The Alamance Gleaner
- .y,
Vol LXIX , GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1943 No. 32
Nation's Food Producers Achieve 1943 Goals,
Elevate Sights to Meet Next Year's Demands
?
Farmers Beat Floods,
Cold and Drought to
Reap Record Crops
America's farmers have done
it again!
Last year the skeptics said
they'd never meet their goals. So
the farmers upped food produc
tion 13 per cent over 1941, for a
record total of 28 per cent more
than the average for the five
years before the war!
Came Farm Mobilization day
in 1943 and the skeptics were
sure it couldn't possibly be done
that time. So the farmers (de
cided which of the most-needed
crops they could grow the best
and planted the greatest acre
age in 11 years! They brought
together the largest numbers of
livestock and poultry in history,
and pushed egg, meat and poul
try production to a new peak.
Today they are exhibiting a na
tional food basket containing 4 per
cent more than the 1942 record pro
duction, and 31 per cent more than
the yearly average for 1935-39!
Now those farmers face another
growing year?and doubtless anoth
er crop of skeptics who haven't
learned, after seven consecutive
years of record food production, that
American farmers know what they
are doing. They attack the problem
of raising food for war with the
same spirit the American fighting
man displays on the field of battle.
And, like that fighting man, they get
results!
Estimated production figures for
1943 are significant. Despite a late
and rather unfavorable spring, de
structive floods in the corn belt and
other hindrances such as labor and
machinery shortages, nearly 352
million acres are being harvested.
Total crop production is slightly less
than 1942's record harvest, but 15
per cent greater than the five-year
average of 1935-39.
Food crop acreage under cultiva
tion in 1943 exceeds the 1942 acreage
by about 3 per cent. The decrease
in crop production is largely attrib
utable to smaller yields per acre on
certain crops, although some plant
ings were lost through the floods,
and others came to maturity but
could not be harvested for lack of
"hands" or machines, or both.
Livestock for food shows an esti
mated 8 per cent increase over the
1942 record, and 22 per cent over
the previous record set in 1941. An
increase of more than one-third, or
38 per cent, is estimated over the
average for 1935-39.
Lowered food ? crop figures are
more than offset by the livestock in
crease, to push total food production
in 1943 about 4 per cent above the
1942 record, and 31 per cent over
the five-year period average of
1935-39.
Meat Output Tops Record.
Production of all meats for the
year is estimated at an all-time
high of more than 23 billion pounds,
an 8 per cent increase over 1942
and 44 per cent more than the aver
age for the earlier five-year period.
Pork production will exceed that of
1942 by about 18 per cent, but it is
expected that beef and veal, and
lamb and mutton will show totals
slightly below last year.
Both poultry and eggs will mark
a record production, if an antici
pated four billion pounds of chicken
is reached and the hens lay their
expected five billion dozen eggs.
These results would push poultry fig
ures 34 per cent above 1942 and 72
per cent above the 1935-39 average,
with eggs going 13 per cent over
last year's record and about 43 per
cent over the previous flve-y^ar
period.
Milk and milk products are ex
pected to show considerable fluctua
tion. Maintaining of milk for hu
man consumption at an expected
level only about 1 per cent less than
in 1942?a record consumption?will
lower production of cheese and
evaporated milk about 13 per cent
from last year. Government restric
tions on the use of milk solids win
reduce ice cream production about
20 per cent, although butter produc
tion is expected to be upped about
4 per cent over 1942.
Housewives will be encouraged by
estimates on production of edible fat
and oils, exclusive of butter, at
about 10 per cent higher than 1942.
The increase for lard is set at 15
per sent, for compounds and vege
table cooking fats at 12 per cent
and margarine at about 48 per cent.
Among the field crops many rec
orda are anticipated this season. The
peanut harvest is expected to set an
all-time high with a total of 2,988,
450,000 pounds, 35 per cent more
than the 1942 record and almost 2\4
times the average for the ten-year
period from 1932 through 1941.
