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' * / The Alamance Gleaner Vol LXVni GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JULY 23, 1942 No. 25 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Nazi Steamroller Pushes Soviets Back In Struggle for Control of Caucasus; j Government Wheat Sells for 83 Cents; Wage Pattern Set by Ruling on Steel (EDITOK'8 NOTE: Whtn opinions are expressed In these eolomns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily el this newspaper.) ___________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. Coast Guardsman Jack Cullen, 21-year-old hero who confronted the Nasi saboteurs who landed on American soil from a submarine, is shown as he was congratulated by Vice Admiral Russel R. Waesche, com mandant of the O. S. coast guard, for his devotion to duty and outstanding performance that led to the capture and trial of the spy ring. Cullen was advanced from seaman to coxswain in recognition of his service. RUSSIA: Nazi Steamroller Adolf Hitler had demonstrated that the long delay before he launched his monster offensive against the Soviet Union had not been wasted and that despite ter rific losses his tank forces had lost none of their striking power. For the mighty thrusts which started originally in the Kursk and Kharkov areas had steadily gained in weight and momentum, forcing their way through the Don basin. The attack developed three spear heads aimed to split the armies of Marshal Timoshenko in the Ukraine and those of Marshal Zhukov in the Moscow area. The northern objec tive was Voronezh on the Moscow Rostov railway; the central thrust 1 was aimed at Kuibyshev; and the southern had Stalingrad as its goal. Moscow made no effort to mini mize the danger of a broad break through. For once holding a line from Rostov to Stalingrad, the Nazis would be in position to swing south ward to Astrakhan on the Caspian sea and into the Caucasus itself, where waited their supreme prize ?the fabulous oil pools of Tiflis and Baku. Moreover, such a move would pave the way for a junction by Nazi Marshal Von Bock with the armies of Japan poised on the bor ders of India far to the east and those of Field Marshal Rommel, on the shores of the Mediterranean. EGYPT: Collision of Tanks Air-borne from Crete came Rom mel's long-awaited reinforcements. Tough and battle-seasoned were they and expert at storming de fenses such as the British were man ning against them in Egypt's crucial El Alamein sector. Tricky Marshal Rommel employed a battle device that had won for him on many a previous occasion?that of beginning his attack at dusk when the sun was in his opponents' eyes. Bringing up heavy tank reinforce ments, both sides battered each oth er in battles on which the fate of Alexandria and Suez depended. The Nazis' immediate goal was a desert coastal ridge five miles west of El Alamein which the British had won from him days before. In the fiercely contested struggle, the RAF was actively engaged, with fighter bombers and light bombers scoring many direct hits on tanks and rang ing far to the rear to harass Rom mel's thinned-out supply and com munication lines. DRAFT: War Effort' "Contributing to the war effort" will be an important factor in de termining the draft status of mar ried as well as single men. In defining what constitutes "con tributing to the war effort," selec tive service headquarters outlined 34 different types of jobs which would place a man in that category and thus delay his induction. Draft officials emphasized that the supply of single men of all classes would have to be exhausted first. WAGES: Raise for Steelmen In a decision regarded as a yard stick for future wage disputes, the War Labor board laid down the principle that workers were entitled to a IS per cent increase, based on higher living costs between Janu ary, 1841, and May, 1942. "rfie ruling was made when the board approved a daily wage in crease of 44 cents for workers em ployed by the so-called "Little Steel" companies: Bethlehem, Republic, Inland and Youngstown Sheet and Tube. Directly affected were 157,000 men. Indirectly the decision was expected to affect more than a mil lion workers, including 600,000 throughout the steel industry gener ally and 400,000 automobile plant workers. The CIO United Steel Workers originally had asked for a $1 a day increase. The WLB voted the com promise wage increase 8 to 4, the labor members dissenting. SURPLUS WHEAT: To Sell at 83c News bulletins had carried the bare announcement that the house of representatives had concurred with a senate proposal to convert government owned surplus wheat into United Nations war needs by feeding it to livestock to produce meat, milk and eggs. But back of that announcement was the story of the breakup of a six-months' legislative log-jam, a victory for the administration's anti inflation program and acknowledge ment by the farm bloc that it must accept less than a parity rate for the sale of this grain. Twice before the house had voted to bar the sale of surplus wheat un less it was made at the