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The Alamance Gleaner VoL LXVTI ? GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 13, 1941 No. 6 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS By Edward C. Wayne Hitler Continues 'Drive to the East' As Pressure Nets Results in Balkans; Labor Unrest in Defense Industries Will Be Handled Under New U. S. Agency (EDITOR'S NOTE? Wk?n ?flal*u arc ?syrmU la (k?*? hIuu, they are these ef the news analyst and net necessarily el this newspaper.) ramby Western Newspaper i SURRENDER: Prelude to Peace Nazi soldiers marched into Bul garia. They were not opposed. Bul garian officials who earlier talked bravely, but took no steps to pre pare the nation lor resistance, capit ulated to Berlin's demands when the final test came. Hundreds of thousands of Ger mans poured across the border in 48 hours. Panzer divisions raced across roads and took positions on the borders of Turkey and Greece. They supplanted officials known to be unsympathetic to their cause, ra tioned food, directed transporta tion, and virtually placed the whole nation under German military law and economy. Secret police fol lowed close behind to round up those who loved their country too well for German interests. Berlin announced the occupation as a great military victory, although not a shot had been fired. But the action did have a strangely familiar ring. It paralleled closely the Nazi pattern that brought the downfall at many other European nations where officials had been induced to visit Munich to "guarantee peace." Fascism had come to Bulgaria, ruled by King Boris, from within, long before it had been compelled by force of arms without. Bulgaria was Ibid out, as many other brave but hesitant nations had been sold out?by those groups within its own borders who believed they stood to gain in influence, in prestige and in wealth if a Fascist form of govern ment would be established. They will be disillusioned, as other groups have been disillusioned in other once Independent nations?in Austria, in Norway, in Denmark, in the Netherlands, in Spain, in France and even in Germany itself. Drang Nach Osten It is said no man lives unto him self alone; that his every action re flects on the life of his community and his nation. If that is true, then it is equally true that no nation lives to itself alone; that its policies re flect on its neighbors as well. So it was with Bulgaria. The highways of Bulgaria lead to other frontiers and 300,000 conquest-seek ing Germans rested on the borders of Greece and Turkey. The small Greek army had halted the first Axis move to the east by defeating superiorly equipped Italian soldiers. Turkey, allied to Britain, had stood as the guardian of the eastern Medi terranean. But these nations found ?? 1 KING BORIS OF BULGARIA Fatcum cama from within. themselves in peril. Jugoslavs, through which better roads lead to Greece, was in the same situation. All found themselves facing the choice of fighting against an efficient war machine or bowing to the will of Britain. None had much hope for success if they fought. All looked to England for help, but the problem of sending such assistance was monumental. The Germans had available 26 divisions for use in the Balkans. The only British force competent to deal with such num bers was in North Africa. Whether the British had the means available to transport and land an expeditionary force was problemat ical. General Wavell's speedup campaign in Libya undoubtedly was to clean up that area quickly in the hope of using his troops in the Bal kans. The factor of time and space in such a movement, however, seemed (insurmountable. The hibernating bear of the North, Russia, began to show signs of alarm. Moscow sent a sharp rebuke to Bulgaria, denouncing the surren der. Significantly enough, no pro test was made to Germany. Berlin shrugged off the Moscow statement, with the observation that Russia's attitude was only a defensive one, that its army was not equipped for offensive action. Therefore the pro test was of no importance. Adolf Hitler wasted no time while Turkey, Greece and Jugoslavia trembled. He quickly sent couriers to their capitals with offers of "peace." He said he had no de signs on their territory. Turkey and Greece took small comfort from these assurances. They had seen the same kind of pledges given Po land, Czechoslovakia and other small countries that , now have no way of life of their own. Hitler seemed well along toward success of the old German ambition of drang nach osten, drive to the east. To the east lies the riches of Asia?Egypt, Persia, Syria, India and East Africa. NEW LABOR PLAN: By Executive Order A new labor board to serve as a "supreme court" in disputes involv ing defense industries is in the mak ing. It will be created by President Roosevelt by White House order and consist of 11 men, three to represent WILLIAM 8. KNUDSEN He wanted 30 deyi before a ttrike. the public and four each from labor and industry. The board of non-salaried mem bers would act only in cases where the labor department's