The Alamance Gleaner
VoL LXVUI GRAHAM, N. C.f THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1942 No. 30
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Allies Demonstrate Growing Strength
In 'Dress Rehearsal' Raid on Dieppe;
Solomon Victory Forecast of Further
Pacific Offensives by United States
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Western Newspaper Union's news analysis and not necessarily of this newspaper.)
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The English channel area which was the scene of the most daring and
extensive daylight raid by Allied forces on the French coast thus far. Brit
ish and Canadian Commandos, supported by American Rangers, took
part in the nine-hour foray which ravaged the Nazi defenses at Dieppe,
destroyed artillery batteries, ammunition dumps and radio stations and
left Dieppe in flames.
COMMANDOS:
In Dress Rehearsal
Adolf Hitler learned that no mat
ter how deep into Russia his eastern
armies might penetrate, his western
flank was open to attack that might
be costly.
That was evident when British and
Canadian Commandos supported by
American Rangers swept across the
English channel and back again in
a nine-hour daylight raid that was
a dress rehearsal for the forthcom
ing Allied invasion of Europe.
The Nazi-fortified coastal defenses
at Dieppe, midway between Ca
lais and Le Havre were the target.
Although German sources estimated
the force at 15,000 men, its number
remained an official Allied secret.
The raiders carried tanks and ar
tillery with them.
While losses on both sides were
considerable, the raiders were re
ported to have destroyed a six-gun
shore artillery battery, an ammu
nition dump, a vast anti-aircraft bat
tery and a radio location station.
Moreover, it was reported that the
city of Dieppe had been left in
flames.
A strategic feature of the assault
was the vast aerial umbrella in the
form of 1,000 Allied fighter planes
shielding the raiders. This was re
ported as the greatest aircraft can
opy yet sent aloft. While it pro
tected the operations of Commandos
below, it succeeded in downing or
damaging 273 enemy planes.
The attack demonstrated that
landings in force could be success
fully made against the strongest
Nazi-fortified points on the French
coast. And as a reminder of the
growing air strength of the Allies,
American and British planes swept
over France the day after the raid,
striking out in the greatest force
ever seen over western Europe. The
air raiders, 500 strong, included
fighter-escorted American Flying
Fortresses and other bombers.
RUSSIA:
Gloom Persists
Only in the northernmost area of
the Russian fighting front?at Voro
nezh and Bryansk?were the Soviet
forces able to report any success.
At these points several towns had
been taken and thousands of Ger
mans had been killed.
But elsewhere the picture re
mained gloomy. Stalingrad, key in
dustrial city on the Volga, was men
aced by a Nazi pincer. Further to
the south, Maikop, fertile center of
the Kuban valley wheatfields and
source of some of Russia's oil,- had
been taken and Russian communi
ques admitted the Germans were
moving trainloads of foodstuffs out
of this area.
The loss of Maikop opened the way
for the capitulation of the strategic
city of Krasnador, a railroad and
river in the northwest Caucasus,
and gateway to the Reds' naval base
of Novorossick, less than 60 miles
distant.
Although Prime Minister Church
ill's visit to Moscow had roused
hopes that strategic moves from
western Europe or from the Middle
East by the Allies might take some
of the mortal pressure off Russia,
the situation remained critical. The
successful Commando raid on the
French coast was at least a token
in that direction.
SOLOMON ISLANDS:
Important Victory
At last it could be told, for the
news revealed in a laconic navy
communique was that the offensive
in the Solomon islands had been
completely successful. The enemy
held islands in the southeast Solo
mon chain were now firmly in the
hands of United States marines.
Only remnants of once strong Japa
nese forces remained on the islands
and these were being mopped up.
The navy's communique announc
ing the victory said also that an en
emy cruiser or destroyer was
bombed and set afire by American
planes in the area.
"United States marines are en
gaged in mopping up remnants of
the Japanese forces on the islands
which were recently captured in the
Solomon archipelago," the communi
que said.
