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The Alamance Gleaner Vol LXVII GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1941 No.^jf WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS By Edward C. Wayne British-Russian Forces Invade Iran In Drive to Foil Alleged Nazi Coup; Navy Takes Over Shipbuilding Plant; Fierce Battle Marks Russo-Nazi War ? (EDITOR'S NOTE?VTkia ?pinions nro expressed In these columns, they are those ef the news Analyst and not necessarily of this newkpaper.) by Western Newspaper Union.) COLOGNE, GERMANY.?This picture fives a dramatic view of a recent sensational daylight air raid by the British Royal Air force on a huje power station In the vicinity of Colofne. The bombers flew at a height of less than 100 feet at times. Much of the smoke was caused by air raid missiles and many direct hits were seored. The planes then swept lower still to get photographs like this. PRODUCE: Or Else While President Roosevelt struck out at critics who said that produc tion was lagging, quoting chapter and verse, also war department fig ures to show Senator Byrd at Vii^ ginia that he had been misinformed, he also put the Kearny, N. J., ship yard back into production by order ing the navy to take over the plant. Secretary Knox sent one of his admirals to take charge, and his tory, made when the army took over the North American Aviation plant, was repeated. Yet there was said to be a differ ence in this latest plant seizure, in that the navy would not plan to re linquish it to the private owners after putting it in operation, but continue to operate it as a navy yard. Thus the eventuality oddly enough sought by men and employer as well in this instance, was brought into being, an eventuality which the state authorities of New Jersey sought vainly and bitterly to pre vent Sixteen thousand workers were af fected, and the work on two cruis ers, one almost ready for launch ing, six destroyers, three tankers and two freighters was halted, con tracts adding up to $493,000,000, and awarded by the navy and the mari time commission. The union was the International Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of the C.I.O. IRAN: And Britain The British demand on Iran that she expel all Nazi agents from her borders, and the Iranian refusal to obey, turned eyes again to the Middle East and Near East, and showed that Britain, conquerors of Syria with the aid of the Free French, realized the need of strengthening the position of her forces in that part of the world. Few doubted the ability of the British, with the possible aid of the Russians, to take over little Persia, and present to the Nazis coming down from the Ukraine, or wishing to, a firmer front. It also would ex tend the common frontier with Tur key, and allow Ankara to have an excuse for maintaining a stronger pro-British neutrality. Iran's fears were realized when British troops under the command of Gen. Archibald Wavell crossed into southern Iran and at the same time Soviet Russian forces moved into northern Iran from the Cauca sia. There was resistance encoun tered, according to the early reports from the fighting fronts. London sources indicated that the move ment into Iran came to foil a Nazi coup. The move was seen as a di rect action to the refusal of the Iran to give a satisfactory reply to the British and Russian request that Germans be expelled from the country. Iran was powerless militarily, though with an army technically measured at 130,000, to halt a British invasion in similar force to that which moved in on well-defended Syria, but she was in an important position geographically for Britain's Middle Eastern defense, believed one of the next tactical moves of the war, as the weather in northern Russia was about to tighten into win ter temperatures and snows. JAPAN: 'Not So Wide'? The statement by Ambassador Nomura of Japan in Washington that the bridge between Japanese and American policy was not so wide that it could not be spanned was viewe<f as perhaps a sign of the weakening of Nippon. It was recognized in both Britain and the United States that the far eastern menace of Japan was large ly a war of nerves and a battle of bluff. The Indo-China move both these nations could laugh off as a good Joke provided it did not develop into one of two things?an invasion of Thailand, or a move against the Burma road. Either of these eventualities, it was understood, could reasonably set fire to the powder magazine in the East, yet Japan made no such move, only issuing statements which were more and more bitter. Now Nomura was saying, after a 20 minute conference with Secretary Hull: "He outlined the position of your government. I outlined the position of mine. No conclusions were reached. 