conciliation service failed to make progress and so certified. It would have no power of compulsion but would be so con structed as to make mediation ma chinery possible. Strikes ' The President's decision was said to be caused by the 48-hour strike at the Buffalo plant of the Bethle hem Steel company. There 14,000 employees brought their work to a halt when the Steel Workers Organ izing committee (C.I.O.) said the corporation failed to bargain with them. Picket lines surrounded the several miles of fence. But the Office of Production Man agement in Washington quickly stepped in, without waiting for the labor department to get under way. William S. Knudsen and Sidney Hill man, OPM directors, offered a com promise plan of settlement which called for return of all workers with seniority protected, negotiations with the union and an NLRB elec tion. Both sides accepted. Meanwhile in Michigan the United Automobile Workers (C.I.O.) filed notice with the state of Michigan that it will call a strike at the three main plants of the Ford company. Notice of such intention is now nec essary under Michigan law. Knudsen Plan Knudsen, in the meantime, wrote a memorandum to Representative Sumners (D., Texas), chairman at the house judiciary committee, which is considering changes in the national labor laws Knudsen's plan would deny protection of the Wagner act to unions or employees consid ered recalcitrant. He proposed that strikes be forbidden in defense Indus, tries unless employees of a 'plant had given their consent by secret ballot, conducted under the super vision of the U. S. labor department After such notice is served, he pro- : posed the OMP be given 30 days to seek settlement 1 'Heavy Dew* Streets became rivert in the Lot Angeles, Califs area during the storm 'which brought rain figures up to the highest level in 48 years. Here a Reseda, Califs Woman is being helped board a bicycle to the can stay above "water-leveT' on her way home. ENVOYS: Grab Headlines *gSJl?J?g&,*SX~ W ? ?"????? ^wseveit met his ahiD. setting ? S?*S: N? to be oStdone lS?g Vto ? traiD Whlch took Co.JTC.Fv8- amb*asador to the toMT^nd Jfne't John c- Winant to London. That also was a prece IV. Canadian minister was selected for the United States He Tolnnt!.a'i"0id ^'^ton G. McCarthy Toronto industrialist. No strange^ caSS-'w.'w BERMUDA: V? S. Control Grumbling in the house of Sb^1?^ r^uTfai SsKmssusss There toe^Tl?' '?r lnatanca a tenth of ^ M ac<'uire<1 "bout a tenth of the acreage of the tinv a , . . ^ S. navy for its for tourfstf P" ho,eI haa ?? room In another hotel army Stoh^t 8 ** up" Marines have pitchy a camp in still another spot (D T^nnhlngt^n: Rep" CarI Vin"?n If- Tenn ), chairman of the house naval committee, disclosed the terms of the Bermuda lease which similar to the terms ?Ttea^ other bases. They include (1) Thelea? to run 99 years, with the United States granted the right if ?Z!Zary t0T defenae- to assume t-rf1^ control and conduct mill ??nu?" ^ T* any part leased ^ 'II.other areas to be rnnt ! ^ ? ?> Americans to o air ?P?rations and communications within leased rifhf 'Jf Americans to have the ""Storage. near baaes.nd to install de renses, (5) Americans to have the ?m? privilege as the BritlSt to to. t?e of roads and bridges and the right to use British docks and shops INSURANCE: Supervision Asked Discussion of* federal control of tet *aa beard in Washing. ZZLlfiV, ** V* "enatedious. sCS^e^T pV,rtifatin* monopolies. i;,Pike- reptcaentativ. at Securities and Exchange com musion told the committedhfEL Ueved the federal government should "ft "Pplant the state, in ?m?ol comP"nie?, but that a Promm of strengthening the state systems was desirable. Senator O'Mahoney m w.?i yM be opposed the idea.' So did Representative Sumner (D Texa.i toe vice chair^T^^"# "?'drffaMifta"t atton^?e?./? charge of the anti-trust division "we mtoh',^ caW^ot% we might wake up after the war and find we have to take more dras bc^action than otherwise would be MISCELLANY: fi-y SWawsSSS ??rld. The new total was reached when 98,900,000,000 was trs^SwS !?S*2!S!? to New YortlhepOs at glittering bare is jtwt about half I of all the gold in the world. J England May Get Food Under Lease-Lend' Bill Increasing Shortages Now Appear Likely; Roosevelt Opposed to Censorship Of 'Defense' Information. By BAUKHAGE National Farm and Horn* Ham Commantator. WNU Service, 1195 National Press Bldf., Washington, D. O. WASHINGTON.?In the past few weeks the tall figure of a Hoosier farmer has been seen frequently en tering and leaving the White House. This was not so strange to us who watch the busy portals because the man was Secretary of Agriculture Wickard. Like other members of the cabinet, he is called in for fre quent conferences with the Presi dent these days. Cabinet officers and other government officials have been helping the President plan the con crete steps to be taken to aid Brit ain under the lend-lease bill. But what a lot of us did not guess was just what Secretary Wickard was up to. The purpose of those visits has not been officially an nounced, as I write