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: The Alamance Gleaner 1 VeL LXIX ' # GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JUNE 24, 1943 No. ? WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Chinese Army Steps Up Anti-Jap Drive; Pantelleria Victory Prepares Way for Allied Sweep of Entire Mediterranean; Farm Implement Output Will Be Doubled (KOITOB'8 NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these eelnmns, they are those af Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) ???????? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ?????i France officially repaid some of Its debt to America when Gen. Henri (Strand (right) Invested United Nations Commander-in-Chief Dwight Eisenhower with the grand cross of the Legion of Honor at a ceremony in Algiers. MEDITERRANEAN: Pantelleria First Step The Allied assault to reduce Italy's island buffer defenses preparatory to mainland operations had contin aed to give the Mediterranean area star billing over other theaters of war. The capture of the island fortress of Pantelleria was significant not only because it was the first effec tive Allied milestone since the Afri can victory, but it consolidated Unit ed Nations' control over east-west shipping in the Mediterranean as well. Moreover, by breaking through Italy's outer wall it paved the way ior a cleanup of the more important islands of Sicily and Sardinia and ior operations on the continent. The steady and methodically vio hnt destruction of Pantelleria's de fenses was regarded as a forerun ner of what other Axis Mediterrane an bases would have to suffer. Day after day Allied bombers had plum aneted disaster on beleaguered Pan telleria while naval units had blast ed its forts with deadly big guns in softening up operations. In the meantime British dis patches crediting Spanish sources raorted that Marshal Erwin Rom ??el was speeding the completion of defenses along the French Mediter ranean coast. These reports set forth that Rommel had beeh named commander of the so-called Mittel meer wall. IMPLEMENTS: Output Doubled Relief for farmers harassed by a shortage of machinery will be forth coming as a result of WPB Chair man Donald M. Nelson's announce ment that the production of farm implements for the year beginning My 1 will be doubled and the en tire "concentration" program im posed on the industry last year will he scrapped. lir. Nelson's announcement said feat allotments of steel and other materials will be sufficient to boost farm equipment production to 80 per cent of the 1940 level, compared with a current rate of 40 per cent and a quota of only 20 per cent that was in effect early this year. Meanwhile farm equipment man Mbcturers were authorized by the War Production board to place or ders, for materials for the new pro gram. ARGENTINA: Axis Radio Curbed Action of the new Argentine gov ernment in cancelling radio facili ties which enabled Axis embassies ?r nationals to transmit code mes sages to their capitals was regarded as a step in the direction of better mg Argentina's relations with its South American neighbors as well as the United States. The government said it took this step in compliance with the resolu tion adopted at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by American foreign minis ters against Axis espionage in Janu ary, 1942. While the order cancelled radio code facilities for all nations, it struck at the Axis powers since they have no cable connections with Argentina, whereas the Allies are linked directly to Argentina by cable. 1 . WHEAT: Crop Prospects Dim Smallest U. S. wheat production since 1936 was indicated by the De partment of Agriculture in its re port on June crop conditions. The department estimated winter wheat output at 501,702,000 bushels and spring wheat at 228,822,000, or a total of 730,524,000 compared with 981,327,000 bushels harvested last year. The crop reporting bureau pointed out that winter wheat has been hurt by drouth in the Great Plains area and by wet weather in the Eastern Belt. Spring wheat, including a con siderable acreage sown where win-, ter wheat was killed, is now favored by generally good moisture, the bu reau reported. A 730,000,000 bushel wheat crop in 1943 would be about the same as the average for the 1932-41 decade which includes the drouth years of the mid '30's. It would, however, be about 150,000,000 bushels below the average of the last five years. COAL: Promise Fulfilled Noted as a man who keeps his promises. Secretary Ickes fulfilled this reputation when he imposed a fine of $1 a day on the 530,000 mine workers who participated in the June 1-5 walkout from government-oper ated