"Casual bombardments of our
shore positions by enemy aircraft,
destroyers and submarines have in
flicted only minor damage. An en
emy destroyer or cruiser was
bombed and set afire by our air
craft."
The main offensive had been
launched on the strategically impor
tant Tulagi harbor area on Florida
island, 930 miles from Australia.
The enveloping attack included land
ings on smaller islands nearby.
Viewed in its strategic perspec
tive, the Solomons offensive meant
that Japan's thrusts toward New
Caledonia would be forestalled, and
that the pressure on southern New
Guinea and Australia would be
lifted.
MARRIED MEN:
Face Early Draft
Married men under the age of
45 with dependents faced the pros
pect of being called in the draft "in
the not far distant future." This pre
diction was made by a spokesman
for Brig. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey's
national selective service board.
Speaking before the 52nd annual
reunion of the Legion of Valor in
Boston, Ted Luther, Hershey's aide,
said "the nation's reservoir of 1-A
men was practically exhausted" and
that it would be necessary to ob
tain men from 1-B and 3-A classes.
"The selective service board is
most anxious to avoid breaking up
homes and families," he said, "but
because of the few men in 1-B clas
sification and the smaller number
that can be obtained from among
those reaching 20 years of age each
month, it will be necessary to take
those with dependents.
BRAZIL:
Irked at Axis
Submarines which tor weeks
had persistently attacked Brazil's
coastwise shipping roused that na
tion to fighting pitch when they sank
five merchantmen within a few
days' span, with a loss of more
than 600.
Thus a tacit state of war existed
between Brazil and the Axis, with
out benefit of a formal declaration.
"Brazilians know how to fight
decisively and with or without arms
will know how to die for Brazil," Air
Minister Joaquim Salgado declared,
as the nation's warships and planes
combed the sea for submarines and
raiders.
RATIONING:
Meat and Oil First
Two rationing programs loomed '
on the near horizon for American
citizens with others in the back
ground. These two were fuel oil in
the East and meats generally
throughout the nation.
The food branch of the War Pro
duction board had drafted a pre
liminary order embodying recom
mendations of Agriculture Secretary
Wickard's food requirements com
mittee. These included allocation of
meat supplies to different sections
of the country, adjustment of price
ceilings to stimulate the flow of
meats into shortage areas, alloca
tion among packers of government
purchases of meat for the armed
forces?and finally, rationing.
Rationing of fuel oil for Eastern
heating purposes appeared near as
industrial establishments and homes
using oil for heating were warned
they would have to get along on
less than normal supplies.
MIDDLE EAST:
Command Is Changed
As Gen. Sir Claude Auchinleck
had joined a growing list of ousted
commanders of the precarious Mid
dle East front, the infusion of new
brains in the person of hard-hitting
Gen. Sir Harold R. L. G. Alexander,
focused attention on the importance
of that sector. The visit of Prime
Minister Churchill to Alexandria on
his way to Moscow, too, had shown
how vital the Egyptian sector
loomed in Allied strategy.
Observers pointed out that be
cause of its strategic possibilities.
North Africa might become the Unit
ed Nations' second front.
Biggest task confronting the Unit
ed Nations before snow flies was
halting Hitler's gigantic pincer drive
against the Middle East by way of
the Russian Caucasus from the
north and via Marshal Rommel's
Egyptian Nazi armies from the
southwest.
WAR PRODUCTION: -
Nelson Gets Tough
Criticism of the War Production
board's management of the war pro
gram had been mounting in recent
weeks.
Thus when Donald M. Nelson,
WPB chief, returned to his desk aft
er a much-needed rest there was
considerable speculation about the
next move.
The usually quiet production
chief made himself forcefully clear.
Challenging his critics to a show
down, he indicated a new spirit of
I
pugnacity by asserting: "From now
on anyone who crosses my path is
going to have his head taken off." i
He underscored this declaration
by immediately dismissing a $5,600
WPB employee. He declareid he
was "going to get tough enough to
get this job done and the job will
be done."
