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The Alamance gleaner ? _ - - - .. i ? ??????????^ Vol LXX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JUNE 29, 1944 No. 21 - - 1 ^???? WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Yanks Advance on Two Fronts As German Resistance Stiffens; B-29s Blast Steel Mills in Japan R*te?Md by WtaUrn Newspaper Union. ^ (KDlTOft'B KOTli fkn ?p(aiMa u* tiwwil la tkm ??luua, tkmy Nwe af VMUn HtwtMHr UbIbb'b ??? ualr?U Ml Ml BMMMfllf af 1Mb ) Top American military leaden are pictured during their visit to the Normandy beachhead. Lett to right: facing camera, Adm. Ernest J. Stag, commander in chief of the United States fleet; Gen. George C. Marshall, chief of staff of the army; Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme Allied commander, and Bear Adm. Alan G. Kirk. ??? -/ ? THE INVASION: Steady Progress Supported by the greatest air fleets in battle history, Allied forces continued to expand their beachhead area in Normandy in the face of stiffening resistance on many fronts. V. 8. forest to the northeast of Cherbourg surged past Montebourg, which was sti'J befhg contested, and captured QuinevjUe on the east coast Of the Cherbourg peninsula. Hammering to the west across the peninsula on a 10-mile front, the Tanks met- stiff resistance from crack grenadiers of the fifth Ger man tank division thrown into the Normandy fighting. A communique from General Eis enhower's headquarters said that steady progress had been made west at Csrrtiten across the base of the Cherbourg peninsula. and between, the Kile and Vire rivers toward St. lea, Key junction 15 miles southeast at Carentan. _ "t- _ Battle Westward All along aJg^nlle front, units ;of the American Fourth division and tbe nth Air-Borne division were bat tling westward against strong resist ance In a drive to pinch off the penin sula, and with it the prize port of Cherbourg. Nazi Field Marshal Erwin Rom mel had thrown approximately 700 tan^ intq the fighting on the eastern sector and appeared, to be using far more infantry than the German command intended to use for the defense of one comparatively small section of the invasion coast. Despite early successes on the in vasion front, a -word of warning came from Secretary of War Stim aon who said that Allied troops in Normandy soon must face fiercer counter-blows "than any we have ever met." At the same time he predicted they would smash ahead until France is liberated and Ger many cruihed. While the troops on the Normandy coast were fighting off the German countey-iattedts Mt land, residents of England itself were dealt.p serious ' taatosnvaaion blow" when a fan tastic stream of pilot!ess Nazi bomb ers rained fire and explosives across the island. This was Hitler's long awaited "secret weapon" and no attempt was made by the British au thorities to minimize the effective ness of theee.robot, radio-controlled bombing plane attacks. CONV^TIONS: ?_ /"?L ? in As the advance guard of the Re publican party convention delegates began arriving in Chicago, political dopestera had all but awarded the Presidential nomination to Gov. Iliomaa E. Dewey of New York, but friends of Gov. John W. Bricker of Ohio would not let their candidate be counted out without a battle. They said that the contest fpr the nomination would go to the conven tion floor. Bricker sources could not see a ?rat-ballot victory for Dewey. How ever, the New York governor en tered the convention with more dele gates actually pledged to him than an other candidate, including Gov ernor Bricker. Officials in charge of arrahge onants Jer the Chicago meeting re eeefcd that the candidate salaried would probably make his acceptance speech from the convention floor on the day -after his Domination. Meanwhile the Democrats an nounced that Gov. Robert S. Kerr af Oklahoma would keynote their oeavsntiou scheduled for July 19, aim in Chicago. PACIFIC: Action Here, Too C. S. citizens got a breath-taking indication of the mighty striking power of their vast armed forces when within ten days of the Euro pean D-Day, terrific blows were dealt the Japanese on the opposite side of the globe. Day before the jiew Suflgr-Flying. Fortresses bombed Japan proper, a powerful navy sea and air force blasted the outer defenses of the is land atf Saipen in the Marianas to prepare the way fog the landing of American troopC on that strategic Jap base only 1,500 miles southeast' of Tokyo. To wrest Sal pan from the Japa nese, Americans had a Job which eqtnbined the worst factors of Ta rawa and Guaiialoahal. For like at Tatawa they had to land over a well-defended oatal reef and like pn> Guadalcanal, the Jap had himaelf wen entrenched in good fortified po sitions which extended all the way across that jungle island. When the beachhead on Saipan was estab lished there was Still a long way .to go but word from Adm. Chester W. Nimitz' headquarters indicated that the Yanks were advancing. Initial reports listed moderate cas ualties while the official bulletin re vealed that: "Virtually all heavy coastal and anti-aircraft batteries on the island were knocked out by naval gun fire and bombing." While .these no longer worried the Americans, they knew their test would come in the inner jungles as they faced the Jap artillery, mortar and machine gun fire. P K> ?