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:,p8>;gg:7 * V The Alamance Gleaner VOL. LX. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY FEBRUARY 15, 1934. NO. 2. X ^ .. . .. ? , ? i _ ?? . Washington . at Valleij , fi^JB"n|llEKrc Is no finer example In i I /I American history of faith 1^1/ anc* Pluck l,iat which was made at Valley Forge EEr^M by the Continental arm> un der Its commander In chief. Kv* George Washington, In the winter of 1777-1778. It is doubtful whether the sacrifice of the Continental army has ever been adequately realized, Arthur Weller writes in the National Republic Magazine. Half-starved, ill-clad, poor ly sheltered, and in great peril, not only from the pangs of hunger and cold, hut also from enemy attacks, they huddled about .their campflres Tracked March of Troops by Blood stains of Feet on Ground. wr.ne tne Bruisn unaer i.ora Howe, at the "rebel" capital of Philadelphia, celebrated the taking of it with dances and other gala events. * In Marshall's Washington we find this: "At 110 period of the war had the American army been reduced to a situation of greater peril than during the winter at Valley Forge. More than once they were absolutely without food." What hardships were under gone can be deduced from the fact that only 5,000 out of the 17.000 who encamped there In December for that w'nter were fit for active duty. Cloth ing. no less than food, was scarce. Men wore each other's uniforms In or der that the naked could be clad and take their turn at active duties. One account tells of Washington, one cold morning, meeting his sentinel as the commander left headquarters, the Potts bouse. The sentinel was making vigorous movements with his hands and legs In order to keep warm. Noting this. Washington asked him If he had had his breakfast. Upon re ceiving a negative reply, Washington hurried the sentinel Inside the house, and while he was being served a break fast by Mrs Washington. George Wash ington. with the sentinel's gun, stood guard outside his own bouse until the soldier's return. illustrative also of the conditions to the camp at beautiful, yet tragic. Val ley Forge, so close to Philadelphia, so near the British, Is the account of Washington's visit to a detachment of Ms own men. lie had been keeping his eyes on the ground, apparently noting something Interesting there on the snowy slopes Upon drawing near to the chief officer of the detachment, Washington quietly returned the sa lute, then abruptly asked: "How comes It, 6ir, that I have tracked the march of your troop9 by the bloodstains of their feet upon the frozen ground? Were there no shoes in the commissary's stores?" To this the officer replied that his detachment was one of the last to re ceive shoes, also that the supply short ly after his detachment was reached had been exhausted. Washington listened In silence, but his deep sighs showed with what emo tion he heard this report. Turning to his men he said, his voice trembling, "Poor fellows!" Then he gave rein to his charger and rode rapidly away. Valley Forge is more than a beau tiful state park today. It is symbolic of something more than forced priva tions. It is a shrine that instills In all true Americans a deeper apprecia tion of the manhood and the sacrifice of those who were quartered there dur ing the darkest hour of the Revolu tion. It is symbolic of a never-dying devotion to a cause and to a great com mander that kept hope alive. Presidential Courtesy IT WAS George Washington himself who set the courteous precedent whereby the retiring President rides with the incoming one to his inaugu ration, says a writer In the Saturday Evening Post. "The President of the United States comes In through the iron gates and goes out by the weeping willows," said Dolly Madison. Since the fair Dolly's time, the side entrance by the willow trees has been closed. Rut only the route is altered The sentiment remains. ? Tomb of <r <? I WASHINGTON THE tomb of George Washington at beautiful Mount Vernon is a na tional shrine It is more, even, than that. It is a shrfne of the whole world. Ships from every country In the world, when they sail np the Potomac past the tomb, dip their flags and toll their bells solemnly. And many of the big gest men on earth, kings, princes. Pres idents. warriors, statesmen, make pil grimages to this shrine of all human ity and lay so many wreaths at the tomb of Washington that often the barred Iron doors of It are bidden under thetn. 