Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / April 13, 1944, edition 1 / Page 1
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J^Alamance gleaner ' ? GRAHAMTNTc^ THURSDAY, APRIL 13, 1944 * No. 1# WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS " "II; Increased Activity in Paeif.v c I Marked by U_ Blows on Jap i f"Fd Burma, India; i 4 Fs Get Study m Manpower Crisis J ??..?<, o, Ms# ! ?' i I Italy?Afminst a background of war'* ruin at Cattino, an Allied medical I nit more* to the front to attend tbo wounded. ! RATIONING: Announce Changes More gas, freer use of fuel oil and food coupons and ration changes in vegetables, fruits, meats and oils were announced by OPA. To maintain the distribution busi ness, it was announced drivers hold ing "B" cards will be allowed an additional 100 rrtiles a month, while expiration dates for fuel oil coupons will be eliminated before the fall season of heavy consumption gets underway. Because many shoppers cashed in their red and blue food coupons for tokens at expiration dates, OPA took off all time limits on the stamps. While all frozen fruits and vege tables were taken off rationing, beef flank meat, pork liver, lamb and mutton hearts, liver, sweetbreads and tongue, beef tongue, cooked and barbecued pork spareribs and pork tongue were cut 1 point. Shortening, salad and cooking oil were slashed 1 point. Points on canned carrots and tomato juice also were reduced. DRAFT: Eye 4-F$ To fill up the industrial and agri cultural ranks left vacant by the drafting of all men except key work era under 26, the government called for the induction of all 4-Fs not en gaged in essential occupations and a congressional committee moved to shape special legislation for such a program. At the same time, it was revealed Selective Service was scrapping its ?sut system of deferring agricultural workers, only giving consideration Jo a man's regular employment on a ? and the problem of replacing him. Under the government's proposal, s-rs doing nonessential work would be enlisted as reserves and directed l to essential occupations at regular Pay. or they would be en toiled in labor battalions for em Pioyrr.ent at army pay if they re "tjed to accept the assignments. W the nation's 3,500,000 4-Fs it was estimated that about 1,000,000 were ?"gaged in non-essential work. PACIFIC: threaten India -**-bold Japanese forces thrust to ft* highway hub of Imphal in maia, AOm. IXHllS Mountbatten rallied Allied forces to a stand to hold this key to land commu nications all along the 600-mile Bur mese front. In the Southwest Pacific area, strong U- S. naval forces again challenged the Japanese fleet to come out and fight Admiral oy attacking the en I ""T't sea base of Palau, 460 miles I from the Philippines, bat the Nips 1 J** more withdrew. On New I "mnea, New Britain and Bougain I ride, Allied ground forces continued 1 I Press the Japs, as U. S. airmen I I 2?*' reinforcement of their bat- I I <ered troops by shooting up shipping I *"d bases. I Seeking to capitalize on their sur- I I 04 lhe AlHe? when I j*** b*?rst from the Burmese jun- I I ?* from three points to converge I I ? Imphal, the Japs maintained I I pressure In the face of stiffen- I 1 2 Brihsh resistance. Beyond Im- I ? lay the Bengal-Assam railroad, I I rJJ'Ting Lieut. Gen. Joseph Stil- I I s ar>d Chinese troops push- I | ^ laps down the Mogaung val- I I m 'ar northern Burma. ? AGRICULTURE: Food Subsidies To peg consumer costs, War Food Administrator Marvin Jones ordered the $3,000,000,000 Commodity Credit corporation to use its powers and funds for subsidizing food prices. In addition, the CCC was ordered to purchase, sell, store and trans port food and farm products involved in the WFA's price-support and lend- : lease programs. i Strongly bucked by the farm bloc in congressional debate but upheld by administration forces, the food subsidy program will cost the CCC between $650,000,000 and $800,000,000, it was estimated. Farm Prices Increases in returns on meat ani mals, feed grains, hay and oil bear ing and fruit crops resulted in a one point advance in the general level of farm prices from mid-February to mid-March, the agriculture de partment reported. Boosts in the above commodities more than offset declines in food grains, truck crops, and milk and egg prices, and brought the general income level to 196 of the 1909-'14 plane. A rise of one point brought prices paid by farmers to 176 of the 1909-'14 standard. Prices received by farmers aver aged 115 of parity, with only wheat, rye, flaxseed, cotton, hay, peanuts, cotton, lemon and oranges below the fair exchange value established by congress. EUROPE: In Balkans While their lines held in northern Russia, German troops fell back to the Carpathian mountains in the south, where they were looked upon to make a stand with Hungarian and Rumanian forces recently in corporated into the Nazi armies. As the Germans drew back in. the east, Allied bombers headed over western Europe to drop their ex plosives over the expected invasion routes and hammer at Nazi produc tion centers. In Italy, both sides traded punches at Anzio below Rome, while action tapered at Cas sino, where Germans clung to their defensive posts. In pushing