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The Alamance Gleaner ! ' ' | " - VoL LXIX ? ? GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JULY 15, 1943 * No. 23 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Entire Pacific War Strategy Changed By Latest Allied Attacks in Solomons; RAF and U, S. Air Force Rock Europe With New Series of Non-Stop Bombings (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) ?- Released by Western Newspaper Union. ?J - Troops in MaJ. Gen. Sanderford Jarman's anti-aircraft artillery com mand receive alert warning of approaching planes in practice drill and are about to release barrage baboon. Besides forcing enemy planes to Ugh altitudes thereby affecting bombing efficiency, barrage balloons' cables are strong enough to destroy any craft striking them. MacARTHUR ATTACKS: Advance in Pacific Under cover of bursting shells and strong aerial formations, American forces in the South Pacific strength ened their hold on the Solomon is lands and opened up another front against the Japanese in New Guinea. Protected by big guns of the navy and a protective canopy thrown across the skies by fighter planes, U. S. troops scored a surprise land ing on Rendova and New Georgia islands in the Solomons, and soon were shelling the big Jap air base on Munda. To the west, American units swarmed ashore on the Huon gulf of New Guinea, and soon were ad vancing toward the important Japa nese position at Salamaua, already menaced by an Allied force which had hacked its way through the jun gle to within 12 miles of the outpost. Between these two theaters of op oration, American forces occupied the Woodlark and Trobriand islands without opposition. More than 100 Japanese planes were shot down resisting the Amer ican landings. Our own losses were 17, along with a 7,000 ton transport and several other ships damaged in the dangerous reedy waters of the Solomons. FOOD SUBSIDIES: Rnnnj>d hv C.nntrresx The administration's plans for the use of subsidies to "roll back" retail food prices were strongly jolted by congressional action in passing the Commodity Credit corporation bill outlawing such payment except as incentives to producers. As a re sult, the "rollbacks" recently in stituted on meat and butter would be wiped out, with payments only being made on previous commit ments. In passing the bill, congress acted in opposition to administration sup port of the subsidy program. Prior to passage, the War Labor board came out for "rollbacks" to offset the increasing cost of living, which threaten its policy of limiting wage boosts to 15 per cent over January, 1941. In passing the bill which extends the life of the CCC for two more years and adds 750 million dollars to its lending authority, congress permitted payment of 150 million dollars for subsidizing increased transportation costs and the produc tion of critical minerals and food. CHINA: Press Japs Back See-saw warfare in China contin ued, with Chinese forces recapturing a large section of Owchihkow on the Yangtze river, thus driving the Japa nese further out of the great rice bowl which they had threatened to overrun. Assisting the Chinese in their suc cessful counterattack was the Amer ican air force, which has been estab lished in the southeast of China. Un der leadership of Gen. Claire Chen nault, the Yanks have been concen trating on Japanese locomotives, freight trains and other heavy equip ment which the enemy finds most difficult to replace. Japanese attacks near Shanghai and Swatow were also checked, with Chinese troops regaining several im portant points at Swatow, once fa mous treaty port on the Kwangtung . coast. EUROPE: Clearing a Path Europe rocked from all sides as British and American air squadrons continued pounding vital Axis in dustries, installations and air dromes. Nowhere did the Axis find rest. British bombers flew into Germany's Ruhr to strike at the already badly battered industrial centers, and even while the blockbusters and incendi aries plummeted roofward, the Nazis Munitions Minister Walter Speers complained that Axis work men were compelled to labor in the open in many places. In the Mediterranean American Flying Fortresses, accompanied by Lightning fighters, struck at air fields in Sicily, apparently striving to cripple bases from which Axis craft could oppose Allied landing expedi tions. Off to the east>An)erican bomb ers began lambasting Axis air dromes and installations in Greece, along the route an Allied army might take to invade the Balkans. In anticipating a major Allied drive in this direction, the Axis reported fortification of mountain passes along the whole rugged Grecian coast. HOGS: 171 1 1/ - f - r 100a mantel With principal