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The Alamance Gleaner VoL LXVI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1941 No. 52 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS By Edward C. Wayne ? President's Third Inaugural Address Emphasizes Faith in U. S. Democracy; Lease-Lend Act Fight Rips Party Lines As Cabinet Supports Roosevelt's Plan (EDITOR'S NOTE?Wkra opinions nro expressed In these columns, they ?re these of the news analyst ?nd not necessarily of this newspaper.) a by Western Newspaper TTninn \ THIRD TERM: Inaugural After taking the oath of office as President of the United States for a precedent breaking third term, Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered to a waiting nation a high tribute to his faith in democracy. In the Inaug ural address which was marked with constant references to the "spirit of America" and the "spirit of democ racy" the President declared that the purpose in his next four years of office would be to: "protect and per petuate the integrity of democracy." "For this," he said, "we muster the spirit of America and the faith of1 America. We do not retreat. We are not content to stand still. As Americans, we go forward, in the service of our country, by the will of God." While some of the pomp of other Inaugural days was missing because - of the solemn pall of foreign affairs that hung over Washington, the thou sands that lined Pennsylvania ave nue to watch the President pass cheered loudly as they saw his party. The day was bright but a raw wind chilled the onlookers. High point of the day's historic rituals came when the President standing below the Capitol's white dome, placed his hand upon a 200 year-old family Bible and swore for the third time to "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution." The oath was administered by Chief Jus tice Hughes of the Supreme court. mUKUillJJL: Looks Ahead HARRY HOPKINS 'Donndl'i personal ambassador.' Winston Churchill, following his conferences with Harry Hopkins, Roosevelt's personal ambassador, looked into the future of the war dur ing 1941. He said that Britain would not And the war less terrible this year than last, would have to face continued destruction of British towns and cities without being able to make adequate reply. He admitted Hitler's great advan tage in being able to move his armies about Europe at will. Churchill said Britain wanted no armies from overseas in 1941, but would need a constant stream of munitions, "far more than we can pay for." Britain, however, is not in "ex tremis" if such, aid comes, said Churchill. He said: "We have enoufh men on the light ing line to hold the front line of civ ilization if we get American aid and American credits." This unheralded address before a Glasgow audience was widely quot ed in the lend-lease light in Wash ington. BITTERNESS: And Unity President Roosevelt's inauguration day came at a time when the fever at the country was away above nor mal in a bitter light over the lease lend bill?No. 1176. Not since the Supreme court light had the press of the nation printed stories of such vitriolic attacks by ooe group upon another, with coun ter charges and charges flinging themselves acroaa-pommittee tables with apparent utter abandon. Party lines were smashed to smithereens, with Wlllkie claiming the Republican party would kill it self forevermore if it failed to recog nise the principle of "blank-check" aid to Britain, and allow Roosevelt all the power be desires. Republican Tinkham countered competent" on foreign policy ques tions. Ambassador Kennedy was be ing welcomed with open arms by isolationist editors and hailed as a comrade and then said he considered the isolationists the worst "defeat ists" of aU. American unity, supposedly the nation's greatest safeguard during the stress of national defense pre paredness, appeared jeopardized. National leaders differed in their prescriptions for the critical moment as far as the poles. They ranged from Carter Glass, Virginia, who wanted the U. S. to declare war at once, to the outright isolationist and non-interventionist of the type of Montana's Senator Wheeler, who opposed No. 1776 from opening word to finish. While this was the temper of of ficial Washington, a couple of U. S. sailors fanned the flame by tearing down a Nazi banner from a German consulate celebrating the seventieth anniversary of the founding of the German Reich. They clambered up to a ninth-story flagpole in San Fran cisco to cause a national crisis to become that much more critical, ?while thousands cheered on the side walk below. I CABINET: Rolls Sleeves I CORDELL HULL With other*, he 'went to beL* For once in a national issue, ap pa^ntly that entire part of the Pres ident's cabinet which could conceiv ably have anything to do with the situation rolled up its sleeves and went to bat for No. 1776, the lease lend bill, calling for all-out aid to Britain. Morgenthau, treasury secretary, stepped into the arena, declaring that Britain was right then at the end of her dollar rope, and that some form of unpaid-for aid must be found if Britain was to continue to get supplies. Hull, in a most powerful Session with the committee which left the nation stunned, excoriated the total! tarians, and