the Germans back to the Carpathians, the Russians ad vanced to within 30 miles from the old Czecho-Slovak border, while far ther to the southeast, they crossed the Prut river to lunge into Ru mania. Occupation Plans '* From London last week came re ports indicating Allied plans for postwar Europe shaped by the U. S., Russia and Britain. With the reich's collapse, the au thoritative London Sunday Observer said plans called for British occupa tion of western and north central Germany, U. S. control of the south ern and south-central parts, and Russia of the eastern section. Sym bol of Germany, Berlin would be oc cupied by all three powers. Before establishment of stable gov ernment, the Big Three would also occupy Austria, and any movement for that country's union with Ger many would be discouraged, with closer economic ties with the Bal kans suggested. Looking toward eastern Europe, information leaking from sources consulted on perfecting details of the Teheran agreements indicate Moscow will annex the Baltic states and eastern Poland and Balkan ter ritory considered traditionally Rus sian, and exercise influence over Bulgaria, Rumania and Hungary. SURPLUS GOODS: Consult Business To prevent a disruption of ordi nary business channels, U. S. agen cies entrusted with the disposal of surplus war goods for civilian use have been instructed to confer with the War Production board's 750 in dustry advisory committees on dis tribution of material through estab lished outlets. Although most members of the Industry advisory committees are manufacturers, some wholesalers and retailers have been included in the groups, and it will be their task to help determine normal outlets for certain goods, the amount of ma terial to be released, and whether distributors should bid for the mer chandise, negotiate for its purchase ar buy it at auction. While the new procedure was an nounced, Rep. Wright Patman (Tex as) pressed for enactment of a bill rnder which retailers would be given equal voice in the disposal of surplus far goods along with the bigger manufacturers and wholesalers. GERMANY: Production Efficiency Striving to stretch their human and material resources to maxi mum, Germany's production czars have reached into industrial and do mestic activity alike. In industry, the Nazis have spared men and metal by reducing locomo tive models from 119 to 13, and they have economized on shipping space by extensive dehydration of foods. More efficient methods reportedly increased steel, copper and alumi num output while decreasing man hours. To keep working women from per forming house tasks at home, the Nazis have organized groups to mend their stockings and attend to other domestic functions. Persona from 65 to 70 have been enlisted to assist service men at railway de pots. Finds Long Way Back Taken to St. Petersburg, Fla., by bis master and then given to a resi dent there, an Irish setter, Duke, so longed for his old home that be trav eled 1,200 miles back to it at Boann, Ind., where an old friend. Rev. Rob ert Collins, found him bloody-footed and exhausted. Informed of Dnke's plight, his master wired Rev. Collins funds to , eare for the dog until he should re turn. ARMY AND NAVY: Furloughs Because of shipping difficulties and preparations for campaigns, the army will continue to grant fur loughs on an individual basis rather than to whole units, Sen. Guy Gil lette (Iowa) was advised by the war department. With other midwestern Senators, Gillette had queried the war depart ment about the possibilities of fur loughing the 34th division, which has been overseas for more than two years and is made up of men from Minnesota, South Dakota, North Da kota, Nebraska and Iowa. While the war department admit ted many empty cargo ships were returning to the U. S., it added that there was a problem of shore han dling once the vessels reached here. New Construction Heralding an intensification of the war against the Japanese, the U. S. navy asked for 1V4 billion dollars for the construction of shore facilities, principally on the West coast. Plans call for the building of fleet and cargo piers, supply depots, avi ation ' training bases, harbor im provements and repair depots. Expansion of present hospital fa cilities from 80,000 to 10,000 beds and provision for malaria recupera tion centers also were included ir the plans. gg; LINES ON READING ABOUT SOME FLYING ACES "A hick-town coy" was the old time crack, "He's fresh from the sticks, the boob; Yon know what them small-town fellers lack Remember, a robe's a robe!" Bat now the war It has chanted all that? Look np where the hot flak flies Up there, with the aces who treat 'em rough Behold all the small-town guys! Lieutenant Iekard from Granite Falls . . . Meroney from Pine Bluff Ark . . . They're with the boys in the payoff brawls With Murphy of Eastlake Park ... Captain Don Gentile of "Plqua O." And Newman from Goose Creek, Tex.? They're with the scrappers who blast the foe And add to the Axis wrecks. "Snowflake" ? there's one that Is new to you ? It's only a whistle-stop, Bot from it Grant Turley Is with a crew That's making those Berlin hops; Nicky Megnra, Ansonia, Joe Turner from BartletsvWe . . . There's Stuffy O'Hare of