pits. Mr. Ickes declared that before the walkout he had told the miners "we tirora tfnin a tn fin a thom if fhou ivont out again." Mr. Ickes acted in his role of fed eral fuel director in accordance with the miners' contracts which provide penalties if a miner fails to work without good reason. Terming Ickes' action as "a brutal application of economic sanctions," John L. Lewis contended that the contract had expired at the time of the work stoppage, and "the United Mine Workers cannot understand how fines can be levied under the provisions of an expired contract." CHINA: More Gains Reported China carried the Allied attack for further impressive gains in the mid dle Yangtze front, supported by strong American air action. The tempo of the newly born of fensive was indicated by a destruc tive air raid on the enemy's rear positions in which the Jap base of Hongay, largest enemy coal-mining and shipping center on the southern Asiatic coast, in Indo-China, was bombed and docks, warehouses, railroad yards and power facilities heavily damaged. On the ground the Chinese army was reported by communiques to have inflicted additional heavy casu alties on Japanese remnants fleeing from Itu, south of the main enemy base of Ichang. Field dispatches likewise disclosed that the Chinese had broken the Jap defense line southwest of Hwajung, their next major objective in the Lake Tun ting area. Trying desperately to hold their few remaining strong points, the Japs attempted counterattacks near Owchihkou, but ran into strong Chi nese resistance. WAR PROFITS: 'Recapture' Scanned Whether the year-old renegotiation law by which the government re captures "excessive war profits" from industry would be retained or eliminated was a matter that would be largely determined by the public hearings which the house naval committee had ordered. As the committee applied close scrutiny into the operations of the law, witnesses representing big and little industry described its effect on war production. Government of ficials credit the contract renego tiation statute with saving the nation thus far in excess of three billion dollars. Decision to undertake the inves tigation came with two measures pending before the house ways and means committee. One was to re peal the statute altogether and the other was to limit its use to con tracts above $500,000 rather than the present $100,000 limitation. RUSSIA: Aerial Prelude Air forays had continued to be the prelude to general 1943 land offen sives on the Russian front as the lull that began with spring thaws still had persisted. From one end of the line to the other reports indicated increasingly vigorous air battles as Nazi and So viet planes fought it out for suprem acy. Activity was reported especial ly pronounced in the Don river val ley and northward in the vicinity of Leningrad. Russian communiques indicated that the vicinity of Rostov had become a cemetery for downed Nazi Heinkel and Junkers planes. The Reds reported likewise that in a German raid on the Volkhov front 60 miles southeast of Leningrad, 24 planes were shot down. Meanwhile the Russians continued their attacks on eastern German air dromes. In one foray the Reds re ported destroying 160 German planes compared to a loss of 26 Rus sian aircraft. ANTI-STRIKE: Penalties Promised As the house had undertaken con sideration of the compromise anti strike bill, its sponsors declared that it would keep war plants and mines running uninterrupted by walkouts "if anything can." Composing differences in bills pre viously passed by both house and senate, the revised measure was aimed particularly at the coal wage dispute. It authorized the govern ment to seize strike-bound mines or plants, outlawed strikes in these facilities and imposed a 30-day "cooling off" period before walkouts could be called in privately operated war industries. Penalties ranging from civil dam age suits to a year's imprisonment and $5,000 fine could be imposed on those who fail to carry out the meas ure's regulations in labor disputes or who instigate or conspire with others to aid a strike in a govern ment-operated plant. RIGHT HAND: Baruch for Byrnes Official and unofficial Washington was cheered by the news that James F. Byrnes, war mobilization J : A U.J J fl.J T"? I T uueuLur, iidu araueu Dti n a I u u. Baruch to serve as his right-hand man. Mr. Baruch, chairman of the War Industries board in the first World war and long an informal consultant of President Roosevelt, will serve Mr. Byrnes in an advisory capacity and will have a "more formal con nection with the government" than when he headed the President's spe cial rubber-investigating committee. The key role