Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / March 29, 1934, edition 1 / Page 1
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The Alamance gleaner VOL. LX. GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY MARCH 29, 1934. NO. 8. News Review of Current Events the World Over Cain in Industrial Employment Reported?Steel Industry Accused of Price Boosting and Fixing?Japan and U. S. Exchange Good Will Notes?Navy Bill Passes. SECRETARY OF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS announces a Jump of 345,000 In Industrial employment and ? gain of $12,000,000 in weekly pay rolls between January 15 and February 15. "Factory employ ment Increased 6.1 per cent while pay rolls rose 12.6 per cent," Secretary Perkins said in summing up the de velopments. She add ed that since March of last year 2,400.000 workers have returned to industrial jobs and $67,000,000 added to the weekly pay rolls. Secretary Perkins Secretary Perkins pointed out that her survey of industrial employment covers only a small part of the total business field. "The manufacturing and non-manu facturing industries covered," she ex plained, "normally employ only 20, 000,000 of the 49,000,000 gainful work ers of the country and therefore these totals do not indicate all changes in employment. To them should be add ed 10,000 workers reported by the in terstate commerce commission to have been taken on during the last month by Class 1 steam railroads, and gains In agricultural employment which nor mally take place at this time with the beginning of farming activities in the Southern states. "The increases in employment and pay roll in the automobile industry were the outstanding gains of the month. The agricultural implement industry reported employment gains of 14.9 per cent and machine tools a rise of 15 per cent, continuing the gains which have marked every month since last May and June. "Industries allied with building con struction also showed increased oper i ations." pRICE fixing and price boosting, * tending to discriminate against small enterprises, are current prac tices in the steel industry under its NRA code, the federal trade commis sion declares in a report to the senate. That there has been price fixing as well as Increases in prices of steel products during the period covered by the inquiry, the commission de clares, are conclusions warranted by ample facts. Under the provisions of the code and the methods of Its appli cation prices for any given product at any point of delivery are uniform. This is a direct violation of the or der to desist from the Pittsburgh plus practice. The steel code, according to the trade commission, is devised to lodge control of the industry with the United States Steel corporation and other large producers, to take business away from little manufacturers, to discrim inate against certain fabricators and producing centers and to discriminate in favor of powerful customers like the automobile industry. At f. press conference at the White House the President indicated that he was not satisfied with the way the steel code is operating. There were signs the Executive might reopen the code and call for drastic revisions to protect consumers and independent manufacturers from price fixing and Increased costs. ASSURANCES of cordial regard and pledges of a desire for the settlement of any differences hy ami cable means were expressed in an ex change of notes be tween Secretary of State Hull and Koki eign minister. The ex change of notes was the outcome of inter changes initiated by Japan in furtherance of a foreign policy the general purpose of which is to conciliate the United States. Ja pan is intent upon Secretary Hull persuading the United States to aban don the policy of'obstruction of Jap anese occupation of Manchuria and to recognize the Japanese dominated state of Manchukuo. liirota expressed the firm belief that "no question exists between our two countries that is fundamentally incapable of amicable solution." Hull, In concurring with that state ment, said he would be glad to re ceive "any suggestion calculated to maintain and to Increase that friend liness and cordiality which have con stantly marked, since the conclusion oar first treaty, the relations be tween oar two countries." Japan let It be known unofficially recently that it desires an increase In its naval ratio with the United States and Great Britain under the Washington and London naval treaties and would like to enter preliminary discussions. