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The Alamance Gleaner ? "I iroL LXX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 3, 1944 No. 26 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Reports of Revolt in Germany Follow Bomb Attack on Hitler; Yank Forces Push Guam Drive ? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ???????1 (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these eelnmos, they are these et Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily ef this newspaper.) Daring battle on Saipan island in Pacific, U. S. marines fight way through burning streets of Garapan. ummmmmmmammmammmmmmmBmM British forces clean out Nazi snipers on outskirts of Caen. DEMOCRATS: 1944 Platform Declaring that their platform really was Franklin D. Roosevelt himself, the Democrats meeting in Chicago for their national conven tion renominated the President for a fourth* term, and called for the continuance of New Deal domestic policies and the creation of a world organization to preserve peace through use of force if necessary. For agriculture, the Democrata pledged price guarantees and crop insurance, and declared their ob jective to be to keep it on a parity with industry and labor; extend rural electrification and develop broader domestic and foreign mar keti far firm nrodniti. Far the postwar period, the Demo cratic platform asked compensation for workers during demobilization, reduction or repeal of wartime taxes and simplification of the tax structure, and encouragement of risk capital and new enterprise. Besides U. S. participation in an organisation to keep world peace, the party's foreign relations plat form called for extension of the ad saisjstration's trade policies, and re afbmation in the principles of the JUfaatie Charter. PACIFIC: Jap Shakeup With the invasion of Guam, U. S. forces took one step closer to the Japanese and Asiatic mainland, even as the enemy reorganized his government at home with the fall of Premier Hediki Tojo and his cabi net In reorganizing the government mider leadership of two confirmed militarists and advocates of Japa nese expansion southward, official Tokio declared that the objective was to give the civilian element greater participation in the general war effort, heretofore controlled by Tojo and the army clique. ? Despite their belief in Jap expan sion, the new leaders have been noted for their disposition to ac complish it without interference with Allied interests, and some quarters suspected that their ap pointment might be an intimation of d friendly enemy approach to the U. S. U. S. forces streamed into rocky, desolate Guam to retake one of the first American possessions seized by the Japs after Pearl Harbor, follow ing 17 days of heavy naval and aerial bombardment, which came on the heels of occupation of Saipan island in the Marianas. FARM VALUES: No Spree Although good returns on heavy volume have stimulated agriculture daring World War H and led to a brisk turnover in farm lands at in creasing values, no runaway credit extension has marked the realty With operators purchasing two thirds of the record number of farms sold in 1943, 51 per cent of the trans actions were for cash, and most of the remainder involved larse cash down payments. Because (arm land values were about 75 per cent of the 191l-'14 level when the war broke out, they are still about 50 to 60 per cent below the inflated prices of 1920 de spite their steady rise, although the average rise in value has been about 37 per cent, increases have totaled as much as 53 per cent. Inflated values above real earn ing possibilities in some localities haa hindered the Farm Security ad ministration's tenant purchasing gsngram. EUROPE: Stubborn Foe Allied forces continued to slug for ward in Normandy, gaining ground by the yard in the face of stubborn German do-or-die resistance all along the curving front. Fighting was intense both on the western end of the front where U. S. forces pressed forward against the enemy holding out behind the cover of the tall, thick hedgerows checkering the countryside, and on the eastern end where British ar mored columns broke through the foe's formations in the open plains. With about 75,000 men facing the British in this sector, Nazi Marshall Rommel attempted to curtail the Allied drive by sharp counter attacks. British forces exerted the heaviest pressure in recent fighting because the open country allowed use of their armored equipment behind ter rific artillery barrages. Bad weather continued to hamper full scale operations of the Allied air force, both in support tactics and bombard ment of enemy communications be hind the lines. Internal Revolt With the Allies pressing in on all sides, Hitler is faced with in ternal revolt within Germany, with the Nazis reporting that a clique of army officers sought to establish a new government and prepare the groundwork