Sidonla And Williams from Rlekett's Mill. Ridgewood, old Newton and West bury, Verona and Stony Creek . . . From Milford and Bethel and Big Oak Tree, Corona and Owlhead Peak . . . From old Williamantic and Bearer Dam, North Canton and Lebanon, Mlssonla and Bingrille and Cedar ham, Deep River and Rising Sun. Afoot, on the seas, In the flaming skies. Fight lads from some little town, And tall are feats of the hlek-town guys Whenever the chips are down; The villages there by an old mill stream? The towns by the forest deep? The hamlets so far from a spot light's gleam? They're THERE when the task Is steep. In foxholes, in erashboats. In bomb* ers yrtit, Wherever the flghting's bot Are guys who have swung en a farm yard gate And fished In a wooded spot; The Hiektowns, the Geosevilles and Spotted Cow, East BirdvBle and Painted Sky? They're up in the front with the big towns new And writing their names np high. ? * ? THE BOOK OF WAS ETIQUETTE "Marvin Jonei, war food admln Utrator, urges Americans to nop op the gravy, scjueeae the grapefruit dry and pick bene* op in the lagers to get the last mend from them. He says 2t per cent of ear toed la wasted."?News Item. Dear Mr. Jones: I am a little girl anxious to do the right thing at the table. I read your appeal to sop up the gravy, and I think it is a One idea. Is it all right for me to lick the platterT Some of my friends say it is not Kathie. Dear Kathie: Platter-Heking in a crisis like this is a definite contribution to the war effort and a proof of patriotism. Tour friends are Axis agents. Bo a good girl and Uek every platter yen can, remembering the slogan: 'Uek a platter and help lick the Axis!" ?_ . fiki Dear Jonesy: I have been wellbred, but am by nature a rebel. All my life I have picked up most bones with my Oxy gen, and fought it out on that lino if it took all summer. Lately I havo been grabbing up the main bone in the steak, gnawing the edges to a fare-thee-well. I have been widely criticized. Is there any way you could back me up more substantial ly than by a mere statement of pol icy? J.B.J. Dear Mr. J.B.J.: The government Is considering the adoption at a small tag for distin guished hens picking. Any person picking bones in a resolute manner without regard for criticism or op position win bo eligible. In the meantime, keep picking away. Penicillin, Latest Triumph of Medical Research, Marks Another Long Step Toward Distant Goali 'Magic' Germ Killer Was Discovered by Fortunate Accident By AL JEDUCKA Released by Western Newspaper Union. It is back in 1929. Prof. Alexander Fleming of London discovers that a mold growing in a container which he is using in research has killed certain germs. Although Pro fessor Fleming does not enter into a thorough investigation of the phenomenon, he takes the time to make a note of it, sug gesting that maybe the mold could destroy germs in human infections. Other English scientists go to work on the mold and in 1940 And it ef fective in human treatment. Penicil lin, the magic drug, has been dis covered, and like so many great other discoveries, by chance. Penicillin is not the greatest nor the final discovery in medicine, but it is the latest and among the most effective, momentarily climaxing medicine's long, steady march for ward on the path of alleviating man's pain. Sought by king and commoner alike, penicillin has proven its use fulness in the treatment of strepto coccus pyogenes, a germ that causes pus and promotes diseases like sep tic sore throat, childbed fever and erysipelas; of staphylococcus au reus, another puf-forming germ found in boils and in Infections of the bone; of the pneumonia and diph theria germs; of the organisms that cause gonorrhea, gas gangrene, meningitis and syphilis. In Chicago's modern Museum of Science and Industry at the foot of Lake Michigan in Jackson Park, Dr. Milan Novak, head of the depart ment of bacteriology and public health of University of Illinois col lege of medicine, has established a public exhibit demonstrating the processes in pie present produc tion of penicillin. The penicillin exhibit is Just one of many in the museum's medical section, which is under direction of Dr. E. J. Carey, dean of the Mar quette university medical school, Milwaukee, Wis. In this section, we are given a graphic picture of man's gradual development of curative remedies from the early uses of vegetable and mineral substances. Seven Benefactors. One exhibit pictures seven great men and their works which have given mankind boundless relief from its physical illnesses: Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-*86), who discovered chlorine, the constit uent of common compounds like i salt; tartaric acids, which make fruits taste sour; manganese, the metallic element necessary for plant development, and oxygen, the most universal of all elements. Pelletier and Caventou, who in 1820 extracted quinine, the active medicinal constituent of cinchona, the wrinkled brown bark found by the Spaniards in Peru in 1630, and most effective in treating malaria. Louis Jacques Thenard (1777-1857) who found boric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Frederick Belding Powder (1853 1927), who worked on development of oil of peppermint