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WRY "THE LEADING \
American
Submarines
By Frank Gervati
? - - - '
(WNU Feature?Through special artengemeet
with Colliers Weekly)
Dozens of American submarine
commanders have made records in
the Pacific. Their roster grows ev
ery day. There are proportionately
more Navy Crosses in the subma
rine service than in any other
branch of the navy, and for this
there are many reasons.
The submarine is an American
weapon, invented and now perfected
by Americans. Our men understand
what the submarine can do, and
they employ it as what it is?an of
fensive weapon of irresistible hitting
power.
Most important of all, however, is
that fact that German U-men are
ordered or "sent" into action in
ships lacking even elementary com
forts and unequipped with any safe
ty devices.
Our men "go." They love the
snbmarines, and spend as much
time telling you how safe they
are?"safest ships afloat"?as
fliers will say in describing the
good qualities of our planes.
Submariners and fliers are the
most weapon-proud men I've
met In this war.
There is evidence of. the subma
riners' contention concerning the
safety of our submarines. Since the
war began, the navy has reported
the loss of only six undersea boats,
including the Argonaut.
Submariners Quiet About Exploits.
Concerning their exploits, how
ever, submariners are invariably
mum, and no matter how well you
might be prepared to contend with a
submariner's economy of words, his
reticence will still surprise you.
A quiet "Very well" is the accus
tomed acknowledgment of all orders,
disasters, communications and mis
sions aboard ship. A torpedoman
might come to the control room with
news that the aft and the forward
torpedo room is flooded, and he
would probably obtain from the skip
per nothing more than a "Very
well."
This reticence, however, as ad
mirable as the submariners' cour
age and ingenuity and calm efficien
cy, has contributed to the neglect
which was the lot of the service
until war came. Hidebound naval
traditionalists with limited imagina
tion couldn't see the submarine as
anything more than an adjunct of
the battleships and cruisers. To
the horse-and-buggy naval strate
gists of yesterday, the submarine
represented merely a scouting and
observation auxiliary weapon which
might, with luck, sometime surprise
and sink an enemy ship.
Our Sub Force December 7,1941.
And on December 7, 1941, we had,
for a major sea power, a third
string submarine force. Theoreti
cally we had 113 submarines, with
73 building and 23 more scheduled
to be constructed. Actually, how
ever, there were substantially less
than 100 submarines in service.
Thirty-five subs were of the S-type
which were found to be unsatisfac
tory and had been withdrawn for re
fitting.
uut or uie total or suomarines
available for duty, roughly only one
third could be spared for action
against the Japanese.
With our declaration of war on
Japan, the picture changed rapidly, 1
although not fast enough to suit our
submariners. In May, 1942, an addi
tional appropriation was made by
congress for the construction of 200,
000 tons of submarines which are
now coming off the ways in yards
on both coasts at a rate surprising
to the layman but still unsatisfac
tory to submarine commanders.
U. S. Sabs Sink 82 Jap Ships.
Even the publishable figures ap
pear to support their point of view.
Up to August of last year, Amesacan
submarines had sunk or damaged
82 of the 219 Japanese ships sunk by
all weapons. This represented 87
per cent of the total. Our subma
rines accounted for 27 per cent of
all enemy warships sunk, and for
60 per cant of all noncombatant ship
ping, sent to the bottom.
The submariners' record Im
proved as more boats entered
service. The navy department
has credited our submarines
with having sank approximately
180 Japanese vessels of all cate
gories.
Written down beside the total num
ber of United Nations ships sunk by
German U-boats, the admitted 180
sunk or crippled by our own subs in
tho Pacific might not seem so star
tling. But every Jap ship sent to
the bottom represents a proportion
ately higher loss than the equiva
lent in American or British tonnage.
Tho reason is simple: The Jape
send supplies to their overseas
troops only when absolutely neces
sary. the Jap so HI era fight on less
food, medicines and other nonmili
tary supplies than their American or
British counterparts.
k
U. S. Army Air Forces
Stab at Aleutian Isles
Making life as miserable as possible for the Jap invaders of
the Aleutians at their Kiska and Attu island bases is the continu
ing task of the Eleventh United States Air Force. Working from
the Andreanof islands, under weather conditions literally the
worst in the world, hazardous missions over Arctic
seas and desolate islands are the routine of these
fliers. These pictures show how one of these mis
sions is undertaken and completed.
