Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / April 8, 1943, edition 1 / Page 1
Part of The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
? j The Alamance Gleaner 1 VoL LXIX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 8, 1943 No. 9 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS U. S. Forces Gain Ground in Tunisia; New Food Czar Seeks Speedy Solution Of Acute Farm Production Problems; Russ Offensives Endanger Smolensk (KBITOK'I NOTE: Whim opinions mri ui>NM< Im then ??lamu, they mn Uim ef Wistern Newspaper Union s mews analysis ami met necessarily ef this newspaper.) i Released by Western Newspaper Union. _____???? For conspicuous heroism as leader of a marine fighting squadron in aerial combat with Jap forces in the Solomon islands, Ma], Robert E. Galer Is presented with the Congressional Medal of Honor by President Roosevelt. The air hero's mother is shown helping to adjust the pendant ?a which the decoration hangs. FOOD: 3-Way Attack No stranger to farm problems, food production or the delicate job of dealing with recalcitrant congress men was Chester C. Davis, recently appointed chief of the new Admin istration of Food Production and Distribution. Former head of the Agricultural Adjustment administra tion, Davis knew .the ropes in Wash ington and how to keep from get ting tangled in them. For weeks the capital had expect ed some action in the increasingly critical food production situation. By relieving hard-pressed Secretary of Agriculture Wickard of his food ad ministrator tasks and appointing Mr. Davis as sole food czar, President Boosevelt had created a new three way agency, combining the Food Production administration, the Food Distribution administration and the Farm Labor administration. Closer working agreements be tween congress and the food admin istration and a minimum of official friction in dealing with war-created farm problems were expected to re sult under Davis' administration. Observers agreed that Davis had ?ue of the toughest jobs in history, but they were betting he would win. AIR RAIDS: Woe to Axis Axis-held Europe will soon be sub jected to 'round-the-clock air raids in which newer, bigger and faster American bombers will carry three ?r four times the bomb weight of present Flying Fortresses. This prediction was made in Lon don by Maj. Gen. Ira C. Eaker, commander of the U. S. army air forces in Britain. American forces, he said, are now ready to build up a Striking power on a par with that of the Royal air force. Soon, he added, will begin the sustained offensive in which the Americans will strike at Europe by day and the British will bomb by night. General Eaker disclosed that in a series of 51 raids, the U. S. army air force has lost fewer than 90 bombers. NORTH AFRICA: Rough Road Ahead The battle to clear the Axis out tt Tunisia was going to take time. Rommel's army still had an offensive "kick." The struggle was likely to get tougher before it got better. These facts emerged more clearly as the inexorable pressure of the Allied forces ringing the enemy was met by counter attacks which had regained for Rommel's army much at the ground lost when the British Eighth army sliced into the Mareth Soe. The communiques did not indicate any lessening of the Allied effort. They merely served to show that the battle was by no means won at the present time. The conviction at an ultimate Axis defeat con tin While the British stoutly contest ed the Nazi forces in the South, the Americans under Lieut. Gen. George S. Patton not only held their previ ous gains at El Guettar in the "waist" of Tunisia but pushed on east of Maknassy in a drive on the coastal road. DOCTORS: Rural U. S. Praised Praising the rural areas of the United States tor having in many instances exceeded their quotas in contributing doctors to the nation's armed forces, the American Medi cal association declared that enroll ments of medical officers in the army and navy are lagging because of the failure of young available physicians in large cities to volun teer for duty. This situatiop is par ticularly prevalent along the East ern seaboard, the association's offi cial magazine charged. The fact that the armed services are not getting all the doctors they need was disclosed at a recent meeting with military authorities in Washington, the Journal of the American Medical Association said. The conference revealed that 6,000 doctors must be drawn from the ci vilian population this year. FLOUR: 16 Millers Indicted In Chicago a federal grand jury indicted 16 flour milling companies and the industry's trade association on charges of conspiracy to fix prices of packaged family flour?the kind .ordinarily sold for use in homes throughout the United States. * The indictment charged that the defendants who mill 81 per oent of the 45,000,000 barrels of family flour sold annually met from time to time and agreed upon a uniform schedule of price differentials to be applied to the various sizes of packages in which the flour is sold. Addition