for surrender. Climax of the sensational plot was the attempted assassination of Hitler with a bomb, which exploded with in 6 feet of him, causing him slight injury and more seriously hurting 13 of his aides. Wrttnna ourifflv fn ntt?ll th? rpvnlt which reportedly had the support of high ranking army officers, the Nazis executed several of the ring leaders and designated Gestapo Chief Heinrich Himmler as com mander within Germany to suppress the uprising. Rebels' plans reported ly called for seizure of control of the country through military units. Addressing the German people over the radio after the attempt on his life. Hitler roared: "... I am convinced that by stamping out this very small clique of traitors ... we will now at last create that atmos phere in the rear at home which the fighting front needs. . . ." Russ Advance Russian armies continued to exert the strongest pressure on the east ern front, continuing their drive on East Prussia in the north and roll ing deeper into Poland farther to the south. As the Russians pressed the Ger mans on the east. Allied troops moved against the Nazis' vaunted "Gothic line" in northern Italy, with an easing of their problems of supply promised with the capture and hasty repair of the western sea port of Livorno, through which 17,900 tons of shipping can be cleared daily. With German resistance stiffening around East Prussia, the Russians swung the brunt of their attack fur ther southward in Poland, outflank ing the big industrial city of Lwow and fanning out on the open plains below Warsaw. The Russian break throughs continued to force the Ger mans to pull back to prevent en circlement from the rear. , WORLD BANK: Stability Sought Seeking to stabilize the internal conditions of countries and minimize possibilities for unrest in the post war world, 44 allied nations came to agreement on raisng an $8,800, 000,000 fund, whch would be used to make currencies available to indi vidual states for settling trade bal ances. At the same time, the nations moved to agreement on a $10,000, 000,000 world bank, which would ex tend $2,000,000,000 in long-term loans to different countries for re construction and development, use the other $8,000,000,000 to guarantee similar loans made by private in vestors. With U. S. participation in the two projects dependent upon congres sional approval, the U. S. share in the $8,800,000,000 fund would be $2, 750,000,000, and its contribution to the $10,000,000,000 world bank would be about $3,000,000,000. BEEF: July High Because of smaller shipments and stiffening market competition, prime long-fed steers came into increasing demand, with buyers at the Chicago yards paying $17.65 per hundred weight for choice cattle, the highest price for July since 1919, and peak for any month since April. 1943. This year's July top compared with $17.10 paid in 1943; $15.83 in 1942, and $13 in 1941. Highest July sale on record was the $18.75 in 1918. The majority of steers and year lings also shared in the price ad vance, with top heifers rising to $17.35 to equal the highest July sale on record, and the best return since August, 1920. GI READING: Politics Permitted Even as the army expanded the list of magazines permitted to cir culate among GIs to 189, Sen. Robert Taft (Ohio) pressed for a relaxation of regulations designed to curb the distribution of political lit erature in the services. -Declaring that an amendment to the Hatch act only forbid the cir culation of government printed ma terial to soldiers, Taft said it did not prevent the transmission of any political literature to troops if sent by individuals, corporations or poli tical parties at their own expense. In expanding the list of magazines whigh might circulate among GIs regardless of the political material they may possess, the army said it based its action on studies of sol diers' reading habits abroad and purchases at posts at home. i Home Front TnKanon Because cigarette manufacturers have only about one year's stocks of tobacco on hand, and a recent War Food administration order restricted their purchase of 1944 flue-cured tobacco for aging to 7V per cent of the amount they processed last year, smokers may continue to feel the pinch of short supplies. Iron Ore During the first six months of 1944, lower Great Lakes blast furnaces consumed 44,294,324 tons of Iron ore, approximately 198,494 tons more than the pre vious record set last year. As of July 1, stock piles on U. 8. and Canadian docks totaled 28, 995,414 tons, about 559,999 more than at the same date in 1943. Oil U. 8. oil production soared to 4, 642,354 barrels a day during the week ended July 15, Increasing about 599,999 over the same period last year. As of the same date, gas stocks stood at S2,252,949 barrels compared with 75,391,999 in 1941. RAIL FINANCE: Big Deal |n one of the railroads' biggest financing deals in years, the Great