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The Alamance Gleaner ?*- . 76L LXVI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 15, 1940 Na 28 ?^ r .. WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS By Farnham F. Dudgeon Senate Votes to Call National Guard; War Spreads to Africa and Far East; England Offers Self Rule to India; U. S. Armed Forces Start War Games (IDQOrl NOTE?When opinions an mmw< In these columns, they are thooo ol the nenrs analylst nod not necessarily o< this newspaper.) Released by Western Newspaper Union Here are the "Big Foot" in the new cabinet oi Japan, set up after the resignation of Premier Yonai. Left to right: Premier Prince Fumimaro Konoye; Yosuke Matsnoka, foreign minister; Vice Admiral Zengo Yoshida, minister of the navy; and Lient. General Eiki Tojo, war minister. This new cabinet is pledged to closer co-operation with the Rome-Berlin axis and has set op its own Monroe Doctrine of the East. (Tot turtbot oowm ml J of am, moo?I ad It oat ion) U. S. DEFENSE: War Games Accent on war came closer to home for hundreds of thousands of American families when they saw 310,000 of their sons, brothers, and fathers march off to the largest peacetime maneuvers in American history. From coast to coast, border to border, U. g. army regulars. Nation al Guardsmen and organized re serves were mobilized for a 21-day training period that swung them in divisions, corps and armies into sim ulated battle' conditions in a war game around the Canadian border. Congress Meanwhile President Roosevelt sent a message asking congress for authority to call the National Guard into training (or a year and gave his endorsement to the movement for peacetime conscription. After a favorable committee report the senate readily granted the National Guard authority (71-7) and sent this measure to the house. Senate military committee ap proved the modified Burke-Wads worth conscription bill, but there were predictions the weeks of com mittee debate are only the prelude of what is ahead on the senate and house floor. Bill now confines regis tration to men between ages of 21 to 31. Former War Secretary Woodring opposes the measure and urges lowering army enlistment pe riod of one year and raising pay, in order to attract volunteers. House leaders devoted hours of struggle to excess profits taxes and defense orders, combination of which promises to be tightest bottle neck. Present plan is to permit cost of plant expansions to be de ducted from taxable earnings over five-year period, at rate of 20 per cent ? each year. Manufacturers want to net enough from defense orders to pay for necessary n*w fa cilities, definitely do not want to risk paying taxes on worthless property, as many had to do after 1919. U. S. Chamber of Commerce said: "Prob abilities of loss are so great . . . many business men would rather not undertake such business." Also in Washington: C List of contracts approved re vealed the navy had agreed to pur chase large number of trawlers to lay submarine nets in principal U. S. harbors. 4 Alien registration to include 3,800,000 will begin August 27. C Assistant State Secretary Welles holds action by duress comes within the act of Havana. ? The house passed and sent to the senate a bill to permit wire-tapping in investigations of espionage, sab otage and treason. I l NAMES ... in the news fi. Running for re-election to the U. s: senate, in the Democratic and Republican primaries, Senator Hiram Jekasea of California heard himself labeled by President Roose velt as "no longer a liberal and cer tainly not a Progressive Democrat." < I. B. McCarl, former comptroller general, died in Washington. BATTLE OF BRITAIN: Invasion Information from unoccupied France was that German troops in great volumes were moving toward the French channel ports. Germany closed all travel and communica tion routes between occupied and un occupied France. Worried about the turn of events in the Far East, England offered self-rule to India after the war if that country would now aid the Brit ish cause. Englsnd, with a new army com mander-in-chief, Sir Alan Brooke, changed its mode of defense. Boast ing an army of 4,000,000 well-trained men, it swung back to the old theory that the best defense is an offense. Therefore road obstructions laid to delay movement of an enemy if he arrived were dug up?to permit the British army to get at him faster, if he did. Bombings England bombed Germany and Germany bombed England. Both sides claimed heavy damage to the other. Germany claimed the port of Dover, England, a shambles. England claimed the port of Ham burg, Germany, "pulverised." Both sides denied they were hurt much. Virtually all British raids on Ger many and German-held territory have been night calls, when safety is greatest for the fliers. On the other hand, Germans have paid day light calls on England. This has led to the opinion the Nazi fliers were more interested in observation than destruction. But several east ern and southern