called for the nation to realize that the crisis was real and immediate. Stimson, war secretary, declared in a two-day bout with the commit tee that he favored sending Amer ican warships "anywhere," and that Britain's complete crisis was ? mat ter of 60 to 90 days. Navy Secretary Knox hinted that the real crisis might be the wresting of Britain's navy from her control by the Nazis, who then would be able to establish themselves in South America. ASIATIC: Turmoil Crows All Europe and all the Western hemisphere was watching the dip lomatic battle between the United States and Japan before a backdrop of Asiatic warfare that was becom ing daily more sanguinary and gloomy. Even the Battle of Siam was as suming more headline proportions, with conflicting reports from French Indo-China and from Siam itself as to the success of the counter moves. Most positive claims were made by little Siam, which claimed that important Indo-Chinese border points had fallen to their arms. And while the French did not deny these facts, they did claim that any such advances had been purchased at an enormous loss in manpower. European diplomats of the Axis powers were striving to keep Japan and the U. S. at odds, thus hoping to cement Japan more firmly to the Tag Day Inaugural day was really "Tag" day for news photographers who covered the event as the above pic ture clearly shows. Here Charles Knell, news photo agency camera man displays a few of the passes necessary to wear and keep in plain view throughout the day's events. FORWARD: Go the Greeks As Germany still continued to withhold aid to Italy in Albania, the Greeks moved steadily forward in their effort to drive Italian forces from the western shore of the Adri atic. A thousand "crack" troops were reported captured in one engage ment, and all along the southern and eastern battle lines, the advance was steady, but slow. Many American Greeks, most fa vorable to their countrymen's cause, were most cautious about the situa tion, however, informed sources holding that the Germans were hold ing back only because of the dif ficulties of fighting over moun tainous Balkan terrain in the win tertime. They believed that the Nazis would move in force, perhaps not through Bulgaria (which would bring Turkey, perhaps Russia into the war) but through Jugoslavia. < While admitting that many things may happen in the next two months to change the situation, these sources felt anything but confident | that the Grecian forces, in the long 1 run, could drive out the Italians. Particularly on the northern front was the advance slow, though in cen tral Albania Klisura had fallen and Tepelini was apparently a certain ty, and Greeks in the north, it was felt, might be particularly vulner able to a sudden attack from either the Bulgarian or- the Jugoslavian border. German aid on the Albanian front to that point, however, had confined itself to the entrance of a few Stukas > and bombers from the forces quar tered (reportedyl) on Italian soil. EGYPT: Quiets Down In the African campaign, the Ger man! began the groundwork of more vigoroua aid to Italy, while the land attacka of the British colonial army continued favorably, though not quite so sensationally as in previous weeks. The fall of Tobruk, another impor tant Mediterranean port, was re garded as a foregone conclusion, and the British armies, in command of Libya's important coastal roads, moved at trill toward other objec tives like Deraa and Bengasi, the country's capital. Yet there was a feeling, almost like an "aura" of standstill in the land campaign, posaibly attribute- 1 ble to a rearrangement of forces for a new offensive. That the Italians were anything but satisfied with the situation was the most favorable reaction evident in press dispatches. The Fascist army in Africa was regarded as having been rendered impotent, and . without German aid in considerable numbers, Britain was favored to make its victory in Africa complete. Yet events seemed to be pointing to the fact that the Nazis were plan ning such a move in force, and watchers anxiously awaited the un folding of such a plan. PLANE: Versus Warship Loss of the 9,000-ton cruiser South ampton in the Mediterranean after an attack entirely by Stukas finally settled the question of whether a firat-clasa warship could withstand a first-class plane attack. The planes won the verdict. Yet the Illustrious, 26,000-ton new Brit ish aircraft carrier was mote fortu nate, and escaped, though apparent ly with tremendous damage Inflicted upon her. >7mr.f*rz/znrma& America May Face Loss Of Farm Export Market! Wickard Finds Less Production No Solution; 1 Army Undertakes to Build 'Morale' Among New Recruits. By BAUKHAGE National Farm and Homo Hour Commentator. WNU Service, 1395 National Press Bids., Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON.?Few people real ized how much dynamite there was in that speech on agricultural pre paredness which Secretary of Agri culture Wickard delivered at his old alma mdter, Purdue university, the other day. While he didn't come right out and say so in so many words, the secretary sounded the knell of hope for a foreign market for farm sur pluses. That speech marked the be ginning of a new farm policy in the United States based