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The Alamance Gleaner VoL LXVHI v GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1942 No. 36 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Aid for Small Business Urged by WPB; Allied Land-Air Offensive Relieves Jap Pressure on Critical New Guinea Front; FDR Envisions Higher War Production Western NiwiMMf Union's news uulyito not necessarily of thli newspaper.) (EDITOR'8 NOTE: When opinions are expressed in those eolamns, they are those of ??_ Released by Western Newspaper Union. British raids on the German lines in Libya have yielded considerable sneeess in damage to enemy communications and supplies as well as in prisoners captured tor questioning. Above photo shows some of the 97 German prisoners taken on a recent foray. SMALL BUSINESS: To Get Lifeline With the nation's inevitable prog ress toward total war economy, many a small business man faced the prospect of becoming a postwar casualty unless a lifeline were thrown to him. Help appeared likely, however, when War Production Chief Donald M. Nelson urged on congress the immediate creation of a war liabili ties administration charged with the job of seeing to it that the little busi ness man survived. Four essentials for saving little business were recommended by Nel son in testimony before the special senate committee studying wartime problems of little business. No. 1 is to help little business enterprises take care of overhang ing liabilities they would have been able to discharge under normal cir cumstances. No. 2 is to provide a means for financing small business after the war. Third is to furnish technical and other assistance for small business after the war; and fourth, is to provide a mechanism giving small business enterprises a priority in the acquisition of ma chinery and equipment when the war is over. ROOSEVELT: High Goals Ahead Expressing the opinion that war production was proceeding at an ex tremely satisfactory rate and that the rest of the nation was far ahead of Washington in war spirit. Presi dent Roosevelt returned to the White House after an unprecedented secret inspection of war activities from coast to coast. Mr. Roosevelt said that even higher production goals would be set in months to come. iUkmifrVt atranr /latail ftf fka V% 1 e_ lUUiUU^U t?ti J Ut WOU U1 UK u? toric journey remained a military secret during its progress, the pub licity which followed it reverberated across the nation once the censor ship curtain was lifted. In a dramat ic press conference that paralleled in drama his famous "horse and buggy" attack on the Supreme court seven years ago, the President hit out at certain elements in congress, in the press and radio and in parts of his own administration that were either deliberately or misguidedly hampering America's war effort. The President had warm praise for the najton as a whole. The peo ple in general, he said, have the finest kind of morale. PACIFIC AREA: Yanks Infiltrate In the New Guinea area of the Southwest Pacific, Allied mountain troops gave the Japs a taste of their - own medicine by taking the offen sive, sifting through jungles and over mountains to recapture Nauro in the Owen Stanley range, well be yond Ioribaiwa, the high water mark of the Nipponese advance on Port Moresby. A communique from General MacArthur'8 headquarters in Aus tralia revealed that American and Australian pilots attacked Japanese supply lines for 78 miles back to Buna, the main Japanese coastal base in New Guinea. Using native porters as pack trains the Allied troops covered difficult ground as rapidly as had the Jap invaders. HITLER: Boasts Anew Making his annual winter relief address at the Sportspalast in Ber lin, Adolf Hitler outlined a three point program for winning the bulk of Russia's natural resources and converting them to the uses of Ger many. He assured his audience that Stalingrad's fate was sealed, and said he and his high command were constantly preparing for an Allied second front wherever it might strike. Listed as 1942 objectives on the Russian front by the fuehrer were: domination of the Don river area; capture of Russia's oil fields and coal deposits; and securing the Ger man position in the Black sea area through settlement of the Crimea. Observers who remembered Hit ler's boasts of a year ago that "Rus sia is beaten and will never raise its head again" expressed the belief that winter once again would find the fuehrer's claims unfulfilled. Indications that increasing RAF raids were affecting German home morale were seen in the applause that greeted Hitler's promise that "the hour will come when we shall strike back." Ridiculing the prospects of a sec ond Allied front, Hitler declared that if the British tried again to invade Europe, they could counj them selves lucky if they stayed for nine hours as at Dieppe, for "we have made thorough preparations to wel come them." USED TIRES: Frozen by OP A T-a_: A J v rt i rnce numimsiraujr i^eun nenaer son's action in "freezing" all used tires and tubes in the hands of pres ent owners