these lines. But it can be safely predicted that he was working out plans with the Pres ident to include farm products among the hrst supplies to be loaned or leased to England. Secretary Wickard was able to achieve his purpose partly as a re sult of his own persuasiveness, and partly for other reasons that I will explain later. Here is the tip-off on the plan the secretary discussed with the Presi dent, in Mr. Wickard's own words. It is pretty cagily expressed but if you know how, you can read be tween the lines. This is what Secre tary Wickard said in a public speech during the congressional battle on the lend-lease bill: Overproduction Held Unlikely. "Frankly speaking, there is little likelihood that we will produce too much meat, butter, cheese, milk and other dairy products in the months to come. I have an idea that all we produce in the South and else where wiU be needed. "The reports about the British food situation are not too encouraging. The British have lost their sources of food supply on the continent. They are handicapped still further by their shipping losses. The Eng lish may want some of our food and want it pretty soon. H they call on us I think we will answer the call. Almost all of the products to be sent to Britain under the lend-lease plan will be proteins (meat, milk and milk products and eggs). There will be. however, some cotton, wheat and tobacco, but these commodities will constitute a minor part of the shipments. The practical arguments for sending proteins are obvious: 1. The extra physical demands on fighting men require a greater pro tein diet. 2. These products up to now have been shipped to England all the way from Australia, New Zealand and the Argentine. Two trips can be made from New York to Britain while one is being made from these distant points. Unfortunately the protein commod ities which are needed by England are not the ones we most want to sell. They do not constitute our great surpluses, disposition of which has caused the biggest headsches in the department of agriculture since the farm problem was tossed in the government's lap. Surplus Produce Unaffected. Furthermore, they are the prod ucts which, later on, when the de fense industries expand, we will need at home because If all our un employed were working full time and eating three meals a day, we would not have enough proteins at the pres ent rate of production to satisfy them. The things we do want to get rid of?the things of which we have enough and to spars?are not as greatly affected by increased em ployment. Deportment of agricul ture experts here will ten you any day that in prosperous times there is not en important increase in the use of cotton, tobacco and wheat. But as far as the British go, they have to consider first things first, and they have all the cotton, wheat and tobacco they need, or they can get these products as conveniently from their own dominions as from the United States. So this new "lend-lease" market woi^t solve the problem of farm sur pluses. Nevertheless, it will absorb some of them, for the government is insisting that along with the pro teins, some of the surplus products s0 be included in the commodities ws dispose of under the lend-lease PlHow long this'new market over mm will laat no on* can say. It la Impossible to predict how long the emergency will last or what the ] fortunes of war will be. But the ef fort of the New Deal planners is to build up an increasing demand at home for die things the farmer raises. As Secretary Wickard says on every occasion when he gets the chance: "Whether they lose or keep the foreign markets, farmers must try to increase consumption in their best market?the domestic market." ? ? ? Praaidant Discusses Nawa Control With Raportara Imagine the head of a European state sitting for half an hour while he ems questioned by a group of newsmen on any subject they chose. Including the government's confi dential transactions! And, yet, that happens twice a week in Washington at the White House press conferences. There the President sits at his desk covered with papers; members of the White House staff sitting about him, two secret service men standing incon spicuously behind him, between the stars and stripes and the presiden tial flag. To us in Washington, the White House press conference is routine. But a recent meeting was so demo cratic, so unlike anything that could possibly happen abroad, that it stands out clearly in my memory. Mr. Roosevelt started it. The ques tion which the American public ought to think about, as he put it, had to do with the ethics, morals and patriotism of making public, matters which might be injurious to national defense. First, should a member of congress divulge testi mony before a secret committee ses sion; second, should a newspaper publish or a radio station broadcast such information. The issue was raised by the publi cation of testimony given by the chief of staff, General Marshall, be fore an executive session of the sen ate military affairs committee in connection with a shipment of army bombers to