markets flooded with heavy receipts, prices on hogs dropped and government and indus try representatives appealed to farmers to restrict shipments. Although the government had promised to support prices for 240 to 270 pound pigs at $13.75, hogs of this weight brought less as a re sult of the large receipts. It was explained packers lacked the labor to handle such huge supplies. Prices for hogs over the 270 pound weight sagged as the government made no commitment to prop re turns at the $13.75 mark. The action was seen as a move to induce farm ers to market pigs .at lighter weights to relieve the critical corn situation, which continued to plague processors and manufacturers, who said they would be compelled to seriously restrict operations unless further grain was forthcoming. GAS: Tight Pinch Completion of the big oil pipe line in the Middlewest and declining petroleum production in California might well spell a tightening of gaso line supplies in those sections within the near future, Secretary of the In terior Harold Ickes declared. At the same time, Ickes could see no relief in the gasoline situation in the East. In all cases, Ickes said, the serv ices' huge consumption of petroleum is digging deeply into the nation's supply. Ickes cited Lieut. Gen. Somervell's estimate that military demands now approximate 1,000,000 barrels a day, exclusive of gasoline and lubricating products, while American refining capacity stands at 3,850,000 barrels. Completion of the big pipe line in the Middlewest, Ickes said, will free many tank cars for haulage of oil from the area east of the Mis sissippi. However, Ickes pointed out, it is this area which is suffering from a decline to production, and further diversion of its supplies nec essarily will result in a further pinch' in civilian consumption there. WALLACE VS. JONES: Renew Feud War Mobilization Director James F. Byrnes' efforts to patch up the feud between Vice President Henry Wallace and Secretary of Commerce Jesse Jones apparently had come to naught as the two ripped into each other once more. Cause of thfe controversy was Wal lace's charge that Jones, as Recon struction Finance chairman, had been niggardly and slow in advanc ing funds to Wallace's Board of Eco nomic Warfare for the purchase and development of strategic material abroad. Jones struck back by stat ing that the BEW initiated only t per cent of the government's pur chases. Wallace started the ball rolling again by stating that the two dis putants had agreed to have the BEW warfare ask congress for separate funds to continue operations. Then he repeated his charges that Jones' agency had been slow to act on BEW projects. Flaring up, Jones called Wal lace's statement "dastardly," and repeated his demands for a congres- 1 sional investigation of the BEW. I . BLOOD PLASMA The latest miracle of transfusion ?plasma?has been described as the No. 1 agent in saving the lives of our American soldiers. Plasma is the liquid element in the blood in which the red and white cells float. By adding salt of so dium citrate to fresh blood, the blood remains unclotted and is al lowed to stand for two or three days, during which the cells settle and the plasma then is poured off. Formerly, it was necessary to "type" blood since it was discov ered in 1900 that substances in cer tain bloods destroyed red corpus cles in other kinds. Plasma, how ever, removes these substances and makes use of the fluid general. Dried or frozen, plasma can keep for weeks or months. It can be shipped to any part of the world and used. Through the agency of the American Red Cross, blood do nors throughout the country are making plasma possible. MINERS: 'Return,' Ickes Pleads Despite the plea of Secretary of Interior Harold Ickes to return to work, about 150,000 miners remained idle. Most seriously affected were the steel companies' coal fields in Pennsylvania. Declaring the miners' wage de mands were among many received in Washington, Ickes said it was necessary for particular groups to submerge their personal considera tions for the general welfare. He then asked the miners to return to the pits "on the eve oI the greatest military operation in history." More than 400,000 other miners were back at their jobs following their union's decision to return to work only if the government main tained control of the mines. Al though granted a wage concession amounting to 20 cents a day, it was expected that the miners might press efforts to obtain compensation for travel to and from their working stations. ARMY: Arms Program Cut Emphasis of war production on aircraft, cargo ships and navy com bat vessels has resulted in a reduc tion of the army ground supply pro gram and delayed full equipment