Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / July 16, 1931, edition 1 / Page 1
Part of The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
The Alamance Gleaner j VOL. LVII. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY JULY 16, 1931. ' ' NO. 24. | News Review of Current Events the World Over Hoover Moratorium Plan, With French Modifications, in Effect?Great Britain Calls Conference to Work Out Details. i By EDWARD W. PICKARD MUTUAL conces sions by the United States and France, obtained by clever negotiation, re sulted In the accept ance of the Hoover moratorium plan In principle by the French government. All other Important nations already had accepted, so President Hoover announced that the plan might Julius Curtlus bit considered as In effect as of date ?f July 1. Brefly summarized, the agreement provides that debtor governments shall be relieved of payments due be tween July 1, 1931, and July 1, 1932, aggregating approximately 800 mil lions of dollars. Germany will be re lieved of reparations payments to the former allied and associated govern ments totaling nearly 400 millions of dollars. Great "Britain, France, Italy, Bel glum, and other debtors will be re lieved of war debt payments approxi mating 400 millions. The greatest sacrifice will be made by the United States, which will fore go war debt receipts totaling 260 mil lions Beginning July 1, 1933, the deferred reparations and war debt payments will be paid in Installments during a ten-year period, in addition to the reg ular current payments. Payment by Germany of conditional reparations totaling 243 millions will be unreservedly suspended. Germany will be required, however, to pay the unconditional reparations, amounting to $130,000,000, with the understand ing that this amount In full will be loaned back to Germany. A loan of about 23 millions will be made to Central European countries If necessary by the federal reserve banks of the United States and Euro pean central banks The accord reached was entirely*1 satisfactory to both the Americans gnd the French. President Hoover gained his chief point, the gist of the whole plan, for Germnny does not have to pay any International debta for one year. The French statesmen congratulate themselves because the accord calls for the moral support of the signatories In getting a private loan for France's central European friends and lays upon Germnny moral responsibility for not using her mora torium saving for armaments. Foreign Secretary Julius Curtlus and Chuncellor Bruenlng of Germany, M course, are pleased -beyond expres sion. and the former paid warm trib ute to the work accomplished In Paris by Secretary Mellon. The German tress, however, professes to be dis gusted with the compromise, several Influential papers declnrlng that It wrecks the plan entirely. In concluding his announcement of the agreement. President Hoover touched on the question of world dis armament, which he considers the sec dad feature of his program for re storing economic prosperity. HAVING ably seconded Jdr. Hoo ver's effort to bring about the n^Oratorium, the British government called a conference of the powers to work out the details of the plan. The ptamlersand foreign ministers are to meet In London, and It Is expected Secretary Stlmson will participate as an official observer when bg reaches England. This conference will meet from time te time far several months. It Is un derstood. and may continue to func tloa for several years. - I - , [ VICE PRESIDENT Cortli came out In the open In earn eat opposition to the poll dee of the federal farm board, and. In company with Sena tor Arthur Capper of Kaiuea, went before Chairman Stone and Carl Williams of the hoard to urge that It change Its stand con ebralng Its wheat Charles Curtis noiainga. XO( two moudi argura hit hotjre that thla wheat ahould not be pat> oa the aaarket until the price reached 86 casta, hot Mr. Stone re faded ha sake any each pledge. Be SM| Mate, howotar. that the hoard would net edter any of Ha wheat at tha pteaaat law pricea Bat ha made It plalD that the board would nhlda by Its policy enunciated July Ir'whlch wa? that It would feel free to sell up to a cumulative maximum of five mil lion bushels a month for the next year. * Mr. Curtis' activity In the contro versy over the board's wheat hold ings has been Interpreted as indicat ing a desire on his part to avoid re nomlnatlon for the vice presidency and to run for the Kansas senator ship which he formerly held. When asked about his political plnns, he re plied "They'll not get anything out of me for at least three months." Senator Watson of Indiana. Repub lican leader of the senate, also has been trying to Influence the farm board, arguing for 02 cents, which Is said to be the average price paid by the stabilization corporation