which Baruch's mo bilization of national resources played in winning the last war, plus his respect and popularity among members of congress were cited by observers as reasons for his choice by Mr. Byrnes. The fact that the two will be working together was viewed as a harbinger of closer co operation between the government's legislative and executive branches and more thorough-going efficiency in the home front effort. FOOD: U. S. to Ship 25% At least 25 per cent of American food production this year will have to be shipped abroad, Roy P. Hen drickson, food distribution director of the War Food administration, dis closed, adding that the proportion may have to be still greater. Hendrickson told the war council of the American Retail federation that "as we move into Italy and Greece, France, Norway and the rest of Europe we must give those half-starved people the strength to be actively on our side." The food distribution chief de clared that the personnel of Amer ica's military forces eats an aver age of about 51k pounds of food daily, whereas civilians sverage be tween three and four pounds. The Indian of Today, Like His Forefathers, Proves He's 'First-Class Fighting Man' ' ? More Than 11,000 Red Men, Most of Them Volunteers, Are Fighting for Their Native Land as Soldiers, Sailors and Marines. By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Released by Western Newspaper Union. THE recent announcement by the War Department that Ma]. Clarence L. Tinker Jr. of the United States army air force was missing in action in North Africa was a tragic coincidence, in that just a year ago the War Department announced that his father, Maj. Gen. Clarence L. Tinker, commander of the army air forces in Hawaii, was missing in action. He had led a flight of army bombers to attack the Japanese fleet east of Wake island and he was killed in the Battle of Mid-* way. Interesting, too, is the fact that the Tinkers, father and son, were North American In dians and, at the time of his death, General Tinker was called "the greatest Indian fighter in the present war." But although they are outstanding examples of the "fighting red man," modern version, they are only two of an estimated 11,000 Indians in the armed forces of the United States and most of them didn't wait to be drafted for service but enlisted volun tarily. Taken by itself, that number does not seem large. But in proportion to the total number of "native Americans" in the United States to day, it is a more imposing record. If an equal proportion of white men had likewise voluntarily enlisted we would have an army of nearly four million volunteers in addition to the millions who are in the army through selective service. Incidentally, an interesting situa tion in regard to the enrollment of Indians in Uncle Sam's service arose soon after the Selective Service act of 1940 was passed. Into federal court in New York city one autumn day in 1941 marched five brilliantly dressed Indians to watch a white man fight for their rights according to the white man's rules. They were descendants of the warriors who, away back in 1784, made a treaty with the United States by which the young and struggling fed eral government recognized the Iro quois Ihdian Confederacy as a sov ereign and independent nation. 'Independent, Unconquered Nation.' They had come into court to main tain by legal means their identity as members of that confederacy which, as "an independent, unconquered na tion," was subject only to its own lawmakers and not to the congress of the United States. On the rec ords of the court the case appears as a writ of habeas corpus for one Warren Eldreth Green, a 21-year old Onondaga Indian, who had been drafted into military service the pre vious May. Young Green had no particular objection to entering the army?as a matter of fact a num ber of his fellow-tribesmen had al ready voluntarily enlisted?but he was being used as a test case to challenge the right of the United States government to conscript the young men of an "independent, un conquered nation." White counsel for the Indians ar gued that the Iroquois Confederacy had been treated as a foreign na tion until 1924 when a law was passed conferring United States cit izenship on Indians. No such law, he contended, could apply to mem bers of the Six Nations without their consent. On this premise he argued that the law was unconstitutional and therefore members of the Onon daga, Cayuga,' Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida and Tuscarora tribes could not be numbered among the "citi zens" who might be drafted under the Selective Service act. The case was taken under advise ment by the judges