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The Alamance Gleaner VoL LXIX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1943 No. 30 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Allied Military Representatives Plan Over-All Strategy for Defeat of Axis; Red Troops Close on Nazi Strongholds; October Draft Quota to Include Dads (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinlena are expressed la these eelnmns, they are these ef Western Newspaper Unlea's news analysts and net necessarily ef this newspaper.) ? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ???J With the historic Chateau Frontenac in the background, English American political and military leaders meet for memorable conference. Seated from left to right are Prfcne Minister MacKenxie King of Canada; President Roosevelt, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of England. Standing from left to right, Gen. H. H. Arnold, Sir Charles Portal, Sir Allan Brooke, Adm. Ernest King, Sir John Dili, Gen. George Marshall, Adm. Sir Dudley Pound, and Adm. William Leahy. MEDITERRANEAN: Zero Hour q| The zero hour for Italy arrived. Across the Mediterranean, Allied transports massed in North African ports. Axis planes flying in to bomb the shipping were met by walls of steel anti-aircraft Are and scores of flghter planes. Plowing along the Italian shore line, Allied cruisers and destroy ers Doured heaw shells into impor tant railroad junc tions and power stations. Over head, all kinds of bombers ? fight er, medium and heavy ? dropped high explosives on Axis troops mov ing along open roads and through mountain passes. As Allied artil Gem. Dwight Eisenhower lery pumped shells mto Italy from Sicily, Gen. Dwight Eisenhower counted 167,000 Axis casualties in the 30-day campaign which won the island. Our own losses were placed at 25,000. Peace and the Sword Assault of Hitler's European for tress and policies for dealing with re-occupied countries?upon these momentous questions turned the sixth conference between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Chur chill in Quebec. Formulating the military grand strategy were approximately 350 army and navy officials from the U. S., Great Britain and Canada. Over their maps they planned, first, the invasion of Europe, then, the conquest of Japan. Joining Roosevelt and Churchill were their foreign secretaries, Cor dell Hull and Anthony Eden. With them, the two Allied leaders dis cussed the measures to be taken in restoring order in re-occupied na tions, and the policies to be pursued *to meet Russia's territorial claims and demand for participation in the rehabilitation of Europe. RUSSIA: Push Nazis Back Russian troops. closing in on the charred ruins of what was once the mighty industrial city of Kharkov, found their advance delayed by strong German counter-attacks. But as lighting raged at the gates of the farmer "Pittsburgh" of the Ukraine, other Red forces worked their way northwest to seal off the last rail toad running out of the embattled city Farther to the south, the Nazis claimed the Russians threw in tanks to re-enforce 150,000 Red troops hammering along the big bend of the Donets river. This would indicate the Russians concentrated their strik ing power along the whole Ukrain ian front, where the Germans have . been making a alow retreat with the Reds pressing forward in the teeth of intensive defensive artillery, mortar and machine gun fire. The Russians claim the Nazis have 211 divisions, approximating 3,000, 000 men, on the eastern front, with M divisions in reserve in Poland. WORK-STOPPAGE: Strikers, Plants Hit Cancellation of draft deferments and suspension of a striker's privi lege for other employment were au thorized by President Roosevelt for refusal to comply with orders issued by the War Labor board for settle ment of industrial disputes. Mr. Roosevelt also recommended that war contracts, priorities, fuel or transportation be withheld from companies failing to observe the WLB directives. Other penalties for non-compliance authorized by Mr. Roosevelt include government seizure of plants in ex treme cases, and withholding of dues and cancellation of other union bene fits until conformance with the WLB orders. Office of Economic Stabilization Director Fred Vinson was charged with imposition of the penalties. Of 1,000 cases settled by WLB, there have been only seven instances of non-compliance. Miners on Trial Thirty miners who appealed for dismissal of indictments against them for conspiring to conduct a strike in government held pits on the pounds that the Smith-ConnaUy anti-strike law was unconstitutional, were denied their motion and or dered to trial by Federal Judge F. P. Schoonmaker in Pittsburgh. Judge Schoonmaker answered the miners' contentions that the law vio lated the constitutional provisions for freedom of speech and against involuntary servitude, by declaring that the government's war powers were unlimited. To the miners' charge that the law would prevent them from dis cussing working conditions in any plant, the government attorney con tended the crime of sedition was al most always committed by the ut terance of