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The Alamance Gleaner 1 . ^ VoL LXX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1944 No. 82 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS i Allies Drive on German Border; Expand Navy by 65,000 Ships; August Beef Output Hits Peak ???? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ? (IMTOR'I NOTE: When aplnJens are expressed In these eelssxns. they are theae ef Western Newspaper Ualen'e news aaalysis sad aet aeeesaartly ef this aewspaper.) Sealed on ground at Hotel Majestic following their capture bjr Free French forces in liberation of Paris, high-ranking German officers await removal to prhfe quarters. EUROPE: Nazi Losses Having suffered losses of 400,000 men since D-day, and with its power in France broken, the once proud German army reeled back toward the Siegfried line guarding the seich's border, there to hole up for a final stand. Although the bulk of the German armies escaped annihilation in both the north and south, swift moving Allied armor hacked enemy rear guards to shreds, and U. S. and British planes swarming over the battlefields took a heavy toll of men aad equipment in the retreating col As the British' and Canadians drove up along the Channel coast, tbey overran many of the enemy's robot-bomb installations, but the I?Isiuaiii e of attacks on southeast England with the flying missiles in dicated that the Germans moved fcii dispatching ramps farther in HBnstrating the vast scope of filed operations in France since D-day, Gen. Dwight Eisen hower reported that we had lost MM planes ourselves, required aeere than 900 tanks for replace ments in the first 70 days of fighting, dropped more than 55, 0M tens of bombs and used 44,OSS,tOO gallons of aviation gas. As the battle tempo heightens, and supply lines lengthen, there is also need for more trucks aad tires, "Ike" declared. Deep in Balkans Boiling on American wheels, the surging Russian army pushed through Rumania and pointed spear beads at Hungary to the northwest where Marshal Josip Tito's rugged Partisans have been waging relent less guerrilla warfare against the Axis occupational forces. As the Russian drive carried deep into the heart of the Balkans, Red forces in northern Poland stepped ap their pressure against re eaforced Nazi troops battling grim ly to stave off the capture of War saw. ta their developing Romanian offensive, the Russian* sought to exploit an early break into the Carpathian mountains guard h| Hungary, where Adolf Hitler desperately sought to keep that country In the war by agreeing to rush reenforce aseats to bolster Its tattering saatsra defenses. By rolling ?eengh Bucharest to the seeth waat, the Reds also had the ehatee of driving forward for a Janetlea with Tito's Partisans and endangering the entire Nasi held en the southern Balkans. BEEF: Cheap Grades Abound Baborting the heavy run of grass lad cattle, August beef production te federally inspected plants reached An all-time record output for that month of 600.000.000 pounds, and 21 per cent higher than the same period last year. Meanwhile, August pork produc tion was 19 per cent under August of last year, reflecting continued abort receipts in the markets, which were expected to prevail until Octo ber when the spring crop is moved In absffhter. As n result of the heavy grass-fed anafketings, ample supplies of lean, pointless utility beef will be avail abie to consumers, but the govern ment's recent order to packers to set aside 50 per cent of their higher grntfas for military and lend-lease accasnt, will decrease the supply of flw choicer roasts and steaks. INCOME TAX: New Returns Thirty million taxpayers earning under $5,000 per year no longer face the ordeal of filling out a com plicated income tax form under a new system of the treasury. Uncle Sam himself will undertake to figure out the taxpayer's liability next year after he has filed a with holding receipt furnished by his em ployer showing income and pay-as you-go deductions with space for listing exemptions. In figuring out the taxpayer's liability. Uncle Sam will allow 10 per cent for charitable contribu tions, interest, medical expenses, etc., and anyone claiming larger credits for these items will have to file a 1040 form. U. S. NAVY: Rapid Buildup Reflecting the American genius for mobilizing the country's tremen dous resources, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal revealed that U. S. naval strength had increased by 65,000 vessels since the outbreak of war in 1939, and personnel had been expanded from 152,086 men to 3,717,000. Of the 65,000 vessels, 1,150 were major fighting ships. At the same time, Forrestal di vulged