'SI believe the gap between the two can be bridged. It would be folly to do otherwise. I have a very strong ponviction that it will be done, but I don't Just know how." And that, at least the "folly" part of it, was exactly what America and Britain had been preaching to Japan for weeks, since the start of the move into Indo-China. It offered room for hope that Japan might yet decline to be the Axis tool. DEFENSE: Of Leningrad The defense of Leningrad, which apparently was to be undertaken by the Russians despite the belief of moat observers that a military in volvement of the city could only end in its total destruction, drew the eyes of the world, heralded by the dramatic announcements of Soviet leaders preparing everyone for the imminence of battle. There was only one way to read this situation, and that was to under stand that the Russian army re sistance on the Finnish front and against the pincers attack from Lat via and the south was crumbling, that the soldiers were fighting rear guard actions and falling back on the Soviet's second city, and that the civilian population was being armed to fight it out. Such a battle 'had been fought only once before in recent world history, and that was in Warsaw, and the pages of that battle were filled with stories of the glorious heroism of the defenders, and of the ruthless destruction of the city and thousands at its inhabitants in the course of the battle. The story was to be even more bitter and terrible in Leningrad, not only, believed most observers, be cause of its greater size and popu lation, but because of the fact that the German invaders undoubtedly were not so "hot" as they were be fore Warsaw, and the Lenin grad ers were 'better prepared. It seemed that the army retreat ing toward Leningrad was not, like the ill-fated Polish army, a rabble in a rout, but an orderly group whose losses might have been heavy, but which was moving backward slowly. Country Invaded This is Slush Mirza Riza PahU avi, 63-year-old ruler of Iran, whose country has been invaded by British and Russian troops. These countries moved in, they say, to prevent Germany from taking over the country. Also, Iran has rich oil fields that would prove of immense benefit to the Nasi war machine. UNREST: Growing in Europe The picture of the growing unrest in Nazi-conquered Europe continued to be sketched in, with the reports ranging from the outbreaks in Vichy and Paris to the article written for the American - Mercury .by Otto Strasser, the "Black Front" lead er, who declared there was more than a possibility of revolution with in Germany during the coming win ter. Dramatic was the broadcast picked up from England in French to the people of France in which the British urged the saboteurs and re volters to hold back -their chief re volt until a signal from Britain, and then to come out in force against the Nazis. Their cue at present, the broad cast stated, was to continue to ha rass the war machine in small, se ' cret ways, not in open, widespread revolt. Yet the report was that the revolts were continuing, that Petain had set up courts-martial for saboteurs, and that opposition elements were being arrested by the thousands by Nazi soldiers and a corps of 18,000 French police. Lieut. Gen. Von Schamburg, Paris commander, having taken thousands of civilians into custody as hostages, ordered that the prisoners be shot in numbers to correspond with the gravity of any offenses against the Nazi invaders. Petain's courts-martial were in vested with the right to give the death penalty, and the order was that such sentences be carried out immediately and without appeal rights for the prisoner involved. Observers held that the severity of these measures was the true mark of the seriousness of the revolt. The Vichy courts were continuing to con vict and sentence to death DeGaul lists, although they were still at lib erty, and lighting on one front or another. GASOLINE: Rations Host station! in the East were be ginning to ration their gasoline cus tomers in odd sorts of ways, so that the driver who wanted gasoline bad ly enough could get it, if only at the rata of five gallons here and live more there. But New York surveyors of the field reported that even the 7 p. m. to 7 a. m. curfew was working pret ty well, with 100 key statkns re porting a 10.4 per cent reduction in sales. The second method was also cut ting sales, though how much re mained a mystery. It was believed probable that the better method would be to enlist the co-operation of the bigger users of gasoline, such as the delivery truckers, bus opera tors, etc., and also to force some political jobholders to stop using their state and city-owned cars for pleasure driving. KENT: A Junket The duke of Kent, the king of England's younger brother, having flown the Atlantic, having flown from coast to coast over Canada, in specting war work and training in the dominion, dropped in on Presi dent Roosevelt at Hyde Park, and then made a rapid trip over Ameri can defense centers. His schedule brought him to New York, Hyde Park, Norfolk, Va., Washington, O. C., and Baltimore, Md., within a few days, and ha re ported himself vastly impressed with what he saw. Post-War Food Problem Needs Intelligent Study Method of Handling and Sharing Surpluses Could Have an Important Effect on World's Economic Future. By BAUKHAGE National Farm and Homo Hour Commentator. WNU Service, 1343 H St., N. W. Washington, D. C. "The most surprising thing, of course, is a real egg for breakfast." The speaker was an Englishman who had just arrived from London and had flown from Nova Scotia to Ottawa, Canada. We were