1 News Review of Current Events the World Over Bloody Riots in Paris Drive Out Daladier, and Doumergue Becomes Premier?Devaluation of Dollar Brings Flood of Gold. By EDWARD W. PICKARD FRANCE seemingly narrowly es caped a clvl^ war. Following two days of bloody rioting In Paris and other cities, Premier Daladier and his cabinet capituiaieo and the reins of gov ernment were put In the hands of Gaston Doumergue, the sev enty-one-year-old for mer President who was In retirement on his country estate. His reappearance on the political stage was In response to the nlpflrifmra of President Gaston Lebrun and many oth Doumergue er patri0ts who were convinced that he alone could restore the country to quiet It was condi tioned on pledges that both chambers of parliament would support him un reservedly and that the president would give him an executive order dis solving the parliament and calling new elections, to be used If he considered It necessary. So the "Iron man" of France, as he has been dubbed, re turned to Paris with plans for a small cabinet made up of former premiers and party leaders and with power to make himself the virtual dictator of the country. War veterans. Monarchists, Commu nists and other elements Joined In the violent demonstrations that forced out the Daladler regime. All Joined In op position to the government, though no one of the groups was In accord with j any others in other respects. The mobs were furious and fought desper ately with the police and the troops that Daladler had brought into the capital. The rioters, operating mainly I In the Place de la Concorde and the region about the Palais Bourbon where the chamber of deputies sits, were raked by machine gun fire, sabered by mounted troops and clubbed and shot by the Infantry and police. But they returned to the fray time after time and would not cease the struggle until Daladler resigned. The number of dead was estimated at fifty, and more than a thousand persons were wounded. After the battles were over the boulevards In the center of Paris presented a scene of desolation and destruction unequaled there since days of the commune In 1871. Nationalist elements resented espe cially the removal by Daladler of Jean Chiappe as prefect of police, feeUng that he was being made a scapejnat In the Bayonne bond scandal. The Communists and Socialists accused Chiappe of fomenting the rioting, but lilt* ngui iweiutMiis saiu ui?? iciiiais were determined to get the Corsican out of the way because they knew he would block the proletarian coup d'etat they were planning. The Royalists were In the mix-up hopeful, as always, that they might be able to restore the monarchy and put on the throne the due de Guise, head of the Bourbon house of Orleans, who lives In exile in Brussels. Naturally the pretender shares in that hope, but he was quoted as deploring the bloodshed. Devaluationof thedoiiar, and the purchaseofgoldat S35 a fine ounce caused a turmoil In the world's money markets and an Immediate result was a w. .in croat fliiw nf cnM hill. lion from Europe to the United States. The pound sterling and the franc made gains, but not big enough to suit Presi dent Roosevelt and his monetary advis ers. loiter both the pound and franc de clined again, and the confusion was made rrot. narrtn greater. The French were alarmed by the drain on their gold and expressed intense resentment against the American policy, charging that the administration was making de liberate efforts to embarrass France. For the time being the administra tion was prevented from driving the dollar down to its projected parity points in foreign exchanges by the ris ing tide of American dollars flowing back to this country. Hut most of its financial experts were confident that the 59.00 cents value would be made to prevail after a reasonable time to allow for the shakedown. As for the $85 an ounce for gold. It is the opinion of Prof. George F. War ren. chief deviser of the experiment that is under way, that the figure must be raised If prices of commodi ties are to be put up materially. Frank E. Gannett, the Rochester newspaper publisher, after a visit to the White House and talking with both the President and Professor Warren, said In his Rochester Times-Union that be had been convinced by those conver sations "that we shall continue to raise the price of gold" and that the $35 flghre probably would succeed only In preventing prices from slip ping. By the President's devaluation stroke a treasury deficit of $1,900,000,000 was transformed overnight into a surplus of $^73,710,937. TT WAS authoritatively stated In * Washington that the President be lieves that excessive Interest rates on all classes of debts should be reduced as an important step toward reduction of the debt structure. His viewpoint applies to foreign debts owed to Unit ed States citizens, to private debts and to those of Industry. He was said to be of the opinion that reduction of In terest would make payment more prob able. and that fixed charges also could be cut down. Bills before the senate, which have house approval already, would enable corporations and municipalities or oth er political subdivisions of states to scale down the principal and interest of their debts through an agreement with the majority of their creditors. Legislation is already in efTect which enables the individual to rearrange his debt and Interest rates through a pact with the majority of those he owes and to give similar help to railroads. There have been