English ports vir tually have ceased to be open for commerce. m mm ? in Africa Meanwhile Musaolini began war like features in Africa. Italian troops said to number 290,000 moved from Italian possessions on Egypt and British Somaliland. London newspapers warned their readers to expect some Italian successes. Duce's goal is believed to be Suez and the gate to India. INDIGNATION: Japan So Sorry Arrest of nine British trade lead ers and journalists in Japan was designated by Tokyo as breaking up of an espionage plot. Nipponese reported "suicide" of one journalist soon after his arrest. They said he unfortunately leaped from a window. England demanded explanations and London papers called for re taliation. Four Britishers eventually were released but London was aroused by now and the arrest of an undisclosed number of Japanese in England, and elsewhere in the British empire, put a further strain on Anglo-Japanese relations. Ambassador Namoru Shigemitsu lodged a "strong protest" with Vis count Halifax, Britain's foreign sec retary, against arrest in London of representatives at two great Japa nese banking and commercial houses. He was said to have re quested their immediate release. There was no official comment, but unofficially it was said the arrest of the Britains in Japan and of the Japanese in Britain was "pure co incidence." Toky o said the British action was retaliation. Boomerangs Boomerang throwing, warlike sport of aboriginal Australia, has an exponent in official Washington in the person of Henry W allace, Democratic vice presidential nominee. He is pictured here (left) giv ing some instructions in the art to Attor ney General Robert Jackson. Same day this picture was taken, one of the curved throwing sticks went out of bounds, clipped a news photographer on the head and four stitches had to be taken to close the wound. CAMPAIGN: The Farmer Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, bent an ear to the wheat and corn belt problems when he end ed his Colorado vacation by going to Des Moines, Iowa, to meet gov ernors and . their representatives from midwestern states. What they told him form the basis for his ag ricultural utterances in his accept ance speech. But he indicated he will advocate no change in the cur rent farm program. Efforts of Senator Wheeler (D., Mont.) to learn the Republican can didate's views on the conscription measures failed. Willkie said the President could have his opinion anytime he asked for it. Otherwise they also will first appear In the acceptance speech. Democratic candidate for vice president. Farm Secretary Henry A. Wallace, changed his mind about staying in office during the cam paign. He said he will resign when he accepts the nomination. He also had a little trouble with a "boom erang" (see cut). BRITAIN'S PROBLEM: Naval Losses German claims to heavy destruc tion of British shipping show basis for alarm. Britain started war With 183 destroyers. They admit 29 are sunk and more are laid up for re pairs. Less than 100 are believed in operation. Nazis say British loss in merchant ships is larger than in the World war, in excess of 9,000,000 tons. Ships for Sale condition may have reaction m U. S. The United State* has 238 destroyers, twice as many as any other two navies. Committee to De fend America by Aiding Allies is agitating for sale of 00 "over-age and unused destroyers" to British. Those favoring sale argue it would be better to put ships to practical use than to allow them to rust in U. S. navy yards. Agitation was brought into the open when Gen. John J. Pershing, commander of the A. E. F., spoke hi favor of the sale. He said it might be the last act America might be able to make "short of war," and said by sending help to the British we "still can hope with confidence to keep the war on the other side at the Atlantic ocean." Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, in a speech to the anti-war rally at Chi cago, warned that in the future America "may have to deal with a Europe dominated by Germany," and advocated "non-interference by America with affairs in Europe." For these remarks the "lone eagle" was branded as "the chief of the fifth column in this country," by Senator Pepper of Florida This statement resulted in some bitter debate on the floor at the senate. MISCELLANY: Disappointment The duke and duchess of Windsor frustrated the hopes of many ex pectant dowagers when they decid ed not to come to America, ea route to the former king's new ]ob, governor general of the Bahamas. His royal highness changed plans, decided to disembark at Bermuda. There have been rumors, however, that his Pennsylvania-bom, Balti more-bred wife soon may visit America for a plastic operation, de V ? Bmckarfa Wathington Digest Only Time Can Test 'Advantages' Of Havana Conference Agreement Pan-American Plan for Colonies Enlarges the Scope of Famous Monroe Doctrine and Assures Enforcement Of Its Provisions. By WILLIAM BBCCKART WNTJ Service, National Press