words alone. But that did not prevent punishment for such speech, he said. DADS' DRAFT: Certain to Go With the draft quota for October set at 312,000 pten, the War Man power commit sion reported that induction of pre Pearl Harbor dads would begin, with those in non-de ferrable jobs be ing the first to go. While the WMC was making its announcement. Sen. Robert R. Reynolds of North Carolina declared that rnnvrgfi Robert Reynold* soon would act to establish a definite draft policy'and eliminate the con fusion arising from varying WMC directives. Reynolds favored the in duction at all single men in the na tion before drafting any fathers. The October quota was set on the basis of the services' goal of 10,800, 000 men by January 1. Of these, the army will get 8,200,000, and the navy the rest. However, the navy recently revealed that it had al ready achieved its mark of 2,869,000 in uniform. FOREIGN PACTS: Due for Congress' O. K. Agreements that the executive branch of the government may en * n? A Arthur Vandenberg Wi UllU 1U1 U1C Will* porary management of conquered coun tries will be subject to a majority vote of the house and sen ate, according to plans developed in conferences between Secretary of State Cordell Hull and congressional repre sentatives. Such action would give congress a check over the gov ernmeru s policies in the restoration of order in the devastated areas. Since congress would be called upon to appropriate funds for the execu tion of such policies, it demanded the right to control their expendi tures to protect this country's best interests. In discussing the plan, Sen. Ar thur Vandenberg of Michigan stated that mere congressional majorities for approving temporary agree ments in no way would affect the constitutional provision for a two thirds vote of the senate for the ratification of a final post-war treaty. SOUTH PACIFIC: Finish Job Heading northward, American air men nosed their craft for Weewak, New Guinea. Raiding that Jap air and supply base the day before, they had surprised the enemy and shot up 120 planes parked wing-to-wing on the ground. As they returned, 30 Jap inter ceptor planes zoomed up. But the American air armada mowed its way through the attackers, knocking out 28. Then sweeping low over the airfield, the Yanks bombed and can nonaded the planes and hangars that had been spared. Of the total of 225 enemy craft that had been sent to Weewak to re-enforce the Japs on the Australian front, 215 were de molished. Meanwhile, American warships lurking in the Solomons, pounced on a Jap convoy moving supplies to its beleaguered forces. Broadsides struck three enemy destroyers, sink ing one. Most of the barges in the convoy were shot up in splinters. FASTEST TANK J Killing two birds with one stone, the army has produced the M-5 tank, with an automatic gear shift and two Cadillac engines which auto mechanics can easily service on the battle field. Reputed to be the fastest tank, the M-5 has two hydra-matic transmissions which operate through a transfer unit, to deliver the power of the engines to the teak tracks. This Is said to be the first antomatic shift ever in stalled in a military vehicle. To every one mechanic schooled in air-cooled aircraft engines gen erally used in tanks, there are It mechanics familiar with automo bile engines, army offleials said. Hence, adoption of an anto engine for tank use will allow the nse of many mechanics for servicing on the front with a minimum of in struction. GAS: Planes Fill II p Gasoline for airplanes, ships, tanks, trucks and other vehicles of the armed forces will consume 30.6 per cent of total production east of the Rocky mountains for the rest of this year and approximately 40 per cent by 1945. Airplane consumption of gas is enormous, heavy bombers eating up a weight of fuel equal to the weight of its engines for each two hours aloft. Flying Fortresses average more than one galtyn to a mile. In the Tunisian campaign, 1,100,000 gal lons of gas were burned daily in the planes in Maj. Gen. James Doo little's command. Civilian allotment in the 17-state East-coast area approximates 13, 776,000 gallons of gas daily. When 126 refineries in the II. S. begin pro ducing 100-octane gas for military planes, their capacity will be in ex cess of the East-coast area's daily quota. Many are in operation, while others are being rushed to comple tion. Who's News This Week By Deloa Wheeler Lovelace Consolidated rssturss ?WNU Roteaso. KTEW YORK.?Fresh from an in ^ spection of the WACa, Dr. Min nie Maffett harps once more upon the tune she was singing even Want*SameBreak Jf'atUaaT For Girls as Men Federation Get After the War ot Business and Profes sional Women elected her their president and spokesman. When this war is over, she says, women must be treated as individuals, not as a separate sex. Employers must give them in particular the same break they have promised men. Must re turn them to their pre-war jobs. This country, particularly Texas, either has voluntarily treated Dr. Maffett as an indi vidual, or has had to ever since she set out to make her own way. That was, ronghly, 40 years ago. She is 61 now, born of a family which