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, in a let * ter to the senate and bouse bank ing committees, asked congress to set up twelve industrial credit banks which he had been told would safe guard the Jobs of 346,000 persons and create work for 378,000 more. Imme diately after the President's wishes were known legislation was introduced in both houses giving the federal re serve system authority to create the banks, financing them by selling $140, 000,000 of stock to the treasury. The plight of the "small or medium size" industrialist was stressed by the President, and he cited results of a sur vey indicating that such industry was badly in need of $700,000,000 working capital. A RAY of hope for unpaid school teachers appeared when a house subcommittee was ordered* to draft legislation authorizing direct federal grants to needy school systems through out the country. The primary pur pose of the proposed grants would be to Insure the operation of schools for a minimum term each year. A serious curtailment of educational facilities in many sections of the coun try has been forced by lack of funds, according to the committee, with con sequent result that thousands of chil dren are not receiving the proper amount of instruction. An inability to pay teachers is the most pressing problem. A large part of the proposed federal grants will be available for the pay ment of salaries to unpaid teachers. Under the direct grant measure pro posed by the education committee it was understood, the necessary funds would be supplied either by the fed eral Emergency Relief administration or the Public Works administration. SPEAKING before an assembly of 5,000 cheering chief Fascists Premier Mussolini outlined a 60-year program of internal and external ex pansion winch, he predicted, would In the Twenty-first cen tury give Italy the "primacy of the world." That century, he said, will be a "black shirt era." "In this age of plans," II Duce de clared, "I want to lay before you a plan not for five years or ten years but for CO Mussolini years carrying on to the Twenty-first century, at which time Italy will have the primacy of the world. "Italy has no future In the West and North. Her future lies to the Last and South In Asia and Africa. The vast resources of Africa must be valorized and Africa brought within I the civilized circle. "I do not refer to conquest of ter ritory but to natural expansion. We demand that nations which have al ready arrived in Africa do not block at every step Italian expansion.'* Here, it was said, he was referring ! particularly to France. Internally, Mussolini said. Im mediate objectives are completion of , swamp reclamation by 1940, new aque ducts and highways, plans to recreate Italian municipalities, complete re hiiiifiing of rural houses and of 30 years. "Every rural person will have a clean and healthy house," he asserted. "Only in this way can the rush to the city be combated." EXPANSION of the navy to treaty limitations is now assured witli the passage by congress of the Vinson Trainmeil bilL The bill calls for the construction of 1CTJ warships and an increase of 1,184 in the naval air plane strength at a cost estimated at between $.170,000,000 and $7<X),0UU,00u spread over five years. The bill merely "authorizes" a treaty navy. Appropriations must follow in order to translate the action into ships and planes. Private builders of ships and planes for the navy are limited in the bill to a 10 per cent profit on the "contract price," excepting on contracts involv ing $10,000 or less. Alternate warships must be built In government navy yards, unless the President determines that emergency conditions require change of that schedule. THE man who works for a living will get a break If amendments to the Income tax law proposed by the senate finance committee are finally adopted. These amendments would take more taxes from big estates and reduce the tax on smaller Incomes. Chairman Harrison estimated that the net result of the changes pro* posed would add $50,000,000 of annual revenue to the bill. The committee voted unanimously for a proposal to continue the one tenth of 1 per cent corporation cap ital stock and 5 per cent excess prof its tax levy, which were repealed when repeal put liquor taxes Into ef fect These taxes would have expired July 1. Under the new proposal they would become effective again July 1, 1935. Experts estimated the revenue from these taxes at $95,000,000. The reduction in Income taxes would come In the form of a 10 per cent credit to be allowed on earned income up to $20,000. The estate amendment would In crease taxes on such property to a maximum of 50 per cent as against the present 45 per cent, the raises ranging from 1 per cent on estates valued between $1,000,000 and $1,500, 000 to 5 per cent on those over $10, 000,000. TRACTS urging the public to donate cash to promote the