Bldg., Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON.,? Although copy books long since have disappeared and the school systems seem to have omitted the "R" from reading, writing and 'rithmetic, the truth of the copy lines remains indisputa ble. One line, "time brings changes," continues to be basic fact and it ap plies to nations as well as individu als. If proof were needed as to the truth of the adage, recent develop ments at Havana, Cuba, surely can be used. The conference at Havana, in which the United States and 20 oth er American republics participat ed, brought into being an agreement whereby all of the nations in North and South America, excepting Can ada' and the possessions of European nations, will work together in de fense, military or otherwise. It was a meeting that must be placed in large print in history because it told the whole world that the Monroe Doctrine still exists and will be en forced. The Havana conference was nota ble and histrical in another way. It established for the first time, as a policy of the United States, a de termination to use our national de fense?our army, our navy, our air force?in protecting not only our own shore lines, but the shore lines of our sister nations of the Western hemi sphere. In other words, the conference which is described as "the Pan American Agreement on Colonies, did these things: (1) it determined steps to be taken if any European possession in the Western hemi sphere were threatened with trans fer of sovereignty to another for eign nation; (3) it established a new base for inter-American trade and economic relations so that inroads by any European or Asiatic power will be made more difficult; (3) It prepared the way for dealing with, and the control of, agents of foreign powers seeking to ctrrf on subver sive activities against the New world. Agreement Ettabliehee New World Solidarity Under thia etructure of interna tional agreement, there ia eet up ma chinery which will provide aome thing of a guardianship?a protec torate?tor British and French and Dutch Guiana. The British section of that three-part country, of course, is still subject to British rule. No body knows exactly the status at the French and Dutch sections, since Hitler forced France to her knees and wreaked havoc with Holland. To date, the situation is not thor oughly clear how this protectorate will work. R can be said, how ever, that the idea is definite and ! conclusive and that any move to transfer Dutch and French Guiana 1 to Germany will meet with resist ance. The United States and its sister republics simply have said to Hitler and the others in Europe: stay on your own side of the At lantic, we don't want you over here and you shall not come here. So, sAy fair interpretation of the Havana international meeting means that (1) a principle has been estab lished, (3) that means of support ing and enforcing that principle have been created, and (1) that any of the nations of North or South Amer ica can act against any foreign pow er and will do ao with the agreed approval of the others. It is a pow erful thing and, if it holds, there is established an entirely new solidari ty within the New world. PRESIDENT JAMES MONROE Hit policy hot bocom* a tradition. Value of Agreement It Highly Controversial There are many objection* possi ble of statement respecting this new treaty arrangement. None can fore tell whether those objections have merit or not. Nor can anyone in this day say with certainty that the pro gram will guarantee either peace or war. In most arguments that we hear in Washington discussions, claims that appear sound are ad vanced both for and against the value and general merit of the Ha vana treaty. The thing will have to be studied and will have to be in operation for a time, I believe, be fore anyone can make an unequivo cal statement whether its advan tages outweigh its disadvantages, or whether the reverse is true. To get back to the copybook line that "time brings changes," it may be pointed out. properly that the United States has bound itself to defend all of South and Central America. It may be said, more over, that the Havana treaty ex pands the Monroe Doctrine beyond any of the original meaning of the statement made by President James Monroe. Or, it offers ground tor argument that the United States is taking upon itself the guardianship of all of the Americas, since it is a fact that the United States navy is the only navy worthy of a name in all of the Western hemisphere. Fate of Small Republic* Ha$ Become Very Important These changes have taken place. Of that, there can be little doubt. But there remains the condition that confronts all at the nations of North and South America. We do not know in this country what influences are operative in South and Central America. Of course, it is known that subversive agents?Hitler and Mussolini and Stalin?are busy in Mexico. We can see various signs of the boring-from-within that is tak ing place in other nations. But the truth is that