Hawaii. Censorship Net Desired. The President said he had neither the desire nor the power to censor the news, but he wished us to con sider whether it wm ethical, moral or patriotic to publish any informa tion which the heads of the army and navy believed should, in the in terests of national defense, be "kept confidential. The newsmen did not question the advisability of withholding from the public important military secrets, but they showed plainly that they re sented any suggestion that the free dom of the press be Interfered with. One correspondent Mid frankly that the chief of staff ought not to tell things to congressmen which he did not want to get out because such information always leaked. The President replied, quietly, that nat urally, one did not like to withhold any information asked for by con * Another reporter asked how the preas wm to know what information, once they had received It, ought to be withheld, and what could be printed. The President answered this could be determined by what the heads of the army and navy felt would be injurious to national de fense. The President admitted he had no speciAc proposal to suggest. No deftnite conclusion to the dis cussion wm reached atthe Interview. The incident had one effect. Short ly after the meeting, a writer who is usually excellently informed, stat ed that the President had turned down flatly a plan to place all In formation concerning defense under what amounted to a censorship board. It had been long known that such a plan was placed on the President's desk at the toe war broke out abroad. The President turned it down then. When it came uo the second time, he again turned it down. Later, Lowell Mellett, ad ministrative advisor to the Presi dent, Mid no plan of censorship wm being considered. If war comes, some method of regulating the publication of milita ry information will probably be put into effect. But until that moment, the press and radio will fight for freedom of speech, the spoken word, or the written. Business Is On Upswing in U. S. Commerce Department Finds Increase in Retail Sales Over 1939. WASHINGTON.?The commerce department reports that Americans bought *46,500,000,000 of goods at retail last year, 8.3 per cent more than in 1939 and only 6 per cent short of the 1929 peak. Three other federal agencies like wise published reports indicative of the general business upswing in the past year. The Social Security board said that state employment offices placed 8,200,000 workers in private jobs in 1940?the greatest number in any year since the service began in 1933. In addition, there were 597,000 place ments in public jobs. The Federal Deposit Insurance corporation reported that 1940 had fewer bank failures or forced merg ers than any year since 1935. The Federal Reserve board said the defense program boosted factory and factory equipment expenditures to $22,123,000,000, the highest level since 1929. Beat 1929 Figures. The commerce department, in its report on retail sales, said that al lowing for population increase and decline in living costs "the 1940 per capita distribution of merchandise in physical terms surpassed that of 1929 by a sizeable margin." Secretary Jones said that sales had held at the relatively high level of the final 1939 quarter during the first six months, then swung up ward, expanding about 18 per cent in the fourth quarter. Jones described this year-end surge as "a reflection of the sub stantial increase in employment and income generated by the defense program." Paul V. McNutt, social security administrator, said the 1940 volume of jobs filled in private industry was 20 per cent higher than in 1939 and reflected the increased use of pub lic employment offices in recruiting the labor for defense and other in dustries. Counting both public and private placements, there was an in crease of nearly 9 per cent over 1939 in jobs filled. 18,588,899 Applicants. The number of 1940 applications for work totaled more than 16,500, 000?the largest received in any year in the history of the U. S. em ployment service. The FDIC reported that 43 banks either closed outright or were merged with corporation financial aid in order to save them from clos ing in 1940. This compared with 80 in 1939, 74 in 1938, 75 in 1937, 89 in 1938 and 25 in 1935. Officials said -the reason for few failures in 1934 and 1935 was the weeding out of weak banks during the 1933 banking holiday. The Federal Reserve board, in its monthly bulletin, estimated that 1940 factory and equipment expendi tures represented a $3,000,000,000 gain over 1939, but lacked a similar amount of equaling 1929. Estimates prepared by George Terborgh, board economist, includ ed $8,307,000,000 of plant spending and $13,816,000,000 of equipment ex penditures last year, compared with $7,815,000,000 for plant and $11,206, 000,000 for equipment the preceding year. But, the board added, the biggest gains were due to public construc tion, and private plant outlays were only 59 per cent of 1929 levels. 