on what is believed by officials here to be a permanent and not a temporary loss of export trade. "The facts are," said the secre tary, "that the trend of American farm exports has been downward since the turn of the century. Now I don't mean to say that the decline has been constant. You know better than that. It has been by fits and starts. Exports shot up for 15 years. Exports fell off like a stone dropped from a tower after the Smoot-Hawley Tariff act of 1930." In that paragraph is the secre tary's hypothesis from which he draws his conclusions. SURPLUS STATISTICS According to the best statistics available here "there are two bales of cotton on hand in the world today for every bale that will probably be used in the current marketing year" and "there are at least 2,000,000,000 bushels of wheat in the world today for which no market exists" and "a similar situation exists in the lard and tobacco markets." The secretary says that the an swer to this problem of farm sur pluses cannot be solved with the two words "reduce production" because we "can't reduce th< number of peo ple who live on cotton farms, or wheat farms, or tobacco farms, in the same proportions which we can reduce the acreages of these com modities." Those are the secretary's words but folks with a good pair of glasses have been busy reading between the lines ana Ull# IS wilfll uicjr aay lie means: "When the war is over our ex ports of farm products, even if they increase for a while, are going to decrease in the long run and we've got to take steps right now to make adjustments in the country." "Adjustments" is the secretary's own word for it. OTHER 'PAINFUL' POINTS More reading between the lines reveals a number of interesting, if somewhat painful, points: One: Not ofily must the amount of farm products be cut down, but the number of people on farms has to be cut down (i. e. other means of income found for them). Two: Not only must the unsuc cessful farmer adjust himself to this situation by raising stuff that be can eat himself or by getting some other work, but the successful farm er will have to make some adjust ments. For instance, he will have to ex pect a certain amount of inter regional competition. Concretely that means that the cotton farmer will be raising more of his own meat, poultry, and corn. Some of this will spill over and compete with the corn-belt and dairy farmer. It also means that in self-defense the successful tanner will have to co-operate in supporting economic and political effort toward raising the income of the unsuccessful farm er and the whole low-income group. This will mean that the big farm organisations which hitherto have used most of their influence in Washington to get better prices for farm products will have to use some of their influence to raise these low incomes so there will be a bigger home market for the farmers' prod ucts At least, that's the way Wash ington officials look at the farm situ ation today. ? ? ? Army fs Baty Building 'Moral* Napoleon said an army moves on its stomach. He was right and it cannot be an empty stomach either. That's why in Uncle Sam's new army a cook is a cook and not just somebody who says he is because he think* it's easier to be a dough boy than a doughboy. But a full stomach is not all it takes to make a fighting man. It takes morale, and this time the gov ernment has done two things to build that highly necessary factor. It has begun early, before there is a war. It has taken over the whole job to itself instead of farming it out, as it did in the last war, to civilian organizations like the Y.M.C.A. And it's a big job, under the office of the adjutant general. The divi sion in the long west wing of the Munitions building in Washington has SO clerks and 15 officers just to take care of the Washington end. i In the various camps and posts are the many morale services all under this division?the Army Motion Pic ture Service, the Camp Publications, Post Exchanges, Service Clubs, Guest Houses, and even entertain ment for soldiers in towns near the training areas. In the last war it was learned what a valuable factor dramatics played in camp life and they will be encouraged. The Moving Picture Service will offer regular commer cial films, but it will also show edu cational films, and much military in- , struction will be given by means of the moving picture. Top flight mov ing picture executives are serving on a committee assisting in the pro duction of these pictures. Athletics, of course, are a part of morale and are considered impor tant also both from the standpoint of physical training and the build ing of an aggressive spirit which the modern soldier must possess. As Major General Bell said in the last war, "A singing army is a fight ing army," and singing will be a part of the show. The army has its own sonp book and mass singing will be encouraged. The Post Exchange, which is sort of an army general store, is a business in itself. To get an idea of how much of a business a Post Exchange can be, the one at Cha nute field, Rantoul, 111., took in nearly $100,000 in one month last fall. Already a number of camp pub lications have started. I looked over several of them at Morale Head quarters and some are exceedingly businesslike