Below: Pilott ttream out of alert shack.
?\ ;
e&jis ,
In picture at left,
combat pilots are
shown planning the
route for a Kiska raid.
Below: Lieut. Jqhn
]. Brahan remembers
a close call as he ex
amines a shrapnel
hole in the nose of his
B-24.
?i?gnwm???n * ? m i" m i |
Loading bombt in plane. This it part of the ground erewi con
tribution to the job.
Sgt. Clark E. Hillard of Minturn,
Colo-, cleans up the empty shells
from the bombardier's compart
ment after a raid, beginning the
routine that follows a mission.
Maj. Gen. William O. Butler,
commanding 11th U. S. Air Force,
awards the air medal to Capt. Mor
gan Griffin of San Antonio "some
where in the Andreanofs."
These men are putting ? B-25 to bed by covering the wings. This
precaution is very necessary for protection of the big planes.
Waiting pilots eagerly scan the slues for their returning "buddies." |
?toltuad by VMUni Nfwipjpyr Union.
HOW MUCH FOOD SHOULD
YOU EAT?
You may think that food require
ments were measured in vitamins
but before the discovery of vitamins
the amount and kinds of food that
should be eaten dai
ly were measured in
calories. A calorie is
a measured amount
of heat, that is,
the amount of heat
required to raise
one kilogram of wa
ter (a little over two
pounds) one degree
centigrade (which is
about 2 V4 degrees
Fahrenheit). Thus
the average diet was
made up of one part
Dr. Barton
protein?meat, eggs, fish, two parts
fats?butter, cream, fat meats and
four parts starches?bread, pota
toes, fruits and vegetables. In cal
ories this would mean about 400
of proteins, 800 of fats and 1,600
of vegetables and fruits daily for
average man doing some work
daily. This method of calorie meas
urement is still in use.
In an article on nutrition in the
Journal of the American Medical
Association, Drs. Eugene F. DuBois
and William H. Chambers, New
York city, state:
The amount of heat given oft by
the resting man of average size (at
complete rest and no digestion go
ing on) is about equal to the heat of
a 60-watt electric bulb or the flame
of an alcohol lamp about one inch
high. A man exercising hard equals :
the heat of 10 such lamps. As most |
of us are not at complete rest all j
of the time, nor are we working hard |
all the time, the amount of food!
needed will depend upon how much |
we rest and how hard we work. Thus
one table of the number of calories
needed by various trades is:
Men: Tailor, 2,600; bookbinder,
3,000; shoemaker, 3,100; cabinet
maker, 3,500 to 3,600; stone mason,
4,700 to 5,200; wood sawyer, 5,500
to 6,000. There are other trades
such as moulders or foundrymen,
stokers, molten metal workers and
others where 6,000 calories are need- .
ed daily.
Women: Stenographer or office
worker, 2,000 calories; seamstress
with hand needle, 2,000; seamstress
with machine, 2,100 to 2,300; book
binder, 2,100 to 2,300; household
worker, 2,500 to 3,200; washer-wom
en, 2,900 to 3,700.
? ? ?
Facts About
Acne, Pimples
Although the various methods of ;
treatment help many cases of acne
(pimples), the actual cause of acne
is not fully known. Because it oc
curs at or near the age of puberty,
most physicians believe that acne is
in some way connected with the
changes in the glands which causes
boys and girls to emerge into men
and women.
In the Journal of Clinical Endo
crinology, Dr. Hamilton, Yale medi
cal school, reports results in cases
where he was able to bring on acne
in certain individuals. He found
that giving the hormone or extract
of the male sex gland to boys who
had not reached puberty, some of
them developed blackheads, pim
ples, with and without pus forma
tion. When the treatment with the
sex hormone was stopped, the pim
ples became smaller and disap
peared. When given again, the pim
ples returned.