DIMOLTft
For West Coast
Spurred by the ever-present dan
ger of enemy air attack, the West
coast dimmed out officially for the
duration of the war.
Until peace comes night baseball
will be only a memory. Automo
biles will be driven with parking
lights. Theater and store entrances
will be dark. Movie companies in
Hollywood will no longer use glar
ing lights for outdoor shots.
Residents up and down the Pa
cific coast will blackout their win- '
dows.
Dimout technique had been prac
ticed for days before regulations be
came official.
LABOR PEACE:
Green Urges Unity
Another olive branch was waved
in the cause of labor peace when
William Green, president of the
American Federation of Labor,
called for an bnd to "the economic
tug-of-war whereby each group
seeks to get the best bargain it can
from the other." I
DONALD M. NELSON
. . job will be done"
ttrnmrnMBSSMM
Russian People United
In Second Front Demand
?
Plead for Diversion of Nazi Soldiers from
Eastern Battlefields; Soviet
Picture Grows Darker.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Features, 1343 H Street, N. W?
Washington, D. C.
Just at the time when Washington
was anxiously awaiting news of the
battle of the Solomon islands and
the reports from Russia seemed to
grow worse by the hour, the curtain
was pulled back for a little group
here and they were shown a dis
turbing picture of the mind of the
common man in Russia.
I say the picture was disturbing.
To those who read between the lines
it seemed to reveal the possibility
that the United Nations were about
to lose the sympathy if not the
material support of the single Ally
which has been able to engage the
Axis effectively.
Not only the common man in Rus
sia, but everybody from Stalin
down, divides sharply with the ma
jority of United Nations' military
opinion about a second front. That
split of opinion, it was made plain,
may ^ affect not only our military
relations with Russia, but post-war
relations as well. Naturally the
Axis is promoting such disunity.
Briefly the two views are these:
The Allied strategists say: Inva
sion of the European continent now
might mean another Dunkirk. An
other Dunkirk would be worse for
the Allied cause than to let Russia
continue alone as she is now doing.
The Russian common man, ac
cording to the analysis of this mind
to which I referred above, says: If
you do not divert Nazi soldiers from
the eastern front Russia cannot hold
out. We have sacrificed greatly.
Except for a few divisions in Egypt
which are not fighting (at this writ
ing) no Allied soldiers are attacking
Hitler's armies except us.
We have died by the thousands, if
not millions, making last-ditch
stands that gave you time to pre
pare. Why should you be unwilling
to die, too, even if you cannot be
immediately successful with an in
vasion to save us now, and, as a
result, save yourselves later on?
Raaaia'a Opinion
That seems to be the Russian rea
soning. It is understood that after
the Molotov visit to the United
States and the announcement of the
Anglo-Russian pact, that hopes ran
high in the bosom of the ordinary
Russian. Since then nothing has
happened?except the victorious ad
vance of the German armies which
now either hold the richest parts of
Russia in their grip or bar them
from the rest of the country.
This attitude has become evident
and supposedly .well-informed ob
servers predict that the disappoint
ment on the part of the general
Russian public will have a bad ef
fect on the morale of the Russian
army.
There are, of course, advocates in
high places in the American gov
ernment as well as in Britain, for
the opening of a second front. But
even if the American high strate
gists were unanimous on this sub
ject they would have to defer to
Great Britain since the brunt of an
invasion at this time would have to
be borne by British troops.
Of course, it must be realized that
the Russians on their side and the
British and Americans on theirs are
each thinking to some degree in
terms of their own welfare, as well
as in terms of the common objective
?defeat of the enemy. But there
may be also a philosophical differ
ence. American and British officers
have been trained in a school which
makes them hesitate to sacrifice
men in what seems a futile effort,
that is an effort which they are not
sure has at least a greater chance
of success than of failure. The Rus
sian" have shown that they are quite
willing to die even when they know
that they are already beaten and
further resistance, although it takes
greater toll of enemy Uvea, cannot
be successful.