for Its wheat, as the figure below which the board should not sell. Senator Wil liam E. Borah, Insurgent Republican of Idaho and chairman of the agri cultural committee named at the "progressive conference" Inst Mnrch, has Insisted that the board defer all sales until wheat goes to 11.25. SECRETARY OF STATE STIMSON Is having a pleasanter time on his European vacation than has fallen to the lot of Secretary of the Treasury Mellon. Starting too late to get mixed up In the moratorium negotiations. Mr. Stlmson arrived at Naples Tues day on the steamship Conte Grande, accompanied by Mrs. Stlmson. He was met by Ambassador Garrett, and, fol lowing a visit to Pompeii and Hercu laaeum, went to Rome by automobile. Thurday evening he called on Premier Mussolini at the Palazzo Venezla and later met him at a dinner given by the American embassy. In Mr. Stlm son's honor the ruins of the ancient Roman Forum, Just beyond the t'apl tollne hill, were brlllinntly lighted sp at night. The secretary's European vacation will last two months and he will de vote considerable time to an Investi gation of conditions on the continent. DR. JOSEPH L France, former United States senator from Maryland, evP dently was In deadly earnest when recently be announced that he was a candidate for the Republican nomi nation for the Presi dency In 1932. Already he has started on his summer campaign.and his many friends are Or. J. I. Franc* helping to |he extent of their powers. The dolnga began with n public meet ing at Mount Ararat farms, the doc tor'! country ealute In Cecil county, Maryland. Very soon. It la expected, he will make a tour through the grain states of the West. Assisting France In getting his cam paign under way are Jonathan Hourne, former senator from Oregon and head of the Republican publicity bureau during the Wilson administration,and Lyle Itader. who la described as "a prominent New fork chemist and Bl- . ble speaker." Doctor France says that on his trip In the West he will give his reasons for seeking the Presidential nomina tion and will dlscnsa "the grace world crlsls'and Its remedy through the ap plication of the principle of righteous ness to economic, social and Interna tional problems." THOUGH It U un derstood In Rome tbnt Tope Plus nnd Premier Mussolini have both decided to ?void any precipitate action In their contro versy, tbejr continue to hammer at each other with encyclicals and newspaper arti cles. The pope stead ily maintains that the church Is sulTerlna persecution at the Mgr. Sorgo rv clni-Duca hand! of the Fascist rnlers of Italy, hot for the present at least he will not consider the withdrawal of the papal nondo to Rome. Hp. Borgon ctnl-Doca. The nuncio, for bis part, has been doing all he eon Id to bring stent a peaceful settlement of the qaarreL The pete's latest encyclical dealt severely with the Fascist position am 9m rtwtha e< yoeth, sad was characterized by the Italian press as u return to the medieval conceptions about the respective authority of the church and state. Copies of the docu ment were not only distributed In the churches of Rome, but also were sent out of the country by special couriers ?which action drew Fascist ridicule. BEFORK the convention of the Great Lakes-Hudson Waterways association In Albany, N. \\. Senator Copeland and Representative Hamil ton Fisli of the Umpire state nnd various others attacked the proposed St. Lawrence ship canal and urged that congress begin ns soon as possi ble the construction of nil-American waterways from the Great Lakes to tlie Atlantic seaboard by way of the Mohawk valley and the Hudson, as a means to relieve unemployment. It was declared by the speakers that the St. Lawrence canal was con sidered only because the farmers of the Middle West wanted It for an outlet for their surplus,grain, and Mr. Fish said the Russian wheat situa tion "now makes the building of a ship canal through Canada a fantas tic myth." MAYBE there will be another war In South America before long. Dispatches from Asuncion, Paraguay, said that Senor Guachaila, minister from Bolivia, sent a note to the for eign office declaring he had been or dered by his government to suspend diplomatic relations between the two nations. The Paraguayan government replied with the announcement that it had ordered its minister to Bolivia to return home. Don't ask what It'a all about.' Peru has been having a little war of its own?government versus rev olutionists. The other day the rebels were defeated at Huambutio and the city of Cuzco, their headquarters, was taken. The revolters thereupon fled to the Jungle, and probably little more will be heard of them. MEXICO'S quarrel with the Church of Rome^s now cen tered In the state of Vera Crux and the prospects of a peace ful settlement are growing more and more remote. In pro test against