who heard the arguments. That was late in Octo ber, 1941. Then came Pearl Har bor. After that fateful day, nothing more was heard of the case. The tribesmen of the Six Nations may have regarded themselves as mem bers of an "independent, uncon quered nation" living within the United States but they were Amer icans first, as well as "First Amer icans." In that respect they were like the majority of the red men who had not waited for Pearl Harbor to join np to fight for their eon try. Even before the Japs' at tack on Hawaii it was estimated that one oat of every ten eligible Indians between the ages of 21 and 25 were already serving in the armed forces. Descendants of Noted Chiefs. Among them were descendants of many a famous Indian leader whose name has come down in history be cause he was a patriot who rallied his warriors to defend their lands against the encroachments of the white men. One of the greatest of these was Tecumseh of the Shaw KIUTUSTECUMSEH nees, who tried to organize ? cn federacy of all the Indian tribe in the Ohio valley in the early '800s but whose plana were upset when his brother, the Prophet, launched his surprise attack upon the soldiers of Gen. William Henry Harrison and was badly defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. One of the first of the "fighting red men" of today who attempted to enlist in Uncle Sam's armed forces was Kiutus Tecumseh, a de scendant of the great Shawnee lead er. He was rejected for military service, however, because he was partially disabled by wounds he re ceived while serving aboard a navy sub chaser during World War I. There was a time when the name of Geronimo was a name of hatred and terror in the great Southwest, for this Apache leader blazed a trail of death and destruction through New Mexico and Arizona. Run to earth at last in 1886 by soldiers un der the command of Gen. Nelson A. Miles, the "Apache Devil" was held as a prisoner of war in Florida, Alabama and finally at Fort Sill, Okla., until his death in 1911. Thirty years later, Homer Yahnozha, a Mescalero Apache and a direct de scendant of Geronifno, was one of the heroes who fought at Bataan and Corregidor. Out in Nevada a county and a city perpetuate the name and fame of Winnemucca, great chief of the Piutes, who in his day was a "first class fighting man." Today that fighting tradition is carried on by his great-great-grandson, Stanley Win nemucca, who is a "Fighting Ma rine." Although mors Indians have gone into the army than into the marines or the navy, there is at least one who holds high rank in our sea forces. He is Francis J. Mee, a Chippewa, bom in Detroit Lakes, Minn., a commander in the navy. The 'Model American Soldier.' If the Indians in World War H follow the precedent of thoee who fought In world War I, then soma of our greateet heroes at the pree MAJOR GENERAL CLARENCE L. TINKER ent conflict may be copper-skinned soldiers, sailors or marines. For more than 17,000 Indians heard the call to arms in 1917 and among them was Odis N. Leader, a Choc taw, who was foreman of a cattle ranch in Oklahoma. It is an ironical fact that, soon after we declared war on Germany, this "First Amer ican" was the victim of rumors that he was a German spy! To prove his loyalty, he gave up his business and enlisted. He saw action at Can tigny, at Soissons, at St. Mihiel and i in the Argonne. He was twice wounded and gassed and when the French government sought a "mod el American soldier," of whom an oil painting was to be made to hang on the walls of the French federal building, where types of all the Al lied races were to be represented, Sergt. Odis N. Leader was chosen for that honor! Other Indians who received the Croix de Guerre included Sergt. James M. Gordon, a Chippewa, who braved shell fire to rescue a wound ed French officer; Chester Arm strong Fourbear, a Sioux, cited for his bravery as a messenger at Belli court; John M. Harper, a Ute; Mar ty Beaver, a Creek; Bert Hayman, a Seneca-Modoc; Gus Gertiez, a Pueblo bugler; Joseph Oglohombi, a Choctaw; and Corp. Nicholas E. Brown, another Choctaw, who was killed in action and received the award posthumously. winners ol UM_ ana Croix de Guerre Among those who received the Distinguished Service Cross of their own United States, as well as the Croix de Guerre of France, were Joe Schenderleon, a Crow and Na Hiv-A-Ta, a Hopi; and Thomas D. Saunders, a scion of the most for midable fighters the United States army ever encountered in the days of the old frontier?the Cheyennes. Here is his record, as given in Gen eral Orders of the Second division: "Corporal Thomas D. Saunders. Company A, Second engineers, while a member of the