? ? ?
Gunner" ? Wings
Aid a Fighting Man
; The American bomber was
drenched with German anti-aircraft
fire, one engine was smashed and
burning, one propeller was shot
away, bullets had riddled the ship's
tail. Down it was crashing, out of
control. It struck, pancake-wise,
and?miracle of miracles it bounded
up. The pilot still glued to the con
trols felt the plane respond. It stag
gered upward?and back t* England i
from that famous Fourth of July
raid over Holland.
I have just been talking with the
boy who was in the gunner's turret
of that plane and naturally I asked
him what he thought about when
they started to crash. He said he
couldn't remember. But I have a
hunch that it was a little town out
in Kansas.
"The world's fine," he told me
earnestly, leaning across the table.
"I'm glad of the chance to see what
I've seen of it. But I'll be glad
when I get back to Fredonia where
I was brought up. Back where I
know everybody and everybody
knows me. I can't get used to folks
hurrying so."
By the time this is in print I hope
that Fredonia has had a chance to
see Technical Sergeant Robert Go
lay?and for him to see it. They'll
get out the band when he comes
back with his brand new gunner's
wings on his coat along with his pre
Pearl Harbor service ribbons and
that other bar that shows he's the
owner of a Flying Cross. Of course,
pretty Mrs. Golay and six months
old Robert will be proud.
"I like small towns," says Robert.
And he's seen quite a piece of the
world. In fact, you might say, after
his experience on the Fourth of July,
he knows Holland from the ground
up. That was where he was shot
down (temporarily) and he said
they brought a lot of Dutch soil
back with them.
Surprite to Wife
Most of you have seen pictures of
Bob getting his gunner's wings, one
of the first two pairs ever awarded,
at the ceremony in Texas on August
9. But Mrs. Golay heard about the
flight over Holland shortly after it
happened. And it was a surprise
to her. Because when Bob left for
Europe he was only an "armorer"
?and that meant his job in the air
corps was a ground job. And Mrs.
Golay had given her husband one
order?Don't fly. She was willing to
have him fight the war and get it
over, but not in the air. Then one
day an officer called her on the
phone and told her that her husband
had taken part in the then widely
heralded American Fourth of July
expedition and that he was safe.
Brass
And Bra? Hats
Donald Nelson popped his eyes re
cently when the navy ordered 13,000
pounds of brass to make the door
plates for a new battleship.
Brass is scarce. The WPB asked
the navy if instead of brass they
couldn't use some commoner metal,
or perhaps just paint the labels on
the doors.
It was the navy's turn to be
shocked. Battleships had always
been adorned with brass plates. A
tradition of centuries was menaced
if battleship nameplates should ever
be made of anything but brass.
"Moreover," said a navy brass
hat, "navy men are used to brass
plates. If in the heat of battle a
man is ordered to a certain station,
he will automatically look for brass
plates to guide him. Stenciled signs
will mean nothing to him. At a
critical moment the lack of a brass
plate may mean the loss of the
ship."
Nelson had to yield.
He had to yield again when the
ship demanded stainless steel cook
ing utensils. Nelson's office thought
stainless steel somewhat luxurious,
particularly since a battleship re
quires thousands of utensils in its
cook's galleys.
"Why not enameled ware?" the
navy was asked.
"Ever hear of tonsilitis?" an ad
miral argued.
"Do enameled cooking utensils
cause tonsilitis?" the WPB counter
queried.
"No, but you can polish stainless
steel until it shines. You can't do
that to enamel. If it shines, we
don't have tonsilitis in the navy."
They got the brass name {dates
and the stainless steel. They also
got brass cuspidors, because the
navy department pointed out:
"The cuspidors are the sure
barometer of whether the gobs are
on their toes. If the cuspidors of the
navy's lighting ships shine bright,
the officers know the gobe are doing
their job. If there are no brass cus
pidors, how can they know?"