the re cently enacted law of the state limiting the number of priests. Rt. Rev. Rafael C.ulxar BlshopValencIa Valencia, bishop of Vera Crux, has In structed all Catholics of the stnte to ab stain from attending dances theaters and other festivities until the conflict between the church and government Is ended. The bishop also has In structed his priests- to keep their churches open, even If the state for bids services conducted by priests. JOSEF STALIN has made public the new policy of Soviet Russia In dealing with the bouffeeolsle and the kulaks of well-to-do fnrmers. These classes, hitherto suppressed, persecuted aBd exiled, are now to be conciliated to an extent If they will consent to co-operate with and Inbor for the Soviet regime. The rulers of Russia have discovered that the brains and skill of the old order are needed to meet the growing demands of agricultural and Industrial devel opment. As part of the new order of things Stalin also presented a program en tailing radical changes In the govern ment's policy toward Inbor and Indus try to Insure the success of the flve yenr plan. DILI.Y BURKK of Greenwich. Conn., 'profeaalonaI golfer whose real name I* Burkowakl?he la a I'ole? la the new open golf champion of the United Stateu. wear ing the crown which Bohhy Jonea laid aalde. In the tourna ment on the Inrerneaa coarae at Toledo, Burke and George Billy Burk* von Rim of Detroit tied tor nrst place with cards of 292. Next day they undertook lo play off the tie at 36 holes, and again tied. So on Monday the second play-off was staged and Burke won by a margin of one stroke, finishing the longest tourney In golf history. Bnrke had a total of .189 strokes for the 144 holes played In the Ave days of their battle, and Von Rim had .100. This was slightly over an sverage of 4 for each bole. NOTABLE among the deaths of the week was that of John Hrlsben Walker In Brooklyn. For many years he was often In the public eye as a soldier, business man. writer and edi tor and crusader for world peace. The duke of Aosta. cousin of lbs king of Italy, also paaaed away, to the great sorrow of the Italian people. Be woo considerable fame In the World war. Wtniwobnlbwaweoikai - I DRABNESS 1 I THAT LIES 1 I WITHIN | g By FANNIE HURST xj <? br McClure Newspaper Syndicate.> (WNU Service.) THERE la an all too large pro portion of hunan beings who Bnd life a dull business. Certain definite conditions of our civilization contribute to that pa thetic end and help bring about the sin and tba shame of It Life, so abort at Its best, should be. If the lit tle god-of-thlngs-as-they-ought-to-be la at all merciful, anflnterval crowded with light But we go ahead and cram man Into tin sometimes too tightly fitting shoe of civilization, cramp him mentally and physically In to routine work, stnltlfy his Imagina tion by crucifying him on the cross of day-by-day stark reality and un less the Individual develops the pow er and glory of resistance to mere ex ternals, the result Is dangerously apt to be drab. Nor Is this quality of drabness nec essarily confined to special social planes. It can hang In a pall over the rich and poor alike. Conspire as all these eternal conditions pf society may, against the Individual, It Is un doubtedly a matter whlcb lies within bis power whether be will succumb or resist the deadllness of finding life drab. As a matter of fact, even though so many of our lives seem tinned and clasMfled, the way out Is via the In tellect, more than through release from routine. But the difficulty Ilea in Its obviousness. There Is a certain experiment which is commonly practiced on college classes In psychology. The professor holds up a chart containing various pictures, sentences, figures, objects, characters and colors. The class Is permitted to gaze upon the chart for the period of a moment or two and at the end of that time each member re cites what he has seen. The almost Invariable result Is a flue commentary upon the varying de gree of thoroughness with which In dividuals observe. The majority of the class usually observes minimum. Some few have been alert to most of the objects, colors and characters, but only a select minority really sees In detail and with power of observation the contents of the chart. Life can he drab because most of us are so busy missing the most of It, the aspect of It that Is free for all. The adventure of Ah-.