full parity price of $1.35 a bushel. Now it agreed to go along with the senate and allow the sale of 125,000,000 bushels of government-owned wheat at 85 per cent of the parity price of corn?or about 83 cents a bushel? for feeding cattle and hogs. The house also agreed that any amount of government-owned grain might be sold below parity prices for the manufacture of alcohol for rubber or munitions. MIDWAY SAGA: Better Than Expected When a naval communique re leased the first official detailed ac count of the Battle of Midway, the steadily growing conviction that the United States had won a victory of major importance was confirmed. The communique revealed for the first time that Japan had sent an armada of 80 ships to assault Mid way as a prelude to the conquest of Hawaii. Final score of the battle was 20 Jap ships sunk or damaged, includ ing four aircraft carriers sunk and three battleships hit; 275 planes de stroyed, and 4,300 men killed or drowned. American losses included the destroyer Hammann sunk, the aircraft carrier Yorktown put out of action and 307 officers and enlisted men lost. CHINA FRONT: Doolittle Sequel Ever since the attack on Tokyo by Brig. Gen. James H. Doolittle and his squadron of American bombers, Japanese objectives in China have been the seizure of areas from which United States bombers might strike again. Thus when Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's battered armies acknowl edged the loss of Wenchow and Ju ian, seaports in southern Chekiang province, after steady withdrawals from strategic points in the Kiangsi Fukien-Chekiang area, another air threat to Tokyo had been removed. Bravely, however, a Chinese offi cial spokesman pledged that with in creasing air support from the Unit ed States, the Chinese army would intensify its counterattacks and would immobilize more Japanese troops in China than ever before. Elaborating on China's view of the war and her role of tying up large numbers of Japanese, the spokesman said both Germany and Japan were "now making desperate bids, as they must score certain successes this summer in order to sustain a long war against the Unit ed Nations." 'FIGHTING FRENCH': U. S. Encourages More effective co-operation be tween the followers of Gen. Charles De Gaulle and the governments of the United Nations was forecast as a result of several steps which co incided with the celebration of Bas tille day. First of all, the De Gaullist movel ment acquired a new name?"Fight ing France" instead of "Free France." At the same time the French National committee loecame an administrative central body. To symbolize the new relationship the United States announced the ap pointment of Admiral Harold R. Stark, commander of U. S. naval forces in Europe, and Brig. Gen. Charles L. Bolte, chief of staff of the army's European headquarters, as military representatives to Gen eral De Gaulle's headquarters in London. This step did not affect United States relations with Vichy, already badly strained by Pierre Laval's re fusal to accede to President Roose velt's request that French naval ves sels interned at Alexandria, Egypt, be removed from the danger of Axis capture. SECOND FRONT: Dress Rehearsal? From London came two signifi cant reports indicating that plans for the long-heralded Anglo-Ameri can second front in Europe were going steadily forward. Just when such a front would be possible, how ever, no military observer would hazard a guess. Described as a "prelude to what may be major military operations on the European coast," powerful American and Canadian forces plus an! mmm iaamai wmmrnm^mxm GEN. DWIGHT EISENHOWER . units of the Royal navy and ma rines carried on the greatest raid and invasion maneuvers ever held in European waters. At the same time, Lieut. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, commander in-chief of American forces in the European theater, continued me thodically the job of setting up the organization that will carry on the offensive. Giving attention to land, air and supply forces, he announced > that Maj. Gen. M. W. Clark would command all ground forces, Maj. Gen. Carl Spaatz would command air forces and Maj. Gen. J. C. H. Lee would be responsible for sup plies. OP A: 'Politics Out' Price Administrator Leon Hender son has won many an enemy among professional politicians for his blunt disregard of partisan tactics. Hence his latest warning to OPA em ployees that any political activity would result in instant dismissal, was not calculated to gain him any new friends among the politico*. But observers believed it would step up the OPA's efficiency. New Weapons .To Jolt Nazis 'Frightful Surprises' Now in Production Called Key To Victory. WASHINGTON.?New and secret aerial weapons, which will deal the Axis some "frightful surprises," have been developed by American warplane manufacturers, it was dis closed with publication of the air craft year book for 1942. "There are many new. develop ments under way, not experimental but actually in production and prom ising soon to give the enemy one jolt after another," the