Dry bean growers will harvest a
record crop from a record acreage
?23 million bags of 100 pounds each,
or an increase of 17 per cent over
last year's peak and 59 per cent
over the 10-year average. Another
record will be set when estimates
of 10 million bags for the dry pea
crop are realized. Last year's crop
was seven million bags.
Potatoes dug this year will total
some 443,087,000 bushels, another
record and a sizable increase over
fruits will be consumed in larger
per capita quantities than last year,
but will not match the 1941 record. '
Among the meats, civilians will
set, a larger per capita supply of
pork during the current year but
less of the other meats such as
beef and veal, lamb and mutton.
Nearly two-thirds of the prospective
1943-44 supply of all meats combined
has been allocated to civilian use,
63 pounds out of every 100. This
amounts to 66 pounds out of every
100 of beef, 80 pounds of veal, 59
pounds of pork, and 65 out of 100
pounds of mutton. The large amount
of pork available, despite the ap
parently small allocation per 100
pounds, is due to the unusually large
Farmers' Scoreboard for the Year
: t I
the 1942 harvest of 371,150,000 bush
els. Sweet potatoes are expected to
exceed last year's crop by 24 per
cent for a total of 61,255,000 bushels.
Although truck crops for process
ing will be about the same in the
aggregate as in 1942, three of the
four principal processing crops show
marked increases. Processors can
anticipate a harvest of 11 per cent
more snap beans, 7 per cent more
green peas and 4 per cent more
sweet corn. Beets, a less impor
tant crop, also show an increase.
Tomatoes, the fourth of the leading
vegetables for processing, will prob
ably be down about 2 per cent below
last season's supply.
Where the Food Goes
Now that the farmers have come
through with another topnotch har
vest, what is going to happen to all
this food? Well, civilians will get
most of it?a good, round 75 per
cent of the total. Of the remainder,
some 13 per cent will go to the
armed services, 10 per cent to lend
lease and 2 per cent to other out
lets. The civilian portion is about
equal to the average amount of food
consumed ii|9 the years 1935-39.
Civilian per capita consumption in
1943 compares favorably with con
sumption during that period and is
greater for many commodities.
For example, pteliminary esti
mates of per capita consumption are
larger than 1941?record year for
consumption on most foods?for
chickens, eggs, fluid milk and
cream, margarine, potatoes, sweet
potatoes, dry edible beans, and the
grain crops: wheat, rye, milled rice,
corn, oats and barley. While total
fats and oils consumption will be
about 1 point less than 1941, it will
show an increase of slightly more
than 1 point over 1942. Canned
juices, dried fruits and fresh citrus
Women who ore taking over the
many difficult Job* deserve a large
?hare of the credit for the enormoos
crops being harvested despite mas-,
power shortages. Mrs. Eldest Dae
binds oats on her Urns near ArUng
? tea. Ohio.
poundage of pork available for mar- j
keting. Total meat allocation for
civilians, out of the more than 23
billion pounds produced, is 13% bil- j
lion pounds. The armed services will
get 3.9 billion, lend-lease 3.2 billion
and reserves and other needs, 1.4
billion pounds. The major portion
of meat going to lend-lease is pork.
Marvin Jones, war food adminis
trator, has pointed out that in spite
of the United States' enormous pro
duction record, short supplies of va
rious foods" will arise from time to
time, and some foods will maintain
a constant shortage,
"In fact," says Jones, "no matter
how much we increase production,
the requirements for foods by our
fighting forces, our home front and
our Allies will outdistance the sup
ply."
Planning for Next Year.
The busy farmer knows that rec
ord demands are absorbing his rec
ord food production and asking for
more. He has no time for resting
on his laurels after another success
ful year. Even as he harvests his
1943 crops he is planning the sowing
of some 380 million acres in 1944,
an increase of about 5 per cent over
this year. In addition, he 'must
make sure of sufficient pasture for
his livestock, which will push the
farm acreage in 1944 over the bil
lion mark, an increase of 16 million
acres over 1942. He has to plan the
maintenance of high levels on pro
duction of meat, dairy products and
eggs, too.