sport of flying In Germany were circulated In Berlin Sunday. Under the Versailles treaty public funds are not permitted to be used to stimulate aviation, but the leaflet points out that the treaty does not refer to pri vate initiative, and adds: "We are unable to construct military planes, but the devel opment of the sport of flying and training German people as fly ers is entirely depend Premier Goering ent upon ourselves and our readiness to make sacrifices." The demand for a German air force was also emphasized by Gen. Her mann Wilhelm Goering, premier of Prussia and reichsminister of aviation, In speaking at a flying exhibition at the Essen airport. Goering declared that Germany can enjoy no security, no peace, no equality until she Is j granted the right to defend herself In I the air. This demand cannot be al- i tered, the air minister proclaimed. "If other countries are permitted the heaviest weapons of attack in the | air, Germany at least must be given the right of defense," he said. ABROAD national program for re ducing the nation's supply of milk from 10 to 'JO per cent in return for federal cash payments to the Individ- | ual milk producer was proposed to the j dairy industry of the country by the Ag- ! ricult.ural Adjustment administration. The program was evolved after months of effort by AAA experts. The plan suggested by the admin istration would involve some $105,000. 000 at the outset, it was said, with prospects that the cost might rise as high as $300,000,000. It would be financed by a processing tax of a cent per pound on butter fat, gradually in creasing as the program advanced, to a peak of 5 cents per pound. ANOTHER step forward In develop ing trade between the United States and Austria was taken with the recent decision of the Austro-Arnerican commercialp interests in Vienna to found an American Chamber of Com merce in Vienna. Later a cognate In stitution is also to be established In Washington. The decision to open up a chamber of commerce here is the result of lengthy study by a committee appoint ed some time ago "for founding a spe cial organization to develop trad*4 and tourist traffic between Austria and America." The organization of the American of President Ernst Streeruwitz of the Vienna Chamber of Commerce, Amer ican Consul General H. L. Harris, and Commercial Attache J. II. Hughes. General inquiry has indicated that the United States can get a bigger share of the Austrian market through this way of making an intensive study of detailed openings for exports than through any new general trade agree ments. THE city of Hakodate, most Impor tant port In northern .Japan, was reduced to a smoldering shambles as the result of a devastating fire. One thousand persons are dead and three thousand are Injured. The fire fol lowed In the wake of a driving equi noctial windstorm which tore through northern and western Japan. A to tal of 150,000 of the city's 210.000 In habitants are homeless. Thirty seven thousand of the 48,000 bouses were burned to the ground. ? by Western Newspaper Union. | BLOSSOMS | I Caster Time j "W^T T HEN an old Hutch resident W% I declares, of an April morn ? lug. that "the Paas lilies by r vMt the 8,??P are 0UL" he Is not J *MM| referring to the American I Pas<lue flower or to Easter 555W llle8, but t0 the t)elove<^ hardy, common daffodil. Nar cissus pseudo-narcissus, called also the Lent lily. That they are not lilies, but, like all narcissi, members of the amaryllls family, did not concern our gardeners, says a writer In the New | York Herald Tribune, who knew but a score or so species of a flower that In at least three centuries of cultiva tion has multiplied with such beauti ful confusion that even botanists do not agree about it, while simple visi tors to the flower show are driven to Rdopt the plan of calling daffodils, nar cissi and jonquils all "qprclssus." which Is right and safe If not specific. Modern methods of cold storage have made the best-known Paschal j flower, once truly the Bermuda Easter j Illy, an all-year adornment. The Amer ican pasque flower is a wild anemone i which keeps to the northern central | states and Is not familiar here. The pasque flower of Europe is also an anemone, and It Is possible that the | poppy-flowered anemone of Mediter ranean meadows?red. blue and pur- j pie like those local florists are selling ! today?was the gorgeous bloom to which Christ pointed when he admired | "the lilies of the field." In Mexico the polnsettia Is often called flor de Pascua. The "Easter cactus" (Schlum- , r-y i The Modern Easter Lily. bergera) belongs to homy old kitcheD windows. Rut the flower most appro priate of all to Raster is too rarely seen since grandma's conservatory waned?the cerulean passion flower. In Itself and In Its story It Is exquis ite. not to be forgotten at the season of earth's resurrection and of the tri nmphnnt festival of the church. The first Spanish explorers, beholding it as It trailed from branches In South American forests, were struck with wonder, finding In Its strange form the land s own glorification of their task of conversion. Legend gathered quickly about Passf flora. A drawing of It. brought from Mexico, created a sensation at Rome 1 in 1010. It was proclaimed to enfold ?all the mysteries of the Passion.