book declares. It is published by the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America and edited by Howard Mingos. Holding that superior air power is the key to victory, the book says the United Nations look to the Unit ed States to furnish planes and men. China Needs Planes. "China must have American planes, fliers, service crews and a steady stream of supplies," the book says. "So must the Pacific islands, Australia, New Zealand, In dia, North and South and Central Africa. So must Russia, the Near East, and above all, England, and, ultimately, Norway, Free France, and others now craving American help in expelling the invaders." The book asserts the United States will need planes for its own armies and those of its Allies, for convoys to guard against attack from the air and to protect the entire west ern hemisphere?"all our far-flung bases in all our neighboring seas, all the coastlines, the islands off every shore. "Still that is not all. Our surface navy must have more air force than the enemy can possibly bring up for attack at any one place, at sea or in port, throughout the world. At the same time our striking air forces must be numerically superior on every mission everywhere. Build Air Strength. "Finally, our American air forces must be built up to a strength which will enable them to take home to the enemy, in every lair where this evil spawns, the ceaseless, devas tating attacks with thousands of tons of high explosive bombs that must obliterate eventually his arsenals and his home defense, and in some cases inevitably annihilate his peo ple on the ground, and win the war." Credit for much of the progress of the war aviation program is given to Lieut. Gen. Henry H. Ar nold, chief of the army air forces, and Rear Admiral John H. Towers, chief of the navy's bureau of aero nautics. Veteran of Three Wars Is Back in U. S. Army NEW CUMBERLAND, PA.-Vet eran of three wars, Mike Vujovich, 53, a coal miner from West Hazel ton, is back in the army as a buck private. Mike, who was outfitted at the army depot here while waiting for assignment, said he hoped to see active overseas duty with infantry troops, despite his age. A native of Montenegro, Mike fought against Turkey in 1912 and the following year served with the Serbian army against Bulgaria. At the close of the campaign he emi grated to the United States. He went into action again as a member of the Arizona National Guard's expedition to the Mexican border against Pancho Villa and shortly after the outbreak of the World war went to France with the 89th division. Mike returned home from the war wearing a sergeant's stripes, but just now he'd just as soon be "a good private as a bum sergeant." U. S. Army Curb* 'Black Market' in Cigarettes SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA?Ameri can army authorities, co-operating with Australian customs and excise officials, have instituted new restric tions on cigarette sales to prevent American soldiers from peddling them to natives in a new "black market." The army stores department has banned the sale of more than one pack of American cigarettes a day to the United States soldiers, and has ruled that the corner of the package must be torn before sale. Australia has likewise moved to stop the illegal traffic by making possession of American cigarettes by Australians an offense under the smuggling laws. Following imposition of restrictions on civilian use of tobacco here, boot leg traffic grew serious. American soldiers, who could purchase unlim ited quantities tax free at their can teens, were re-selling the packs for as much as 60 cents each. New Drug Combats Blood Clot Danger Doctors Report on Method to Fight Thrombosis. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.?New dis coveries in research to combat thrombosis and its danger of circu latory obstruction were reported to the American Medical association. The investigators, including Drs. Irving S. Wright and Andrew G. Prandoni, of New York; Jesse L. Bollman, F. W. Preston, Edgar V. Allen, Nelson W. Barker and John M. Waugh, of the Mayo clinic, Roch ester, Minn., presented a joint pa per on their findings. Their work was performed with dicoumarin, a substance obtained from spoiled clover, and used in re ducing coagulation of the blood. The paper explained that one of sur gery's serious risks is the possibility of formation of blood clots which may remain at the point of their origin, or may be carried into the blood stream and obstruct circula tion. In the past, the paper said, a sub stance known as heparin was used. This is isolated from horse liver, is costly and must be administered by vein injection, requiring careful su pervision. Dicoumarin is about one tenth as costly and can be given by mouth. The investigators said dicoumarin was discovered after cattle breeders complained that their stock fre quently, for no apparent reason, bled markedly and often fatally. Re search workers learned the bleed ing followed the eating of improper ly cured hay or silage made from sweet clover. Col. Norman T. Kirk