Once there were limits on the
amount of food for which farmers
could find a ready market, at home
or abroad. In the world at war to
day there might be said to be no
limit to his market. It's production
that is now of first account for the
farmer, not where he can sell what
he raises.
For this reason, he's looking
ahead to plan his own crops for the
best use of as much acreage as he
can plant. Every farm crop grown
in 1944 will be a war crop, except
for a few special crops already
much curtailed. Greater emphasis
will be placed on cereals, including
an increase in wheat acreage, and
there will be special need for more
soybeans, dry beans, the dry peas,
flax, potatoes, canning crops and
feed crops.
Conservation practices to increase
production next year will be empha
sized under the agricultural conser
vation program carried out by tht
Agricultural Adjustment agency oi
the department of agriculture
These practices Include measures t<
assist farmers to reach and main
tain maximum productivity of theii
land, without jeopardizing produc
tion in succeeding years.
After the farmer has set up hii
own farm plan, the AAA committee
men, both county and community,
will assist him in obtaining equip
ment, materials such as fertilizers
and other items essential to gettini
the production job done.
Eitrrvotti for 1943 ?ho??
V CHICKENS Mpereont MORE
L_ thon In 1942
W EGGS 13 porcont MORE
DRIED PEAS?40pore?n? MORE
^^LARD ISporant MORE
? MEAT Sporcont MORE
J?? DRY BEANS ?17 porcont MORE
CITRUS FRUfT5-6p?cont MORE
??? WHEAT I5p*fctnt LESS
CORN 9 porcont LESS
Who's News
This Week
By
Deltis Wheeler Lovelace
Consolidated Features.?WNU Release.
A MOST durable ambassador is
Sir Samuel John Gurney Hoare,
now back at 10 Downing Street to
tell how he talked turkey to Franco.
A Bit Pompous, Sir ^"wuTa
Samuel Has Plenty tight mouth
O' Solid nasaf voice
that on occasion has rim through
the house of commons like the rasp
of a file. But he knows his mind
and probably knew, too, that Allied
victories had ripened the time to
back Franco into a corner.
One of those modern corre
spondents, who tip between Lon- *
don and New Fork the'way an
older generation used to ride the
expresses between New York
and Washington, reports that
Hoare loves the pomp and cir
cumstance of public life. He cer
tainly acts as though he does
when he togs out in court dress.
His uniform is perfection. The
sword that he wears as an Elder
Brother of Trinity House slants
jauntily. The blase of his deco
rations heightens the light of
pleasure in his eyes.
Sir Samuel is a prodigious worker,
with an infinite capacity for impor
tant detail and his performance in
Spain has been satisfactory all
around. His wile, maybe, has helped
there. She writes a weekly pep
piece for consular representatives.
The Hoare family, though not
venerable, has been in banking quite
some time and there is plenty of
money to support an ambassadorial
establishment. Sir Samuel is 63.
?
'"pHE'Nazis in Belgium, according
to exiled Prime Minister Hubert
Pierlot, are slowly starving more
than half of Belgium's small chil
Nazis Are Starving Flp?
Belgium's Children, cent of
H. Pierlot Declare. ???,??
and six, he says, are undernour
ished.
Pierlot speaks on the basis of first
rate information. He was prime
minister before the captivity and the
people who remained behind still
look upon him as their leader and
smuggle information over the Chan
nel regularly.
A trifle old to light in this war,
S3, in the last straggle with Ger
many Pierlot enlisted as a pri
vate, finished a lieutenant and
stayed on in the reserve to be
come a captain of the Chasseurs
Ardennais. That "Ardennais,"
probably evoked memories he
could not resist. It was in the
Ardennes that the bloody bat
tles of the summer of 1914 were
fought, futile victories for the
Germans tbey turned out to be.
After peace Pierlot became one of
Brussels' most eminent lawyers and
ultimately was elected to the senate.