looking sheets. I no ticed in the office was a Ale of the "Stan & Stripes," the famous news paper of the American Expedition ary Force in France. Harold Ross, who edited it in Paris, is now the highly successful head of the New Yorker magazine; Alexander Wooll cott, who was on the staff, is one of America's best-known writers and story tellers. It was my privilege to serve on that paper after the Armistice and I covered the Peace conference under the able direction of John Winterich, then a rear-rank private but news editor of the paper. He is now Major Winterich, attached to the office of the assistant secre tary of war. Probably many fa mous journalists of coming gen erations will get tfleir training on some of these newspapers run un der the auspices of the New Morale Division. Another highly publicized group of this new division are the hostesses. But their job has been largely mis understood. Let me quote from Lieut. Col. Harry Terry, writing in the Commerce magazine: "The term 'hostess' for these business women is a misnomer? they might more properly be called 'secretaries,' which in fact they are. They are the assistants of the Division Commander and cany out his wishes in conducting their vari ous duties. "Providing social entertaimvnt, running dances and other entertain- | ment for thousands of men is no night club job. It will require a high degree of organization ability ; and no mean attainment in social , arts and graces. Operating a cafe- ! teria to meet the requirements of both visitors and troops in such a manner as to build the morale of troops and convince the mothers, sisters and sweethearts that their men are being adequately cared for requires a high degree of technical knowledge and immense tact. Finally, to supervise all these activ ities as well as the buying of food and supplies will need a person of mora than good looks and a pleasant smile." I fjllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllft; Bp.eahi+Uf |.?s>?iair?! | By ROBERT McSHANE j ?-?- - - ? ? U/ I " mm mm OWSUUW? Wj " VWN 11 mtr urw mm ffllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllK WHETHER or not you like it, the New York Yankees again will be favored to win the Ameri can league baseball pennant in 1941. They won't be the Yankees of 1938 or 1939, but they will be better than the Yankees of 1940. And that bodes no good for last : year's pennant-winning Detroit Ti gers. The Tigers' outfield isn't noted | for its extreme youth, nor is the Ti ger hurling staff any too young, in spite of one or two good-looking rook ies. To make matters worse, there's always the chance that Hank Green berg will get caught in the draft , before another year ends. He'd be aa awfully hard man to replace, and the Tigers without Henry would be a changed ball dub. Buck Newsom is a stalwart who is far from through, but Bridges and ! Rowe will have their share of trou ble through a long, bitter campaign. Yankee Chances The Yankee pitching department will be bolstered by the presence of Ernie Bonham. The remaining young Yankee pitchers will have had another year's experience And it isn't too much of a gamble to pre dict that Ruffing will wrap up a few needed victories. Charlie Keller and Joe Gordon should have better seasons than they did in 1949. Keller feU off badly in his hitting and Gordon forfeited sec ond base honors to Bobby Deerr of the Boston Red Sox. Both Keller and Gordon are young and should add plenty ef snap to the Yankees' 1941 scene. Joe DiMaggio's importance to the lineup is almost impossible to over emphasize. One of the great play ers of all time, DiMaggio will be as good as ever in the 1941 wars. Too, Priddy and Rizzuto from Kansas City will bear plenty of watching. Bill Dickey isn't the sure thing of past seasons. A great catcher, he was one of the big reasons for the Yankees' phenomenal success in the seasons leading up to 1940. No oth er catcher ever drove in more than 100 runs four years in a row. How ever, Dickey can't go on forever. But even with Dickey something iff a question mark, the Yanks can depend on Buddy Rosar to take over when necessary. If yeu remember, the Bad Sox were scheduled to sueeeed the ail ing ehamptows last year. They were to he the new rulers when the Yan kees blew. They had their ehaace, but when that ehaaeu came the Bed Sex pitching staff west haywire. The somewhat clouded crystal hull indi cates that the Red Sox win need considerable alteration before they can be considered serious pennant threats. Indian Strength The Y?nkee?' main challenge should come from Cleveland?provid ing Bob Feller isn't requested to join Uncle Sam's fighting forces. Hie In dians' new manager, Roger Peckin paugh, is one of the smartest in the business. He had to be smart to straighten the club out after last year's unpleasant, and very silly, revolt against former manager Vitt. Because of this insurrection, the In dians tossed away the American league pennant. They shouldn't make the same mistake twice in a row?and you can pronounce "row" either way and still be right Never theless, they fumbled the golden op portunity which was theirs in 1M0. Ike Chicago White Sex will be the same hustling ball etab It was last year.asakiag life miserable for the higher-ups Shooter Dickey. Bill's