What are your plana now?" "I'm going to build a nest," said Mrs. Fox Sparrow, "of moss and soft grass for a lining, and I shall put la some nice feathers, too. so It will ba comfortable when the five little green ish-blue eggs which I shall soon lay turn into birdlings. "The eggs will have nice Uttle red dish brown spots on them, which shows that they are to have reddish brown feathers later on. "Of course that doesn't follow with i most birds, but I like to think of tho ! dear little reddish-brown birds thero I will be when the reddish-brown spots and the greenish-blue eggs turn Into precious little babies." Then they sang the most glorious song, for the fox sparrows have beau tiful, clear and musical voices. They were so bappy thinking of ths 1 birdlings there would soon be and they talked of swamp life with such happiness. In fact all around the birds knew that soon the little birdlings would rive for the fox sparrows sang so beautifully and so joyously and so happily. Soon they were joined by other Mr. and Mrs. Fox Sparrows and they sang and made tbelr plans In ths same way. RIDDLES What fish carried a weapon? Sword flab. ... When la a stupid boy like a Jungl.l When he Is dense. * ? . What la necessary to a farmer t* assist him? System. ? ? . When does a man remind yon of n candle? When he smokes as he goen ont ? ? ? What la that which makes every thing visible, yet Is Itself unseen? Light ... Why Is a vanity case like a blank cartridge? Because It la all powder and puff.