we have no real knowl edge of how much progress has been made or whether the parasites that are within the body politic of the Latin countries have left only a shell of solidarity on the surface tor us to see. These things, if they do exist, are highly dangerous to the United States. How dangerous they are, time alone will tell, but time has brought the changes that force the United States to build something in the nature of protective fence. The question is whether that fence shall be on our frontier with Mexico and Canada, or whether it shall be a fence along the shores of the At lantic and the Pacific, and whether the United States can build a fence at all to make trespassers keep out. It was only a few years ago that the Washington government was sort at letting the South American repub lics bold their elections with gunfire ?tvt thinking nothing of it. Now, those elections are important to us. The United States cannot go down there and supervise the elections. That would be the surest way to dis rupt the relations of a more or less peaceful character that exist be tween the various republics. Yet, anything that is done by any at thoee governments now, anything that affects their status in relation to any other nation in the New world, becomes a matter paramount In importance. U. S. Nut Bear Bar Jam Of War in Amaricat Probably, the Havana convention will come in for aome very harah criticism. It likely will be said by soma, for instance, that it is an other step in the direction of war and that its terms will result in American troops being used all over South America at some time in the future. To the extent that the Unit ed States must fight?if war comes to this side of the Atlantic?the Ha vana treaty will send out troops south of the border. It may be that such a result would have to come, anyway, whether the United States was aligned with its sister repub lics or not. If war comes our way?ahd I see no reason for it to come over here? the United States is going to have to carry the burden. The United States has the great stake and it must defend that stake. So, the question turns on whether it is arise to take in so much territory by a written agreement, or arhether to persist in following the doctrine of President Monroe as is now a tra dition, dealing with the problems as they arise. SPEAKING OF SPORTS By ROBERT MeSHANE Fifth Pennant? Yanks Think So! '"pHE Yankees, whose courage and * optimism are much higher than the team's batting average, still ex pect to win the American league pennant. The strategy they expect to em ploy is comparatively simple. They're going to make a powerhouse drive in late August and September. At least that's the present hope. The Yanks have it all figured out ?and not without considerable logic. They point to the (act that they're not so far behind even with so many of their better hitters below .250. It wasn't so very long ago that "Mur derer's Row" dwindled to a puny .248 ; average?and a bit lower. Even the St. Louis Browns were above the Yanks with a .257. Still Good Defensively You can guess what will happen to the present race if the Yanks? particularly the sluggers?really wake up and climb back to their 1939 hitting form. It wouldn't take a very big increase in hitting to put them at the top of the league once more. The McCarthymen figure Cleve land as the team to beat due largely to the Indians' pitching staff. Than, too, they feel that Cleveland has a better infield than either Boston or Detroit. The Red Sox are a gang of hitters, but their own pitchers don't help win enough ball games. The Yanks it may be remem bered, lost their first six extra in ning games. Some of the previous year's punch was lacking. It isn't inconceivable that four pennants and four World series in a row had quite a bit to do with the lack of snap. Why the Slump? Hitting (lump* arc hard to pin down?too^many things enter in to make definition or solution easy. A slump might start out from purely natural causes?such as bad body motion. Then it turns into worry. The hitter tries too bard, becoming tighter with each trip to the plate. Then the lack at confidence disap pears after a few hits. The hitter has his eye once more. But don't count the Yanks out yet. They've done all right with a mis erably poor batting average, and when they find themselves even a nine or ten game lead won't look too secure. ? ? ? Trick Shot Artist Is Wizard of Fairways - T ACK REDMOND, one of the most successful gotten currently pounding America's fairways, didn't get that way because he won a lot of tournaments. Redmond is a trickster. Possibly ?and very probably?he couldn't take the measure of Slammin' Sam my Snead or Jimmy Thompson in a 34-hole match, but neither could Trick (oUer Jack Redmond pre pares to drive one off a hamaa toe. Sam or Jimmy equal Redmond in sheer entertainment tor the gallery. Redmond got his start during the World war when?ao the story goes ?an officer took a liking to him and asked the young recruit