Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / Jan. 28, 1943, edition 1 / Page 1
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The Alamance Gleaner i Vol LXVIII ? GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 28, 1943 No. 4#-'| WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Ickes Cites Small Business Peril; Congressional Pay - as-You-Go Tax Program Gets Treasury's Approval; Fifth Russ Offensive Batters Nazis (EDITOR'8 NOTE: When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) ' Released by Western Newspaper Union. _____?????? ? mil win in iini i in i "iiiinn mi iim?iwiiiiiM wiiii??n w Somewhere in China this soldier of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's armies stands guard before a line of American P40 planes at an inland air base. His shift is 24 hours at a stretch in guarding these precious craft that hold off Jap advances in China. PAY-AS-YOU-GO: Tax Gets Go-Ahead It had been clear that official Washington from Capitol Hill to the White House had agreed that a pay as-you-go income tax was the most effective means of raising the multi billion revenue needed to help de fray war costs. How to apply the levy to the na tion's 35,000,000 taxpayers and what yardstick to use had been the sub ject of numerous recommendations. The treasury department gave its support to a bill by Sen. Bennett Clark for a new 19 per cent with holding tax. Added to the prevail ing 5 per cent Victory tax this would mean a total of 24 per cent with held from payrolls. Under the Clark program the pay as-you-go plan would be inaugurated March 15. The taxpayer would file his income tax return on that date and pay his first quarterly 1943 taxes on the basis of his 1942 income. The withholding tax would then be effec tive on weekly or monthly pay checks, as well as on income from interest and dividends. Persons not on payrolls such as farmers, independent business men, professional people and others could pay their taxes on a monthly or quarterly basis. FOOD PRICES: Index Up 43 Per Cent Skyrocketing retail prices of fresh fruits and vegetables, whose cost is not controlled by the OPA, were largely responsible for an increase of 43 per cent in the food cost index since August, 1939, the month be fore World War II began, according to a summary released by Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins. Even since the price control law began to operate last spring, Mrs. Perkins said, retail food prices have gone up because of the increases in the cost of items still uncontrolled. The index in December was 9 per cent above last May and 17 per cent above December, 1941, the month ""the United States entered the war. NORTH AFRICA: (f ar vs. Politics As French forces broke the lull in North Africa's stalemated war by capturing a number of passes on the road to the Tunisian seaport of Sousse, so, too, it appeared that the French had moved effectively to end the political strife that had ham pered all-out action against the Axis. The importance of the French drive toward Sousse was that it threatened the Axis land supply routes for operations in central and southern Tunisia. On the political front Harold Mac Millan, British minister for North Africa, predicted an agreement be tween Gen. Henri Giraud and Gen. Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Fighting French, would remove most of the objectionable features in the present administration of North Africa. A three-way conflict of interests had raged since the American in vasion. On one side stood the Lib erals and Republicans, who had wel comed the Americans. On the other stood the Vichyites and Fascists. In between were the Royalists, at tempting to capitalize on the battle. SMALL BUSINESS: Total War Casualty? Economists had long been aware of the war's menacing impact on American small business, but their statistical discourses attracted lit tle public notice. It remained for vocal Secretary of Intefior Harold L. Ickes to dramatize the little busi ness man's plight when he declared that the country now faces "the bru tal fact that the war can be the final, pushing blow to small business." <* Pointing out that "the major por tion of war production contracts are going to a few large corporations," Mr. Ickes told the senate small busi ness committee that "should the small business man go, we all will go." Mr. Ickes warned that "we must guard against the loss of our tradi tional freedom of enterprise, a loss that would result in creating a dic tatorship by. a few corporations and cartels over our jobs." FIFTH OFFENSIVE: v Launched by Reds , To the four Russian offensives that had jarred the Nazis loose from thousands of square miles of dearly won territory was added a fifth that appeared to be the supreme Red winter effort. . Voronezh ? strong point on the 1,000-mile Soviet line from Moscow to the Black Sea was the springboard of this drive and it was the German high com mand itself which made the first announcement to the world. Significance of the Voronezh of fensive was that it faced the al ready hardpressed Nazis with a dou ble threat. Red forces from Voro nezh could turn due south to join the other offensives aimed at Ros tov, or could drive westward to ward Kursk and Kharkov in the Up per Ukraine and menace the Nazi hold on this world-faihous granary. Significant, too, was the fact that | the Russians held the initiative. It was the Germans who were on the defensive, who must conjecture where the Reds