oi its forces until 1944, Lieut. Gen. Brehon Somervell declared. Because of the production drop, Somervell said, the army has been compelled to ship equipment in camps to the lighting front. Not only does this affect the training of troops, he remarked, but it also tends to lower morale. Somervell said U. S. and British military chiefs had planned opera tions for 1943 predicated on a 95 bil lion dollar production program. But the War Production board stated the industrial output of this country could only approximate 75 billion dollars. CHURCHILL: Must Co-operate The United States and Great Brit ain must continue to co-operate in peace as well as in war to assure their security. Prime Minister Wins ton Churchill declared in a speech in which he also predicted heavy fighting "before the leaves of au tumn fall." Stating that Great Britain sought no profit nor desired any aggran dizement from the war, Churchill added that it would accept no com promise. Rejoicing that May was the best month for the Allies in the U-boat warfare, Churchill revealed that 30 German submarines had been sunk in that month and new ships were being built at a rate of seven to every single loss. Will a Trial of the 'War Criminals' Be Aftermath of 'Unconditional Surrender? i They Didn't 'Hang Kaiser' In 1918, but Will Adolf Be as Lucky? By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Released by Western Newspaper Union. "T TNCONDITIONAL sur I) render" Is the watch word of the Allies and, after that has been brought about, the Axis leaders who plunged the world into war will be placed upon trial for the crimes against humanity which they and their followers have committed. Such is the promise of Presi dent Roosevelt and Prime Min ister Churchill and it is not like ly that there will be any objec tion to that program from Jo seph Stalin and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Certainly if viic ycvjpic ui i uianu, riauvc, Belgium, Holland, Norway, Denmark, Greece and Czecho slovakia have anything to say about it, Hitler, Mussolini, Hiro hito and tfteir fellow interna tional gangsters will not escape punishment as did Kaiser Wil helm a quarter of a century ago. Back in 1917-18 "hang the kaiser" was a popular slogan in the Allied countries even after the German monarch had abdicated and found refuge in Holland. That slogan helped continue Prime Minister Lloyd .George in power in the British elections of November, 1918, and that the promise in it might be made good was indicated by Article 227 of the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed a few months later. The article said: The Allied and Associated Powers publicly arraign Wil helm II of Hohenzollern, former ly German emperor, for su preme offenses against interna tional morality and the sanctity of treaties. The Allied and Associated Powers will address a request to the government of the Netherlands for the surren der to them of the ex-emperor In order that he may be pot on trial. Accordingly it was proposed that a tribunal, consisting of five judges, one each from the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan, should be organized to serve as a court of justice for the arch criminal, and in January, 1920, a formal demand was made upon Hol land for his surrender. But imme diately the plan struck a snag. For the Dutch government announced that it was not a signatory to the Versailles treaty, therefore not bound by its terms and, moreover, its national honor forbade the sur render of the royal refugee. Expressing the fear that the kai ser might flee from Holland, the Allied governments repeated their demand. But Queen Wilhelmina and her ministers announced that this fear was groundless since by royal decree the kaiser would be restrict ed to a certain section of Utrecht and forbidden to leave it. Warning the Dutch government that "the re sponsibility is now that of the Neth erlands," the Allies left the matter there and so the Prussian war-lord retired to his wood-chopping at Doom where he lived to see an Austrian house-painter revive his old dream of world-domination and Ger man aggression plunge the world into another holocaust. The kaiser, however, was not the Napoleon at St. Helena Vod Hindenburg and Von Lodendorf?Their names headed the list ot German "war criminals" of 1914-18. only German leader whom the vic torious Allies had marked lor pun ishment. Another article in the Ver sailles treaty stipulated that "the German government recognizes the right of the Allied powers to bring before military tribunals persons ac cused of having committed acts in violation of the laws and customs of war . . . The German govern ment shall hand over to the Allied powers all persons accused