and wintergreen, and also oil of chaulmoogra, a Prof. Alexander Fleming, discoverer of penicillin, ie shown wKh a bottle .holding cultures of penieillium notation, as he converses with two visiting Turkish doctors in his London laboratory, where he made the remarkable experiments. > 9 source of certain chemical com pounds for use in treating leprosy. Bernard Courtois (1777-1838), who isolated iodine in 1811, when he ob served that washings from seaweed ashei gave off purple vapors when treated with sulphuric acid, and then turned into crystals which con tained the element, now so useful in medicine. ? Antoine BOard (1802-'78), who dis covered"'bromine in 1828. Moderns as well as oldsters find the museum's replica of the 19th century American apothecary shop an interesting contrast to the pres ent, streamlined drug store. To say the least, the old apothe cary shop ranked as a colorful spec tacle as well as a popular medicinal center, what with its big, square Jars of black zingiber, white zinc sulphide, reddish tincture of serpent and gold spirits odoratus. Drawers contained emery, talcum, manna, creta and iris. Of interest is the 19th century doc tor's bulky, varnished medicine case which he carried in his saddlebag as he made his rounds through the country. In the case, one can find quinine, turkey rhubarb, essence of peppermint. Are of magnesia, es sence of ginger and tincture of orange peel. On the counter of the apothecary shop stands a box of herbal smoking mixture for cure of catarrh, bron chitis, asthma, hay fever, lung dis ease, coughs, hoarseness, ulcerated throat and all pulmonary com plaints, the customer merely being asked to smoke and inhale it. Hard by the replica of the old apothecary shop, we find a drug exhibit depicting 19th century medi cinal advances, from the discovery of alkaloids in 1816 to the develop ment of hormones for treatment of glandular deficiencies in 1901, srttb the introduction of coal-tar synthetic drugs in 1984 and thyroxin in 1893 grouped between. The 'Magle' Drag. The climatic and currently most interesting exhibit, of course, is thd one dealing with the growth of peni cillin, from a mold to ? refined liquid containing the drug which aV HH 1 ready has become an awesome, magical byword. * Step by step, the exhibit dem onstrates the processes of producing penicillin: * m First, there's the stock culture,' with a mold similar to but not iden tical with green molds found on fruits or cheese, shown growing on jell-like base containing sugar. Second, the spores (seeds) from the stock culture are transferred to a nutrient solution containing sugar, and they germinate into white wool ly plants. In three days, the mold covers the surface of the liquid. This mold creates penicillin, which collects in the nutrient but nek in the mold plants. , Third, as the mold plants mature, their color changes from white to gray-green because of the develop ment of numerous spores (seeds). At this stage, the solution contains a maximum amount of penicillin and the culture is ready for collection. If allowed to become too old, the penicillin in the liquid loses some of its strength. Fourth, the first step in collecting the penicillin is to remove the mold growth from the liquid ity filtration, since the plant itself contains none of the drug. The liquid thus filtered possesses small amounts of penicil lin. An elaborate process of ex traction and absorption is used to concentrate and remove the penicil lin from the liquid. Fifth, the purification process re moves objectionable substances. If left in its yellow-brown solution form, penicillin loses some of its strength, but is relatively stable as a powder, into which it is canvertod by commercial product?ti|KL When penicillin is uMb^lSdtod' into a patient, it da dissolved. A hypodermic syrtaanp used for in tramuscular i jJMBder and if intra venous injectable dasired, a blood transfusion apparatus is used. Penicillin must be tested regular ly for strength. In the cup <"?'W melted agar is uniformly inoculated with teat bacteria, wbie|t cannot grow in the presence of penicillin, and is placed in a round dish to solidify. Small glass cylinders are put in the solidified agar and filled with a penicillin solution, which then seeps outward into the infected moid. The teat bacteria grow and cloud the agar, except where their growth Is stopped by (he penicillin. The size of the clear zone is pro portional to the strength of the pen icillin. If penicillin is hard to get,"it's be cause its production is limited by its growth. Fbam a large batch of the nutrient dblatioa only a relative ly small amount of penicillin is ob tainable. As yet no synthetic method to produce the drug on a mass-scale has bean developed, and irntfl some such process is installed, the civ ilians' share wfll be strictly de termined by the military and naval Tha ftrat time tha rare drug waa arer nlwiii far eMIUa aaa ?u la tha ox af Patricia Malaaa, twa-yeer aid New Tat* eHy dr|, wfea math paaMUaTa halt tha Maaaaa, when iWali| ta by a Nat? Urk
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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April 13, 1944, edition 1
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