until a normal rationing program can be worked out was regarded as a further effective step toward accomplishing the rubber conservation program recommend ed by the President's rubber investi gation committee. Mr. Henderson said the new or der would add considerably to in ventories of rubber available to as sure American motorists of "tires for essential uses." In the order, the OPA prohibited the transfer of any used tires and tubes by dealers and consumers. The order, however, does not pre vent the sale to a consumer of an automobile equipped with used tires. Automobile dealers also are permit ted to shift their used tires that are mounted on cars in stock to oth er cars in stock. Car owners are permitted by the order to have their used tires and tubes repaired and to have tires recapped if they qualify for the lat ter service. MISCELLANY: LONDON: Plans for a London rec reational center for the United States armed forces on the lines of the New York Stage Door Canteen were announced here by Harvey D. Gibson, American Red Cross com missioner in Britain. The center, to be known as the "Rainbow Cor ner" will be located just off Picca dilly Circus and will accommodate 400 persons at one time. RUSSIA: Race With Winter As autumn brought blustery cold days presaging the advent ot a Rus sian winter, the historic struggle for possession of the Volga area con tinued with the Germans hurling in new infantry forces, tank divisions and air units and the hard-pressed Reds stubbornly contesting every foot of territory. In the ebb and flow of continuous battle, one Russian counterattack threatened the Nazis' right flank, while another against the Germans' left flank had pressed slowly down between the Don and Volga rivers. Meanwhile guns of the Volga fleet continued to pour death into the ranks of the Nazi invaders. Despite local Russian successes, the gravity of the situation re mained. The Germans retained mastery of the air. Their tank and mechanized forces were superior to those of the Red defenders. The German high command was spend ing blood and lives recklessly. To the south of Stalingrad in the Caucasus, the news was more en couraging, for Soviet armies had continued to delay the advance of the Axis forces into the priceless oil fields. SECOND FRONT: Churchill Enigmatic Somber was the report Prime Minister Winston Churchill gave on the Dieppe Commando raid when he revealed that Allied losses were "very nearly half of the troops in volved." The prime minister said that Brit ish tanks were held up by the "alto gether unexpected strength" of de fense blocks placed at the ends of Dieppe's streets by the Nazi defend ers. These statements together with a later admonition to Parliament about the undesirability of public statements or speculations regard ing the opening of a second front had the experts puzzled. Was Churchill emphasizing the Dieppe losses to lull his Nazi ene mies? Was he hush-hushing the sec ond front for the same purpose, or to quiet home demands? The between-the-lines implication of his statements, according to sea soned observers was this: "Let's keep Hitler guessing. Of course we have definite plans, but let's not ex pose our hands." ISOLATIONISTS: Urged to Recant Pre - Pearl Harbor isolationists were urged by Supreme Court Jus tice Felix Frankfurter to contribute to "the spiritual unity which the peril of the hour demands" by pub licly repudiating their former views. In an address at the inauguration of Dr. Harry Noble Wright as presi I dent of the College of the City of New York, Justice Frankfurter said: "Nothing would so make for a strengthening of the morale re sources of the nation than a candid recantation of their foreshortened views by all prewar isolationists." Justice Frankfurter cited as a dis tinguished example, the case of the Very Reverend Robert I. Gannon, president of Fordham university, who publicly admitted that he had been "completely wrong" in his pre war opinions. LABOR: Gets Blunt Advice ** American labor leaders were bluntly told by Rear Adnviral Ben Morrell that the people could live without labor unions and "they will damn well live without them, if all of us don't get in there and pitch." Speaking before the building and construction trades department of the American Federation of Labor in Toronto, the chief of the navy's bureau of yards and docks said he was not implying that labor has any exclusive responsibility for the coun try's failure to produce the maxi mum of war implements, but that be felt working people had th# biggest | stake in the war. JUSTICE FRANKFURTER . . candid recantation 'Little Nations' Skeptical Of Future Peace Terms < Oppressed Countries Fear That Hatred or Indifference to Them Will Dominate Proposals When War Ends. By BAUKHAGE Netct Analyst'and Commentator WNU Service, 1343 H Street, N-W, Washington, D. C. Like voices crying in the wilder ness the little nations of the world are supplicating America. They have been searching our oratund declarations of the peace aims of the United Nations to see just how much we have, actually, promised