told the or thopedic surgery section of the asso ciation that the use of sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole had aided greatly in closing of wounds in this war much earlier than during World War I. Western Cowboys Guard Army Ordnance Depot PUEBLO, COLO.?Western cow boys are riding herd on something far more valuable than steers these days on the plains near Pueblo. They are serving as mounted guards at the huge army ordnance depot near here and Maj. Harold Horse, of Kansas City, who at 29 is the youngest ordnance depot com mander in the nation, says they are far more satisfactory than automo bile patrolmen. Besides their greater maneuvera bility, the cowboy guards can pa trol the miles of arroyo-etched prai rie without using precious tires or gasoline. The Jrueblo cowboy guards, offl cials say, .are the first ever used to guard a modern war plant. The bronzed guards wear old-fash ioned'six-shooters strapped to their hipa and carry lassos on their sad dles. They say they are ready for anything?but so far they have not run up against anything tougher than prairie rattlesnakes. They shoot them just for practice. An Old French Cowhand Make* His Way Home VICHY.?A French soldier who escaped from a German prison camp in Silesia said he had led a cow across most of Germany and had been mistaken by Nazi patrols as a farmhand taking the animal to pasture. He and the bedraggled1 cow ar rived in Amiens four weeks after he left the prison camp. He said the cow had nearly died of fatigue, and they had to rest several days in the Rhineland. He sold the cow to an Amiens butcher. Refusal of Priorities Halts Big Highway Job EDMONTON, ALTA.?Because the federal oil controller has refused priorities, some 40 miles of main highway surfacing which was to have been done in Alberta this sum mer has been suspended, probably for the duration. While asphalt will be made avail able for road repair work, materi als for the long-range program which the provincial government planned will not be available because of the demands on the country's fuel requirements for war purposes. Leave Old Mining Town As Dam Backwaters Rise REDDING, CALIF. ? The little town of Kennett, with less than 200 inhabitants, will be empty and un der water before long. The evacuation of residents will be completed before August. Then it will be submerged by the waters in the reservoir rising behind giant Shasta dam. U. S. Bond Purchases Are Better Than Forced Savings Federal Taxes Unable to Cover Total of Present War Expenses; Transport Planes' Importance Growing. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1343 H Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Washington, which never hesi tates more at offending the elec torate than in election year, today is faced with doing that most of fensive thing of all?taking away the people's money. The President's anti-inflation pro gram has not been carried out and nobody dares take the first cruel step to put it into force. The love of money may be the root of all evil, but the presence of too much money in too many pock-, eta has become an evil, too. The two methods of rooting out this evil are to stop the money coming into all these pockets and to take it away after it gets there. I have had an interesting glimpse into plans for the taking away process through the eyes of some of the men who have some very decided views on that subject. My story begins in a very ornate corner of the Capitol building just off the senate floor. Senator Z was opposite me. I al ways call on him when I want an idea in a couple of pungent para graphs. He was once a newspaper man himself, and as a timid repre sentative of a news syndicate many years ago I used to beard him in his news den. "Senator," I said, "what are you going to do about taxes?" Senator Z's eyes lighted up. He shifted his cigar. "Baukhage," he said and slapped my adjacent knee, "I am not going to do anything? now. When the timf comes I am going to do a lot. Let me tell you something. Last January Secretary Morgenthau came and talked to some of us. He said: 'I know it's hard for you folks to vote for a big tax bill in election year. But it's got to be done. And I'll tell you what I want. I want the country to pay for the war two-thirds of the way as we go. I want you men here to make a team and agree to that. Taxes to equal two-thirds of ex penditures.' "So we agreed. But in the five months since then the expenditures have increased so that the balance has been thrown completely out. In stead of paying with taxes two thirds of current expenses we will be lucky if we can pay one-third. "And let me tell you this: It is A lot better to make the taxes lower, to leave some money in the taxpay ers pocket and force him to buy bonds. I'm not coming out for compulsory savings now for that would defeat itself. I am going to wait until Joe Doaks begins to real ize what is happening. "And let me tell you thisl" "When this war is over, unless the money to fnhd the war debt Is still in Joe Doak's pocket, Joe is going to lose it and