to play a round of goIf. Our hero didn't know a tee from a trap, but that day he shot an 81 to defeat his amand hoot. Eight months later he became a professional. But tournament competition was just a bit too rugged, Redmond now recalls, and he wasn't very happy teaching rookie golfers the finer points of the game. Gradually be developed a bag of trick shots, such as driving a ball off somebody's nose and blasting tour balls out of a sand trap with one swing of his mammoth niblick. The spectators lapped it up. and soon Redmond found himself giving demonstrations. To make a long story short, he's been following this unique profession tor 18 years. GENERAL HUCH S. JOHNSON Jayri BIBLE AND CONSCRIPTION WASHINGTON. ? My repeated statement that compulsory selective service is also of biblical origin has been challenged. Well, the draft consists of three steps. First comes registration of the whole adult male population and classification ai to availability for military service. In Numbers 26; I and 2 "The Lord spake unto Moses . . . saying take the sum of all the . congregation of the Children of Is rael from 20 years old and upward throughout their father's bouses, all that are able to go to war in Is rael." The ensuing firXt "registra tion report" showed 601,730 regis trants. The next step is the assignment at quotas. Numbers 31-3 "Moses spake . . . arm some of yourselves unto the war ... of every tribe a thou sand .. . shall ye send to the war." They were drafted and inducted Some men are "exempted" ac cording to regulations. For rules of exemption in the Mosaic draft, see Deuteronomy 20; 3-6. Briefly, they exempted men who were pro viding homes and had not ""def eated" them, newly married men, men who were growhig vineyards not yet mature and, cniioutfy enough, self-confessed cow Aids. In Deuteronomy 24-6, the "married man" exemption was cenfltwd to one y*ar. The theory of this selective serv ice is found m Numbers R4 "And Moses said unto the children of Gad (Gad correct) and (he children of Reuben" (who wanted to call it a day in the conquest of Omasa) "shall your brethren go to war and ?hall ye sit here?" Then he recalled an earlier evasion at mflilaif serv ice by the children at Kadesb-Bar nea and reminded them that "the Lord's anger was thdlel against Israel and he made tfaam wander in the wilderness for 40 years." Ha entire tribes of Retdian and Gad (Gad correct) marched, "every man armed to battle." Maybe all that was net. a faithful forerunner at our selective ataihn system of 1617 and the Burke-Wada worth bill at today, but it seems ae to me. It is interesting but unim portant, because there is nb respect* able argument M law, morals or ethics against the universal abHga tion to military service when R in necessary to the safety of a people It is inherent in the social csmpact. These be four dollar word* hot I imagine something like tins hap MfipH Of and Of and aome other cave men got tired of losing hides, cat tle and women every time some great Neanderthaler Snaggletooth in the next valley decided to raid off the reservation Singly he coatd bash in the brains of any. They held a conference and ub-glubbed a gang-up on him. The next time he came they sent him howling home That kept the peace. Some kind at society became possible and that tribe was formed and an its way to better things sad the mare abundant life. Pine. But could Og or Ug. or whoever live under the pi nlenMen of that pact for months or years, when old Snaggletooth threatened agato? as Moees said?sit there while their brethren went to war! It is an in escapable duty of every single msa who has enjoyed the collective pro tection of any nation. The objections wont stand m "We have not Bom it before." We have rarely needed to do it before. But every time we have needed to do it, we have done it-three times. "Tea, but not in pence?only in war.". The obligation arises with the dan ger and in proportion to k This danger is great enough. This duty has nothing to do with the legal formality of a declaration of war. Pew recent nrara have been "de clared." If ore bad to wait idly for that ere would be lost. In modem war you can't fighf if you're not trained. If there is an obligation to fight there is an obli gation to train. ? ? ? A STUPID BLUNDER The changs in the proposed draft bill ages SI-SI from ages IMS lor registration, was forced by. an ab surd acarehead ballyhoo that fooled a lot of people into believing that the "draft would affect 42,000,000 men at terrific expense and no ne cessity." The dysft will affect only die num ber of men drafted. That has noth ing whatever to do with the num ber registered?except that if too few are registered the whole scheme becomes grotesquely .nefficient and unfair. The change?at least as it relieves men between 10 and 2], and those over 01 from registration?is a stupid blunder. , ' A '
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Aug. 15, 1940, edition 1
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