younger brother, is likely to be a big , help behind the plate. Most Improved The St. Louis Browns were the most Improved club in the American league last season and they are like ly to continue to improve. How much they improve will depend strictly on their pitching. While they are far from a classy ball club, a season of steady pitching might see them make a strong bid for a first division berth. While they wound up in sixth place last year with a percentage of .439, it was their high est since IBM. All to all, the Yankees and the Indians should he the two teams to beat, although neither will have a walkaway. There are tee many question marks for every team to consider. Veterans are fading, younger men are subject to the draft ever. Perhaps the most certain thing of all is that the pennant will not go to the Browns, the Athletics or the Senators. Their real need is good material and that's hard to get, no matter how much money is forth coming. - smm - - General MUCH S. johnson Washington, D. C. PRESIDENT'S POWER When the blank check, leaee-lend bill has been bums-rushed through congress, the United States may not be at war?but the President will be. He has announced his peace terms ?freedom of speech and of worship, social security and the end of wars through disarmament?not merely in Europe but "everywhere in the world" including, of course, Rus sia. This is the new world wide Mew Deal with our taxpayers and wosh ers, as they did for the American New Deal, paying as much of the whole bill as the President shall de termine. Mr. Rooeeveh has also an nounced the kind of peace m winch he will not "acquiesce." People who are not at war don't prescribe either the kind of peace that win be accept ed or the kind that won't. The President also asks for ulti mate poorer to dispose all the war strength in America, except mass power (maybe?) to Ight for whom and at any place he dtcides al our guns, ships, planes, shells, rifles, all our materials and far ilities for production and. by the same token, if not all our wealth, then at least billions of it. He can send ss much or as little into the battle lines as he decides, and that is nothing leas than the position of international commander-in-chief. What is requested is the uanpleta strength of the nation m wii??nif war?and in these modern days Ant is SO per cent of military war with a margin over as deadly as military war, if not more so. This astonishing bill was prepared under the direction of Mr. Morgea thau in the Ueaauij and there is good reason to believe that neither Secretary Stimsnn of war. Secretary Knox of navy and Secretary Hall at state was rcnsultad an ilo teems before it was published, asiwhdy beside Henry the Morgue ought to be consulted before we buy a ticket to perdition. We have no effective naval ves sels to send without lsntmg am navy. We can send no modern delay the training of our army. Aid to Britain, yea, but h this imaiww tive hysterical spasm, cant some body be thinking one little Ihm^kt about the interest and nemifly at the United States. mm* I.KASE-LnNw Mlli What would have happened if two months ago anybody had p uyini the lease-lend bill giving the Presi dent unlimited authority to engage ta economic and possibly military war "everywhere in the world," to pro vide a world-wide hill of rights tor people "anywhere in the world," and whether they want it or not? Nobody can say precisely what would have happened, but the chances certainly are strong that it would even have had a hearmg. Certainly, earlier, nobody could have campaigned for office and such a bill. What has happened in the meen time to incite public sentiment to en tertain such a perilous course, sneh a revolution in our ?y stein of gov ernment, such an all-out totalitarian ism in the United States? Certainly not any greater danger to the bel ligerent nations that have our sym pathy There have been some ter rible bombings of cities, but, if any thing, their actual military imaitiun has been much improved. What has happened is the mast effective war-ballyhoo and propa ganda headed by a few sincere and masterful but certainty very rash men. Over the air, in the mail. In the press, their voices for war have been continuous and many times lie volume of any voice for caution. Popular polls have asked hypothet ical military questions on which no mere layman would be likely to have the facts and professional knowl edge to express any valuable opin ion?such as, "Do you think Britain will lose the war, if we do not give her ail aid?" Lacking access to any guiding facts, except the incessant haranguing of the war-criers, who themselves are not much more com petent to give an opinion, these "sample" voters say "yes" in sub stantial majorities to the question: "Shall we go to war?" It is mostly fantastical mnsenes, this government by harangue and unofficial plebiscite, but the result is not nonsense. It is the stark nation al tragedy of the lease-lend bill; sub jecting the wealth, the pence and the' welfare of our country in war to the discretion of a single man, who, with almost unlimited war pow ers in the past for preparation and defense, has not used them wisely or well If be had, should be in
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