Big Camp Veiled
By Camouflage
Built in 4 Month*, It Cover*
Vast Section; Named
For Joyce Kilmer
NEW YORK.?A new army camp
?one of the first camouflaged
camps in the country?which has
risen in record time from orchard
and meadow land in New Jersey,
was shown recently to representa
tives of the press.
Camp Kilmer, named for the
soldier-poet Joyce Kilmer, who was
killed in the World war, is now a
sprawling military community cov
ering hundreds of acres and can
house thousands of troops. Like all
our army camps, it is constantly
expanding and probably never will
be completed, but its principal bar
racks and buildings were finished
a few weeks ago after four months
I of intensive work, and now army
cooks and bakers already are feed
ing the station complement in the
1,500-man cafeteria-style mess halls.
Mottled Appearance.
Camp Kilmer, which is command
ed by Col. C. W. Baird, coast artil
lery corps, who was formerly in
command of Camp Upton, L. I., and
of Pine Camp, N. Y., presents a
' mottled picture in comparison with
other army posts. Its barracks are
the regulation two-story dormitory
type wooden structures that now
dot the face of America, but they
have no uniform color scheme; each
is painted in two or three different
shades. The colors run the gamut
of the rainbow from black to white,
with creams, grays, mauves, mus
tard yellows, pale pinks, light
greens, dull browns and pastel
shades predominating.
Viewed from the ground?against
the background of New Jersey or
chards and the winding ribbons of
dusty roads?the new color scheme
seemed to make little difference in
visibility, but the newspaper men
did not see the camp from the air
and it is possible that the camou
flage would confuse, though not ob
scure. Officers were non-committal
on this point.
The party of newspaper men who
were the guests of Colonel Baird
for the day bounced around the
camp's endless roads, which four
months ago were rutted fields, in
. that tiny but effective ubiquitous
vehicle of the army variously known
from coast to coast as "peep,"
"beep" or (improperly) "jeep."
Hundreds of Buildings.
They saw several hundred build
ings, including a rambling one-story
hospital (spread out over many
acres because of the fire hazard of
wooden buildings) with three miles
of corridors, four operating rooms
and a capacity of about 1,500 beds,
staffed by about 150 doctors and 200
nurses. Lieut. Col. Thomas G.
Tousey, an army veteran, com
mands the hospital detachment.
iiiejr saw uic new mess nails,
each of which can feed 3,000 men
an hour, and the army's new elec
tric potato peelers, the delight of
the "K. P.'s" heart, which can do
the 12-hour peeling job of 24 soldiers
in 2V4 hours attended by only one
man. They saw the vegetable
steamers and electric dish washers
?another labor-saving machine of
the new army; they saw the incin
erators that could service a city of
50,000; they ate an army meal and
asked for more. They saw miles of
quartermasters' storehouses and
great railroad sidings that connect
to trunk lines. They discovered
once again the one common denomi
nator of all army camps?dust, and
they came away impressed with the
speed and thoroughness with which
a great military city has grown
from country fields; impressed, too,
with the camp's facilities and the
equipment and the care the soldiers
of the new army receive.
Sew* Up Heart; Rallies
? Patient With Lost Blood
NEW YORK?Although bruised
and shaken by an automobile acci
dent as he was speeding to Syden
ham hospital in response to an
emergency call. Dr. Edward Fine
stone remained calm enough to per
form successfully one of the most
delicate operations known to sur
gery?the stitching of a human
heart.
Medical authorities at the hospital
termed the operation "a miracle of
surgery." The patient is Stanley
Kolbusz, 19 years old, whose heart
had been rent by a stab wound and
who had been found unconscious in
a Harlem street with blood oozing
from his left side.
Dr. Finestone opened Kolbusz's
chest wall and took seven stitches in
tha heart. He used the patient's
own blood, caught in sponges as it
spurted from the wound, to give
three transfusions. Three hour* lat
er Kolbusz was conscious and able
to discuss the knife attack on him.