_? ouper r\aia From secret bases in China, not from an aircraft carrier this time, American planes dealt Japan proper a smashing air blow, when a squad ron of the new Super Flying For tresses bombed Japan's homeland. Tokyo radio said industrial areas of Moji and Shimonoseki were hit. Only a dribble of official news came from American sources on the mid but announcement^ aerial task force attack of the giant B-29's in dicated that they flew from the Chi na-Burma-India theater land .bases. This raid also reveal ed the for mation of a new air force, the 20th, which would serve the United Na tions cause as a roving, globe-cir cling task force much like a naval fleet. This air arm will not confine itself to attacks on Japan but is "able to participate in combined op erations, or to be assigned to strike wherever the need is greatest." Before any official announcment of the targets was made by the army, a report in congressional cir cle* hinted that Tokyo itself was ofty of die main objectives. ITALY: Alli+A Driiio Cnntinn^m German defenses on a broad front SO to 80 miles above Rome were shattered when Allied Fifth and Eighth army troops drove north in a plunge which netted them hun dreds of prisoners. German resistance had cracked all the way from the Tyrrhenian sea coast around the northern end of Lake Bolsena and down to Tend, 70 miles east of the Allied advance coaital columns. The enemy was in full retreat from the- entire Adriatic shctor. Their retreat was so fast that speedy Eighth army flying columns were unable to contact Nazi rear guards. Even fresh German re inforcements, hastened from the north to halt the Allied advance, were routed after joining the Nazi 14th army in a furious three day battle. PRICE CONTROL: Parity for Farmers Under terms at ths bill extending the price control machinery of OPA as passed by the House, processors who fail to pay a parity price for any farm commodity would be allowed to charge only 90 per cent of the OPA ceiling for the finished article. (Pority is a pricm calculated to aula form purchasing posoor oqual to tkot proooiling from 1909 to 1914). Farm leaders had the support of the administration in putting through the measure in this form after the controversial cotton ceil ing adjustment provision had been knocked out of the bill as passed by the senate. This cotton provision and the parity issue were the main prob lems between the house and senate 1 conferences. Once in the President's hands the bill still faced the threat of a veto because of amendment to it which would throw all OPA regulations open for legal tests in the regular federal district courts. WOUNDED YANKS: Death Rate Cut Of every 100 American soldier* wounded in battle, 97 are saved, ac cording to Maj. Gen. Norman Kirk, surgeon-general of the U. S. army. The navy has an equally impressive record. In World War I the death rate of the wounded was 8 per cent Now it is less than 3 per cent Abdominal injuries are among those most often fatal, resulting in death in 29 per cent of the cases. This, however, is a great improve ment over 25 years ago, when 90 per cent died. Penetrating chest wounds are now fatal in less than 29 per ceatqCcaaefe.wfcileJo.the first World war more than half the men so wounded succumbed. A still great er advance has bean made in treat ment of head wounds. Now only 4 per cent die, as compared with 14 per cent in the last war. Umberto of Italy doeeap of Crown Prince Umberto of Italy token after all Italian pow en had been rested In him by his father. King Victor Emmanuel, who abdicated after tho Allies had taken Borne. PROGRESS: In Bond Drive Treasury officials announced that in the first two days of the Fifth War Loan drive, individual buyers purchased almost a half-billion dol lars worth of bonds. Goal for indi vidual baying in this drive is si* billion (Mars. At the same time the treasury translated bond purchases into equipment various s)ims would pur chase for the army and navy. Bonds bou#it now will pay for more and better equipment than a year ago. For example: A heavy bomber, listed at tpOO, 000 last year, is now available for tBO.OM. A fighter plane costs $90,000 as compared to $190,000 a year ago. fitfAim CP A tCTI A T . At Pearl Harbor A second Pearl Harbor scan dal, revealing neglect and delay In the army's defense preparations prior to the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, haa been re ported to congress by a house subcommittee on military affairs. Responsibility was pinned direct ly upon CoL Theodore Wyman Jr., district army engineer at Honolulu. Hans Wilhelm Rohl, California con tractor, who sought naturalization in 1941, 28 years after coming