** The ten colored parts of the floral envelope, says Railey. to an ardent fancy repre sented the ten nposlles present at the i ruciflxion The Inner fringes became the Crown of Thorns, the five stamens i the Rive Wounds, or else the hammers that drove In the Three Nails (in that case represented by the three styles! The vine's coiling tendrils were the cords or scourges, while the leaves with their "fingers.'* might have been the hands of Christ's Tormentors. That this natural manifest at bin of Chris tian belief should have been hidden in the New world's untrodden Jungles astounded Rurope. And not long ago even f Hitch Reformed households ; would as hftre frfrfcM I Mag lilies as passion vines st Raster. Easter Is Kissing Time ((X A ST Kit time Is kissing time fn W- many ports of England and Ire land. while "heaving" is an additional custom practiced In the north of Eng land. On Easter Monday, the women gently life men from the ground three times and then demand a kiss. On Easter Tuesday, the rite is reversed. I and the men do the "heaving" and de mand the kiss. At Hungerford. In Berkshire, a roan is entitled to ^ilra a kiss from every pretty girl he 'vein net ween noon and G p. m. He may not always get Jn Easter Holiday Easter Monday Is not a public legal holiday In any of our states, though nine states have made Oood Friday a public holiday. In most countries of Ktropa. British. French and Dutch colonic etc^ the Monday following Easter la a public holiday. The Story Eastertide 11 nn xvil ilh ^ \ FIXING OF EASTER Prtstnttd a VEXING PROBLEM V.- >?- 7^ 7^7<-75-7f- A-^rTSr >y&i( tr~\ r\J HAT Easter Sunday Is what 0^1 L is known in ecclesiastical IjtJ W circles as a "movable feast." falling now upon one calen WMMi ^;,r f'yre nn^ again upon an /SH5 other, yet always at pres ent upon a Sunday. Is a fact ^ ?tW casually accepted without doubt or Inquiry practically the world over. Something of mystery, however, attaches to this chronological para dox that now and rhen perplexes the curious and the Inquisitorial, declares a writer in the Kansas City Star. The time of the Crucifixion Is fixed as coincident with the Jewish pass over. or paschal feast, in the Jewish i calendar month "Nisnn." the month of the vernal equinox. The first ob scurity In regard to the day arose from the Christian (Jospel9 themselves. The Synoptic Gospels seemed to favor the day as the fifteenth of Nlsan. that of St. John, the fourteenth This es tablished. by the preponderance of evidence, that the Crucifixion occurred on Friday, the day before the Jewish Sabbath. According to .Matthew, the resurrection occurred "in the end of the Sabbath, as It began to dawn to ward the first day of the week." Mark placed It as "very early In the morn ing. the first day of the week, at the rising of the sun." I.tike also fixed the event on "the first day of the week, very early in the morning." Thus It seemed to be definitely established that Christ arose from the dead on Sunday morning, the first day of (he Jewish week. Ecclesiastical history preserves three distinct phases relating to the sub sequent commemorative day which came to be known as Easter. Although the observance of Easter was at a very early period the practice of the ' Christian church, a serious difference as to the day for its observance s??on arose between the Christians of Jew ish and those of Gentile descent. Witii the Jewish Christians, who associated the death of Christ with the sacrifice of the Paschal Lamb at the Passover, which ended "on the fourteenth day of the moon at evening." the Ea>*er festival followed the paschal tradition, no matter what day of the lunar mon*h It chanced to fall upon. The Genrile Christians, on the other han<t follow ing the Synoptic Gospels, identified the first day of the week. Sunday as the day of Resurrection, and kept the preceding Friday as the anniversary of the Crucifixion. This was the phase of the controversy that characterized the first centuries of Christianity. The second stage In the Easter con troversy centers around the Council of Nice. A. D. 325. where so many doctrinal points were given