- adventure that lies In our reach; the exeltment of curiosity. The desire to know. In tellectual curiosity, meaning the de sire and the vitality and the Interest to delve Into every minute aspect of life that presents Itself, Is the gate way to experience. Practically all the great figures of. history have been blessed with It. To Caesars, Napole ons, Roosevelts, life cannot be com monplace, because so little appears to them as commonplace. Vigorous, seek ing minds are not easily bored. It Is fair to assume that Just as much of life Is lying about- us In our dally routine, as there Is compressed between the leaves of books. Anyway It Is worth seeking, and the way' to seek Is to take nothing for granted. A subway Jam contains enough of the possibility of adventure to blow up New York harbor. Scratch the cu ticle of your desk neighbor and you will find the mystery of n pulsating, desiring, planning, scheming human being. Intellectual curiosity about people, places, street scenes, books, and above all, the desire to study and know the people who happen to be Inhabiting this planet called earth, during your same Interval here, sim ply will not permit life to become drab. That must be why the sort of hu man beings In whom you are Impelled to confide your difficulties, problems, amours, seem always so filled with s certain power and strength. They are Interested In people. They command confidence by wanting It Nobody Is Just a person. Men and women are people! Exdtlng. problematic, subtle, dangerous, appealing, provocative, magnetic, repellent, allurlog and hu man. And In the midst of this melee of the excitement of being human among bumans, each of us Is privi leged to live his life. Just around the corner la no more to me, than It Is to you. The unknown lurks there for one and for all. Intellectual curios ity is a magic carpet which can whisk yon out of yourself, and yet how ap palling, when one stops to consider, the lethargy toward life that falls to the lot of so many. Tbe books that are ?ever opened. Tbe confidences mat aro never given or received. Tbe friendships that are never made be cam two particular haman beings had not the curiosity to want to know I When It Is said of a mnn that he Is a good mixer It usually means that his life Is crammed with Interests of various sorts. Who wants to know people, because he knows thnt within them lies the secret of keeping life quick with Interest. He does not find life drab, chledy because be Is not drab. The same applies to the light that lies In the eyes of the bookworm. Strange thrills are his, strange reac tions to beauty, because be has bad the curiosity to go seeking them. It Is not only to those destined to walk high places or to roam the world that excitement of life can come. On the contrary. If the drabness lies within yon, for those who see not. It Is as equally boring to roam the world as It Is to ride dally In the subway to ward your Job. If not, then you are one of those to be-envled persons who sees with Joy ous, alert eyes the color, the shape, the significance of every object on the professor's chart and It requires no genius nor special equipment to do so. Just a deliberate lov#of life and a will to live It for all It In worth (and to such a person It Is worth a great deal) and since we are all of us i occupied with,the business of living It, how Joyful to be living It Joy- i fully 1 There is great deal of bubbling optimism which manifests Itself In the so-called drub places of life; one la Inclined to think Just as much. If not more, than-fhere Is In the make np of the synthetic kind of Joys manu factured by the rich. Men digging ditches look no more oppressed with the heaviness of life than men sitting In opera boxes. No one can fairly blame his Internal drabness upon ex ternals, at least If we are to Judge by the Interchangeablenesa of human reactions. The rich can be drab; the poor can be drab and both can be drab. Dull days come more readily to some than to others. Tou hear peo ple say they are never bored. They cannot be drnb Inside. What they find In life may make them suffer as easily as It may bring them Joy, but the unhappy medium Is boredom. To be neither pained nor surprised; delighted nor depressed with life be cause the Interior is a vast moor? gray?unllghted with Interest or In tellectual curiosity, Is to be dead on your feet. . Boredom Is the emotion of a vege table. Episcopal Altar Vestments In altar vestments In the Episcopal church white Is used on all feasts and at all seasons relating to our Lord, such as Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, etc.; to the Blessed Virgin, and to those saints who were not also martyrs; at dedication and harvest festivals; at wedding and confirma tions. and generally at the burial of Infants. Red Is used on the feasts of martyrs and at Whltsuntfde. Green Is used after the Epiphany and for the long summer season of Trinity and on all doys which are not feasts or fasts. Violet Is used throughout Ad vent, Septungeslma and l.ent and on Vigils, Ember days and Rogation days. Black Is used only on Good Friday, on All Souls' Day and at Offices for the dead. Ancient Well Discovered The discover; of un (indent well during excavations for the terminus