first wire cutting platoon, made his way forward in advance of the unit until he was in line with and in company with Pri vate Wilkerson, Company B, Second engineers, were the first soldiers to enter Jaulny, then infested with snipers, and swept with wicked ma chine gunfire, being occupied by rearguard detachments of the en emy. They alone captured 63 Ger man prisoners after searching the caves of a hospital with persistence and courage. This at Jaulny. France, on September 13, 1918. "Corporal Thomas D. Saunders. Company A, Second engineers: at St. Etienne-a-Armes, on October 8, 1918, he bravely conducted a patrol under heavy fire. During the night, he made a reconnaissance close to the enemy, of the position which his section was to occupy in the front, and returning, conducted it to that position." SOT. ODD N. LEADED Who's News ] This Week Br Delos Wheeler LoreUcs ConaolldaUd Feature*.?WKU NEW YORK?Maj. Gen. Eugene M. Landrum, who snatched (lie island of Attu back from the Jape, is exactly the type of man you could Here Definitely We ^rfSrSt Have a Man Not of ing a hard Style bat of Action that away from a wily foe. Short, stocky, and firm jawed, he radiates pugnacity and courage. Those who favor the fashion plate genus in their military men would never glenre twice at him. If they met him in civies on the street of a small town they would pick him out as the hard working village doctor, especially if he were carrying his battered (Bad stone bag and had his weO-caked black pipe clamped between his teeth. He is 52. General Ludraa is a man whs gst Is the top the hard way. Back in 1111 he tnti ted the army as a private in the soaat artillery. By the time the end ed States entered Wsrld War I he was wearing the stiver haraf den. Twe months later he had become a captain, b the yean fsilawiag toe Armistice hs kept ahead. He was sat Iks tM at oHcer to wato flto tnHiii. esytetollT ta|?to?toWHi |w sad they ?n?in to kto. b War ceOege to 19* atotoTto - - - * ? a. I _ - ?| - ? CCCIVU ?? CVMKK/* General Landrtzm is a native to Florida and be calls Pi nicrnf a bis home town. Mrs. Landram, how ever, is now in California, lake many another wife to an army so naval officer she likes to look at the same ocean her husband does. ? IF IT had not been far the tote Kaiser, William E. Lynd might still be practicing law in Idaho to stead of being, at 49, a brigadier general to Attorney Becomes army air Warrior to Make corps. He Se rb e Lmwe Stick ed out as as attorney, in fact after earning bis degree at the University to Washing ton- Then he took on military train ing as a sideline with the Idaho Na tional Guard. In 1916 he went to the Mexican border in the fracas that served as a curtain raiser to the first World war. He had hardy settled back at his law books be fore the real show started. On March 77, 1917. he was called back to the colors and eight days later was commissioned a second beo ?ena.it of infantry. Christmas eve, 1917, is ant he will always remember, far Ms ?wtlt sailed far France Jato as St. Nick hitched ay Ms rein deer. Overseas ha was l a hi had to tha air service u n ah server aad he haiBy reached the treat to a ybaa to 4ageat A few days later hawma tha earned' to'aa' air battle with the German. Like many another veteran at the AEF, Lynd found civilian life dnD and in 1910 he rejoined the army, this time for food. He has an other air medal now. He won the second award for a spectacular re connaissance flight out over the Pa cific in the first year at the present war. lfore recently he eras at Attn, and the other day he visited the White House to tell President Boone velt what his fliers had dene to lick the Japs there. ?? WHEN the censors finally re leased the news that Artemua L. Gates, assistant secretary at the navy for air, had been an a tour Catting to Zona of oific^* flght Battlm It Second ing front, Nat art to Gates his-longtime mends said in unison, "We might have known it" In World War I his experiences were like something out of fiction. When the war clouds lowered over the United States IS years ago. Gates was in his junior year at Yale. He had just been made captain elect of the football team, an honor earned at tackle for two seasons. By April, however, he had aban doned his cap and gown for a naval ' uniform. In the summer d 1111 ki M had a fling at flying and II dM not take him leag Is get Ma naval a via Han, than ga la Ms la Franco mad lag befsra On Armistice ha was ismmandhg the P. 8. naval air stsIM at
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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June 24, 1943, edition 1
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