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The Alamance Gleaner , VoL LXVIII GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 14, 1942 No. *8 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Soviet Offensive Stretches Westward; French Cooperation in North Africa Paves Way for Unified Allied Campaign; Fierce Buna Battle Marks Pacific War (EDITOR'S NOTE: When ?pinions aro expressed In those columns, they ace those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysis and net necessarily of this newspaper.) ______________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. Gen. Henri Giraud, newly designated high commissioner ot French North and West Africa, reviews American fighters soon after his appoint ment as successor to Admiral Darlan. The appointment of the French general, famous for having twice escaped the Nazis, did much to satisfy the elements discontented over the "deal" with the assassinated Darlan. AFRICA: Cooperation World-wide cooperation o f all French leaders not captives of the Axis powers was deemed almost a certainty when Gen. Henri Giraud, successor to the assassinated Adm. Jean Darlan as high commission er of North Africa, named Gen. Al phonse Juin as commander in chief of the French forces in Africa. Juin commanded French African forces at the time of the Allied oc cupation in November and had since been collaborating with the pro Allied French regime. The previous appointment of Gi raud had a unifying effect which was missing under Darlan. French North African civil and military forces ral lied around the new commander, as did Gen. Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Fighting French, who would have no part of Giraud's predeces sor. Battle in Tunisia Although the Allied North African headquarters acknowledged that British and American forces had withdrawn from a hill position six miles northeast of Medjez-el-Bab? which they held for less than a week ?competent observers said that the Allied position as a whole was not materially affected. In another area of operations it appeared as though Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was intent only on getting his broken Africa Corps to Tunisia for the Axis final stand on the African continent. Rommel had three possible lines of defense on the Libyan coa^t. But British eighth army patrols broke through the first one at Wadi Bei El Chebir, 55 miles west of Sirte and 185 miles east of Tripoli. Rommel's chances were lessening. And above all, the Mid dle Eastern command appeared con fident. Plot Nipped An assassination plot against Gi raud and Robert Murphy, President Roosevelt's minister to French Af rica, was nipped in the making when Giraud announced the arrest of 12 persons, including two who helped the American landing'at Al giers. Brief initial dispatches said that Giraud has announced that 12 per sons were arrested to prevent "fur ther assassinations." He said that "it is better to prevent than pun ish" and that those arrested were ? not going to be shot. RATIONING: Little Hoarding Despite the fact that more than >00 canned food items will be ra tioned soon, American housewives have made very little attempt to stock their cupboards in advance, Office of Price Administration spokesmen have pointed out. The absence of hoarding was due to two factors: Consumers must de clare all canned goods on hand, on the basis of which deductions will be made from the ration points alloted each person; the feeling that hoarding would be emphatically un patriotic kept many a person from ordering more than the usual supply of foodstuffs. Even though a tremendous print ing job is yet to be completed, OPA officials expressed hope that the point-rationing program would get under way some time in February. ANOTHER LESSON: For Adolf Last winter Adolf Hitler learned his first lesson about Russian win ters: That they are plenty cold and plenty inhospitable. This year he is learning another lesson: Russian soldiers fight equally well (and in some cases better) in winter as in summer. Russia's drive on the southern flank of the vast eastern front has now reached proportions of a major campaign. As the Nazi forces fell back before Rostov, Soviet troops had succeeded in capturing Kotel nikovski?a vital link in German po sitions and a point which Hitler had commanded be held at all costs. Ninety miles below Stalingrad, loss of this point meant the extermina tion of Gen. Hermann von Hoth's sixth army?or what remained of its 22 divisions surrounded near Stalin What was even more important, however, was that the net was clos ing more surely on the million Nazis in the Caucasus. With Rostov's cap ture Adolf would have a sad looking report card and his next lesson in Russian would