This does not mean that this
gland extract is the only factor en
tering into the cause of acne as
diet, heredity, and infection may
also be factors. However, despite
other factors, the pimples appeared
only when the sex hormone was giv-:
en. "There seems to be something
in this male hormone substance that
stimulates the sebaceous or oil
glands of the skin."
For this reason, Dr. Hamilton sug
gests that as there is some relation
between the thyroid gland?the mas
ter gland of the body?and the sex
glands, there is logical reason for
the use of desiccated thyroid gland
extract in cases of acne at the time
of puberty. The thyroid extract
checks any excess of oil pouring out
from the oil glands on the skin and
stimulates the skin cells to a more
normal activity. The thyroid ex
tract stimulates all the body proc
esses and therefore the skin. Ex
cellent results have been obtained
by using viosterol by mouth and
also by the use of injections of pitui
tary extract. As with all extracts,
this should be done under supervi
sion of a physician.
? ? ?
QUESTION BOX
Q.?What causes ringing of the
ears?
A.?Ringing of ears may be doe
to (a) partial closing of eustachian
tube, (b) high blood pressure and
(e) too much liquid In ear tissues.
Q.?What causes body odors?
A?Body odors eaa bo due t*
foods eaten, drugs taken, or may
be natural in some individuals. De
odorants containing formaldehyde
or aluminum are in general use.
X-ray Is used in severe eases.
More Egg* Per Hen,
More Milk Per Cow,
More Corn Per Acre
Agricultural Science
Now Fully Mobilized
Science hitched to the plow is one
of the main reasons for America's
astonishing food productivity. Day
by day the department of agricul
ture, in co-operation with state col
leges of agriculture and experiment
stations, is carrying the results of
research into practical application
on the nation's six million farms.
A task force, made up of some
9,000 county agents, home demon
stration agents, 4-H club leaders and
specialists takes the findings of sci
ence to the farmer. Practically ev
ery one of the country's 3,000 agri
cultural counties is served by a
county agent of the agricultural ex
tension service.
Food, food and still more food.
That sums up the Food for Free
dom program in 1943: 8 per
cent more eggs, over 25 biUion
pounds of meat, 122 billion
pounds of milk.
No technique making for more ef
ficient farming, or scientific fact that
Lawrence Boyd, a Lafayette, Ind.,
farmer, devotes considerable of his
acreage to corn. He is shown here
planting it.
will help increase the total food sup
ply, is being overlooked. Even such
a simple practice as giving a cow
drinking water with the chill taken
off of it on a cold winter's day can
help boost milk production. The
practice of milking three times a
day instead of two, if generally fol
lowed and combined with feeding
three times a day, for only a 90-day
period, would increase production
sufficiently to meet 1943 goals. In a
recent feeding test with cows that
had production records of around
9,300 pounds of milk a year, in
creases in the milk output as high
as 23 per cent resulted from feeding
more grain.
Systematic Tool Storage
Very Important on Farm
W. C. Krueger, extension agricul
tural engineer at Rutgers univer
sity, believes that every farm should
have a work space or room espe
cially reserved for repairing and
constructing farm equipment.
At least a corner In some building ]
should be set aside for the systematic
storage of tools, repair parts and sup
plies.
"The storage of new machinery, in- I
creased use of labor-saving devices
to offset the scarcity of farm help
and the inability of local service
men and dealers to take care of all
reconditioning and repair work
makes it highly desirable for every
farm to be as self-sufficient as pos
sible in this respect," the engineer ,
says.
There are enough tools on most
farms to do the ordinary repair jobs
provided all of the tools are system
atically collected, put into good '
shape, arranged, stored, and handy
to use, Krueger points out. A nec
essary item is a solid topped work j
bench 2 to 2V4 feet wide and be
tween S and 10 feet long fitted with
a four-inch or larger machinist vise
and a wood vise or clamp.
The wall space above the bench
is ideal for hanging tools. For a
well-equipped shop these should in
clude twist drills; auger bits; as
sorted sizes of machine, drift and
center punches; a carpenter's ham
mer and both a light and heavy
ball-peen hammer; an assortment of
wood chisels; wrecking and crow
bars; an eight to 12-pound sledge;
anvil or heavy rail section for
forging and straightening; a set of
adjustable socket and pipe wrenches;
a size range of screw drivers, pliers,
plier cutters and pincers; an elec
tric soldering iron or pair of solder
ing bits; a good grinder, preferably
motor driven; flat, triangle and
round files of assorted sizes, togeth
er with oil and emery stones. Block
and tackle for hoists, jacks and pipe
rollers will also be found handy.