to the U. S from Germany, was named as Colonel Wyman's collabora tor. The report stated that Wyman constantly discriminated in award ing $128,000,000 in contracts to Kohl's Arm. Rohl was to hare built a permanent aircraft warning sys tem. The contract was let on Decem ber 7, 1940. Rohl was to complete the Job in six months. One year later the Job was only partially com pleted. The subcommittee reported that the approach of Japanese planes would have been detected if the system had been operating. Colonel Wyman and Rohl were frequently companions on wild drinking parties, the report stated. papermen's (hop-talk includes the alleged reasons for the unpopularity of Da Gaulle in certain high political place*. One statesman said: "He is arrogant, hard to get along with, stufiy." . . . Another revealed that De Gaulle "likes to make an en trance" (especially in swanky hotel dining rooms; when a trumpeter too-too ties his approach with some ta-da, dee-da, dah, dee, da, dahing). This got on the nerves of Allied big shots. It is said Mr. Willkie will certify to the last item. . . . De Gaulle is called "the bride" when Roosevelt discusses him with Churchill via trans-Atlantic phone .. . Once FDR asked the Prime Min ister: "How's the brideT" . . . "All right," Mr. C. is said to have answered, "but I am having trouble with the groom I" . . . Meaning Gir aud. . . Americans and others should not forget De Gaulle was the first to yell: "We W01 Fight!" The Sqaeleh Proper: Radio Har ris relays the one about the feud between Jane Cowl and Philip M(ri vals whan they appeared in 'The Road to Rome" hit. Their quarrel ing finally aroused director Lester Lonergan, who succinctly said: "I Just want to remind you, Mlse Cowl, that the billing on this play is Jane Cowl and Philip Meriveie, not Jane Cowl vs. Philip Marl vale." Oop: Recently a Nasi prisoner of Camp Crowder. Ha learned the location of the camp's supply ware house and got there without being detected. Ha broke in, shed his PW uniform, put on an American uni form-that draped him. perfectly. But then he tnade- the- boner- resulting 'in his capture. Hunting through a stack ot hats ha put one on that fit him. Then he stepped out across the camp grounds and was seised almost at OBCC. ', Ha had on the' hat of a WAC. Chick: It happened before Su preme Court Justice Aaron J. Levy. The man before him said: "I would like to change my name. It's been a source of great embarrassment to me." "What is your nameT" asked Hiz zoner. "Levy," said the fellow. "Rsrely in the life of any jurist," was the caustic retort, "comes there a motion which he can grant with such pleasure." \ __________ Sbawt-shawt: Returned bomber pilots have a favorite story not new to some of us on the papers. It deals with the U. S. bomber crew flying over Switzerland, which was hailed via radio by the ground crew of a Swisu anti-aircraft battery. "This is neutral territory. Get away or we'll ? open Are." "Yes, we know," replied the Yanlis, to which the guns ack-acked. "Hey," radioed the Americans, "your shells are exploding 1,000 yirdi btiow us." "Yes," warthe reply, "we know." Nirwspapermaa Staff: Editor and Publisher reports that Lowell Mel la tt (who recently quit his post as ass't to the President to do a syndi cated column) has just been granted a Si raise by the St. Louis Post Dispatch?a raise be requested 40 years ago. At that time, Mellett asked his managing editor for the pay-hike and when turned down he quit. The P-D waa among the first to buy his colyum. It pays him the wage he got when a reporter. As a matter of principle, Mel lett asked the present editor to pay $9 extra. Be got this reply: "Okay. Sorry you had to wait so long for tt" Merciless Troth: John Ersklna re o*Us a college dean who uaed to say you couldn't tench a man mathe matics if there was a girl in the roan, or if you could, he wouldn't be worth teaching. Hehpheh: The editor of This Week convulsed the column with the one about the sentry who beard a noise and called out: "Who goes there?" A voice from the darkness answered: "Lieut. Jones. Let me through." "I can't let you proceed, air, with out the peeewocd," said the sentry. "Ob. for goodness gakes." said the officer, "you know mo wall enough. Let me through." "No can do," eras the retort, "gotta have the password, sir." Just then a bored-with-it-all nei ther in the nitarby guardhouse yelled. "Oh, don't stand there argu ing all night?shoot him." Boom in Farm Prices and Rapid Turnover Prompts Fears Collapse Will Follow Peace Memory of Drop After World War I Still Is Vivid to Many Farmers Whan GI Joe comes back to his farm home from the war he may find a lot of new faces around the neighborhood. And he may miss a lot of the old familiar ones. The family up the road may have moved bag and baggage to Oregon. A new owner mav be tilling the bottom lands on the back eighty. Rural America is on the move. Farmers, like their city cousins, have been shifting their base of op erations at an ever-increasing