begin. CHINESE MISSION: Ordered Home Gen. Hsiung Shih-fei, head of a Chinese military mission to this. country, and a majority of his staff have been ordered home by Gen eralissimo Chiang Kai-shek, it was announced in Washington. The mission was sent here 10 months ago to contact the joint Anglo-American military staff and to confer with U. S. military, offi cials. Chinese sources said the return was prompted by the apparent de cision of the joint staff to concen trate the efforts of the United Na tions on sectors other than the China front. Dissatisfaction in Chungking was reported over what it consid ers the minor role assigned to China in Allied strategy. It was said that Hsiung and his colleagues have de cided there is no likelihood of a large scale offensive against Japan in the near future. The closing of the Burma road was an important factor in the Allied-China plan of strategy. SOUTH PACIFIC: Advance in Buna Japanese tenacity was nowhere in greater evidence than on the bitterly fought Buna front in New Guinea. Allied headquarters spoke repeated ly of advances against stubborn Japanese resistance. Striking at Jap coastal fortifica tions, ground troops eliminated a triangular enemy strongpoint of 13 bunkers, then were forced to beat off a counterattack. The desperately defended bunker triangle, approxi mately 1,500 yards from the coast, had been bypassed earlier in the Al lied drive toward the Buna govern ment station. It was surrounded sev eral days before, after tanks and in fantry had gone ahead to smash through to the coast and thence turn west to advance on the Buna air strip, n Up the coast from Buna, Allied bombers hit at the Lae airdrome and at Kavieng in New Ireland. Fires were started at both places. Bomb ers also struck at the Gasmata air field in New Britain. TAXES: Record Year Early on the agenda of the new congress was consideration of some form of pay-as-you-go tax payment plan. There were increasing indi cations that one of the many pro posed methods for meeting this year's income tax out of this year's income would be adopted. Most widely discussed was the pro gram advanced by Beardsley Ruml, New York Federal Reserve bank of ficial. Under this setup one year's taxes would go by default, and tax payers would meet 1943 taxes out of 1943 income rather than pay 1942 taxes this year. Well might congress study tax plans because this year brings in creased income tax rates, the 5 per cent Victory Tax and larger levies on many everyday living items. And the treasury department indicated that to meet the rising cost of war even greater sacrifices may become necessary. But U. S. citizens were taking the new situation in stride. Most people realized that it takes a great deal of money to win a mod ern war. , GIFT: Of 20 Million In 1939, Walter P. Murphy, head of the Standard Railway Equipment company, gave Northwestern uni versity $6,735,000 with which to es tablish a technological institute on the Evanston, 111., campus. When death came to Walter Mur phy on December 16, 1942, he had not forgotten Northwestern. A pro vision of his will, announced at the end of the year, gave the univer sity more than $20,000,000 to devel op, maintain and operate the tech nological institute. Beyond this re striction the will placed no limita tion on the use of the bequest. The gift raised Northwestern uni versity to fifth place in amount of endowment among the universities of the country. Harvard, Yale, the University of Chicago and the Uni versity of Rochester lead. DRINKING: And the Army Drinking conditions in and around army camps do not constitute a se rious problem for officials, accord ing to a report made by the Office of War Information after an ex tensive coast-to-coast investigation. This survey was undertaken to de termine what truth if any there ex isted for some of the rumors among U. S. citizens about excessive drink ing among the nation's armed forces. In all U. S. history, the OWI says, no army has been so orderly. The sale of 3.2 beer in army camps is described as a "healthy and sensible" arrangement. This is listed as the main reason for the vastly less amount of drinking by soldiers in this war as compared to World War I. Security Planner Pictured with his wife, Sir William Beveridge attends a luncheon at the 8avoy hotel, London, in the interest of his social security plan. Sir Wil liam is the author of a financial as sistance plan which prefects the peo ple of Great Britain from the cradle to the grave. It has received con siderable publicity in the United States. MISCELLANY: RECORD: American shipbuilders in 1942 turned out a record number of 750 merchant vessels, totaling 8 million tons, according to the Na tional Council of Shipbuilders. STRIKES: Man-days lost from war production as a result of strikes dropped to 91,925 in November?the lowest since Pearl Harbor. SALVAGE: A Jap radio broadcast reported that engineers had refloat ed and repaired an 11,000-ton U. S. flqpting dry dock which it said American forces scuttled last April at Port Marivales, Bataan. Point Rationing Brings Equitable Sharing, Food Administration Officials Announce ? ???? Enough Food for All U. S. Promised; Sub-standard Diets Said Unnecessary ~~< Even though Americans will have to have a ration book with i their can opener starting next month when all canned, dried and 1 frozen fruits and vegetables are rationed, those who live on farms and in the rural section of America will fare much better than : their city dwelling friends and relatives. m m t_ *? -?< ? 3 ? ? ' ? r ui ii can iruns ana vegeiaoies,' and those preserved at home, will not be affected by the rationing or der. Those who have hoarded canned goods will have to declare the amount of goods they have on hand. But housewives on farms, and in the rural sections of the nation who have always been more "canning conscious" than those living in the cities will reap the benefit of all their extra housework during the past summer and early fall months. But, all in all, everyone will have enough to eat, even though there will not be the usual as sortment of formerly available foodstuffs. Food Administrator Claude R. Wlckard declared that nearly half of next year's pro duction of canned and dried fruits and vegetables will be needed for military purposes. He also stated that rationing in , the U. 8. does not mean sub standard diets. It is possible that eventually all food and wearing apparel will be rationed. The rationing system will be carried on through the new so Secretary of agriculture, Claude Wlekard (1.), and chief of the office of war Information, Elmer Davi* (r.), aa they broadcast to the nation announcing the pending food rationing. called universal ration book, or war ration book No. 2. This book is de signed to handle two or three ra tion programs simultaneously. Its coupons are numbered to permit the rationing of consumer items by the expenditure of an allotted number of points by each individual, rather than the couDon svstem as used for coffee and sugar. OPA officials explained that while the unit-coupon system works well for sugar, it cannot be used for ra tioning foodstuffs that are diversi fied, such as meat. Using meat as an example, rationing officials showed how impossible it would be to divide the total supply on a per person basis because there are too many kinds of meat, too many cuts of each type, besides too many grades of each type and cut. Point rationing, they say, pro vides an equitable share for each and every one, besides per mitting freedom of choice for the consumer. Different point values will be giv en different commodities. Using meat again as an example, a pound of one kind of meat might be given a value of eight points. A pound of another kind of meat, more plenti ful, might be given a value of six points. The more plentiful a food stuff, the less point value it will be given. The government will deter mine the point value of each com modity on the basis of supply and demand. As the supply or demand fluctuates, the point value can be changed accordingly. The new ration books will have stamps that are designat ed as worth eight, live, two or one points. Virtually any point value can thus be computed by using this combination of stamps. When purchases are made the appropriate stamps are turned In to the dealer. The stamps besides having the point value designated on them will also be marked with a letter to Indicate the period of time in which it may be used. This point rationing system would be similar to the system that has been in use in England (or some time. There the system is used (or (ood as well as clothing. According to OPA officials British housewives learned to welcome point-rationing. To put the rationing system into effect more than 1,500,000 volunteers will be required, according to Leon Henderson, OPA director. Food administration officials have . hinted that for a while the point rationing plan will be somewhat | confusing. They feel, though, that the American people will be able to swing into the point purchasing plan in a minimum amount of time, with but little complaint, and with the same spirit they have shown during the past year of war effort. Food Rationing List: Here are the processed foods to be rationed and the exceptions, as listed by the Office of Price Administration: Canned and bottled fruits and fruit Jnlees (including spiced fruits). Apples, including crabapples, applesauce, apricots, baby foods, berries, all varieties; cherries, red