of the London Tube railway extension from Flnsbury park has revived stories of the notorious ghost' of Sir Geoffrey de Mnndevllle. earl of Essex, who, according to local legend, was drowned In a well at Barnet. In 1144. Sir Geoffrey's ghost Ir said to haunt the district every Christmas. Fre quent attempts have been made to dis cover this well, at the bottom of which, the legend says, Is a heavy Iron chest containing precious stones. At this spot Is laid the scene of the mnrder of Lord Dalgarno In Sir Wal ter Scott's "Fortunes of Nigel." Foolish Worry To worry Is merely to waste energy on the unknown. Until you know what tomorrow has In store for you, yon are wasting yonr time by worrying. It would be much better to do some solid thinking, some constructive planning. Worry Is a negative sort of thing. A crisis needs something positive, and hope Is always a better standby In time of tronble than despair. Hope at least prepares ns to be ready to greet the unknown tomorrow with a willing ness and a preparedness to turn to ad vantage whatever may turn up.?Ex change. Dancing Pavilion at Sea A dancing pavilion at Elslnore, Calif., Is constructed on the lines of a boat and when the party Is assem bled the boat moves out to sea on a track which has been laid under the water, but the "boat" never leaves the rails. The dancers get the romance ef the sen and the moon and an that as well as the refreshing breeae from the water. The experience answers all the pot poses at a moonlight ex Alaska's Rmhandb IPT ?"? A J wr %%% v-#? ? Geographic Harbor on Southern Coaet of Alaska Peninsula. (Prepared by the National Geographic Society. Washington. D. C.) PLANS of Colonel and Mr*. Lind bergh to fly to the Orient and their first reported intention to fly westward focuses attention on the air ronte to Asia along Alaska's southeast "panhandle." the great Alas ka peninsula and the Aleutian Islands, all under American Jurisdiction; Kam chatka, a part of the Sorlet Colon; and the Knrlle Islands, northern exten sion of Japan. The ronte Is an Ideal one as far as landing places are concerned for planes fitted with pontoons, for while most of the gronnd Is rough, there are Innumerable cores and harbors among the Islands and In their In dented coastlines. The ronte was first shown to be practicable by the group of United States army flyers who flew arennd the world In 1924. The first leg of the route, after the United States proper Is left, leads over the straits along the west coast of British Colombia, then orer the Island-stndded Inland Passage of southeast Alaska. Beyond the north ern end of the Inland Passage comes the open water of the Gulf of Alaska until Kodlak Island Is reached, sonth of the Alaska peninsula, ft Is from the tip of this penlnsnla that the 1,100 mlle crescent of the Aleutian Island chain sweeps otr toward Asia. The Aleutians are rolcanlc. a fact made plain by the first and largest of the "stepping stones." Unimak. Al though It has an area only a little larger than Rhode Island, so many craters occnr on Unimak Island that there Is often a great deal of confu sion as to the location of the various eruptions reported. Mount Shishat dln. often reported nctive. Is the most striking und beautiful of the eleven major craters of the Island. It has one of the most nearly perfect cones In the world, seeming to float sus pended In fhe air above Its cloud-girt base. What Unimak la Llks. Despite Unlmak's size and Its sep aration from the mainland of Alaska by only a narrow strip of water. It ta of little Importance. There nre no good harbors around Its shores and only one settlement. Tape Alslt Til lage. Is listed. Cod Ashing on the great hanks to the sonth of the Island, which are sim ilar to those of Newfoundland, and the mining of small quantities of sulphur and pumice stone are the principal In dustries. The Inhabitants are mostly the remnants of the original native tribes found here by the Itusslans In the eighteenth century. I.Ike Its sister Islands, ("nlmak Is In general desolate and scraggy along Its rocky, grass-covered lower slopes. It Is treeiess. and. except for Its heavy rainfall and fogs, has a delightful cli mate. Summers In L'nlmnk are cooler than places farther north, while In winter th- weather Is milder than that of Tennessee or Kentucky, twenty degrees of latitude farther south. The warm Japan current, which creeps up the const of Asia and around the Aleutians, glres It a January aver age of thirty degrees above zero. The American world flyers remem ber Unimak as part of one of the most difficult stages In their globe elrcllng trip. Port Moller, the com munity to which Major Martin made his way on font after his plans crashed. Is about 130 miles farther east. The district presented the same pitfalls for aviators as Unlmnk. con ical peaks and