of packaging charges had the effect of increasing bulk prices charged by millers by more than 100 per cent in some sizes, the indictment alleged. The Miller's federation jn a state ment declared "there are no price agreements in the milling industry and there is no price fixing of family flour." RUSSIA: Action Slacken^ Although the tempo of battle on the Russian front had slowed down and action appeared to be drifting into a deadlock in several sectors, the Red army had continued its dog ged drive through the spring slush and mud toward Smolensk. Meanwhile German onslaughts de signed to gain control of the upper Donets river valley had slackened following the furious resistance of the Russian defenders. The Russian ? move toward Smo lensk took the form of a north-south drive. The heaviest assault. A So viet war bulletin reported sharp thrusts by the Red forces north of Dukhovschino, 32 miles northeast of Smolensk. At the same time a Rus sian column was reported moving to ward Dorogobuzh, below the Mos cow-Vyazma-Smolensk railway and 50 miles east of Smolensk. Fierce counter-attacks with heavy concen trations of artillery backing up in fantry were being undertaken by the Germans, a Russ communique re ported. To the south, the Germans were paying a heavy price in men and material for their effort to gain con trol of the upper Donets river basin. Nazi attempts to establish bases on the east bank of the river had been severely repulsed. SOUTH PACIFIC: Prelude to Storm? A lull in activity on both the Allied and Jap sides of the Pacific war had been taken by some observers to be merely the prelude to a storm ahead. Action tor some days was con fined to local air and sea attacks in various sectors of the South Pacific. In the Solomon islands, air raids were traded. American bombers strafed Rekata bay, while the Japs inflicted some damage on Guadal canal. Further to the east, an Amer ican submarine torpedoed and sank a Japanese submarine. In Burma, American fliers attacked the long railway viaduct between Mandalay and Lashio, a bridge north of Ran goon and the Thazi railway junc tion. The RAF bombed Donbaik, north of Akyb. ABSENTEES: Women Worst Offenders Women war workers were charged with being guilty of almost twice as much absenteeism as men, in a re port compiled by the National In dustrial Conference board. Covering a "sample" group of 29 . plants employing 106,620 persons, the report showed that in a single month 82,618 worker-days had been lost and that female employees aver aged 1.16 days out of the month while male workers lost 0.65 day each. Women showed a greater tendency to be absent for personal reasons, the survey disclosed. The board ; found that 50.4 per cent of their ab sences were in this compared with 47.8 per cent for men. RAW MATERIALS: Allies Now 'Solvent' William L. Batt, vice chairman of the War Production board, an nounced that the United Nations have now achieved "solvency" in raw materials and "are assured of sufficient amounts of all kinds to meet any military needs regardless of the length of the war." "No material is being used faster by the United Nations today than is being produced," he said. "It can be stated with complete safety that whatever the length of the war, am ple raw materials are available to meet our military needs." Batt credited the accomplishment to the combined raw materials board of the United Nations, established by President Roosevelt and Prime Min ister Churchill in their White House conferences in December, 1941. UNIONS: War to Cease? Many a priceless hour of war pro duction time had been lost in juris dictional disputes between rival un ions. Although some wrangles still appeared inevitable, the heads of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Or WILLIAM GREEN . . . raids to cease. ganimations agreed to take definite steps to end the difficulties. Appearing before the senate's Tru man investigating committee Wil liam Green, president of the AFL, and Philip Murray, president of CIO, promised to reopen negotiations to end "union raiding," the maneuver by which one union seeks to oust another from representation of workers. WAR BONDS: "They Give Their Lives' "They give their lives?You lend your money." That is the slogan of the treasury department's second War Loan drive opening April 12, which has as its objective raising 13 billion dollars through the sale of government securities. A substantial part of this vast financing?the most stupendous in world history?will be loaned by people in ordinary walks of life. Financial experts point out that there are in liquid funds in the U. S. at present, more than 40 billion dol lars which should go into the pur chase of government bonds. It is | from this huge reservoir that the treasury expects ,to meet its new : goal. | Army Prepares to Rule.Occupied Countries; Officers Taught Characteristics of Beaten Nations to Assure Efficient Administration Specialists in Law, Finance and Communication Recruited for Service Training; Aim Is