the whole economic framework of the country will go to pot. Joe doesn't know that. Be thinks the money in the bank is still his. It isn't. It's the bank's. Now Joe won't keep the actual money in his pocket. Be'U spend K. Eventually the bank will get it if he does. Bat if he buys a government bond and pots that in his pocket, he will be safe. 80 srtn the country." "Well," I asked the senator, "when are you going to do some thing about this, are you going to come out for compulsory savings?" "No," he said, "but I have a plan, and when Joe Doaks realizes that Henry Morgenthau's voluntary purchase of bonds has fallen down I'll be ready." Americana Show They Can Do It Nobody dislikes anything compul sory more than red-blooded Ameri cans, but when an emergency arises, if they feel it is a real, national emergency, they will do what they are told and do it willingly. Three million men did it willingly in the last war when they were told they had to go and fight. Millions are preparing to do it in this war. Now saving is something that Americans talk about but never have done so much about. In the piping times of peace the insurance agents used to tell me that 90 per cent of the American people had no estate at all when they died and were utterly dependent when they quit work. Working men and farmers are two of the most independent thinking classes in America today. But strangely enough, the same day that I talked with Senator X in the over stuffed chair in the senate anteroom I ran into P. P is a great friend of the oppressed. He is also a great friend of the laboring man, op pressed or otherwise. After an exchange of greetings I said to him: .*3 "Hew do you fellows expect the farmer to be willtag to let farm prices be curtailed la aay way when wages aren't free en?" "I don't," he said, "but I have a great idea. I have been working on Phil Murray about it. It is simple. Let all wage raises from now on be paid in non-negotiable war-bonds. That will stop inflation, for it. will keep the money out of circulation." Well, as I say, I'm no economist but after those two experiences I have begun to get ready to sign up right now for so many bonds W month. /" Military Traiupotf Planar For Troop Mooamanta "Which would you rather try to lick? One wild cat or a swarm at hornets?" Naturally, I chose, not too will ingly even for a purely mental combat, the wildcat. "So would the Germans; " My lunch partner leaned across the frail restaurant table and pounded it un til the tomato-juice cocktails leapt into the air and frightened war workers looked at us apprehensively. "Ton could take a million men across the English channel ta ten days ta small planes that . could be built in six mouths. They would be as thick as hor nets. Those planes could be built without the slightest strain so our war effort." "That'i just an example," my friend went on, "of what we could do with planes if we could get these fossils to build them. Check my figures with the Civil Bureau at Aeronautics if you want to. "What I am really getting at is this?" my friend went an and then stopped to absorb the agitated to mato juice. Soon be was off again on a most interesting exposition concerning air-power. I tried to keep up with him. It is hard for a layman to assay these enthusiasts. What they say is always studded with figures quot ed from official records. And they usually can quote volumes to prove that people who disagree with them said the same things about Billy Mitchell's ideas all of which have been proved correct. What my friend was getting at was this: That military transport has been woefully neglected. That only now are we beginning to build transport planes on a scale to meet the demands. Germany has 10,000 transport planes in service. We only have five plying between China and India. But even a plane carrying 1V4 tons could do the work of a hundred and fifty trucks over the Burma road. I had just heard the surprising word from the lips of a Chinese general that even before the Burma road was destroyed, China was get ting very little more in the way of supplies than she is today. Why didn't we begin plane transport then? I thought at the couplet by Pope: B? not th* flrrt by whom the new Is triad Nor rat ttai last to lay the old a aide. I thought we had gone a long way in transport already. Our transports or ferries are over every continent except Antarctica. The Pan Amer ican Airlines, which established a regular service across Africa, trans porting its own supplies and men to equip the fields, is about to be taken over by the army. But, according to my friend, we would have been much further along if it hadn't been for "Brass hats who think only in terms of text books that don't even contain the words 'dive-bomber,' or 'glider' or more than passing mention of any air craft except balloons." I don't know?perhaps it is time "to lay the old aside." ,
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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July 23, 1942, edition 1
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