sitting in the Rideau club in Ottawa, the third war-capital which I have visit ed since 1839. As I watched my English ac quaintance enjoying his Canadian salmon and deep dish pie, I real ized how bad the food situation in England must be. In this column I have been writing about the mil lions of eggs which have been shipped across the Atlantic under the Lend-Lease law and the millions of dollars worth of cheese and ba con and fruits which have been pur chased for the purpose of supplying the British Isles with American farm products. "The people in England are worse off now, as far as food goes, than at any time during the World war," said thf Englishman, "and I'm not too young to remember how bad that was." It must have seemed strange to him to be sitting there in the capital of a nation at war and enjoying everything a generous table can of fer. There is, of course, no lack of food for Britain. There is only lack of ships. I myself found it difficult to get the war feel in Canada's capital. There are plenty of uniforms. This city of Ottawa, like Washington, has greatly increased in population; new temporary buildings have sprung up and others are in the process of construction. Even the beautiful new Supreme Court building is hous ing offices of the director of infor mation and other war-torn bureaus; painted signs are pasted on the marble walls and messenger boys and stenographers hurry along the corridors where the stately justices are wont to tread. In Washington we haven't quite come to that yet. Soma Choata Preaent And in these crowded government buildings the same ghosts walk which haunt our own capital. Like the United States, Canada is think ing about starvation in the midst of plenty. And she is thinking about it not only in terms of feeding her mother country, but of the terrible problem she must face with her farm surpluses after the war. "We shall be eating leas American potatoes next spring," said a Cana dian official to me. "We shall go without green peas at Christmas time, but it won't be because we can't get them. It will be because we save our American dollars to pay tor war supplies from the Unit ed States." Canada is building new granaries to store the wheat with which the bams are bursting. Wheat is stored in church cellars and in every avail-' able comer. This growing surplus is a greater threat to the balanced economy of the nation than the dis location of social and industrial life caused by the war. But what is to happen with that grain and the other raw materials when the war is over and starving Europe has no money to pay for them? It is exactly the same ques tion our own farmers face. Well, here is the answer arhich is being given serious consideration by Canadian economists and its inspi ration comes neither from the theo ries of conservative capitalists nor from those who like to toy with the teachings of Karl Marx. It comes From the twelfth chapter of St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans. This Is the passage: "Vengeance is mine; I will repay, ?aith the Lord. Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink; for in so do ing thou shalt heap coals of Are on Ilia head." This is the text of a plain talk by Gilbert Jackson, which has caused considerable comment by of Scials and others who are able to look ahead at the problems of peace to come. Mr. Jackson has a very practical reason for making this ad monition of St. Paul the basis for a policy which he urges be carried out after the war. He proposes a plan to give a very great part of Can ada's surplus to the 400 millions in Europe who will be starving, pover ty-stricken and probably leadcrless when the war la over. Important Effrct "On our immediate treatment of these people when the war ends," says Mr. Jackson, "may depend the future of Europe, in permanence; whether those 400 millions will ever be steady customers of ours again; whether the new countries, includ ing Canada (Mr. Jackson refers elsewhere to the United States as one of the 'new countries') must now try somehow to live, without the world market which was the reason for their existence. "The problem," be goes on to say, "of course is international. It is not a counsel for Canada, but for Britain and ourselves, for our sister dominions in the war, and for that most resolute and helpful of non belligerents, the United States." Britain, it is pointed out, will have no surplus stocks of her own but will probably still have large bal ances in the Western hemisphere, particularly in South America. She therefore can help bear her share in this enterprise?"the greatest giving in history." Uncle Sam, Mr. Jack son says, is no Fairy Godfather; he 'can't do it alone. He will help, but Britain must take the leadership. Such a move now might shorten the war, he believes, if ectual purchase by the governments of these sup plies were immediately announced as a definite policy. It would cost less than six months fighting, he says. I could get no government official to express open approval of the plan, but I found no one who refused to recognize that some such step may be taken eventually. And that is something from a nation bending its every effort, as