to "the little people." And they are not sure at the pTesent writing that it is very much. Sooner or later the United States must go on record in black and white, in simple, straightforward English, as to what we can offer besides glory and honor and grati tude and sympathy for the men and women who have already felt the yoke of war. I had that brought home to me the other night. It was nearly three o'clock in the morning. The slim, earnest gentle man opposite me with the slightly foreign accent had lost track of time and it seemed as if the ancient clock on the bookcase was discreetly muf fling its chimes. I was in no hurry for I knew I was hearing the soul of a nation speak. "You must remember," my com panion was saying, "there are just two kinds of nations in the world today, the big ones and the little ones. And the little ones whose bor ders are not now the scene of actual fighting or those that are still battle fields or may soon be?all are filled with fear. Most of them have al ready felt the boots of invaders. And they fear that the great machine will roll over them again, that they will be obliterated and that when the peace comes,-they will be for gotten. The big nations will make the peace." The next day I read the statement out of the Finnish legation that "Fin land wants to stop fighting as soon as the threat to her existence has been averted and guarantees ob tained for her lasting security." At about the same time, there was made public in London the pro posals for revising the constitution of the government of the Nether lands empire which would advance the autonomy of the Netherlands East and West Indies and other pos sessions. I had already heard a Hollander from Java state in most emphatic terms that plans would be carried through to give the Javanese an equal standing with all other citi zens of the Netherlands empire after the war. He pointed to the fact that one Javanese had already held the post of foreign minister in The Hague before the days of the in vader. The Finnish statement and the Dutch intentions are both evidence of how those two small nations are trying now, to assure the "big" democracies that regardless of pres ent conditions they only seek to main tain, or where it has to some degree been lacking, to attain, the democ racy which they claim is as sincere as ours, whether they are under the oppressors' heel, as Holland is, or are maintaining a lopsided, precari ous neutrality like Spain, or even fighting against one of the Allies like Finland. (Finland is not at war with any country but Russia.) I think it is also evidence of the growing certainty of the part of the small nations, even those surround ed by Nazi bayonets, that it is only a question of time until the United Nations will triumph. And they are afraid that war hatreds or indiffer ence to the fate of the little nations will dominate the peace. They are afraid most of all that the United States will withdraw from the scene as we did after the last war leaving only a blueprint for peace, the League of Nations, and no power to enforce its decisions. The Atlantic Charter to them is not a very specific document ? ? ? Newtpaper Man? And War Hero You have no idea how many farm ers are in the aviation corps. Neither had I until I talked with a small town boy. I have mentioned him in this column before. It was an interview I had with Sergt. Robert Golay, printer's devil and hero of the first American uni fied flight over enemy territory in Europe?the now famous raid over Holland on July fourth for which I . young Golay, aerial machine gunnel, with others, was decorated. Golay is now instructing other small (and large) town boys in the art in which he has become pro ficient, technically he is an "armor er" or so started on his military career. Before he went into the army, Golay was a newspaper man? a small town newspaper man, which means an "all-around" one. Not just a reporter?an all-around newspaper man on the Fredonia Daily Herald. Bob was a composer on the floor, was getting pretty good with a lino type machine. Of course, like all newsmen in a town of five thousand he sold a little advertising, collected bills, made out statements, wrote sports and covered an occasional wedding. He was trying to make himself a newspaper man so that later he could work his way through Kansas university. Tho Background A printer has to be nimble fingered. He has to be precise. Bob wasn't thinking of that when he decided to get into the war. What he really was thinking of was all those flights in barhstorming planes that he had taken at the county fair and anywhere he could get when he had the two dollars for a ride. He was thinking of the Schneider cup races and the other flights he had followed, of Byrd's trip to the Antarctic and the stories of Lind bergh's early career. But naturally he asked the advice of his boss, Ben Hudson, who is publisher of the Herald. Hudson is a veteran of World War I. He served in the infantry. I don't know, but maybe the air corps is as far as you can get from the in fantry among the