settled in Texas more than a hundred years back. She started out as a school teacher, bat decided on medicine and hung ont her shin gle in Dallas when she was 33. About that time Southern Methodist university needed a physician for women and Dr. Maffett took the job. She still has it but she carries on a gen eral practice, too, is on the staff of a couple of Dallas hospitals, and has her dynamic oar in a doxen other activities. Dr. Maffett is pink-cheeked, blue eyed, silvery-haired, a pleasant sight for any patient, especially one of those males she says some times discriminate against her sex. A persuasive orator, she is careful to emphasize that women do not seek to supplant men. But a wom an's brains, she argues, are good and men should be less reluctant to use them. Dr. Maffett sometimes shakes a finger at women, too. A while back she dressed them down for failing to vote at every oppor tunity. ? ^JINE years ago a parcel of New York newspaper men trekked west to see the sights of Chicago's Century of Progress and one after spotted a couple of teen-age boys. The ooys were pleasant - iacea, ineir clothes quiet; both were stocky; hardly overweight, certainly not tat, but stocky. An oldster, thin, con templative, seventyiah, walked with them. Henry Ford and his grand sons were visiting their dynamic ex hibit at the fair. The newspaper men were politely casual, but at least one blinked at the sight of a billion dollars on, so to speak, the hoof. Outwardly casual, probably, but blinking must be the shoals of Ford workers as the elder of the two boys now takes off a navy uniform to take on major authority in the family com pany. Henry Ford II is just 25, shoved so early into heavy-duty harness by the death of his father. The long boat ride that any smart fortune teller would have promised the young fellow yes terday Is out from here on. May be a quick, short one into Lake 8t. Clair and back, but hardly anything more. Of coarse, if tank and bomber production do not lag, he may find time to ride a horse. He has won caps for his horsemsaship, some extra ? shiny ones np at Bar Harbor In Maine. It is dollars to doughnuts that he takes his uniform off reluctantly. He was doing well in it. Yale, plus sound machineshop instruction from Well Qualified far JJhe'&d The Navy Jab He him to bis Reluctantly Leaves commission as an ensign and appointment as an instructor at the Great Lakes Train ing station. And he had already had ooe promotion. He is still solidly built, with a full mouth, a heavy nose and a smooth left-side part in his hair. In build and the cut of his job he suggests Elliott, of the politically opposite Roosevelta, a trifle. Three years age Henry Ford H married. His wife was the little, mere than pretty, dime McDonnell. They have two daughters, offspring of the kind of romance for which a nuga sine editor sighs. The two met seven years ago on the then glistening Normandie, now rising to a second life out of Hudson river mud, and they had a long week of moonlight on the Atlantic. H. Ford 2nd Slipt Off Uniform; Putt On Heavy Harnett Soldier Newspapers Are Important Factors In Keeping Up Morale of Our Fighting Men THE SfS^AM^piPfS I TUNIS, BIZERTA </ / I H By ELMO SCOTT WATSON R?1mm(1 by Western Newspaper Union. THERE'S an old saying that if two men meet anywhere in the world and one of them is an Englishman, the chances are he'll suggest they start a club. If that's true, then it's equally true that when any unit of the American army, larger than a squad, arrives at a new post, be it on home or foreign soil, one of the first things the soldiers do is to start their own newspaper! This seems to apply to the fighting fronts as well, for soon after the American forces in Sicily had captured the town of Vittoria, a one-page sheet, called the Dough boy News, made its appearance. A si -J A a. iLk M # AS a inaiier ui lan, uie news is a "transplanted" soldier newspaper. It is published by and for the men of the 45th di vision of the United States Sev enth army and it was started while the 45th was in training at Pine camp near Carthage, N. Y., where the paper was printed in the shop of the Car thage Republican - Tribune, a weekly. Its editor is Sgt. Don Robinson, formerly a reporter on the Oklahoma City (Okla.) Daily Times. The Doughboy News, however, Is only one of more than 1,000 such pub lications?830 camp newspapers in this country, 72 navy papers and 110 service papers abroad. The num 1 ber of these papers reflect two things: 1. The fact that Americans are the greatest newspaper-reading peo ple in the world, so when an Amer ican marches away to war a news paper seems to be an essential part of his "equipment." 