asthenic sanction. This council was summoned by Emperor Constantine. The decision of the council was that Easter was to be kept on Sunday throughout the Christian world. It was at this point that astronomical science entered in to the controversy. The correct da*e of the Easter festival was to be cal culated at Alexandria, the then h-me of astronomical science, and the Ro man pontiff was to communicate the i date to the churches. Th s arrange ment fixed the date of Raster Sunday as the Sunday "following the four teenth day of the paschal nwnci." and defined the paschal moon as "The noon whose fourteenth day followed the spring equinox." But this ruling did not settle all difficulties. The third phase of the controversy an>se from the divergent calendars and cycles ia vogue ia the Eastern and Western church centers. S:. Augustine teds us ' that In the year 3S7 the churches of Gaul kept Easter March 21. thoae . of Italy on April IN wh e me Egyp I tian Christians celebrared Apr ' 25 as Easter day. The I'.r * sh and Irsh i churches for a long time adhered to ? (asfcrJme0b I sje*; 3<eun Ot* low's Tha: opened wade the heavenly rises To snake tar ce i place. And asv I ever iMthfol be Uatzi I see Has tisce. Tas Easter araei I per.- si^n To know Has blessed *ri And ai nr. heart I near again Ha voice sav. "Peace. be sdT*; For *11 use etrpccests of uie He coeaes troca heav'a ao dX Ta Easier nme: I Irve ? The scene a roEed swav From everv axnb of dosibc icd cnefr? NIv a rursed ao day. Aad n cv heart Gmsc reugas ss kasj This resurrection duvT 13 anccea: system of cocsyatatioa. tho<2jh :^ey observed Sanday u zz* Easzee day. w.;n t::e adoption of the Metoofc croe is l ^u.ie. the formula for ttr in* the Easier date wis dec errs ined is the rrst > ."- day which occurs aft er the f->t fu: c^-va. or. csore icc> mtely. if'er the *-?: fourreesti day of the 2*?q, fc the -fist of March. wn:ch < cr.e *erral e^iiaax.* As a re< :. the ear esr pcesdbte dats of Fa-'-er _s Mircu 'ZU the latest A^r.i "J5w EASTER RABBITS AND EGGS HAD PAGAN ORIGIN ZXSTEK, comnirrrinTOTrnlf "TTf^ IJhrlsfinn believers the res urrection of the Savior of Mankind. is almost unrver ^ i ?j sail? observed as a time f?>r <3%L" ^ 3?y ?nd feasting. On Eas . _ ter Sunday morning thou ? - sands of boys and girls will return home from Sunday school and church to hunt for Easter ruhbits and eggs. The origin of egg-rolling which most youngsters enjoy so much, says rath finder Magazine, Is supposed to have begun centuries ag~ from the practice of farmers rolling eggs over their land to be sure of abundant yields at harvest time. This was because the egg was the pagan emblem of thr germinating of life of early spring. The children are told that the rabbits lay the eggs, and for that reason the latter are near ly always hidden away In nests or In flower beds In the yard and garden. The rabbit Is another pagan symbol and has always been an emblem of ? fertility. Modern people have lost ' knowledge of w'lat these symbols | mean. yet they have continued these I (?ltl pn^an c<:>* ??. per?- ips by forve of habit. nn ! <vr y for am- <emect | of the youngsters at Easrer t rue. As to the o??: ??.: z of Easter eggs a rel;?> ;s eno\( ; * i a says "Because the use of cc-is wis forbidden during 1 lent !Vy w* _ on Easter day co > red" red to symbolue the Easter Joy. This custom is found not only in the Latin, but also in the Oriental churches. Christians are sup i posed to have adopted the egg-rolling ! custom to symbolise the resurrection and the esus wore colored red in al lusion to the Mood of redemption. Yet. 1 other colors were later introduced and now they have no special significance ! except to make variety. Observance of Lent IpllE observance of Lent began w ithin ISU years after Christ's tluie. but there was no specified number of days of fasting. It was extended to about 40 days by the Fourth century and In the Eighth or Ninth century It was fixed to commence with Ash Wednesday and end with Easter Suoday. Forty days are thus observed, since fast ing is not observed on the Interven ing Sundays. CJx-U V.' . ?. . _ A Duet With Bunny Orchestra. Easter Monday Is always a gala day for the kiddies. If they hare any un broken eggs left, especially is this so for those youngsters In Washington. On that day thousands of them go to the White House and Capitol lawns to roll their varl-colored eggs. The pres ident and First Lady watch them and cast sympathetic eyes opon those who, unfortunately, sometimes break their prettiest eggs.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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March 29, 1934, edition 1
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