Northern considered plans for call ing in 8119,887,700 of bonds and notes, to further cut fixed interest charges to about 810,000,000 yearly, compared with 812.506,178 in 1943 and an average of $18,194,070 for the 1921-'31 period. Under the Great Northern'* tenta- I tive proposal, it would cover the redemption with the issuance of $100,000,000 of new general mortgage : bonds, and the remainder from : funds from its treasury. About ! $4,000,000 wotdd be paid in premiums for calling in the old bonds and notes before maturity. With the completion of the new financing, the Great Northern would then have an outstanding bonded debt of approximately $340,000,000, besides an additional amount of equipment trust certificates and con ditional sales obligations. <. in iilmm The Private Papert . Of a Cub Reporter A visiting movie itir was asked which man she would enjoy meeting most ... To the amazement of the interviewers, she said: "Albert Ein stein" . . . The noted scientist was lecturing in Manhattan and he agreed to see her . . . With the scribes scribing and the flashlight bulbs bulbing, the star in an awed voice said, "It's a thrill to think that I am talking to the one man who knows more about the stars than any other living person." "Not quite," replied Einstein. "No one can predict what a star will do to get her name in the papers." They tell the one about the colo nel, speaking at a dinner in his hon or before embarking for Africa . . . "I thank you," he concluded, "for your kind wishes regarding my wel fare, and I want you to know that when I am far away, surrounded by ugly, grinning savages, I shall al ways think of you." Jackie Coogaa, recently back from paratrooping in Burma and India, said that his Burma Glider group landed near a small tribal village 150 miles back of the Jap lines . . . Having the assignment to construct an airport in less than 12 hours, Coogan called over a Thugee (na tive chief) and asked that he parade the villagers that be wished to re cruit as workers. Hundreds of them were girls wearing very little. One, however, was better groomed than the others . . . Draped to her ankles was a huge towel with the words: "May flower Hotel, Washington, D. C." At an airport the other day, a de jected sailor sat waiting for hours. He appeared so depressed a sym pathetic bystander asked him what the trouble was ... He said he had just come in from the South Pa cific for a four-day furloaf. His home was an hour and a. half *hway by air ... He had just been put off one plane in favor of a higher pri ority ... He hadn't been home in two years. His father had died in the meantime, and every hour now seemed an eternity . . . But what really got him down, he added, was that two planes had left for his home burg but couldn't find room for him ?despite the fact that the last per son to board the plane was a civilian ?carrying a golf bag! mien Norway wai invaded civil ian Germane fled Sweden because they expected that country to be invaded next ... A German who had been buying up dollars at halt the price took a train one night from Stockholm. His suitcase contained about one million dollars in small and large bills ... He knew he could not get by Swedish customs with it. and that even if he did, the Gestapo would catch up with him in Germany . . . Not long after mid night the train stopped at a small station. The German hurried out with his valise, found a dark spot near a tree, buried his treasure, took careful note of the spot and boarded the train . . . Thru his window he made a note of a sign on a door (on the side of the depot) . . . It said KVTNNOR ... A few weeks ago he got permission to re turn to Sweden. At the station he showed the ticket seller the memo of the name he had copied down. The ticket seller's eyebrows jumped high and then he grinned . . . KVINNOR in Swedish means WOM EN . . . The frantic dope is now traveling all over central Sweden at night, hoping to And the right depot, not knowing that even if be is that lucky, the Swedish authori ties are waiting for him. This Is how Russia whipped its Black Market ... In Russia the soldiers get additional pay for each battle they are in. and not having anywhere to spend it, they send it home. The kinfolk are making more money than usual (in spite of what you bear), and all this is why Rus sia now has too much surplus coin, as well as a Black Market which gets 40 rubles for nylons and 80 for a bottle of Scotch . , . The Soviet gov't, being realistic sbout it, de cided to go into the Black Market racket, so now they have gov't owned stores in all communities . . . They are called: Government Owned Black Market Stores" (or whatever the Russian is for that), and any citizen can shop in them ... In this way, the gov't gets back all that surplus money . . . And keeps the citizens honest at the same time . . . Over here sur plus money is being enjoyed only by the "mobs," who keep it all since they rarely pay laxes. Coast Guard's 154th Birthday Finds It Fighting Axis > On Seven Seas, in Addition to Peacetime Duties! EXPERTLY handling their land ing craft, coast gnardsmen bring a barge loaded with soldiers to shore through the treacherous sort of the Sooth Paeile. This boat was swamped, hot the crew managed to Fund the troops entrusted to thoir ears. CREWMEN aa a taut pud rotter wipe! to ream* work to the EnfUah rtinl keep aaxtoea watch a? they aean the choppy water* for eoidlert who war# tooted tote th* tea whoa their to rat tow bore* waa tank. Thto flotilla d cattora eared haadrods at men dartoc the O-Day i ported. RELAXING with a hit af nam doila ay ia Jijueu garmeata. Ha ia garbed ia a ailk Haiaaa aad brocaded obi. He ahades kimaolf with a fancy paraael while he takea aim at a parakeet with a lap ma chine gun. 4 Service Originated ~ As Arm of Treasury To Check Smuggling Soon after he took over direc tion of the treasury in George Washington's cabinet, Alexander Hamilton discovered that the government was losing a lot of sorely needed revenue because of the brisk smuggling that was going on along the coast. Ac cordingly, he told the President that something would have to be done. Washington brought the matter to the attention of congress, and that body, acting with remarkable celerity, pro vided funds for the establish ment of the Revenue Cutter Service. So it was that on August 4, 1790, the U. S. coast guard was born. The service is cele brating its 154th anniversary this year. It has the longest rec ord of all the nation's sea forces, having taken part in every war since the Revolution. From post - Revolutionary days when it operated a handful of tiny 48-foot cutters concentrating on the collection of import duties for the infant republic, the coast guard has expanded in scope of its activities and in size until today it has more than 200,000 officers and enlisted men, and is fighting the Axis all over the world. Actually, the Tariff Act of 1790 merely authorized the building of six revenue cutters to insure the collection of customs. But our founding fathers realized that this little fleet might prove valuable as a defense unit. So it was decided to organize the men and ships on a military basis. President Washing ton commissioned Hopley Heaton of New Hampshire "to command a cut ter in the service of the United States." On* hunrir?ri An/1 flftv-fmir v?ara later coast guard vessels are operat ing as part of the navy, sweeping the seas of enemy subs, and coast guard landing craft are spear-head ing invasions, putting marines ashore in the South Pacific and the army in France. The coast guard has fulfilled the fondest hopes of its founders. But the military usefulness of the coast guard, which has reached a peak in this war, was apparent soon after its organization. In 1707, American ships bound for England were seized and boarded by priva teering French vessels, operating with tacit blessing of the Revolution ary government of France. Fought French Privateers. When in 1709, the U. S. navy was finally organized and new ships were sent out to aid the cutters in their battle against the French. But it is interesting to note that of the 22 ships captured, 18 were taken by the coast guard, which also assisted in the capture of two more. The undeclared war against France saw the establishment of the precedent of transferring the coast guard from tha treasury department to the navy in time of war. Ever since this date, the alert, trim, fight ing coast guard cutters and men have joined the navy by presiden tial proclamation on the outbreak of hostilities. When peace with Francs was re stored in 1801, the cutters were re turned to the treasury department and in an economy measure by the hard-pressed government several were decommissioned. But when. during the coming rear*, (ears of a war with England earned anxious J naval authorities to survey oar , naval strength, additional cutters , were authorized and built, all of which served with distinction in the j War of 1812. , The Civil war wrought havoc with the revenue cutter service, although I all its vessels fought on the side of I the Union. Trained crews and of- i fleers, torn between divided loyal ties, left the service to join their respective sides. To All the places of these men, having decades of service and experience, relaxed standards made possible the admis sion of some unfit, morally and men tally, and soon after the war a com plete reorganization of the service was necessary. And this reorgani zation was thorough. New ships were constructed and in 1878 an academy was established to train officers. Although at first the academy was merely a barken tine, "The Dobbin," anchored off New Bedford and later the "Chase" at Baltimore, no move did more to establish the "esprit de corps" of the coast guard, retain and pass on its traditions and raise the service to the high standards of unity that it has achieved today. The present r<na?t <?? iarH anaHamtr at Mnar T ?