would strike next and had costly alternatives thrust on them. In all other theaters the Russians were pressing their newly gained advantages, reoccupying areas in the Caucasus, whittling down Ger man resistance near Stalingrad and engaging vast Nazi forces in the lower Don river reaches. AIR TEMPO: Allied Power Rises Prophetic of what was yet to come Allied airplanes continued to ride the skies and shower destruction on Axis-held European and Mediterra nean areas. Hitler's armory in the Ruhr val ley was the target of repeated bomb ings. Lille, locomotive manufactur ing center of northern France, ex perienced gutting raids. On the route, also were Abbeville and St. Omar near the British channel coast of France. In the Mediterranean, Allied bombers were active both on the is land bases serving Axis troops and on the African mainland itself. Med iterranean attacks were made on Crete, Sicily and Lamped us. Afri can raids were made on Horns, near Tripoli and between So usee and Sfax. SULLIVAN BROTHERS: A Tale of Heroism The five Sullivan brothers of World War II promised to* become as cele brated in American annals as the five Bixby brothers of the Civil war, immortalized by Abraham Lincoln's letter to their mother. Not yet was it known whether the Sullivan boys were dead or alive, but a navy communication to their parents in Waterloo, Iowa, ominous ly reported them "missing in ac tion." The brothers joined the navy to avenge a friend slain at Pearl Harbor. They were shipmates at their own request and were believed casualties of the cruiser Juneau sunk in the November battle for the Solo mons. The Sullivan brothers are George T., 29, gunner's mate second class; I Francis H., 28, coxswain; Joseph E., 1 23, seaman, second class; Madison A., 22, seaman second class; and Albert L., 30, seaman, second class. ROAD TO TOKYO: Mired by Rains The road to Tokyo was bogged down by tropical rains that turned fighting Allied sectors in New Guinea into swampy mires, but in the air American and Australian command ers broadened their air offensive against the Japanese with raids on four main bases. On the Allied air calling list were Madang and Finschaven on the northern New Guinea coast. Flying Fortresses supported by medium bombers and fighter planes struck likewise at Lae and Salamau. In the Lae area 160 miles up the east- I era New Guinea coast from Allied held Buna, large fires were started among barges, stores and harbor installations. In the Solomons, the plight of the Jap garrisons had grown more se rious as efforts to land extensive supplies had been balked by Ameri can air power. The navy depart ment reported that a three-day of fensive on Guadalcanal island had progressed satisfactorily, with sev eral Jap positions isolated and awaiting destruction. Air raids were continued against Munda is land. NAZI HOME MORALE: Signs of Strain Voluriles had been written by Al lied commentators about the state of the German home front since the Russ offensives, but two brief state ments by high Nazi officials revealed the enormously heartening fact that Reich morale had at least begun to creak. The Nazi officials were Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels, propaganda min ister, and Gen. Kurt Dietmar, a leading German military critic. Writing in the magazine Das Reich, Goebbels denounced civilian "sluggards'' for impeding Nazi war activities, called for more belt-tight ening and announced that "burdens on the home front can and will be increased." General Dietmar said that wheth er they like it or not, Germans would have to put up with new re strictions to provide more troops. He admitted that the Russians had broken through German lines on the southern front, and that the situa tion was becoming serious. "The need has come for still greater hard ships at home," he said, "to in crease the flow of recruits to the front." , NAVY MAIL: To Be Speeded Because the problem of mail de liveries to men in the navy, marine corps and coast guard has been complicated by the vast increase in personnel, the navy department an nounced that two rules would be placed in effect immediately to in sure prompt service: Parcel post packages must weigh not more than five pounds and meas ure not more than 15 inches in length and 36 inches in length and girth combined. Inappropriate sec ond and third class matter such as advertising circulars would not be forwarded to men overseas. PAUL JOSEPH GOEBBELS . . . Propaganda in reverse. WHO'S I NEWS This Week * By Lemuel F. Pirton Consolidated Features.?WNU Hslease. ?^EW YORK.?Big shots galore are headquartering in Washing ton now, but of all the gathering Eric A. Johnson is probably the - , ... only one who Cornea Long Way was actually To Beat Drum for born there. V. S. Leadership He ? ing for Unit ed States world-leadership when peace is won. He is from the other side of the continent where he heads the biggest electrical manufacturing company in the Northwest. He speaks, however, as president of the United States Chamber of Com merce, and with Bryanesque elo quence. ^President Johnson quit Wash ington when he was a nipper, be cause his family quit It. By the time he was six he was selling - papers on Spokane's streets. By the time he had got to high school he was reporting the school news. He yielded then, however, to a crass love of mon ey and through his four years in college he cleaned up as a long shoreman. His notion was to study law and cash in on his oratorical gift, bat the