complaints that these laws have not been particularly effec tive and that they need strengthening. The President, In letting it be known that he thought the debtor was paying too much on obligations contracted in better times, did not say what he be lieved was a fair rate nor did he speci fy particular charges that he regarded as too high. SAMUEL INSULL, who was due to be ousted from Greece on Febru ary 1. was permitted to remain for a time because of ill health, hut the gov ernment at Athens then Informed him unofficially that he must leave before February 13, two physicians having reported he was able to travel with out danger to his life. The fugitive Im mediately began packing up. but at this writing it was not known where he would go In his effort to avoid ex tradition. TWENTY-TWO days after he was kidnaped, Edward G. Bremer, banker of St. Paul, Minn., was set free in Rochester, Minn., and made his way | nome, nervous ana with wounds on his head inflicted when he was "snatched," but otherwise un harmed. His father, Adolf Bremer, wealthy hrewer, had paid the $200,000 demanded hy the kidnapers. In $10 j and $5 hills, through an intermediary. Dur ing h la r.tlrlln I)m. j _ _ niB (.auiMHt 111 ?r~ Q. Bremsr mef. Wflg kept Jn fl dark room and under constant guard. State and federal law enforcement agencies were conducting an Intensive hunt for the abductors of Bremer, who probably numbered ten or more. It was believed the victim was held In either Sioux Ciry or Kansas City. Verne Sankey, notorious kidnaper who was captured recently In Chicago and taken to Sioux Falls, S. D., for safe keeping until his trial In a fed eral court, committed suicide In his cell by hanging, using a loop made of neckties. He had admitted the ab duction of Charles Boetteher of Den ver and Haskell Boho of St I'oul. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT called congressional leaders Into confer ence and with them formulated bills designed to bring the stock markets of the country und? r fcleral control. The measures were then Introduced In both house and senate. They deal with short selling, marginal trading, specialists, pool operations and man ipulation. BACKED by the president a federal grand Jury Investigation was go ing on In Washington that promised to uncover a $10,000,000 scandal In the War department Two lawyers promi nently connected In the past with the American Legion were said to be In volved. It was asserted that automo bile manufacturers had been asked for a fee of $.10,000 In return for War department contracts for trucks run ning into millions. The bouse naval committee made an Inquiry Into airplane and engine con tracts that. It was predicted, would lead to changes In the Navy depart ment's system of audits. WILLIAM P. M'CHACKEN, who was assistant secretary of com merce for aeronautics In the Hoover administration, and three air line offl cm la iuio a jam with the senate com mittee that Is Investi gating air mail con tracts. All four of them were cited to ap- * pear before the senate to show cause why they should not be punished for contempt. McCracken practices law in Washington. The others are L. H. Brittin, vice president .. , of Northwest Air ways; Harris M. Hnnshue, president of Western Air Express, and Gilbert GIvvin. Ha nsh lie's secretary. Mc Cracken has been under technical ar rest but this was vacated. Chairman Black's report to the sen ate showed that Brittin admitted that he had removed from McCrncken's of fice and destroyed subpoenaed corre spondence; and also that GIvvin, on order from Hanshue, had removed con fidential papers since recovered by the committee. Senator Black also told the senate that testimony before the committee showed post office contracts had been awarded "colluslvely and fraudulent ly" and that former Postmaster Gen eral Brown and McCracken partici pated In a "secret meeting" held In a room adjacent to Brown's Post Office department office at which the coun try was divided Into certain mall routes and contracts were distributed among "particular" operating com panies. IN A unanimous opinion the Supreme Court of the United States held that all persons accused of violating the late national prohibition laws and whose cases had not been finally ad judicated by December 5 last, when the Eighteenth amendment was re pealed should be set free. The opinion held that repeal canceled the power of prosecution. According to the Department of Jus tice, there were prohibition cases, with about 13,000 defendants, pending in federal courts. WITH little debate the senate passed the bill Introduced by Sen ator Hiram Johnson of California which Is designed to prevent the float lng In America of prl rate loans to coun tries now defaulting in past debts. Before passing It, the sena tors amended the j measure so that It | would not hami>er the President's new scheme to grant to foreign nations loans with which to buy American K</<IUB. A "* lram proviso wa9 written In Johnson declaring that loans