Recapping Available
Owners of passenger cars and
commercial vehicles using tires
smaller than 7.50 by 20 will now ba j
able to get casings recapped with
reclaimed rubber camel back with
out applying to local war price and
rationing boards for certificates.
However, recapping of commercial
vehicle tires with truck-type camel
back, which contains a large propor
tion of crude rubber, continues sub
ject to present rationing restric
tions.
mm
^ 1^
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
WITHOUT FARMS, RANCHES,
AMERICA WOULD VANISH
HE WAS a prosperous, well-led
looking individual, beside whom I
sat in the lounge car of a train cross
ing Nebraska. He told me he lived
in New York.
From the car window, we could
see the western Nebraska ranch
homes. "People who live in such
places must be only hall human to
endure such a lile," he said. "For
the sake ol the nation, and especially
in wartime, it is a good thing we
have places like New York to de
pend upon."
"The man who lives in that house
over there," I replied, as I pointed
to a not-too-pretentious ranch house,
"is one ol the kings ol America. He
rules over a lew hundred or a lew
thousand acres. People ol New
York and other cities are but his
subjects. Without him and his kind
your cities would not exist. He sup
plies the foundation upon which not
only the cities, but the nation is
built. He thinks more intelligently
than do 75 per cent ol the people ol
the cities. He represents the culture
ol America. He supplies the food,
that first essential ol both peace and
war. He is intensely patriotic. He
works whatever number ol hours
are required to do the job in order
that you, and your kind, may live.
He, and his kind?people ol the larms
and ranches and those ol the rural
cities and towns through which we
are passing, constitute the most val
uable 50 per cent ol the population
ol our nation. They, not the people
ol the cities, represent the real hu
mans ol America. People ol the
cities, that rancher's subjects, would
do well to emulate his many virtues
and his patriotism."
Ol course I did not convince the
New York gentleman that he and
his kind living in the cities were not
the first and most valuable citizens
ol the nation, but I told him a lew
plain truths, which I hope he may
think about. Without the larms and
ranches, there would be no cities,
and no America.
* * .
ADVANTAGES OF FARM
IN 'RATIONED DAYS'
IN MANY CITIES you go to the
market with the hope ol getting
something for the lamily table. It
is not a question ol selections?it is
a case ol accepting, with thanks,
whatever you can get. In limited
quantities, you can find canned Iruits
and vegetables?about hall the quan
tity the lamily had in pre-rationing
days. In the line ol Iresh vegetables,
you may find one or two varieties,
but more often there is none. In
meats, you may get a sirloin steak
at one time and nothing better than
neck bones another, but frequently
it will be none ol any kind. You do
not ask lor beel or lamb or veal or
pork. You ask only for meat, and
are pleased at your good fortune if
you get any.
now ainerent on tne larm in these
war days. Mother canned the fruits
and vegetables for the family. In
the cellar are rows of peas, toma
toes, com and all the other good
things produced in the garden. In
the bins are potatoes and apples,
and on the fruit shelves are peaches,
cherries, plums, berries and other
fruits, with Jar after jar of mother's
preserves and jellies. In the barn
yard there is always a fat chicken
for the family dinner. There is a
hog from which can come roast pork,
chops, spareribs, bacon and hams,
as well as the makings of sausage.
There is lamb and veal and beef.
You have eggs when you want
them and as many as you want.
You eat butter on your bread, the
kind of butter only mother can
make, and you do not have to be
satisfied with oleomargarine, or per
haps nothing.
That old wood heater and the
kitchen cookstove filled with the
product of the wood lot provide the
degree of heat you enjoy and you
need not shiver with the thermom
eter limited to 60 or 65 degrees.
Under any conditions, there are
many compensations for those living
on the farms, but hard as the war
rationings are for all of us, the farm
families have the best of it in many
ways. They do not have to carefully
count rationing points in order to
determine what they will eat?if
they can get it.