A thick man with a square face and
little hair but vast eyebrows and a
heavy moustache, he held various
portfolios in the cabinet and reached
the prime ministership just before
the Germans' second invasion. He
barely escaped their pursuit and with
his wife and seven children went
first to Vichy, then to Spain and by
way of Portugal to England. King
Leopold, meanwhile, fell in the
Nazis' hands and Pierlot's first com
ment was bitterly accusing. It was,
probably, only double talk for Ger
man consumption because he de
fends his king now.
???
AFTER an earlier war council
called in Washington by the au
thors of the Atlantic Charter, it was
rumored that a veteran general
Liken Mountbatten
To Gen. Wellington the Burma
In Various Way.
to the young, the hell-for-leather
Lord Louis Mountbatten. Gossips
said that when any schedule of men,
ships, planes and guns was drawn
up the oldster tck-tck-tcked and
asked double. Mdtmtbatten has al
ways gone ahead with the tools at
hand and has used these so well he
is a vice admiral at 43.
Incidentally, a superstitions
neighbor points out that Welling
ton, when he finished Napoleon's
generals in the Peninsular *ar,
was 44. Bnnna, the neighbor
notes. Is also on a peninsula
and Lord Mountbatten is 43. The
"lord" is by courtesy, not Burke.
An elder brother inherited the
title of Marquis of Mllford Ha
ven and a nephew holds it now.
Mountbatten is only plain Louis
Francis Albert Victor Nicholas;
but like Wellington, also a young
er son, ho may be more than
marquis la the end.
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Italy's Unconditional Surrender Marks
Real 'Beginning of the End' for Axis;
GOP Outlines Foreign Relations Plank;
Red Army Retakes Ukraine Farm Lands
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Whu oplnlens arc iiittwl la tktM cslnmns. they are tkM* ?#
Western Newspaper Uaiea's asws analysts and est necessarily al this newspaper.)
Released bp Western Newspaper Union.
ITALY SURRENDERS:
One Down, Two to Go
Five days after British and Cana
dian troops stormed across the Mes
sina straits to land on the Italian
mainland, Italy surrendered uncon
ditionally to Gen. Dwight Eisen
hower.
When Marshal Pietro Badoglio's
government gave up, it marked the
first split in the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo
Axis. First indications of the Italian
collapse came with the ouster of
Benito Mussolini.
Left to hold Hitler's vaunted Euro
pean fortress were German troops,
themselves engaged in a major re
treat in Russia, and the Nazis'
smaller Balkan allies. While capitu
lation of Italy exposed central
Europe to heavy bomber attack, the
Alpine district presented a formida
ble obstacle to aa Allied ground ad
vance into southern Germany.
Hundreds of thousands of her
troops killed or captured in North
Africa; her elaborate railroad sys
tem torn to shreds; her fair cities
smouldering in ruin, and lacking
the natural resources to carry on
war, Italy sought the easiest way
out of the conflict.
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC:
Isolate Japs
Australian troops were hacking
their way through jungle brush to
*1 si
U1C UWU1WC91 Ui
Lae, New Guinea,
when a cloud of
American planes
appeared over
head. The next
moment the sky
was filled with
tiny white pulfs,
marking out Al
lied paratroopers,
floating to earth
to assist in the
encirclement of
20,000 Jap sol
diers.
Gen. George
Blame;
Previously, Australian units under
Gen. George Blarney surprised the
Japs by landing in force to the east
of Lae. Moving quickly, they ad
vanced on the big enemy base even
while the Aussies and U. S. para
troopers were sealing off Lae to the
northwest.
General MacArthur's trigger ac
tion not only cut off the Lae garri
son from reinforcement from the
north, but it also was designed to
choke off stubborn Jap troops re
sisting an Allied advance before
Salamaua, farther to the southeast.
HEALTH:
Holding Up Well
Civilians are maintaining a better
level of health than federal authori
ties expected, despite food rationing,
longer work hours, and fewer doc
tors and nurses available, the Of
fice of War Information reports.