2. Although the home town news paper is one of the most welcome pieces of mail that a soldier, sailor or marine receives, even this isn't enough for these news-hungry Amer icans. They want to read news of their own "outflts," their own activi ties and have the thrill of seeing their own names in print. Hence, the service newspaper. These service newspapers have every Imaginable variety of format, size and frequency of issue. There are dailies, semi-weeklies and week lies. Most of them are printed but many of them, issued where print ing facilities are not available, are mimeographed. But they all have one thing in common?they are pri marily for the enlisted man and pro duced by enlisted men. Outstanding among these publica tions are two which are internation al in their scope?Yank and the Stars and Stripes. When Yank was established last year it was intended to be a newspaper for men in the armed forces overseas ? soldiers, sailors, marines, members of the coast guatd and the merchant ma rine. However, six weeks after tt started it was distributed to men in the csmpe at home as well as those overseas. Now it has eight editions ?two in New York (one for the United States, the other for general overseas distribution), a British edi tion in London, a Caribbean edition in Puerto Rico, and others in Trini dad, Australia and Hawaii. Other editions are planned tor Panama, Alaska and the Persian Gulf Com mand, the reason for all these edi tions being to speed up distribu tion. On April 18, 1M2, a new version of the Stars and Stripes, famous sol dier newspaper of World War I. made its appearance in London. Un like Yank, which began publication later, the Stars and Stripes was not to be for the whole army but for the AEF in the British Isles. It started as a weekly but in November, in response to a demand from its sol dier readers who wanted more news from home than they were getting in the English newspapers, it be gan publishing daily. Since that time it has given birth to several lusty "offspring" in Africa. Soon aft er the great invasion of November, IMS, the Stars and Stripes was hauled up on an editorial masthead in Algiers and began publication as a weekly. Later it began issuing a daily edition as well as a weekly; and daily editions are also issued in Or an, Casablanca and other African cities. The African edition of the Stars and Stripes is typical of the Amer ican soldier newspaper?breezy and informal in the style of its writing, reflecting "the humor without which democracy would die." Like most service newspapers it prints much soldier verse and one of its poems promises to become immortal. In one of the early issues appeared an eight-line poem by Private William L. Russell under the title of "Tune From Tunis" which told about "Dirty Gertie From Biierte." "Tune From Tunis" was reprint ed in Yank where Paul Re if, com poser of "The Isle of Capri," saw it, wrote some additional verses and set it to music. Since that time other soldiers have added verses of their own (most of which can NOT be printed) and now it seems likely that "Dirty Gertie From Bizerte" will be the World War II counterpart of "Mademoiselle From Armenti eres" of World War I fame. Another soldier newspaper which has won considerable fame for its verse is the Kodiak Bear, published by and for the soldiers, sailors and contractors' workmen statimed at Fort Greely and the naval air sta tion on Kodiak island in the Gulf of Alaska. It started the same week that Pearl Harbor was bombed and one of its most famous poems wan called "Valentine Verses to a Geisha Girl" which was an iaiila tion to G?isha Girl ot far Japan Got aboard an afttf oampoa; Paddle to some Us Pacific . . ? Kodiak, to bo optdfie. The poem went on to assure Ota geisha girl of the warmth of the welcome awaiting her, bat ended with this abrupt warning: Come straight to as. my I it? IT?. Brine row usters. brothers, toe . . . Brine roar whole damn Beet sf Iss fbl sobs. But be readr tor see hehrrs heme stos ran get here! - , Although army regulations fuebid giving out weather data, the Kodiak Bear has its own method of getting around that. For instance, there ana this prediction: ~"v? The Weather: Chungking: Belly eeid. Courtesy KODK Weather Bureau. It is such things as these?tuts of humor, typical American "gags," "wisecracks," jokes at the expense of themselves as well as their ef flcers, both commissioned and non-coms (especially the latter!)? which help relieve the monotony and drudgery of the military routine and which make the service man's newspaper such an important part of his everyday life. Military of ficials testify to the fact that there Is nothing like these newspapers to boost the morale of our men in the armed forces,'maintain his interest in the job before him. So whether he's stationed in Alaska, Iceland, Trinidad, Australia or Iran, he looks forward each publication day to the arrival of HIS newspaper. And as the African and griBan campaigns have ill inidHalnl ha sees to it that his natMPper goes right along with, h tnf ts fhe firing line. The Doughboy News, pub lished in Vittoria, Sicily, may be the latest example of such a paper pub lished deep in what was recently "enemy territory" but it's certain that it wont be the last. The other day a staff sergeant who is the managing editor of one of the daily editions of the Stars and Stripes in Africa wrote back to his editor-father in the States: "I'm waiting for the day when wa publish either a 'Roma Daily' or u 'Berlin Daily.' Soma fun. beyT" I _
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Sept. 2, 1943, edition 1
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