-"I
More Mileage for
Tea New Problem
Drop in Imports Calls for
Elimination of Waste.
WASHINGTON. ? The Office of
Price Administration recently
brought up a subject which should
cause no end of buzz among the
four o'clock, lifted finger set.
Revealing that this country's tea
imports are only half what they
were last year, due to the war, OPA
suggested ways and means of get
ting more mileage to the spoonful.
Prime principle in the tea-stretch
ing code is to measure carefully.
There's a good hot-weather tip,
too, in a new tea-conserving method
of brewing iced tea. And if sugar
rationing hadn't already done away
with the traditional query: "How
many lumps?" the OPA's sweeten
ing suggestion would.
Fas iced tea, they propose a syrup
made by dissolving sugar in boiling
water and then chilling it. Sugar
added directly to iced tea does
not completely dissolve.
In measuring for hot tea, OPA
advises use of one level teaspoon to
a measured cup of rapidly boiling
water. Experts, they say, advise
that tea be steeped or brewed for
about five minutes.
The new ice-tea process calls tor
one teaspoon of tea for each cup of
boiling water. Allow the tea to
steep for five minutes. Strain, let
it cool and then chill it in the re
frigerator.
The trick is in the cooling. If
chilled before serving, the tea will
not be diluted much when ice cubes
are added. This makes it unneces
sary to use it double strength.
OPA suggests that guesswork in
measuring be eliminated.
Housewives, says the OPA, often
make tea wjth "one extra teaspoon
for the pot."
Omit the extra teaspoonful or if s
going to be so-long, oolong.
Indians Stage War Dance
For Defeat of the Axis
PAWHUSKA, OKLA ?The Osage
Indians for the first time in more
than a decade held a war dance
here for the defeat of an enemy.
The enemy? The Axis, of course.
The dance, one of the most color
ful and exhaustive events in tribal
ceremonies, lasted three days dur
ing which time relays of dancers
went through weird and mystifying
procedures which all mean simply
"give us victory."
The ceremony was dedicated to
Maj. Gen. Clarence L. Tinker, him
sen one-eigntn usage laaian, who
hasn't been heard from since the
battle of Midway island. Tinker
was commander of Hawaiian air
forces.
At present there are more than
400 Osage Indians in the armed
services of the nation. They are
doing all types of duty, ranging
from signal corps work, to which
they are highly adaptable, to sci
entific aiming of long-range artil
lery.
More than 2,000 Osages, some
Cheyennes from western Oklahoma
and a few Omahas from Nebraska
took part in the war dance. Ap
proximately 7.000 members are in
cluded in the Osage tribe.
Wisconsin Still Holds
Nine Confederate Flags
MADISON.?Nine tattered battle
flags of the Confederacy be packed
away in storerooms of the state his
torical museum here.
Three others are on display, but
all can be sent back to their home
states, Superintendent E. P. Alex
ander said, provided they go to
"some responsible organization and
not get into private or commercial
hands."
Wisconsin is the only Northern
state which has not returned all cap
tured Civil war flags to the South.
Difficulties have arisen because
there is no record of the capture of
some of the flags, and their real
home is a mystery.
Legislative action would be need
ed, Alexander said, to make the re
turn legal. Flags from South Caro
lina. Mississippi, Arkansas, Mis
souri, Virginia and North Carolina
companies are included in the state
collection.
Mercury-Bearing Ore
Is Discovered in West
BOISE. IDAHO.?A new, high
grade deposit of mercury-bearing
ore has been discovered in the yel
low pine area of Valley county, Idaho.
The bureau of mines has described
the discovery as of "possible great
importance to the nation's war pro
duction schedule." Tests of the lat
est drill samples showed one aver
aging 11 pounds of mercury per ton,
with a 15-foot section averaging 21
pounds per ton. The ore is con
tained in a body 24 feet thick.