that the navy's air strength had been increased by 97,600 planes since 1939, 20 times more than be fore the war. In addition to being built up into the greatest fighting force afloat, the navy lend-leased 3 billion dollars of ships, materials and services to the Allies, Forrestal said, with the Brit ish receiving 92 per cent of the aid. PACIFIC: Subs Boost Bag While U. S. army and navy planes pounded the Japanese Pacific out posts preparatory to further strides along the stepping-stones to the Asi atic mainland, American sub marines continued their deadly warfare against enemy shipping. In latest operations in far Pacific waters, U. S. subs were credited with bagging 17 vessels, including two destroyers, to bring the total number sunk or damaged to 875 since Pearl Harbor. Operating from advance bases, U. S. bombers hammered Ha lms hera, strategic gateway to the Philippines, and also hit the enemy's supply lines In neighboring waters. WAGES: Top Levels With employment 28 per cent over January, 1941, weekly and hourly earnings in 29 manufacturing indus tries rose to record levels for June. As a result of the payment of higher wages to obtain help in the flourishing labor market, and over time to meet war demands, work ers' weekly earnings averaged $49.23 for the month, 00 per cent over January, 1941, while hourly pay totaled $1.06, a rise of 40 per cent ' over three and a half years ago. Because of a slight dip in living ' costs for the month, "real earnings" ] ?or income in relation to the price 1 of goods?Increased almost S per ' cent over May. 1 Navy Secretary Forrestal (left) disc as tea operations with Vice-Adm. H. K Hewitt WORLD MONOPOLY! Peace Threat Declaring that cartels ? agree ments among different international business firms for controlling world trade?formed the basis for Germa ny's military rejuvenation. Attorney General Francis Biddle told con gress that such enterprises must be destroyed if the Allies are to control the enemies' capacity for future war. As a result of cartel agreements, Biddle said, important companies were kept from South American markets; others could not manufac ture such strategic products as syn thetic rubber; development of the magnesium industry was retarded; an American company was prevent ed from selling a certain munition to the British, and restrictions were imposed on Elastic production. Even though certain giant German corporations were prevented from manufacturing military products after the war, Biddle said, they worked around these restrictions by organizing subsidiaries in other countries. TELEVISION: Here After War Although television will come into general use after the war, it will be an addition to, and not a substitute for, radio, Chairman James L. Fly of the Federal Communications com mission declared. Said he: "You can't sit and look at a television screen for 18 hours a day. You can't turn on television and make the beds, or play bridge, or wash the dishes, as you can with oral broadcasting. Television . . . j will be interspersed with other pro grams. Fly also recounted the spectacular rise in revenue of standard stations and networks during the war years, time sales in 1943 amounting to 190 million dollars, with net income of 66 million dollars, as compared with time sales in 1942 of 164 million dol lars and profits of 4S million dollars. Young Wizard An inventive genius at high school age, Stanley HiUer Jrn now 19, demonstrated a new type helicopter to the army, navy and national advisory committee for aeronau tics at San Francisco, Califs one day before his induction into service. Using opposite rotating propellers, HiU er' s helicopter is designed to overcome the conventional modefs torque, or inclination to pull over with the turn of the single blade. Built to cruise at from 1% to 90 miles an hour, with top speed of 100 miles an hour, the new helicopter's longest flight has been about 90 miles. Son of a pioneer Pacific flier and steam ship company presidqpt, Hiller founded a large miniature automobile manufacturing business, using a special die-casting process. WORLD WHEAT: Ample Surplus With the four great wheat-produc ing nations of the U. S., Canada, Argentina and Australia expected to harvest 2,000,000,000 bushels in 1944, and with a carry-over of 1,100, 000,000 bushels as of July 1, total supplies will approximate 3,000, 000,000 bushels for the coming year. Of the amount, the International Wheat council reported, the four na tions will consume about 700,000,000 bushels and use another 700,000,000 for seed and other non-food uses, leaving a reserve of 1,000,000,000 bushels. Of this amount, about 600, 000,000 bushels will be exported, the council said, and 