Canada is, to perfect its military machine. ? ? ? Ail Excellent Booh On Defenee Achievement "My desire is," said Job, "that mine adversary had written a book." My adversary hasn't but my as sistant has, or at least she, and some brilliant Washingtonians have collaborated on a tome, with a red, white and blue cover, entitled, "America Prepares for Tomorrow." Unlike Job, I am unable to make , use of this volume, either to get more work out of my assistant, Pauline Frederick, or any favors from my friend, William Boutwell, who edited and contributed to this very excellent record of American defense achievement. At least, I can't use their creation as Job wished, to condemn them out of > their oem mouths. There is nothing to condemn. It Is a good book if you want to know the latest word as to just what the United Statee government is doing for defense, how the various departments and agencies?including 30 new ones are functioning. According to Mr. Boutwell, when the reader for Harper k Brothers, who published the volume, first read the manuscript, she said: "If Hitler were to read this he would curl up and die." ? ? ? War'b Mact On 'Aoaragd Canadian How to the average Canadian feel ing the war today? Moat intimately, of courae, when the picture of a young fellow ap pears in the paper, reported by the war ministry as killed or missing. Canada has more than a thousand such casualties as reported up to July 1. She has raised Ave divisions for overseas service. A sixth will be raised. Ninety thousand men are now overseas; 300.000 are on active service elsewhere. Coal, gas, certain food products such as pork and cheese which will be used for export trill probably be rationed soon. As early as last fall, aluminum went out of civilian use. There to an ? per cent sales tax on a .large range of manufac tured products. It to an invisible wholesale tax and so isn't so notice able. Canada feels that the real pinch is In the pocketbook. A married Canadian with no dependents pays 17# on an income at $1,400 a year; the $8.0OO-a-year man pays $1,000 income tax. The $10,000 income pays $3,000. Higher brackets turn over mors than M per cant to the Hearing Sense Guides Blind Unusual Ability to Avoid Obstacles Is Subject of Experimentation. SCHENECTADY, N. Y.?Dr. Karl If. Dallenbach, psychology profes sor at Cornell university, believes the so-called "sixth sense" that en ables the Mind to avoid obstacles in their paths is in reality the sense of hearing. In an interview, aided by Michael Supa, a blind graduate student in psychology who serves as his as sistant, Dr. Dallenbach said that in experiments conducted by them at Cornell it was found a blind person becomes aware of an object before he touches it. "After an investigation involving more than 1,700 experiments," Dal lenbach said, "we have come to the conclusion that what has been called the 'sixth sense,' 'teiesthesia,' the 'warning sense,' the 'obstacle sense'?to mention but a few of the catch phrases?is in reality the sense of hearing. Sight v?. Blindness. On one occasion the Cornell psy chologist experimented with tour people?two totally "blind and two possessing normal vision but serv ing blindfolded. Previous to the experiment, the blind subjects as serted that they were able to dis tinguish the .presence of obstacles. In fact, both of them maintained they used this ability every day as a matter of necessity. The sighted subjects, on the other hand, doubt ed at the outset that they would be able to note the presence of ob stacles in their paths. "In that experiment," Supa said, "we had to devise a measurement whereby we could determine the accuracy with which the subject perceived objects and whereby we could compare the performances from trial to trial, and from indi vidual to individual. To establish such a measurement we had the subject walk toward a movable wall, the position of which was varied from tridl to trial." Each subject was instructed to walk toward the wall until he first perceived its presence, the assist ant said. The distance between the place where the subject stopped and the wall was noted, and the subject was then told to move forward until he was as close to the wall as pos sible without coming in contact with it. The first distance divided by the second distance yielded the ra tio that was used as a standard of measurement. Ratio Worked Out. Such a ratio was a good measure ment because at the outset the sighted subjects, tearful lest they run into the wall, would sometimes stop 20 leet from the object and then move up a foot or two. This would give an exceedingly low ratio when compared with the results of those who stopped first nine feet, and then walked up to within three inches of the wall When the subjects were asked how they were able to perceive the wall some said they were able to detect it only when there were sounds of some sort present. Others asserted thst they "felt" the wall. It was on the basis of these oppos ing reports that the subsequent series of experiments were fash ioned. The possibility of pressure sensa tions reaching the face were elimi nated by a veil of heavy felt. The '< veil was constructed to cover the entire face without