sharp ridges rising sud denly out of dreary fog-hidden tundras and marshes. Portage Ray. where a forced landing was made. Is on the mainland opposite Kodlnk Island, but la similar to the few Indentations of Unl mak'a shoreline, with rocky cliffs and treacherous sand shoals. The Aleutians, however, tare an added handicap In the "willle-waqs.'' cyclonic winds peculiar to the region and probably attributable to the meet ing of the cold winds from the north and the warm breezey from the Japan current. Unalaska. a hundred miles farther east, la the second largest of. the Aleutians. On It Is situated Dutch Harbor, pott of call for vessels plying betneeu Seattle and Nome. Thfc har bor hat deep water at tta wharves and a protected anchorage that could ac commodate the largest battle fleet. The abort eat sea route between Seattle and Yokohama (the great circle rente) Ilea practically through Dutch Harbor, and It may some time become aa Im portant coaling and prorlakmlng point. Because of the dangers from fogs and rocks, howerer. ships now swing weB sooth of the Aleutians. Only a hew natives and whites lire at Dateh Har bor. The Aleutians were born of rot es nlc action, and the activity la not yet spent Bogoslof Wand, some SO miles from Dutch Harbor, is i unties ally changing Its form, rearing eon smoking promontory after another shore the wares and wfthdiawlag others. Volcanoes are to be fonnd In the Aleutians la every stage of develop mcnt: young and aged volcanoes, active and dormant, not only cones whose symmetry rivals that sf Fajt yams, hot also the Jagged stamps ad mountains that hare been Mown In bits by recent rotenntc I ipliWena. Vulcsnologjsts consider It one of the best known fields for the study of the problems of volcaDisss. Attn la the eaateraanat of the A lew tin n islands. 2.700 miles from the ceaet of Washington state. Bite nee the In ternational Date Line lies last btjnnd Attn, an airman, rising from the Island to continue his flight, plunges directly Into another day withost the tapes of tny time. Thoa. If he starts flam this westernmost America station Monday morning, he will he flying a few moments later In the moaning Of the day that to the Eastern hi sale phere Is Tuesday. Traveling In Kamchatka. The Aleutian route striken tae naia land of Ada at the coast ef Kamchatka. 4.V) milea east of Attn. This pea lass la and the country north of tt to the Baring strait contains a Ian* area of tandra or Arctic plains; soft Hi not? win a?a daring the few Booths of saanaer: frozen, anow-co?ered wastes la wtafv. In the bifber land Impeaetrahle noder brnsh springs op In sammer. What little trace! Is possible at this ssaasm Is done on the backs of stsrdy ponies who most wade op the shallow stria? or plod through the stick? as amps. In winter travel Is eaaj. Teams of dogs and reindeer whisk laden sledges over the frozen surface of the screams and across the snow of the tandra at a rate, under favorable clrrnmsfaaeee. of 75 miles or more a dag. In the summer the curse of the moist regions of the notch strikes the Kamchatkan country: swaiuis of mos quitoes and flies thicken the air and make life miserable for all IIring things. The nomadic flee with their herds of reindeer to the sea coast, where the breezes (Ire some relief. The Kamchatkan peninsula proper Is about 750 miles In length, and tha distance from Its roots to Beting strait Is an equal distance. From the southern tip of Kamchat ka the Kutile Islands sweep south ward to the major Islands of Japan. This distant string of fog-enshrouded, storm-lashed Islands Is the moat west erly group of the notth Pacific's hrldgs of Islands. Like the Aleutians, tha Knriles are a string of rolcanlc peaks, dead and alive, whoae smoking heada protrude shore the cold and stormy waters of the North radfle and staka out the Sea of Okhotak. Thus, they form a haren tor the Japanese fishermen who swarm orer this Island-girt sea In summer. Stretching between Kam chatka and the Japanese Island of Yezo, they hnre loag been known .o the Rosninns who exploited their vala | nble torn. Not until recent years hare the Jnpeneee become Interested In theae next door neighbors The desolate Islands are to cradle of blizzards," hazards to the mariner and nrlator alike. Storms and aqoalls spring sp from nowhere, low-lying fogs hug the water's surfhee In spring and summer, hidden rocks lie In wait for the unwsry navigator and uwtft currents race through narrow straits. However, the loet sailor may tell when he In close by the rant flelds of brown seaweed or kelp which float no tha water. OM salts who can "smell tha beach" when near land are not a ta in thin useful ability when sailing these foggy waters.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 16, 1931, edition 1
1
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75