200,000,000 will constitute a working stock, leaving a holdover supply of 800,000,000. As the result of unusually favor able July weather for spring wheat in Minnesota and North Dakota, the U. S. department of agriculture estimated a total wheat crop of 1,132,000,000 bushels for this year, which would make the U. S. har vest about half of the big four's. POLIO: Incidence Increases Abating in him (actions, infantile paralysis has increased In others, < with the result that the U. S. is experiencing its worst polio epi demic in 23 years, although the 9.233 cases reported up to August 1* were far below the 1916 high of 17,379. Offsetting downward trends re ported in North Carolina and Ken tucky were increases in New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and the Dis trict of Columbia. States reporting mild or normal incidences included California, Kansas, Utah, Florida, Arkansas, Arizona, Missouri, Wyo ming and Oklahoma. New England and the mountain states reported few cases. As a result of the high incidence In some areas, school openings have been delayed as much as a month. All children under 14 were banned from swimming pools and theaters In Kentucky, and those under 13 were placed under house quarantine In Milwaukee. Wis. jtos^jX By PaIJLMaLLW^^ RtlitMd by Western Newspaper Union. ALL SMALL NATION8 MUST BE GIVEN VOICE WASHINGTON .?The Democratic senators chirruped choruses of de nunciation at Governor Dewey upon his demand for small nations' pro tection in the postwar world?then suddenly they went quiet. Tom Connally, their foreign rela tions chairman, had said at first that Dewey had staged a luftwaffe at tack upon the Dumbarton confer ence. A few days later he was beaming benignly upon the Repub licans, and saying in a senate speech they had been exceptionally coop erative on foreign policy. The change is attributable to Stat* Secretary Hull. Mr. Hull was the first to realize?indeed he seems the only one now firmly to insist?that a peace imposed by a majority will not endure even among the United Nations; that the opposition will one day get into power here, perhaps soon; that unity at home as well as among the nations of the world is essential if anything constructive is to evqptuate. He has been the lead ing force for restraint in an emotion al world debate. KEEP ON HIGH PLANE But the matter is constantly being pushed oS the plane he wants, into politics and confusion. Comes, now the Foreign Policy association, for instance, thinking to defend him against Dewey. In an involved and circuitous collection of assertions, it seems to conclude Dewey is wrong and small nations can only bo pro tected through domination by the big fear powers. Furthermore, two columnists who are supposed to bo out standing International experts, have entered a radio debate wWeh whirls the whole issue into vortex. The ousted Hull assistant. Mr. Welles, and Mr. Hull's constant kibitzer, Mr. Lippmann (whose rec ommendations on international af fairs have never been followed by any government in any instance as far back as my memory runs though he sells them to the public three times a week and in books annually) ?these two, as I say, have become 1 hopelessly involved in such techni calities as the respective degree of sovereignties of Japan and Germany in postwar. These developments take a sim ple proposition and stretch it to mon strous incongruities. The proposi : tion, before all these stretchmen took hold of it, was and still is this: j PROTECTION OF SMALL Dewey urged that the interests of small nations be better protected and suggested a specific way to do it He recommended that the Dum barton Oaks conference keep the military world setup separate from economic agreements. He and Mr. | Dulles, in their conferences, started searching for a way in which small nations would not be over-ridden by i the power of the Big Four, and they hit upon this formula. ?loos. A man nation Is a small nation and no OM proposes to make thorn all big. The military might of the world will remain, alter the war, largely with Ras sia and the United States, not with small nallawa, and net even with Britain and China. No pease can change that. Also Russia and the United States will hare the greatest political pow er In the world. This is a (act of geography, industry, raw materials, manpower. It cannot be altered by the peace either. Now Mr. Hull proposed to protect the small nations by sale guar ding their sovereignty. This is largely a negative guarantee, but a powerful one. It would transfer the Ameri can conception of individuality to the world. No private telephone or back-of fice appendages were involved in the Hull-Dewey front psge Jockey ing on world peace. The participants spoke all they had to say in head lines, but the refined politics, the subtle parry and thrust, were neg lected in the reports, although these established Dewey in a new inter national character and will be of inestimable importance in the cam paign. The administration's campaign policy has been to play Dewey to the public as a barefoot boy in In ternational affairs, without experi ence or ability tor leadership. To tear (town this conception has been a mhet difficult technical task. * V yJv/V .. , ti-rfv? .,1^6^*1 L QA2m,/.