? ? ?
YOU CAN HELP
IT IS REMARKABLE what even
a few square feet of ground can do
in alleviating the food shortage. Last
year four tomato plants in a space
of two by ten feet provided practical
ly all the tomatoes the family need
ed throughout the summer. The
space between the curb and side
walk in front of your home would
provide much of the vegetable sup
ply for the summer.
? ? ?
TWO METHODS
OUR WAR EFFORT might have
been equally successful had we
started with the purpose of maxi
mum production at the lowest pos
sible cost, instead of maximum pro
duction at the highest possible cost
Out of such a program we would
not have had the serious danger of
Inflation; we would not have made
millionaires of labor racketeers; we
would not have ahead the long years
of "sweat and tears," while we.pay
off, during a deflation period, the
terrific debts we contracted.
!;?* iii "o!
ANOTHER I ;
\ A General Quiz |
The Questions
1. The littoral of a country is Mi
what?
3. An army pursuit squadron
usually embraces how many
planes?
3. George Washington belonged
to what political party?
4. What city is known as tha
Russian Pittsburgh?
5. How many pounds of V...?
film are required to send a ton of
letters to our boys at the front?
6. What is the largest single
printing job to date?
7. The longest baseball game by
innings played in the major
leagues lasted how long?
8. How many Minute Men were
killed or wounded at Lexington on
April IS, 1775?
9. Is it true that animals were
ever tried in law courts as if they
were human beings?
10. What are battleships named
after? Cruisers? Destroyers? Sub
marines? Aircraft carriers?
The Answers
1. Coastal region.
2. Twenty-five planes.
3. Federalist.
4. Kharkov.
5. Twenty pounds.
6. Printing the governments
new point-system ration books No.
2?150 million books.
7. Twenty-six innings?Brooklyn
vs. Boston, May 1, 1920.
8. Seventeen (eight killed, nine
wounded).
9. Yes. France was the scene at
most of these affairs in the Middle
ages. There are authentic records
of trials that no writer In fiction
would dare to present.
10. Battleships are named after
states; cruisers after cities; de
stroyers after naval heroes; sub
marines after fish; the new car
riers after famous battles.
The gaily enameled unit insignia
you see on a soldier's lapels and
overseas cap are reproductions of
his regimental shield displayed in
the center of the eagle on his reg
imental flag. It's a part of U. a.
Army tradition. Traditional, too.
is the Army man's preference for
Camel cigarettes. (Based on actual
sales records from service men's
own stores.) It's a gift from the
folks back home, that always
rates cheers. And though there are
Post Office restrictions on pack
ages to overseas Army men, yam
can still send Camels to soldiers
in the U. S., and to men in the
Navy, Marines, and Coast Guard
wherever they are.?Adv.
Gas on Stomach
tag gee. mrrtOBNefa and hMutbarnTfoctanwSo
iraeHbs the feetoet-nettag ndtchw know* *me
?vmptomatic raticf?madidM like thoeeln BoU-?n
labfau. No Imtin. lUIVdni bring* comforth*
fiffy or double tout money beck on xeUau of MS*
SNAPPY FACTS
ABOUT
RUBBER
Chewing gum and robber tire. bar*
?o nothing in ooaunon. They both are
the prod acts oi later-bean og lim
The chicle lelez, bow which chew
ing nun U made, ha ? high ndi
and low robber conJ.nL Rubber l.lex
hae the reeeree chareoterk&cn.
Chick end Catlike robber treee
ere ionrid in moch the mm ereee is
Cenbel America.
hywtholl.i Whw tratelhahwe
be? ondortotoby i-f.?..MI.h
?gbieere fee eieee te a peer.
When lyirrhefW robber hrnen
eyalhiblo In I.rhd.nl ??title..
lQM.ua?r im< MMb fire. ?
?bob tree ere.
A Randan robber-bearing plant te
now being eoooaadnlly grown is the
United Statee. Itn eel? in the
*aaM *? 4mm Mara tfca ?aa2
jjjjjjr a* Mm Mra to impliiil!
^Goodrich]
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