tem po in the months since Pearl Har bor. More farms are changing hands this year than at any time in the past generetien. They are changing for scores of reasons, but back of almost every sale is the chance to strike pay dirt?to realize a profit on the old homestead. Many farm folks are frankly con cerned over this trend. They are troubled not so much about the mi gration as they are about the steady increase in farm real estate transac tions. They fear that the long threat ened land Inflation U under way. And they are asking themselves: "WiH the old cycle of boom and bust be repeated?" Every previous war has brought its own land boom that left a wreck age of deflation behind. The cot lapse of the speculative era follow tag World Wir I is painfully fresh in the memory of many a farmer. symptoms art already evident Bug getting that history could repeat it self in World War n, unless brakes are applied to the fast-moving up surge in farm land buying. For Instance, land values have ris en 38 per cent above their 1933-39 average and are already up to 100 . per cent of their pre-World War t levels. Farm sales during 1943 were at a record volume, surpassing even the previous high reached in 1919. Sales in 1944 are forging ahead of last year's record. Plenty af Money Floating. Three factors are believed to be immediately responsible for the urge to acquire additional holdings: 1?Beth farmers and nonfarmers have large and Increasing funds available tar land purchase, t?Present Ugh Ins erne and the reey pcaspect ad mere la same make the purchase ef farms seem especially attractive net only te farmers bat city-dwellers as well. I?Leng term credit at lew Interest rates aaakes It easy te acquire land. Speaking of income, nearly 10 bil lion dollars?819,734,300,000 to be ex act?flowed into farmers' pockets from the 1943 bumper harvest Last year's total was more than four times the low-ebb depression Income of bUHon dollars in Un. It was about 83,730,000,009 in auceas of the including taxes, interest wages for labor, machinery ana other Items are deducted, farmers were left with ? spendable income (hat was al ma* double that of IBM Mean while, (he cs?$ of living had ad vanced only one-fourth. U. 8. department of commerce estimates at individual savings indi cate an increase at 74 billion dol lars tor 1M0 to It bUion dollars for 1B43. A very large pert of these savings is in highly liquid assets at currency and bank deposits. Whenever an industry dnaa as-well as farming has done, there In a ten dency to speculate. Than already in the business seek t# eapend their operations. Others seek to get in en the good thing. And thus a spiral tng boom can be bora. In the mldwestera area, compris ing the Seventh Federal Reserve district, for instance, which may be > considered fairly representative, it is estimated that farm land prices have risen about 17 per cent be tween April, IMS, and April, 1M4. From the beginning of the year until April 1, the advance has been about S per cent. The increases have been largest in Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, in which states the per cent of pur chases by city investors was larg est, being 30 to 37 per cent of all sales. It is true that farmers have been using much of their larger incomes to buy bonds and to pay off debts. The steadily decreasing volume of farm mortgage debt is evidence of this trend. But now reports indi cate that heavier debts are fre quently being assumed when farms are bought. This is especially true of tenants who are buying on con tract or with relatively small down payments. All Bora of Bayer*. Survey* by county bank* indicate that all type* of farm buyer* at* now in the market. Tenant* ar* acquiring their own farm*. Owner* are expanding their preient unit* or are taking on additional acreage, perhaps for son* now in the service. Xven large commercial farms in some instance* are changing hand* at Increasing price*. Local busi ness and professional people and ctty investors beat on h~lg,K against inflation or higher income taxes are buying land. War plant workers, too, are making purchases, expecting to turn to terming when their munitions Job* are ended. All these condition* are reminis cent at what occurred in World War L for that too, *ras a story of agri cultural upsurge. Farm inoom* rose from ? billions in 1914 to 14Vfc billions in 1919. High prices and a ready market tor agricultural prod ucts, plua eaay credit (acilitiea, en couraged farmers to bid up land prices. Farms were bought on specula tion with the expectation of a quick sale at a profit. Land values were Inflated from an average of 940 an acre In 1914 to 970 in 1930. Within those six years farm real estate rose in total value from 39 tt billion dollars to 06 billions. The sequel was a history-making crash. Land prices fell from an average of 970 an acre to 938. lfore than a third of the nation's six mil lion farms were foreclosed by the end of the depression. All farm land and buildings declined