combatant forces, Hudson recommended the former. So Bob went to Chanute Field in Illinois and signed up. He soon be came an armorer and went t? Eng land as part of the aviation ground force. Gunners have to know about guns and be able to demonstrate. Bob could. Gunners have to volun teer for the job. They aren't as signed. Bob did and was accepted. That's how he happened to be in the turret when the U. S. air corps unit made its first independent raid over occupied Europe. And because of "coolness" under enemy fire, they gave him a medal and a pair of gunner's wings. Golay Is going to have a tour of duty instructing for a while. When ?he doesn't know. He'll be glad, he says, to go anywhere in this "wonderful world," he's ordered, "but" (and there was a serious look in his brown eyes in spite of the smile, when he said it) "I'm a small town boy and I like it." "Like being back home," said Sergt. Robert L. Golay when be obliged the photographer by return ing to the type ease be gave op for a machine run. ? ? ? WPA Nar?ry Schools Six million dollars, earmarked by congress in the 1942-43 WPA Appro priation act for extension of WPA nursery schools, will make possible the release of more than 90,000 wom en for vital war work, according to Mrs. Florence Kerr, WPA assistant commissioner. "In peacetime, WPA nursery schools were limited to children of low-inoome families who could not afford'to pay even a small amount for child care, but in response to the more urgent demand, emphasis for some months has been placed on service to children in war pro duction areas," Mrs. Kerr ex plained. "Without nursery school service, it would be impossible to utilize the labor of many women who today are performing tasks es sential to the war effort. Parents who are making good wages pay for this service in the WPA nursery schools to their children on a sliding scale commensurate with their ability." The current program, initiated in 1933, today serves about 90,000 chil dren in 1,290 nursery schools, Mrs. Kerr said. Approximately 300 loca tions in defense areas, where large numbers of mothers have entered in dustry, already are being benefited. Mrs. Kerr estimates that some 1,200 additional nursery schools will have been established for children at working mothers by .the and at 'OR ? Rangers Named For Rogers' Men They Won Fame in 1755-63; Swift Raids Cut Up Foe Then as Now. WASHINGTON. ? The American Rangers?the United States army Commando-type troops who took part in the Allied raid at Dieppe? derive their title from one of the toughest groups of fighters in Amer ica's history. Maj. Robert Rogers' Rangers. In the years 1755-83 Rog ers' Rangers were the eyes and ears of the British army, fighting the French and Indians in the Ameri can counterpart of Europe's Seven Years' war. Rogers' Rangers were the Com mandos of their time. Operating principally in the Lake George re gion of New York state and to the north, they made life miserable for the SVench and their Indian allies. In spirit, their tactics were the same as those used by their modern namesakes. They struck swiftly and by surprise, and without quarter except when they sought prisoners as sources of military information. Indian Fighters. Most of them were New Hamp shire farmers, hunters and Indian fighters. Some famous Revolution ary fighters?Israel Putnam and John and William Stark?got their training with the Rangers. But the over-all record of Robert Rogers? the founder and brilliant leader of those 18th-century Commandos?was not so good. Bom in Methuen, Mass., in 1731, he was taken to New Hampshire by his family as a boy. At 15 he was fighting Indians and taking scalps. At 24 he fled New Hampshire ahead of a counterfeiting charge and en listed to fight the French and In dians. His cunning and bravery in scout ing enemy forces brought him a captaincy a year later. By 1758 he was head of nine companies of Rogers' Rangers. By 1760, when he led 200 men into Canada and de stroyed the village of the St. Francis Indians, who had long preyed on New England, he was famous throughout the colonies. When the war ended in 1763 he was far better known than was George Washing ton. Had Sad Ending. From then on he went downhill, drunkenness and dishonesty cost him one Colonial soldier post after another under British rule. Always one to fight for whoever paid the most, he courted both British and Americans when the Revolution started, until George Washington ?usjjevieu null. Kja uie uaie lamuus for his homeland?July 4, 1778?he was sitting in a Philadelphia prison. Escaping, he joined the British and organized the Queens Rangers but was soundly beaten at Mamaroneck by the Americans in October, 1776. He returned to London and en tered obscurity. He died there in 1793, an alehouse brawler who cadged drinks in return for adven turous tales. Generals at Last Get Opinion From Privates WASHINGTON. ? The private thoughts of a private are being analyzed by army psychologists, it was learned, and, unique though it would seem, some of the tougher ' top sergeants may be in for a pain