While mortality and sickness rates
are slightly higher, the statement
comments that the rise is not more
than could be anticipated, consid
ering wartime strain.
The only serious epidemic condi
tion is the inAease in infantile
paralysis (poliomyelitis) and spinal
meningitis. More than 4,900 cases
of infantile paralysis have been re
ported throughout the nation this
year, the largest number since
1934. Spinal meningitis cases total
13,308, the greatest number since
1914, when records began.
2,000,000 OVERSEAS:
Marshall Reports
Of 7,000,000 men in the army July
1, 2,000,600 were overseas. Gen.
George C. Marsh
an, u. o. cmei oa
(taff, revealed in
hia biennial re
port to the nation.
Of the 7,000,000
men. General
Marahall aaid,
531,000 are of
flcera, with 1,065
generate. More
than3,000,000 men
are aerving in the
air force.
Experience
ahowa that aix
tone of chipping
are necesaery to
traneport a eol
Gen. Geerce
Marshal)
Jier and hia accessories overacaa,
and hia aupplj require* one ton a
month. General Marshal] aaid.
At the time the Jap* attacked th*
Philippine*, General Marshall stat
ed, a is troop ahlp* and nina cargo
vessels were enrouta to th* island*.
MANPOWER:
Control Coast Labor
With 160,000 mors parson re
quired lor shipyards and J0O.OOO. lor
aircraft lactories 3 ' ?
uu MIC ?? cai
War Mobilization
Director James
F. Byrnes an
nounced that the
WMC received
control of the su
pervision of labor
in that area.
A copy of a pro
gram already de
veloped in the
Buffalo, N. Y..
area, the WNC's
Junes Bjmes
m
West coast plan involves: "I. Deter
mination of necessary production
schedules in various factories; 2.
Shift of labor to essential employ
ment from less essential Wbrk or
services; 3. Allotment of manpower
to the more important industries in
the area; 4. Distribution of farm
help wherever most needed through
out the West coast
Time to Switch
Along with adoption of the West
coast plan, the WMC's selective
service bureau sought to co-ordinate
its draft program with industrial
needs.
First, the bureau ordered that all
non-deferrable workers seeking to
switch to essential production be giv
en 30 days, or till October IS, in
which to And such employment
through registration with the U. S.
Employment service. The WMC
previously ruled that essential occu
pation, and not dependency, be the
basis tor draft deferment.
Second, the bureau instructed lo
cal boards that before they induct
any workers skilled in 149 critical
occupations, they must submit the
names of such men to the D. S. Em
ployment service. The service will
then determine whether these men
are more urgently needed by an
other employer.
GOP:
Keep Sovereignty
Co-operation in the preservation of
peace without the loss of U. S. sov
ereignty consti
tutes the basis
of the Republican
party's post-war
advisory commit
tee's recommen
dation for future
American foreign
Policy
Meeting on his
toric Mackinac
Island. Mich., un
der National
Chairman Harri
son Spangler, the
GOP committee
Harrison
Spufler
(truck the theme for its 1944 plank
on foreign affairs.
While declaring that "we must do
our full share in a program for per
manent peace among nations," the
GOP committee members said, "we
must preserve and protect all our
own national interests." If any
proposed international cooperation
should conflict with our best inter
ests, the committee said, "then the
United States should adhere to the
policy which will preserve its con
stitutionalism as expressed in the
Declaration of Independence ..."
For conquered countries, the com
mittee recommended disarmament
and destruction of war industrial.
RUSSIA:
Regaining Wealth
Under the weight at massed Red
attacks, German troops slowly fell
back to the broad banks of the Dnie
per river in southern Russia.
With many of the rich coal and
iron deposits of the Donetz basin ir
Russian hands again, advancini
Red armies also reclaimed mucl
of the fertile farm land of th<
Ukraine, famed for its black eartt
and wheat and cotton fields. SHcinj
into the heart of this province, th<
Reds severed the Nazis' main rai
connections to the north.