coming into con tact with it. The subjects as a group, however, were able to detect i the wall almost as accurately as 1 before. i Gigantic Hole Will Aid # Defence?a Copper Pit MORENCI, ARIZ ?An open pit ' copper mine, ? great national de fense aid and one ol the largest privately financed development projects in America's history, will begin full operation soon Equipment totaling <34,1X10,000 will be provided to move 79,000 tons of material every 34 hours. Of this amount 29,000 tons will be actual copper ore, from which an average of 900,000 pounds of M.79 per cent pure copper will be extracted. Construction necessary for the Job includes a smokestack 803 feet high, the tallest in the world, a "power plant, smelter, mill, electric, carpen ter and machine ahope, and a ware- 1 house. In September, 1937, at the site of 1 the present workings, nothing ax- i is ted but a mountain. By May 1, i 1941, 40,000,000 tons of material had < been stripped, leaving a pit nearly ready for operation. 1 The earth is removed by electric J shovels handling 4% cubic yards at I a time, and ia deposited in 43-ton trucks or in trains to be taken to the 1 mtlL t Weave Cable Nets To Protect Ports Naval Aces Have New Plan For Laying Traps. SAN FRANCISCO?Working al most unnoticed, 2S0 officers and men from the 13th U. S. naval dis trict are solving problems of great importance to national defense. Worting with a crane, a few buildings on a hillside overlooking San Francisco bay, three boats, a Held for weaving nets, several thou sand anchors, and 100 miles of heavy steel wire, these men are fashioning defenses that ultimately will be used in every major United States harbor as protection against submarine and mosquito-boat at tack. Called the California City Naval Net Depot and Training Station?a school specializing in the science of trapping submarines in steel nets? ? the situation started from scratch, inasmuch as the science of subma rine defense was found to be greatly lacking when a U-boat pierced the "wonderful" Scapa Flow defenses to sink the British battleship Royal Oak. New type nets are being devel oped, so are new systems of laying them and keeping them in position. The nets are weaved by cables in sections and are stored. When they, are to be put to use, the sections are joined by a large clamp. A crane lifts them out to the water's edge and anchors are at tached to pull them down to the proper depths. Floats hold the nets while they are being towed to their positions and later serve as mark ers. The defense against the mosquito fleet?torpedo boats?consists of floating rafts, similar to log booms, a system first used in this country during the American Revolution. It is expected to be sufficient protec tion. New Liquid Coal Adds to Ship's Cruising Rang* STATE COLLEGE, PA.?A new method of making liquid coal, by which coal is dissolved mora com pletely than ever before, was re ported at Pennsylvania State col lege. The new fluid, when 40 par cent of it is mixed with oil, makes a hotter Are than either coal or oil alone. The process was discovered by Dr. Walter M. Fuchs, professor at fuel technology. A United States patent has been assigned by him to the Pennsylvania research cut pot o tion, an affiliate of the college. The liquid coal-oil fuel promises to increase the cruising range at ships. Although heat from coal generally is cheaper than from oil, it is possible to carry more of the liquid fuel on shipboard because It permits better use at bunker space. The coal-oil mixture can be stored under a water seal, thus reducing Are risks, and in event of Are, ex tinguishing by water is possible. To make the liquid, bituminous coal is treated with acids. These extract what chemists sometimes call the coal substance, which is a complex mixture of hundreds at chemicals. The extraction gets rid of mineral matter and ash. In Anal form the coal substance is dissolved in furfural, an inexpensive chemical available from agricultural wastes such as oat hulls, corncobs and bran. Scott Field Selectee Reporti; He'. 'ColoaeT BELLEVILLE, ILL.?The receir In. officer at Scott Field glanced ap Bt the young man who appealed be (ore him and aaid crisply: "NameT" "I'm Colonel Yates," the man re plied. The officer got to hia feet quickly, then aaid auspiciously: "Aren't you a little young to be a colonel, air?" Yatea grinned and handed him an identification form, and answered, "Yes. air. Colonel is my first name." The officer looked at the form and read: "Colonel Yates, son of Mr. and Mrs. John Yatea, West Salem, ?L Selectee transferred from Camp Grant." 'Wild-Eyed Beast' Slain; Identified as Moskrat SCHENECTADY, N Y.?Patrol man Walter J. Prxastek, investigat ing reports that a "wild-eyed" beast had actually "terrified innocent by zanders," established the night itick as a hunting piece and ended the career of one muskrat. Police said the furry migrant ap parently came out of a creek that runs under the Schenectady busF* seas section. The patrolman's offer of s prime pelt lor anyone who would take it am not accepted.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Sept. 4, 1941, edition 1
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