of such offenses." A list of 900 names, which in cluded almost all of the military and political leaders of Germany during the war, was prepared in accord ance with this article. The publica tion of this list, which was headed by the names of Field Marshal Von Hindenburg and General Ludendorf, stirred up a violent protest among the people of Germany and the new rulers of that country pleaded with the Allies not to force them to hand over these war criminals, declaring KAISER WILHELM II that it would mean the overthrow of the government and the resultant chaos. Farcical Trials. In response to this plea, the Allied governments cut the list down to 45 persons and permitted the Germans to conduct the trials. The result was a foregone conclusion. The Germans stalled as long as possible on the matter and it was not until three years after the war ended that a court in Leipzig went through the motions of staging a trial. All of the war criminals were freed either because their "innocence was proved" or because "fheir misdeeds were not covered by German law." By this time the Allies were no longer allied and public sentiment among their peoples was largely in different to the idea of retribution. As a climax to the whole farcical affair, the outstanding "war crim inal," Von Hindenburg, was elected president of the republic of Germany and the weakness of this hard-bitten old warrior as the head of a civil government paved the way for the rise of Adolf Schickelgruber. So the "war criminals" section of the Versailles treaty remained as the only dead letter in it until this same Schickelgruber made the others dead letter also by tearing up the whole treaty and hurling it in the faces of Germany's conquerors. Will the "war criminals" of 1939 "get away with it" the same way that those of 1914 did? Will Schick elgruber emulate the kaiser and find sanctuary in some "neutral" coun try? The list of such possible havens is small Indeed?Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, Spain and Turkey?and it is doubtful if any of these would welcome the arch-crim all history. The present Fas cist-minded government of Argen tina mi^ht?if he could get across the Atlantic, either by U-boat or air plane. But that is a remote possi bility, so it looks as though the Aus trian house-painter has little chance of living to a ripe?if dishonored ?old age in exile. Perhaps, like Napoleon, he would exclaim "I prefer death." That was what the French dictator said when told that the British*government was sending him to the barren rock of St. Helena. After his defeat at Wa terloo, he surrendered to the captain of the British man-o'-war, Bellero phon, and threw himself upon the mercy of the prince regent, who lat er became King George IV. Napo leon believed that he would be al lowed to settle down in some com fortable little place in England and great was his dismay and indigna tion when he learned that his cap tors had other plans for him. A Dictator in Exile. It was then that he declared his preference for death and it is said mai jjpra Liverpool, tne tsritisn prime minister, was quite willing to accommodate him, just as mil lions today would be glad to accom modate Adolf Schickelgruber if he expressed a preference for death to exile or imprisonment. However, delegates from Great Britain, Rus sia, Austria and Prussia who formed the "Convention of Paris" in 1815 to pass upon Napoleon's war guilt over ruled the wish of the British prime minister and the exile to St. Helena was the result. On that cheerless little island in the South Atlantic, he spent the next six years as a mili tary prisoner with the rank of a Brit ish general "out of employment." Under instructions from the British government, he was treated as Geh. Napoleon Bonaparte, not as the em peror of Frgnce?a fact that was particularly galling to the ego of a man who had dreamed of world conquest. One of the horrors of civil war is the bitterness of feeling between citizens of tKe same country which frequently transcends the bitterness the people of one nation feel toward "foreigners" with whom they are at war. During the Revolution many Patriots had a greater hatred for their former friends and neighbors, who were Loyalists, or Tories, than they had for the British soldiers or the Hessian mercenaries. Similarly four years of war which began in 1861 engendered animosities that were to linger for generations. If many Southerners hated "that ape in the White House," there were an equal large number of North erners whose fa vorite song was a promise to "hang Jeff Davis to a sour apple tree." For the North, which could ad mire the military genius of a Lee or a "Stonewall" Jacksonr appar ently could not Jenerson uavis