With the natural resources, Rus
sian troops also recovered many for
mer industrial cities, like Kharkov
But having been wracked by war
fare and their manufacturing facili
ties demolished by the Germans, re
construction will be necessary to re
store them to production. In th?
north-central sector, Red troopi
pounded at the gateway Into Whiti
Russia, adjacent to the former stato
of Poland.'
U. S. TREASURY:
Seeks Billions
High finance has come to the fore
front with the treasury's efforts to
raise 100 billion dollars lor war ex
penditures during the present fiscal
year ending June 30.
Approximately SO millfen bonds
valued at IS billion dollars are ex
pected to be sold *
during the treas
ury's present bond
selling campaign.
All of the money
will be sought
from individuals
and businesses,
with banks of
fered a limited
number of securi
ties after the
close of the pub
lic drive. Howev
er, the treasury
Re*. Robert
has been obtaining 100 million dol
lars weekly through short term
bill sales to banks.
With congress reconvened. Repre
sentative Robert Dough ton's house
ways and means committee was
looking forward to consideration of
new tax legislation to raise an addi
tional 12 billion dollars requested by
President Roosevelt. Present levies
will yield 38 billions dollars.
RAIL WRECKS:
High Toll
Crowded with passengers return
ing to New York, the Pennsylvania
railroad's mighty Congressional
Limited streaked through the North
Philadelphia station. On it whizzed
to Frankfort Junction, Pa. Then, a
burned journal on the seventh car at
the 18-car train gave, throwing the
coach high into the air.
Hurtling against a steel girder at
a signal tower, the upper section at
the coach was sheared right off.
Careening wildly, the car behind
smashed into the wrecked coach,
and the rest of the train left the
rails and plowed along the right at
way. Fire broke out in some of the
cars. More than SO dead and 125
injured were removed from the
wreckage.
Several hours later, the New York
Central's Century Limited was roar
ing along near Canastota, N. Y.,
when its locomotive exploded, derail
ing nine of the 15 passenger cars.
The first four cars lunged down an
embankment; the others were
strewn all over the tracks. Heavy,
steel rails were plowed up and twist
ed into fantastic shapes. Three
crewmen were killed; approximate
ly seven passengers injured.
U. S. - BRITAIN:
Tongue Common Bond
Speaking at Harvard university.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
declared the United States and
Great Britain must march togeth
er "in those realms at thought which
are consecrated to the rights and
dignity of man."
"It would be a most foolish and
improvident act on the part of our
two governments ... to break up
this smooth running and immense
ly powerful machinery the moment
the war is over." Churchill added.
Commenting on studies being
made by a special commission to
construct a basic English language ,
for use by all people, Churchill said
such a common tongue offers far
better opportunity for understand
ing between people than "taking
away provinces and land or grinding
them down in exploitation."
Stating that a common speech had
drawn the United States and Great
Britain close together in war,
Churchill said that it may well prove
the foundation for a common citizen
ship.
ECONOMIC DIRECTOR:
Appointed for Italy
Former assistant to Vice Presi
dent Henry Wallace when he waa
secretary of agriculture, and more
recently bead of the Farm Security
administration, 41-year-old Calvin B.
Baldwin was named area director
of economic operations in occupied
Italy.
As area director, Baldwin win
have the task at co-ordinating the
I various programs
1 of supply and pro
? duction instituted
by the Allies' civ
il commissions in
governing the
captured territo
ries. With Italy
essentially an ag
ricultural coun
try, particularly
in wheat and
fruits, Baldwin's
experience in
. farm administrate
CaMaBaltwfei
in undoubtedly
determined his appointment.
Joining attacks on Baldwin's po
litical philosophy, Senator Harry F.
. Byrd charged him with admitting to
a joint committee on nonessential
. expenditure that FSA repreaenta
. tives had formulated a long-ranga
l plan of using the government's
i power of eminent domain for break
. ing up large land properties into
amallst