to Win Conquered Foe's Friendship. Looking ahead to the time when land now under Axis dom-<' ination will be wrested from them, tha army is operating a school of military government under general supervision of the provost marshal general at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. Designed to train officers for future duties in military gov ernment and liaison work, the school provides a highly inten sified 16 weeks' course for qualified commissioned officers in the army of the United States and to a small number of civilians with specialized training. The members of this latter group are commissioned in the specialist reserve section, Officers Reserve corps, prior to their attendance at the school. When the United States army captures territory from the enemy, it is the responsibility of the commanding general of that particular theater of operations to set up a military gov- ; ernment over the occupied land. He? becomea military governor and ia in supreme control until such time as it is possible to re-establish a civil government. It is extremely difficult for the commanding general's regular staff to handle the I rimintloea Hatatla VVUIIU^N UlbOUd involved in the ad ministration of a . military govern ment due to the press of their oth er duties and the specialized knowl edge required in many cases. Thus the war depart ment, through the school of military Brig.-Gen. C. W Wiekertham governments and other special schools, is training officer personnel to act as top administrative officers and as junior officers in military governments under the direction of a theater's commanding general. A pool of technical talent has also been established, the members of which are called upon to fill tech nical and advisory posts. Military Government Designed to Win Conquered People The experience gained in 20-odd occupations during our history is valuable, as is that gained by other of the United Nations whflse experi- 1 ence is available to us. The policy of the United States army in regard to military government, and the one on which the teachings of the school are based, is as follows: "Tbe military government should be just, humane, and mild as prac ticable, and the welfare of the people governed should always be the aim of every person engaged therein." The school of military government obtains its students from recommen dations of the 10 service commands, various supply and administrative divisions of the war department, the commanding generals of the various armies, from personal applications of officers between the grades of captain and colonel, and from a se lected few of the specially qualified civilians commissioned in the Spe cialist Reserve section. Officers Re serve corps, who are members of the reserve pool of technical and professional specialists created by the provost marshal general. Those with experience and train ing in the fields of public works (transportation, gas, electric and water systems); finance (taxation, monetary systems, etc.); public health (sanitation, medicine, disease control); education (supervision of school systems); public safety (maintenance of order, prevention of crime); legal (supervision of mili tary and civil courts); communica tions (postal service, telegraph, tele phone, etc.); public welfare (care of infants, children, the needy and aged); and economics (supervision of agriculture, manufacture, and trade) are selected for further de tailed instruction at the school. Tnach Principle* of Government, Character of Enemy Countries Instruction at the school of mili tary government is of two types; a ' lecture program, and a program of practical problems. Under the first, students are taught the principles of military gov ernment, military courts, proclama tions, ordinances, state and munic ipal governments, international law and public administration. They are also given detailed information re garding the conditions and charac teristics of the countries and regions which may be occupied. Under the second, the class, divid ed first into small committees, actu ally conceives plans for the setting up of military governments in cer ain (elected cities, countries and { 'egions. This affords students prac- | leal experience in applying the prin- j :iples and methods they have , studied in the lecture program. Many factors most be taken into ] sonaideration before determining the | xrticular type of military govern- , nent to be set up in each territory. Location is important?whether it | les in the combat soae, in the sane >f communications, or is an occupied country after the armistice. This :ondition greatly affects the proee lore on questions having to do with protection of food and water sup plies, rationing of food and clothing, [uarding of banks and public bulld ogs, establishment of blackouts, etc. The final exercise in the course given at the school consists of draw ing up plans for military govern ment of the principal enemy coun tries. These final plans are put to practical use by the army. They ire studied by the proper authorities for any valuable suggestions they may contain as regards to actual methods of operation when enemy x>untries are occupied. Students' solutions are studied by research groups at the school for the purpose pf perfecting and refining them for future consideration and employ ment. The commandant of the school of military government is Brig.