concede that "that archtraitor," Jefferson Davis, had a single admirable trait. So their wrath for all "rebels" was concen trated on the head of the president of the Confederacy. After Lee's surrender Davis, with members of his cabinet, fled south and he was captured in Georgia. He was imprisoned in Fortress Monroe and subjected to unnecessary indig nities through the influence of cer tain revengeful members of the radical wing of the Republican party who were determined to bring him to trial for his "war guilt." Finally, after two years, Davis was released, with Horace Greeley and other Northerners, who had been his bit terest enemies during the war, pro viding his bail bond. His health broken by his prison experience and the public outcry for revenge having died down, no further effort was made to prosecute him. Who's News This Week i * Delos Wheeler Lovelace I Consolidated Faaturea.?WNU Release, i XT EW YORK.?A quickie poll J 1 maybe all wrong, indicate! that radio cowboys scribble most of this nation's regional ballads. Of course,1 Mexican Legate /a f^ip y ''m A Ballader of Note, Chicago Soldier and Doctor hillbillies and any Bronx troubadour able to tear a minor chord from a glittering guitar and sing through the nose at the same time. In Mexico such compositions are written by artists of more statnre. Some hare been dene, to wide and lengthy applause, by that country's ambassador to I Washington. ? " The Mexicans call them corridas. Dr. Francisco Castillo Najera con cedes, however, that they are usual ly about kidnapings, floods, untime ly deaths and blighted love. And what else do the static cow-pokes wail about? Not that Castillo Najera walls. X former Honorary President of the Association of Mexican artists, bo is highfalutin'. "My idea has been more or less to stylize the corrido," is the way this diplomat explains the situation. If the ambassador haaa't stjlixed lately the omission is * understandable. He has had lend-lease to ferry ever the Rie Grande del Norte and a slather ef other interests. He is a sur geon, a public health expert and an army officer vhe smrrired heavy shooting to rise from ma jor to major geaeraL And he is a widely saluted prose writer, . a Latinist and an expert in the Chinese language. (Maybe he is Mexico's answer to John Kieran.) The ambassador picked up Chi nese on his first diplomatic job 20 years ago. Later he served in France, Sweden, Belgium and fallen Austria. Rewards he has received from hie government and others include enough decoratiooa to cover him from chin to brisket The Najera family hails from an cient Durango and the ambassador grew up there, with nine brothers and sisters. A favorite uncle, a doctor, influenced him to study medicine. He is a big man now, with a shock of white hair, who climbs any old way into clothes that cost so much they deserve a valet's tender care. For the sake of his sensitive in nards he smokes a specially treated tobacco, and uses a cigarette bolder longer than any you'U see at the White House. For the sake of hia figure he is still grim about setting up exercises. He doesn't rise for these until eight o'clock in the morn ing; but, on the other hand, he doesn't sit down to dinner until after eight in the evening. Dinner is apt to be an event. He is a famed host, conversetionalist and connoisseur of beer as well as a pretty good cook. After dinner he likes slam-bang bridge. Madame Ambassador is a * painter in her awn right, hot busy now as president at the Latin-American Ihrishs af tha Red Cross In Washington. Them are four children. One sen in Interning; one is studying oro tic. and the other one is n miH . tary cadet. Their daughter is married. Whether the ambassador com posed a corrido for her is not on record. But why not? ? AT NEW YORK'S own City Cot ** lege heavy-set Dr. John Hast ings is sometimes the senior class' pick for "most brilliant professor." Prof 7*0/(0 Airmen ? ^ Weather 1$ Tojo'i point to his Mom Helpful AUy Fortresses will have no picnic plant ing their huge block-busters around Japan. The weather there, says the ' professor, backing sp the view of the chief of the United States weather bnreaa that weather Is - war's most Important factor, will be on Tojo'i side. Japan * has iota of rain,.lota of clouds r on almost any day yon may f wish to pick. The professor should know. Ho | has charted rainfall and related items the world over. Climate | Is a favorite topic of his when I ho teaches economic, anthrepe . logical and an the other kinds af . geography at City College.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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July 15, 1943, edition 1
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