-4r$>+*?<* < t*4?, <*7 /.^ ] Q-<"*"? *- *^^11^7* **? ''?"' i" 3 *?? * ? j' T f A 'j^ ?<' v -^rr<?i **w.?? *>^ <V . !<*? ^ - ...?..tA<i./X.. ^'^t" ,y - "r*1 l> j'ii ??i/ ? /I (fji .M?m?Ii , ?^^^?*??11; <^i. <^i^^4iA44*yi4ii4<i i. i ?^> if ri i^r" /,'-l""<' ?* ? ^ - - ? ?*? M -* " ? "**. - [ "i' ~ f^TTi 4 ?< , fi Yrti* . 4J,,#r,^l ? n,^.i *? .<r.,y,^-*? J^ y - - -_| r^V JKm < /< i ? ?<i,.^ ^...^ \4Tt*i? yl ^kim p+f 4 m WkmS*4+ ***??*??Mp ? ? rfij? ?ii<>4iij>ib4ii j I i^*b |4T ??< ?r. JKT tmr?if,r ??^ ><? ?? . *4btf ^11 frfi r ><? Milfc??iMU, I.?*l<?ii/.ni im?n,rfiM.iia4<^*4i<y<4i'4Ci ^<I<" ? i4tr.# ? ^V? ^4 ^n>i| ni^f yb ? i} !!? <?!!>? >4^?ii ^4ji.^K^L Yj^ft ?, ^ 7 1 - *fca?iy4^^Mw^w i Cfeafer../ XcJLuf** 4,mdiW^d .,< m*f+ 0+4 <t*s+ +*>< AiU^M.a ? *wrf ,r V, V ?- , (Vr 7 7 ^ V M* firi .'iw> .a ,4i <y4> ^c4L^*/Z^>?6*4*i f f4* + tt pM y MH Ktfr nrfi \ i|^ !? ^VI>m i4 Mfi ?-*w^???if**?* n . i?* w y 4^ By MARIE H. MUDRA Released by Western Newspaper Union. THE six-year-old boy pulled himself up on the marble stool to look into the glass case. As with us, it was his first visit to Washington and he had to see everything. He let out a squeal of surprise, "Mother!" he said, looking up to see where she was. "It's all gold. Is it a treasure?" We all laughed, but the policeman stationed there on the west gallery of the main floor of the Congres sional library bent down to the small boy. " 'Deed it Is, Sonny. It's so price less that there is a special guard like me here every hour of the day. Do you know what they are, Sonny?" "Nope," said the boy, his eyes growing larger. "They're the birth certificates of this nation. That one up In the cabinet on the wall is the Declara tion of Independence and this one In the case below Is the Constitution of the United States." The guard pronounced the words with so much pride that they sent a thrill through us listeners and we edged cloeer to see the golden docu ments. Under Protective Otese. "See, they're specially lighted and kept under a protective glasftoated with a yellow chemically-treated film so the parchments won't fade. Here," speaking to all of us. "Look at John Hancock's signature. Writ ten big and bold so the king of Eng land might read it without his spec tacles." "Have these documents always been here?" asked a man In the group. "No, they've always been at the seat of government. At first that was New York. When Philadelphia became the capital, they were taken there. After congress fixed upon Washington as a permanent capi tal, they were moved to this city." "And been here ever since?" someone asked. "No," the guard explained. "For a abort time when the Britiah cap tured Waahington during the War of 1812 they were removed to Virginia far enough away to be safe. They were preserved in a vault but in 1921 President Harding ordered them placed here." "Why are tome of the names rubbed off?" asked the six-year-old boy. We looked closer and saw a few signatures somewhat obliter ated. "They tell a story about that but no one can prove it. When the Brit iah attacked the city of Waahington in 1814, these parchments were for gotten in the confusion that followed. Then a clerk of the state depart ment, in whose custody they ware, rolled them up in a hurry, shoved them into linen bags, and fled to Georgetown and then to Leesburg. It is said that on his Journey the ink on the surface flaked off from this rough handling. Now wQl you remember," he asked the little boy, "all those things an September IT, Constitution day? That's the date on which the Constitution was finished way back In 1787." Philadelphia Celebrates. Not having such an introduction to the origin of our Constitution, most people do not even know when Con stitution day is. But the Philadel phia ns have observed it with great er regularity than any other place in America. Perhaps this city is conscious of the distinction it holds in having Independence Hall, the building in which both these docu ments were drafted. In 1887 Phila delphia held a national centennial celebration on September IS, 18 and 17, arranged by a Constitutional Centennial commission. This com