to foreign defaulters could still he made by government owned corpora tions. As It now stands, however, the hill puts In the hands of the administra tion 11s most powerful weapon for forcing payment of defaulted war debts. No defaulting nation may float any private loan In this country, and any American aiding In the Illegal flotation of a private lonn to a de faulter would be liable to five years In Jail and $KWH>o In fines. According to Chairman Jesse Jones of the RFC. the President's plan rails for the creation of a trading hank which will partially underwrite ex tension of credits to foreign purchas ers of American goods. The hank j would he entirely owned by the govern ment. so the arrangement would art- I ually he a partial government guar antee of payment to the American ; producer. ONLY one representative voted "no" when the house of repre sentatives passed on the hill to ap- > proprlate for continuation of CWA and direct relief activities. | The lone opponent was Representative : George R. Terrill of Texas. Democrat. ( ' The money Is to l>e used by the fed eral emergency relief administration I for keeping up the federal dole to the Idle for another year and for contlnu | Ing the Civil Works administration tin- ! [ til the early part of May. About .V>0 millions Is to be used for the former ' purpose. It was said, and about 400 for the CWA. OQPEN L MILLS, who, whether or not you like him. Is one of the most forceful leaders of the Repub lican party, has often been spoken of as a possible or even probable candi- ' date for the G. O. P. Presidential nom- ! | (nation In 1030. But the New Yorker ! has now removed himself from that j j category. While In California to see i | Herbert Hoover and others, Mr. Mills | told the press "I most certainly have j no Intention of becoming a candidate. Nor will I mix in local or factional politics." C br Western Newspaper Union. Land of Morning Calm A Korean Blacksmith at Work. Prepared by National Geographic Society. Washington. L>. C.-WNO Service. GEOCUAl'HICALLY. Chosen (Korea) has been In the cen ter of the Sino Japanese con troversy during the last two years, yet the "Land of Morning Calm" has seldom broken into the daily news. There Is something elusive about the very name of the Land of Morning Calm. Japan, everybody knows; China nobody knows. Chosen, or Koiea. her light hidden under a bushel for cen turies?not yet very tolerant of tour ists and standing aloof from the col onizer with all her proud heart?is as shrinking as the mimosa, and. yet. to some travelers, the most fascinating country of the three. She asked of the Ages only to be let alone, but the? gift was denied her. Under Japanese Influence and con trol, the old ox cart and river traffic has given way In large part to 4.0.10 miles of public and privately operated railways, which annually carry some 20.000,000 pnssengers. The returning traveler notices a change In the appearance of Korea. From a dry, woodless, barren-looking country, with a heaving mn?s of graves. It is fertile, well watered, much cultivated, and obviously refor ested. "(Jive life to the mountains first and you will give life to the nation," a Japanese official had advised So one of Japan's first acts was to Introduce an extensive afforestation program. The forests are not yet. of course, fully grown, hut thev are well starter! j and will help conserve Korea's future rainfall. At several points morlel farms, start ed by the Japanese, nlso give unques tioned evidence of the Increased pro ductivity and prosperity of the coun try. The Japanese now own about half of the cultivated land. Why the Graves Disappeared. The traveler learns how It was that hundred: of thousands of graves have been made to disappear. In the old days the soothsayer, and he only, could declare the most fortunate position for a grave. Often the spot he chose was the fairest place In the family's most fertile field, and after the grave had been placed there It would not have been respectfii to the dead to cultivate the field. In a country as old as Korea | and with such a reverence for graves, rho rosult rnn be Imagined. Once grassy mounds rolled everywhere like the waves of the sea. The Japanese changed nil that. In Japan very little land Is given over to graveyards. In a country so small, so mountainous, ami with such a teeming population, there Is of necessity little waste InncL Kvery arable foot Is cul tlvoted. Crematlo was early favored: consequently. Japanese cemeteries are small and Insignificant. except occa ! slonallv around a monastery. In Korea the Japanese established graveyards at what seemed to them appropriate Intervals. Koreans who refused to remove their ancestors to these cemeteries were compelled to pay a poire tax. There was naturally much opposition, for the graves of a Korean are his most cherished pos session. Hut taxes are taxes, and this tax accounts for the Increased fertile acreage. The reputation also Is re sponsible for ttie fact that so