-Gen. C. W. Wickersham, a prominent law yer in civilian life. General Wick ersham is a veteran of the last World war in which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal and the Legion of Honor. Prior to his ap pointment as commandant of the school, he served as assistant chief of staff, G-J, first army. In addition to the school of mili % tary government, courses in military government are offered at the pro vost marshal general's training cen ter, Fort Custer, Mich., to selected junior officers and enlisted men of the corps of military police. These courses are designed to train men for future assignment to occupation- 1 al police units in areas taken over 1 by our armed forces. ???????? Washington Determines Civil Policy i Army Administers Such Policy Since the army's mission insofar as military government is concerned is primarily an administrative one, many underlying policies of such a government cannot be determined by the war department. The polit ical policy will be set by the state department, the fiscal policy by the treasury department, the .Federal Reserve board, etc. Because of this limitation, the army selects a cer tain number of technicians for mili tary government work from the nom inations of certain government agen cies such as state, treasury, and commerce departments. Board of Economic Warfare, etc. These technically qualified civil ians are formed into a pool. They are commissioned in the specialist reserve section. Officers Reserve ! corps, but kept on an inactive status until needed. They may be called j to active duty for a training period, not to exceed four months, during which time they will receive army , indoctrination courses and special instruction at selected colleges and universities on the areas to which they may subsequently be assigned, as required. In addition, certain civilian agencies have been asked to make special studies in the field of international law and economics, the results to be incorporated with ex isting information on military gov ernment. Besides training officers for mili tary government, the provost mar shal general also trains liaison of ficers. With American troops sta tioned in many United Nations coun tries and territories all over the world, friendly contact between our soldiers and civil governments and civilian populations is of prime im portance. To further this relation ship and to promote a better under standing between these groups, is the important duty of our army's liaison officers. ONE YEAR AGO?TIME GAINED AS YANKS HOLD ON AT BATAAN April 9, 1942 . . . Through the jagged jungle of Bataan a small, open car bear ing a white flag chugged toward the Japanese lines. In the car were Maj.-Gen. E. B. King and Col. E. P. Williams who were to announce the surrender of 35,000 American and Filipino troops. Since January, these troops had been waging a valiant bat tle against a numerically su perior and better equipped Jap anese army in the tropical fast ness of Bataan. From the foxholes dug out of the earth; from behind the towering brush; along the scraggling moun tains and hill sides, and under the torment of blazing sun, these men fought off the invaders for four months. Those four months gave the United Nations precious time to icverianiy moriii uieir raiuu in me Southwest Pacific. Those months oc cupied the bulk of a Japanese army that might otherwise have driven into Australasia. By April 8, however, the limit of their resistance had been reached. Their numbers dwindling, their sup plies running low?without adequate support of aircraft, tanks and guns ?they were being pressed farther and farther back toward the sea. A few managed to escape to the rockbound fortress of Corregidor, which also later surrendered. The spirit of this army was best described by Lieut. Nofman Reyes, a young Filipino officer broadcasting from Corregidor April 9. He said: . . With heads bloody bat uu bowed, they have yielded to the su perior force of the enemy. "The world will loaf remember the epic struffle that Filipino and American soldiers pat ap in the Jung le fsstnessess and along the rag fed coast of Bataan. They hare stood ap ancompiaining under the constant gruelling Ere of the enemy for more than three months. Be sieged on land and blockaded by sea, cot off from all sources of belp in the Philippines and in America, these intrepid lighters hare done all that human endurance could bear." After paying due respect to the gallantry of the American army in a speech February 20, President Manuel Quezon of the Philippines then stressed the role the Filipino played in the courageous struggle on