-???_ don. Conn., compare* favorably with Annapoli* and West Point. PoUee Doty in Alaska. Meanwhile the service was en trusted with new duties, while its old functions were enlarged with the growth of the nation. The acquisi tion of Alaska was an important event for the coast guard, for to it was given the obligation of enforc ing law and order in the territory. When the Japs invaded the Aleu tian Islands, the decades of experi ence of the coast guard in the wild unpredictable waters of the Arctic is bearing fruit. In 1013 the coast guard was merged with the life saving service and for the first time the name "COAST GUARD" was officially recognized. The merger of these two units was a logical development, for the cutter and life saving units were both branches of the treasury department and had operated closely for many years. The lighthouse division was not made an official member of the I coast guard "family" until 1030. World War I found the coast ' guard, as usual, ready for anythlhg. A terse presidential message "Plan 1 On* . . . Acknowledge," trans ferred the coast guard ships and personnel Into the navy for the dura tion. Coast guard officers wera assigned to duty at naval stations and on naval ships throughout the world with many being given com mand posts. The cutters as usual were placed in convoy and escort service. The period following the Armistical saw the construction of the modern coast guard fleet. New Diesel and! steam cutters were designed and built. Smaller, fast, patrol boats* were developed. New equipment was installed on shore stations. Air power was made a vital part of die coast guard with the* construction at bases on the Atlantic and Pacific. A fleet at planes of the newest de sign were assigned to the service and so coast guard aviation, long a cherished dream, was a reality. When the country thinks of coast guard law enforcement, it usually associates it with Prohibition. Al though the coast guard was given the unpopular job of enforcing that unfortunate act it managed to make the best of it. In fact through Pro ?ubition the coast guard developed a valuable intelligence unit which today serves the cause of national lefense as part of the naval intelli jence. But prohibition was only one at the law-enforcing jobs of the versatile coast guard. The Nar :otics, Oil Pollution, Whaling and Mien Smuggling are just a few of the marine laws enforced by the na tion's maritime police force. But greatest of all the hundred fifty-four years of the coast guard history has been this great global ear that will rid the world of tyr rany and oppression. Three of the guard's cutters made naval history by signal success against the sub marine. First it was the Campbell, which in 12 hours of gruelling ac tion depth-bombed five enemy U-boats and shelled, rammed and sank a sixth in a running battle while guarding a convoy. Then followed the Icarus, ICS feet of fight ing fury, which sank a U-boat off the Carolina coast and took 33 pris oners. The Spencer, sister ship of the Campbell, reached her peak of glory by sinking a sub stalking a convoy. Beach Patrol. The famed beach patrol reached Its heights with the capture, convic tion and elimination of the sub-land ed, would-be saboteurs who were trapped by an alert coast guardsman on Long Island's desolate shores. On guard against other landings coast guard dogs and horse patrols now are ready to give hfiy intruder a warm reception. The port security force, a similar unit, protects piers and harbogs. This war has seen the full develop mem 01 coast guard aviation, Where once coast guard fliers flew in bed weather on many an eTrand of mer cy. they now sldm over the vast expanses of the ocean acting as air umbrellas for victory convoys. On constant alert for lurking subs. To the fleet of flying boats of peacetime have been added the deadly "King fishers," sleek, trim planes flown by the same experienced men who fly in any weather, under any condi tions. One more new branch of the serv ice is the SPARS, the women's re serve ef the coast guard, aimed at replacing coast guardsmen on shofe stations throughout the country. SPAR officers train at the academy at New London and enlisted person nel at the new training school at Palm Beach, Fla. Over 7,000 SPARS are now on duty but by the end at the year 0,000 will be wear ing the coast guard blue. So, whether in peace or war, the coast guard's greatest pride is to live faithful to its motto, "Semper Paratus," "Always Ready." And coastguardsmen are always ready to save Uvea, patrol beaches, cap ture smugglers, watch for icebergs, or fight the enemies <d their obi trv. 1
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Aug. 3, 1944, edition 1
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