ful shock. Special iervice experts working under Brig. Gen. F. H. Osborn here have modified for military uses the mass-opinion methods developed by psychologists and other experts in public and business research and are putting them into practice in all ! camps. Since the system is strictly anonymous, there's no telling whose ears may burn when the boys begin to get the hang of the thing. Through use of specially designed questionnaires the experts track down rumors of complaints about various phases of army life and find out what is wrong, if anything. They get representative replies by send ing them to every tenth soldier, or through some familiar system. By ballot-box secrecy the soldier's anonymity is preserved, and no ef fort is made to trace a question naire back to the man who filled it out. Papers are sent from Washington and returned here to be tabulated electrically. Wartime Handbag Has Variety of Contents LONDON.?A theft cast a reveal ing light od the wartime contents of the housewife's handbag. In a hand bag one woman was accused' of stealing from another were: Odds and ends at wool and silk, pattern books, needles, two potatoes, a piece at cheese and a slice at meat. - - ? War Plants Using Ideas of Workers Hunches on Speeding Output Of Wear Weapons Sought. DETROIT.?Today's war workar la proving himself to be a resource ful "idea" man. Corporations which once relied al most exclusively upon high-priced engineers for methods of improving production, now utilize the man ait the machine for hunches on speed ing output of war weapons, boosting efficiency and reducing scrap. General Motors corporation, which oilers workers war bonds and stamps for acceptable tips, received more than 15,000 suggestions during a 60-day period and paid out more than $40,000 in awards to men and women in 53 plants throughout the country. Two GM employees each received the maximum award?a $1,000 war boad. The Packard Motor Car company, building aircraft and marine en gines for the army and navy, has received 4,158 suggestions under its "Work to Win" program, 30 per cent of which helped to improve produc tion efficiency. Merit pins1 are awarded workers whose ideas are accepted by the joint management labor committee at Packard. The suggestions which drew one of the $1,000 war bonds at GM con cerned simplification of the machin ing process on a part for the Allison airplane engine. A third worker suggested and built a machine that has eliminated a bottleneck in the production of a unit used in the fuel supply system of airplanes. President George T. Christopher of Packard said his plant already has adopted 117 worker suggestions for speeding output of war engines. Full protection is given the Pack ard worker whose suggestion may prove patentable, according to Christopher. Stop Worrying! There's Plenty of Bear Meat HELENA, MONT.?You've been hearing about this incipient meat shortage? Well, just in case it comes, nature ?assisted by the Federal Forestry service?has cached away some emergency rations in the western woods. The annual big game surplus in this area could feed 5,000,000 sol diers for two months without touch ing the basic herd stock, federal of ficials estimate. TVia Montana mrolii* rnnlH Kiinnlv 2,300 tons of dressed meat annually, releasing sufficient beef, mutton and pork to feed more than 340,800 sol diers for one month, says Game Warden J. S. McFarland. This surplus represents the nor mal annual increase in elk, deer, bear and antelope, and would leave the herds at normal size for repro duction. Should an extreme food emergen cy arise, McFarland figures the herds could be cut in half to release enough meat from Montana alone to feed well over 920,000 soldiers for one month. And there would remain vast un touched flocks of wild sheep, moun tain goats, moose, grizzly bear, birds and fish?potential food for thousands more soldiers or civilians. Soldiers Query a Waitress; Get a Diplomatic Reply LONDON. ? Two American buck privates having breakfast at the Red Cross Milestone club the other morning when one asked the wait ress, "Are you American?" "Yes," she replied. "Married?" The waitress said she was. "What's your husband do?" "He works in the embassy." "What's he do there?" "He's the American ambassador." the waitress replied. Her inquisitor poked Us buddy in the ribs. "Thafa a good gag," he roared. "Meet my pal He's Joe Kennedy." The waitress, Mrs. John G. Wt nant, laughed and moved away. Lucky for Sergeant It Wasn't Two Otker Girls MOORE FIELD, TEXAS. ? The romantic aspirations of Staff Ser geant John A. Traeger, 604th school squadron, were considerably thwart ed recently. After writing a letter to his girl friend in Seguin, Texas, he enclosed it in an envelope and addressed it to his maiden aunt in Hoboken. N. J. The letter written to his aunt was in serted in another envelope ad dressed to the girl friend. Result: His girl friend received a "thank you" note for a delicious layer cake, and his aunt got an in vitation to spend two weeks near
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