first World war shunted him off to the marines. When the war was ovef he turned salesman. That led onward and up ward to electrical manufacturing. Forty-five now, he is, as they used to say when Cluett and Peabody set the standard of manly beauty, handsome enough for a collar-ad. He is friendly, too. He hasn't yet been listed among the country's 12 best-dressed men, but when he gets into a modestly striped suit he doesn't need to keep to the side streets. HP HE pretty matron decided that the photograph suggested Charles Boyer quite a lot. Not Valentino? Well, Yes! Around the mouth there , .. r n was a defl An Air of Romance nite sugges A bout Our Chief of tion of Val Chemical Warfare enti,no- his tender, sen sitive . . . Whoa-a-a-a! > The photograph was an old, old one of Maj. Gen. William N. Porter, chief of chemical warfare service. But even though it wouldn't have been cricket to spread that tender and sensitive salve any thicker the pretty matron was on the beam when she perceived an aura of ro mance around the general's phiz. The general is a romantic man. Commissioned as ensign at Annapolis 1909, married 1910, transferred to the army as a second lieutenant the same year, the general was no Ulys ses to go rowing off while his Penelope sat alone ashore. Of coarse the general's wife rates an assist, a conple. She was the apple of the general's eye, bat she was also a naval offi cer's daughter. She knew, as well as the general knew from his one year at sea, what sort of lives navy eonples lived. She knows now the sort of life an army couple can live. Very pleasant! The general hustled along the pro motion flies past enough more sta tionary officers to staff a corps and by 1941 he had his two stars. Now he has the tired face of a man who works too hard, but the benevolent face of a man who wishes others as much good in this world as he has had. The only ones who lack his good wishes are the Nazis and the Nips. Alert against the thinnest hint of gas attacks, the general says his service is primed to give back a double dose. ? TTHE surge of women into all sorts of positions of authority in this wartime economy adds pepper to the challenge which Mrs. Alfred Legion A ax. Head bat, "nation Challenge* Women al presi Te Stop Hoarding of the American Legion Auxiliary, throws out to her sex. She says the women are the only ones who can put an end to hoarding; there will be none if they do not tolerate it. Auxiliary presidents used to be )nst presidents of the Le gion's tag-alongs. But nowadays, when any of the tag-alongs may turn up in congress or better, their president Isn't to be quiet ed with a box of candy or a couple of matinee tickets. Mrs. Mathebat ongbt to have a wide audience. Legion members have been listening to her these years with proflt. Six Million Farmers Pledge Co-operation 1 In Nationwide Campaign for More Foodi * Committee Is Elected To Study Various Production Plans. Eyes of the nation are on the American farmer this month. What's he doing to merit all this attention? Why nothing at all, except making plans for an even better production job in '43 than he did last year?and '42 broke records right and left! Farm Mobilization day in mid month set in motion a coast-to coast plan, for getting the most from every acre. Demands on the farmer and his land will be heavier than ever, but shortages of labor and materials will be tighter. That means that many farms will have to produce still more to meet thff-goals. When the nation-wide sign-up of men, land and livestock al ready under way is completed, Uncle Sam will know what he can expect from his "food and fiber army" on 6,000,000 farms. Farm Mobilization day began the greatest campaign for food production in the long and meri torious history of United States agriculture. Farmers assembled in groups all over the nation on that day for spe cial meetings at which the national and local production situation was discussed. Production goals for each locality were studied, and the farm er's part in meeting goals for his own land was shown in its relation to the entire war contribution of agriculture. Keynote of the farm mobilization program was set in a national pro gram on January 12. Government officials and high ranking officers of the armed services were among the speakers. A Minnesota farm woman whose son is fighting in Algiers told what she is doing to meet food pro duction goals, and a county war board chairman from Illinois repre sented the farming man. Explanation of the importance of the farmer's goals to the strength of Americans at home, and the free dom of all the United Nations, la expected to bring a clearer appre ciation of his problems among or ganizations and the people at large. Many groups will pledge co-opera tion and support the farmer's ef forts to meet these problems. Immediately following tbs Farm Mobilization day meet ings, farmer committeemen elected by farmers themselves began visiting each farm to help the operator work oat his Indi vidual production plan. At the same time, a survey of his la bor, machinery and other needs Is being made. Each plan, when completed, will represent that farm's share In national produc tion goals. Agriculture's "1943 Farm Plan" sets up on a single sheet the crop acreages for 1942 and the new 1943 goal for each farm on war crops such as soybeans, peanuts, toma toes, peas and potatoes, and acre ages on other crops such as feed crops for grain. The farmer's "in tentions" for livestock, poultry