sour pitted, other cherries; cranberries and sauce; fruits for salad and fruit cocktail; grape fruit, grapefruit juice, grape juice, peaches, pears, pineapple, pineapple juice, all other canned and bottled fruits, fruit juices, and combinations. Fruit juices in containers hold ing more than a gallon are ex empted. Canned and bottled vegetables and vegetable juices: Asparagus; baby foods; beans, fresh lima; beans, green and wax; beans, all canned and bot tled dry varieties including baked beans, soaked dry beans, pork and beans, kidney beans, and len tils ; beets, including piclded; car rots; corn; peas; sauerkraut; spinach; tomatoes; tomato catsup and chili sauce; tomato juice, ail other tomato products; all other canned and bottled vegetables, vegetable juices, and combina | tions. Vegetable juices in containers holding more than one gallon are exempt. Other processed foods: Canned soups, all types and va rieties. Dried, dehydrated fruits: prunes, raisins, all others. Frozen fruits: cherries, peaches, strawberries, other berries, all other frozen fruits. Frozen fruits in containers holding more than 10 pounds are exempt. Frozen vegetables: asparagus, beans, lima beans, green beans, and wax beans, broccoli, corn, peas, spinach, all other frozen vegetables. Frozen vegetables in containers holding more than It pounds are exempt. The following additional items are exempt: ' ; Candied fruits, chili con carne, fruit cakes, fruit puddings, jams, jellies, meat stews containing some vegetables, olives, paste products (such as spaghetti, mac aroni, noodles) whether or not packed with added vegetable sauces, pickles, potato salad, pre serves, relishes. a Administrator Wickard, Hooeier State Native, First U. S. Job in '33 Food Administrator Claude Raymond Wickard was born on a farm in Carroll county, Indi ana, February 28, 1803. He grad uated from Purdue university at the age of 22, with a degree in agriculture. At 25 he married Louise Eckert. They have two children, Betty Jane and Ann Louise. His first important fed eral job was with the AAA in 1933 as assistant chief jn the corn and hogs section. He has been secretary of ag riculture since 1940. Just recent ly he was appointed food ad ministrator for the nation at the same time Paul McNutt was ap pointed manpower administra tor. Administrator Wickard is a member of the United Brethren church, a Mason, and Rotarian. His rural home is in Camden, Ind. Inescapable Facts Prove Farmers' Job for 1943 Almost Superhuman Every American farmer is facing one of the most grueling years he has ever had in prospect. He will be expected to produce more in the face of less farm labor than last year and serious shortages in mechanical equipment. 1942's rec ord achievements were, in a sense, merely a "warm-up" for the job to be done in 1943. These facts are inescapable, and the earlier thev are accented- and a ?.? the sooner every possible step is taken to overcome the handicaps which will be encountered, the bet ter the assurance that the 1M3 (arm program will be successful, accord ing to L. G. Elliott, president, La Salle Extension university, Chicago. No one can deny the seriousness of the worldwide food situation. Mil lions upon millions of once produc tive farm lands have been laid waste by the ravages of war in Eu rope. Wartime drains on manpower, which have created serious farm la bor shortages already in this coun try, have had a paralyzing effect on farm production in Russia and Germany particularly. Countries un der the conqueror's grinding heel have been stripped of cattle, swine, surplus food supplies, and even seed grains. Total world production of food is down sharply, while world food demands are up. We can no longer think only in terms of this nation's requirements. America has never been able to stand idly by and watch other na tions starve, and, regardless of what effort is required, what sacrifices are entailed, we are not going to turn a deaf ear to the world's frantic pleas for food. In food, as well as in arms and munitions, we cannot and will not produce "too little, and too late." Increases of more than 10 per cent above last year's record peaks are planned for many of the major farm products, including pork, lard, beef, eggs and poultry. They are the products that will be most ur gently needed. Farmers who have specialized in these lines have al ready boosted their output and for the third consecutive year have sur passed even their previously high totals. They will do even more this year in order to meet the larger demand from consumers with high er incomes, from the government to supply the armed forces, and from natioas abroad that are fighting with us. Long before planting time much Van be done to insure