in value from 66 billion to 31 billion. It is natural that people today fear that the same thing will happen all over again. As a result some agricultural ltader* already are urging legislative controls. Some of these are drastic, some milder. Pro posals range all the way from re striction of land-owning privileges in some cases to credit control and heavy federal capital gains taxes. Lest the remedies be as fatal as the disease they are designed to cure, however, farmers were re cently urged by Ray Yarneil, editor of Capper's Farmer, to look care fully into these proposals, their Im plications and what else may be proposed in the future before en dorsing them. "The land boom at the first World war and its awful consequences throughout 39 years havtfbeen cred ited by some to unwise land owner ship policies," he declared "Up swings of prices with thd second World wer have engsnderwd: the fear that another boom was. in me mak ing and that its consequences Would be the same as the first. .? "Buyers have been warned re peatedly. Still, reports of advanc ing prices multiply. Some belief holds that voluntary action would be ineffective. So legislated reme dies are proposed." Most drastic proposal 1$ the per mit system advocated by William G. Murray of Iowa and other*: It would require a prospective purchaser to appear before s board sad show reason why he should be allowed to buy a farm. If the board found him an unfit person to own land, or didnt Ilka his attitude, it apparently could turn him down. Ho permit would be awarded before the land had been appraised. Another proposal la cradtt control. Vtrat provision la Oat no tana should excead SO par oast at tba ralua of tha land. Presumably Tal us would ba established by apprais legislated, and' l^migh? Pra sumably, also, laadhtf agendas would aitahlta ? policy ito rafusing to land to man wfco paid tag prices. An approach to (htolsAwady in tt^andtaoSeeioeLtatatawa from paying too'mucb'eaJtSni bor rowing too much at ft* piitffhaaa price. But t$gy dotft BKfar co? trOl orar folk* who Ira prepared to pay cagh, o?<*e prbrltS taiay lend a* Wtto is emihg to tifta a tag ehanea tar actt* lgii|l rgta. or tha aamar whs c*> teaace Ma awn ?>k. tfildast of the** proposal* I* to Impose a stiff fadaral am gains tax. Such a Mil mi pui bo far* congress by Suitor Otftette at Iowa. It ta n?at epsouUtm a by providing a tax fSMjtofcf to W per cent of the profits if at is resold befora ths tad of two jraara. Each year theraaftar the ttx would be decreased ipltp the slid of six ?*? years, when none would be Isvisd. There is no doubt as to (be class of transactions which the legislation is "" intended to curb- But would a farm er who was obliged to sell within the limits specified be subject to the tax? All the schemes thus far advanced seem to be pointed toward heaping the buyer from making a tool of him self, but of course every sale must have two parties. So the man who wants to quit farming; the man who wants to retire on proceeds from sals of his land; the fellow who wants to ten and move elsewhere; the widow who has been hamgtng on until she can get the family equity out intact; the now operator who is sick of wrangling with ten ants and who has been longing tor the time when ha can get ofit and save his shirt?all these welcome the upturn of prices. Now Iota of farmers who hdve no desire to sell, who think their trou bles are caused by talks they don't believe should be allowed to own land, applaud these propolala. And they may be right, but it arm be well to look into them, their impli cations, what also may be proposed in the future before endorsing tbsm. This country can hove control of land sales and pvrchaaa in two whys. First by doing nothing; sec ond by whooping it Up tor the pro posals. Farmers wffl be more vital ly affected than any other group. If they want a Federal agency em powered to say who mayojm land, they can have it. If they dent care, they can have It anyway. Forces sponsoring the change in land policy will ssa to that But if farmers don't want It, they may bn able to forestall It by protest. Midwestern Land Prices Climb 18% in Year RiM mi prtCM of form ^ - fig Ja lk& CaumiL41"J* kjikjb in mt mtwiiii . ? iwiwi nWnr? wwno, w?a which NKwdii lowc^ |/u WUMMIMO lii aL| Jfc Ma 101 ? ? 11 wmw " ftconun, fwcnigon, and norRiom porH of Indian* and iNinoii *i r I OO. I fan. I A#rl I. I?!m j Bankers Say Land Is Selling Above Normal "Batter" tend* "Poorer" lands Par oant ' Par cant Praa ptsasut Praa- peasant ant "Normal" above apt "Normal" abara STAT* Taluaa vahiaa "aOrmal" vahias valusa "normal" Illinois . . $202 $124 83% $100 . $62 81% Indians .. 143 88 63% 72 47 63% Iowa ... 160 118 46% 81 $8 40% Michigan . 107 79 46% 51 46 46% Wisconsin . 106 82 46% 61 49 41% 7th District . 193 103 49% 76 61 48%
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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June 29, 1944, edition 1
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