many fine pieces of celadon, a sen-preen por celain. oil of them belonging to the Koral period and all treasure trove from proves, found their way to the market Korea Is a country of many capitals As one came to be considered unlucky, soothsayers would choose another. A pa In. when, from extravagance. had government. or reckless taxation, slpns of misfortune bepan to appear, the capital would be moved to a new site. Just as loveless married couples move from house to house, hopinp to leave their discontent behind them. Sulpen. or Suwnn. sometimes called the Flowery Castle, about 2T> miles south of Seoul, had glory for a day. as time Is reckoned In the old. old countries of the F.ast. For long years, too. It was one of the Important de fensive outposts of Seoul, and at one time Is said to have sheltered fiO.OOO people. Very likely It did. perhaps more, for the ruins are extensive. The j *Ity now has about iri.ono people. In the latter part of the Eighteenth century the place so captivated one of the kings of Seoul that he flirted with the Idea of transferring his cap ital there. The summer pavilion, love ly In its decay. Is all that Is left of the palace where he frequently used to resort Two of these VI (also called LI) kings, father and son. the latter having built the city walls, found their last resting places within Sulgen's friendly confines. Songdo was the High Tree Capital of Korea from the Tenth century until 1392, during the Koral dynasty, the Elizabethan Age of Korea. Almost everything that is loveliest In Korean art and literature is of the Koral pe-, rlod, and most of the arts of this gold en age are now lost, the making of celadon, for instance. Songdo was also a walled city and is still wonderful and extensive. The palace of the old Korean caesars Is entirely gone?more the pity?though there is something disappointing, to many western minds, in Chinese, Kor ean, and Japanese palaces. There Is too mtirh wooden simnliritc too mni?n dependence on paint and lacquer, not enough comfort, and no precious stones. They are neither barbarous nor civilized. Just bare and uncomfort able looking. Apparently there has not been a fir? in Songdo for a thousand years. Look ing down from the heights, one sees the remarkable thatched roofs of this old, old city, their ancient designs mi raculously preserved. They are brown and soft-looking and curious in shape. Each house seems to follow any line its owner may have fancied. They are almost never square. Some are 6haped like horseshoes, some like crescent moons, and others are fashioned like gridirons. All have a thick mushroom thatch. Scenery at Pyongyang. About 162 miles north of Seoul charming old Ileijo (Pyengyang) sprawls on blufflike hills which rise above the sweeping Daido (Daidong) river. One has missed much in this Hermit kingdom until one has stood in the pa vilion that is perched atop Botan-Dal, or Peony Point, and seen the superb panorama of mountains, plain, city, and the sparkling river. Well might Korea's traditional founder who coined the title. Land of Morning Calm, have stood on this very eminence and watched the play of light and cloads over the marvelous landscape. Up and down and across the swift moving waters of the Paldo ply nu merous cargo craft and ferryboats, their white and golden sails glinting In the sunlight. Farther downstream, spans of a modern steel bridge vault the river, and still farther off rise smoking factory chimneys, a Twen tieth century touch Impinging on the scene. I'yengyang Is one of the oldest cities In Korea ; for centuries previous to the rise of Songdo It was the capital. Ac cording to tradition. It was here that the nation's founder, Klshl (Kl-tze), a Chinese scholar, established his pal aces when he became emperor. His supposed burial place Is marked by a shrine. The tablets, stone Images, and lanterns that surround the mausoleum, however, were erected nearly 2.000 years after he had lived and ruled and died In his adopted land. It is said that the falling of a mi raculous snowstorm showed the Yi dynasty where to build the walls of Keljo (Seoul), known as the Snow v upiini. r>??w me iempie or tleaven Is the dancing room of a tourist ho tel. some of the crenelated walls hare been torn down and traffic now skirts around as well as through the old gates. The exquisite tea house, like that pictured on the Willow Pattern plate, only far lovelier, where Queen Mln used to entertain the Chinese en tt?ys, has been raxed and no longer rises in loveliness from Its lotus bed. Modern banks and offices, monu mental stone government buildings, and wide tram way-and bus-served streets have given the metropolis a thoroughly up-to date, businesslike ap pearance rather than that of an ori ental capital. Airplane Beats Bullet Traveling at better than 42G miles an hour an airplane goes faster than a bullet 1
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Feb. 15, 1934, edition 1
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