and hogs for slaughter are indicated, and the same single sheet contains information regarding allotment crops (tobacco, cotton, wheat, rice, peanuts and corn) necessary to en able the Agricultural Adjustment agency to determine eligibility of farmers in all regions of the coun try. Copies of these "Farm Plan" out lines are kept in the office of the county committeeman, and refer ence will be made to them by the department of agriculture war boards in determining the individual farmer's labor, transportation, gaso line, machinery and other produc tion requirements, and the greatest possible local assistance that can be given to him. January and February are the months when the production pattern for the year is developed in its en tirety, and to a large extent the plan ning and organization taking place at this time will forecast whether or not national goals will be met in '43. The most critical food produc tion year in history requires carefnl planning if there is to be enough for everyone. Farmers will have to continue the co-operatively managed program they approved and followed last year, with harder work and longer hours ahead. Civilian consumers will have to follow a co-operative program of their own, so that fa thers and brothers and daughters in the armed forces of all the United Nations may be assured the food and clothing they need while they are serving on far-flung battlefronts. United States military needs in '<3, plus cargoes for food ships crossing the seven seas to aid tghting Allies, are expected to take one-half again as mneh as was demanded tn *42. Abort one-fourth of the anticipated to tal food production must be ear marked for this use. One-half SI all canned vegetables and one-third of the billions of eggs gathered during the year will go off to war. Over 25 per cent of total meat production will join the ranks, together with the products from oth er millions of acres. I Wis easily apparent that farm production goals and how well they are met srill play a vital part in the progress of the war. This should give Mr. and Mrs. U. S. Citizen on the home front a keen interest in what the farmer expects to do in 1941 and how he is going about the business of achiev ing his expectation. Greater empiuufa k the aev production goals is an fanning for war needs. It's going to bo a tough year for the farmer, bis 1943, because increased labor and machinery shortages ?? demand more at each remaining farm worker as wen as a pool ing of equipment for the widest possible utilization at arsilshio mechanical aids. The remarkable 1942 production record of America's farmers took careful planning and co-operation. Most of all it took a lot of hard work on the part of these soldiers at tha land. Mobilization of all his forces is the farmer's answer to the new chal lenges he must meet before his 1943 goals can be realized. He wont be trying to do the impossible, became be doesn't recognize the existenrs of such a word as applied to agri culture in wartime. Food is needed and the farmer will produce it. That's all there is to it, so far as he is concerned. If he gets a little recognition and appreciation it will make his work seem easier, but? He's producing Fsad far Vis lory. That's honor rnsugh tor him. Nation's Farms Provide Needed War Materials J 1 New Emphasis Is Placed on ^ Crop Conversion. Much deserved publicity has been given to the converting of industries such as automobile manufacture to war production. Vivid pictures have f been drawn of the "change-over" at machinery to new high-speed air craft work, for example, and at die rapidity with which these changes have been made. Farmers have been making just as abrupt?and often considerably more sweeping?conversions to as sure their best possible contribution to the war effort. Farm products have been utilized by industry all along, but new em phasis has been placed on this as pect of agriculture since it became necessary to replace imports with things produced at home, and in crease production of crops already in use. When the farmer starts raiatog hemp he is entering a new type at production that requires careful study and intelligent appiicatiae at eflcient methods. He's growtog hal yards and hawsers 1st the navy, and it's ap to him to replace the millions at feet at Unas that ansa came thousands of miles from the Philippines. Drug plants, such as belladonna and henbane, and the trees from the bark of which comes quinine, are being raised in increasing quanti ties to take the place of former im ports that are vital to the lives of soldiers and civilians alike. War activities used to refer mainly to muskets, bayonets and caiman. Not so today. Now in the front line is placed fanning. Food is not only a weapon in itself, but the tann ers' fields are also providing nasdsd materials at war. Heat, and plenty ef it, la the na tion'! farm en' Job thia year to that the armed foreea, war work en, aad j lead-leaae Alliea can continue the 1 atracfle afainat the Asia. Clarence Wink (right), whose farm U in Potter county, near (nnrilh, Texas, signing np for planned production. Aiding him is Mm Cotten, AAA county committeeman. When iprinftime rolls sroond such scenes as these will be tnnltiplied a thousand times. American farmers by then will be on their way toward a successful completion of their des ignated job.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Jan. 28, 1943, edition 1
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