'Bomb* Turn* Out to Be A Package of Sermons PHILADELPHIA. ? The bomb ?quad wu called out and 30 police men detailed to keep back a crowd of hundreds last night after a man reported he had teen a suspicious looking character drop a package at the side entrance of the Baptist Temple and drive away hurriedly. The package, addressed to Dr. Daniel A. Poling, Temple pastor and world president of the Christian En deavor, was thoroughly soaked in a bucket of oil. Lieut. Albert Granitx of the.bomb squad then gingerly opened it up? a batch of Dr. Poling's sermons, which the printer's son had been lata in delivering. Blind Peddler Loses Dog And Town Opens Purse RENO.?One of the familiar sights on Reno's streets, Jim Bradley, blind peddler, and his Seeing-Eye dog, Delia, disappeared recently. Bradley, a gold miner who lost his sight in a mine accident three years ago, was stranded and heartbroken when his dog died. Word got around and within a week Bradley had (TOO to buy a new Seeing-Eye dog. Oldest Curfew, Rung In 1709, Is Doomed Lack of Fundt May Silence Toum's Ancient Signal. HARTFORD, CONN.-Suburban Wethersfield and Farmington may soon learn that the "curfew shall not ring tonight." Miss Elsie Thompson, treasurer of the Farm ington fund that has kept the old church bell tolling since 1771, an nounced recently that the fund is getting low, and ringing of the Wethersfield bell already is on a volunteer basis. Kiss Thompson's announcement, coupled with Farmtogton's boast at having the only curfew still In op eration, brought forth an uproar in Wethersfield, where the curfew has reputedly rung from the tower of the First Church of Christ, -Congre gational, for more than 232 years. Charles S. Adams, 74-year-old sex ton, who has been pulling the inch thick rope for the last 44 years and whose father yanked it for 21 years before that, says the only time it failed Wethersfield at > p. m. was when a- man living near by was dangerously 01 and its peal was omitted for a few days. This cur few, probably the oldest in the com try, once was preceded by the beat ing of a drum that also called worshipers to church services. The present bell, recast in 1879, is the third to hang in the Colonial town. At Farmington, Sexton Martin Salmanson has been walking from his home several blocks to the First Congregational church to sound the 170-year-old curfew six nights a week far 32 years. Farmington's curfew was silent for a while to 1010 because at to sufficient funds, but an appedl to 1911 produced enough to resmne. No added money has been nuiwd for this settles since 1133. Drugged Cows Provide Slow-to-Soar Pink Milk POMONA, CALIF ?A drug which makes cows ore slow-to-sour mnk milk is heralded by Agricnhartl Ex pert C. E. Howell as a likely medi um to rid horses?and all other do mestic animals?of most of their in terna] parasites. The drug is phenothiazme, parol substance of many dyes. Cows that eat of it pre pink milk which wiD keep for several days m a warm room. . Howell said in an interview thai the drug gave promise of being aw anthelmintic?a medium of Jistiny ing intestinal worms ? of great value. "Experiments on our horses." he said, "indicate that it fc .m-i? easily administered, non-toxic and cheap?which means that far the first time the average fanner may have a method which is not too ex pensive, to rid his horses of the par asites that weaken them and reduce their resistance to disease." Phenothiazme, said Howell, first was synthesized in IMS, hut was not put to practical use until MM, when it was used to destroy muannito larvae. At 61, Man Think* He's Not Too OM to Fight! SACRAMENTO, CALIF.?TonTe never too old to fight?or at leapt, so thought George Bradford McKfo ney, cab driver. And there's an law again' it. "I thought it might ba a good idea." McKhmey said as he ex plained his actions. "So, I went up to the draft board 11 at Rad wood City and said I wanted to reg ister. They said there wam't any law against it." Later when the draft board clerk was looking over the registration and came to No. M, he said: "This guy has enough experience to be a general. Let's see?tank corps, expert rifleman, sharpshoot er, lost part of one ear in the Spass lah-American?what the?hey, he's 61 years old." The veteran answered: "Heck, if I can drive a cab I can drive a tank, can't IT" The board will hold McKmney's application on file in case the ptes , ent emergency becomes mora seri ous. Patron of Art Requires Only $1 in Iowa Town CEDAR FALLS, IOWA.?All that is needed is fl to be a patron of art in Cedar Falls. That amount will make you a member at the Cedar Falls Art association tor one year. The whole thine is the idea at Ferner Nuhn. art enthusiast and wTiter. Nuhn's idea is to brine art, painting in particular, within the ranee it the averaee pocketbook. Already (the project is only a few months old) an art gallery has been established in Cedar Falls. Her* visitors may see, and purchase, the work of Iowa artists. . jt.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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March 13, 1941, edition 1
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