Bataan. "By our decision to fight by the side of the United States, by our heroism and by our loyalty to the American flag, we won a battle ; greater than we lost," Quezon said. "Our decision and our heroism have won for our people real freedom for all time. * "Tea know what President Roose velt said In Ids proclamation to the Filipino people on December ZS, j 1ML These were his words: 1 give to the people of the Philippines my ' solemn pledge that their freedom will be redeemed and their inde pendence established and protected. The entire resources In men and materials of the United States stands behind that pledge.' "In the name of the Philippines, I am a signatory to the Atlantic charter. We are one of the United Nations. And whether the war is over before or after July 4, 1946, the data fixed for the establishment of the Philippine republic, I am cer tain we shall have our own represen tation in the peace conference." Who's News This Week B, Delos Wheeler Lovelace Consolidated Teatiuaa ?WWU BtlvsrT. XTEW YORK.?Harold B. Rows 1 stands in Washington holding a serving spoon that reaches all across the continent. You eat what be Her*. Chap Who HeTonSto Dithet Oat What the beans, We Have to Eat prunes, the pounds of beef, divvies them up among fits army, our lend-lease friends, and the home front. He is the OPA's boss of food rationing, and his prom ise that national control will cramp hoarders and end local shortages makes a pin-up poster that John Cit izen wouldn't swap for Hollywood** loveliest. Rewe was bora oa see et these deep blaek lews farms where any man can learn a let a beat food because it is so abundant. He needed the big University et Minnesota to finish Us education although he studied drat at lews State. At Mlnnesots he staved a step along toward his present eminence as a food expert. Hn learned to cook. He hired eat as a waiter ts get the meals hn couldn't afford to bay, bat when he dropped a tray of glasses toe lords of the University cafeteria tgnred he weald de less damage in the kitchen. If he drepptd a roast it could be brushed edT, and they hoped he'd hang ante pies. After Minnesota he taught for sot /ears at Massachusetts State col lege. He has been with the govern ment since 1941. He lives in Ken wood, Md , with his wife, sod and daughter, Verne, Marvin and Shir ley Ann. He has a round mild face and an easy manner that ought to keep him from'looking old for quite a spell. He is in his middle thirties. ? TP WO brothers of Anthony Eden, British foreign secretary, were killed in the last World war and he fought all through it, coming clear Eden, Hitler Had ??ub^d Chance in '17 to the Military Finish Each Other Cross. Today his two sons, like your sons and the sons of every body else, are in increasing jeopardy with every month that this second World war hangs on. These are reasons why Eden, on his visit in Washington, went to work like a nailer to smooth over aggravations among the United Nations and to stave off the third World war that some people say is shaping up even now. A few years back Sir Ansttn Chamberlain, brother ti Mu nich's Neville, called Mr. Eden a first-class second-rater. The Chamberlains are gene saw and the second-rater is the No. S aua of Britain. Only Chsrchffl stands above Una. Eden got into politics as seen as be finished at Oxford after the war. He was aid Stanley Baldwin's white-haired bay. He has bees in the basse M com mons since 1923, bnt his real start dates from the time he was aamhd secretary to the sec retary of state far foreign af fairs. He seemed after that and now is himself the secretary tor foreign affairs. This is his see sod tarn at the job. He is still only 46 years old, broad-shouldered and usually the best-dressed man at the party. Ad mirers say he takes after his moth er, a famous beauty. His family runs a long way hack. Robert de Eden started it in 1413 and Hitler might have ended it. Eden and Adolf, talking one day, discovered that their outfits had shot at each other around Ypres in 1917. ? ONE of tallest generals in any army helps the Americans push against Rommel's men on the side opposite from where Leclerc fights. Should Take Much Tap* to Bind Gen. S.Hughes. HugheS ?>/, Feet He stands a bit over six feet five inches in his army shoes. Hsghes has cussed at red taps all his amy lift aad it is Us odd hick to be made Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's deputy commander in charge of train. . tog. supply, hospitalisation and ( personnel, all bontjeml with red tape. In the battle sens the less at any military property can he blamed an a tans enemy shell; a little oae will do. In j the supply area everything mast I be signed tor, and if the papers | aren't kept there is weeping all the way back to Washington. General Hughes came into the army from South Dakota. Ha left West Point in MM, ratsd his class* most efficient cadet.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
April 8, 1943, edition 1
1
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75