higher pro duction in 1M3. Right now is the time for every farmer who has not already started to do so, to examine every piece of mechanical equip ment he owns for wear and correcti ble defects which, if not remedied now can cause breakdowns at a time when they would seriously interfere with production. Now is the time to do all possible repairing and con struction of buildings, and all oth er work which can be done in ad vance. During the planting, grow ing, and harvesting season every hour which is devoted to any other i task will rob the world of food. _ _ ( WHO'S NEWS This Week Bp Load F. PartM r Consolidated Features.?WNU Release. XTEW YORK.?Scouting optimist* A ' in the news around the New Year, one finds Dr. Thomas Midgley Jr. becoming president of the Ameri Hold.Sdenc.WUi ? ??? Clear the Way for after years Peace, Abandonee ????? dotted-line achievement. Among his prophecies have been his forecast at about three quadrillion dollars' worth of gold to be taken from sea water, inter-planetary travel, age control and the end of indigestion by the use of hormones. His achieve ments, which are many, include his discovery of tetraethyl lead as a gasoline anti-knock compound, his development of non-toxic and non inflammable refrigerants and his many contributions to basic re search in synthetic rubber proc esses. - As to the mundane sstlsak in general. Dr. Midgley takes the cheerful view that the gaiintlil ereativeness and productiveness of science, with its lemwsad af new energies and procmei, win clear the way far peace and abundance in spite et em col lective ilapidiiit i and villainies. These alluring. If umatt, bari ums, Dr. Midgley sees bans Us wheel chair to Warfhtogten. Ohio, having been stricken with infantile paralysis in IMS. Thus afflicted, he has continued hie research, with as iltibiatog af either work or fervor, and a pao sibly heightened belief in seme kind af happy ending, ar rather fulfillment far the iinidi Su rname. Bis story would be a ease in paint far Thomas Maan. who says the calmest faith and truest personal integrity is at- -U tained through suffering. In Cornell university, where hmdm was graduated in 1911, it was that young Midgley would coasfto along through routine work, but was always busy on something out of the groove?some idea of his own. This inclined him quickly to research and before he had been out at college a year he was threading the sub atomic maze of synthetic rubber. It was in the years from 1SS to 1921 that he brought through his knock less gasoline, which bloomed into the impressive ethyl gasoline indus try, with headquarters at Detroit, of which industry he is vice president. In his wheel chair, he is a big busi ness executive, with special tele phone rigs to make his inter-office communication around the comity easy and casual?like everything else about him. Speakii| of attainment through frustration, he worked with telluri um when he arms bringing through his non-toxic refrigerants and that permeated his genial person with a powerful odor of garlic. He took scientific measures?something like protective coloring. When he trav eled. he found in the smoking oar the closest possible concentration at bad cigars. The fragrance of garlic was Just a harmless added starter here, and nobody noticed him. He is resourceful, diligent, optimistic. DERSONS who have been a bit 1 jittery about the government tell ing us where to work and what to do may be assured by the public record He'll Square Oar %*??? War Manpower Clark, the With Blackstone New York lawyer who drafts the quite unprecedented aad drastic manpower bill far Paul Ke Nutt. A stanch advocata at com pulsory military service, end of any and all methods necessary for na tional survival, Mr. Clark has been at the same time an alert end out spoken defender of. civil Hbertiea. He is a pioneer of the Plattafaurg system and chairman of the Ra tional Emergency Committee of the Military Training Camps, and an active advocate of a big and strong army, but he p a wary opponent of anything suggesting a military caste. In May, 1991, ha said: "My experience in the war de partment has led me to distrust the participation of army or navy ex perts in affairs of national policy." Similarly, he has appaosd any enereaehmeat aa Coastltallansl ? safeguards by bareaaerats, or excessive centralisation ?f gov ernment which Blight re danger iadividnal liberties. Ha may be cited as a eons pleases baMeat against bath the weakness at a , peaee-loviag democracy and Aa , aggression af militarists and war-planners wbe might save the eonntij bat leave it no hag er a demeermey.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Jan. 14, 1943, edition 1
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