mission included representatives from each state and territory ap pointed by the governors; the Presi dent and his cabinet; governors and other officers from each state and territory; members of the diplo matic corpa. The celebration began with an industrial parade in which 11,000 people demonstrated the prog ress made by the United States in the century of its existence. In the evening Governor Beaver of Phila delphia held a reception in honor of the official guests. On the second day 30,000 members of state and federal military organi zations paraded in review before President Grover Cleveland. At night the President held a public reception in the Academy of Music attended by thousands. Cleveland Is Speaker. On the third day, the real anni versary of the Constitution, exer cises were held in Independence square before the building where the Constitution was drafted. Presi dent Cleveland made an address in which he concluded: As we look down tbo post contury to tho origin of our Constitution, as wo contem ploto Its trials and triumphs, as wo realtsa how completely tbo principles upon which it Is based have mot every national peril and every national need, bow devoutly should we confess with Franklin. "God governs in the affairs of men; and how solemn should be the reflection that to our hands is committed this ark of the people's covenant and that ours Is the duty to shield It from Impious bands." In the 30th century the anniver sary has attracted general attention throughout the country. Various rad ical groups, small but noisy, began to agitata for the overthrow of American institutions. Public-spir ited men decided that citizens ought to be more fully instructed in tbe nature of the Constitution and its guarantees of their freedom. So in 1914 the National Security league was organized to promote this in struction. The league prepared ? catechism of the Constitution, cir culating hundreds . of copies. It urged schools to devote more time to the teaching of the Constitution and observance of the celebration of September 17. By 1919 there were active commit tees working in 41 states with chair men from: presidents of state bar associations; presidents of colleges; chairmen of school boards; presi dents of historical societies; state branches of Sons of the American Revolution and other distinguished citizens. Under the guidance at the league, Constitution day was ob served by 22 states and a hundred cities in that year. The National Security league tried to counteract the effect of attacks upon the Constitution by radicals out of office. In 1994 these radicals charged the Democratic President and congress with setting tip a gov ernment disregarding the Constitu tion, a kind which the radicals of previous years bad advocated. At that time measures were adopted to overcome the effects of. financial panic in the fall of 1M9 and the coo sequent business depression. Te Save Oar Liberties. Prominent Republicans and Dem ocrats organized the American Lib erty league to use all means in its power to prevent the destruction at those liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. The Constitution day anniversary in 1934 was observed by distinguished orators of both par ties calling legislation for the relief of business as subversive of the Constitution. Meetings were held un der the auspices of the SAR, DAR, YMCA, American Legion am. other organizations. Some speakers de fended the recovery legislation as constitutional and said they had aa profound respect for the Constitu tion as the critics of such legislation. This difference at opinion on funda mental issues made the 1934 cele bration more notable than any be fore. It demonstrated, too, the rights Americana were privileged to exer cise under this same Constitution. In more recent rears there is a growing tendency to have "I Am an American Day" on September IT as an especially appropriate way to celebrate . the Constitution day. Those who become at age before that day and any slims Who have been naturalized are welcomed as now citizens of these United States by their local community officers. The pledge and national anthem giv en by these new citizens baa sock fervor that it makes one lunsclana anew of what it means to be sa American. Few Changes. Perhaps this year's celebration at Constitution day. Just two months before a national election, would be a good time to look up the Constito tion in any encyclopedia and study its articles. Drafted by 56 dele gates from 13 states, who, working four months in secret session, often violently disagreed, the Constitution, now in its 157th year, has had few changes in its test. Among all the constitutions in the world it is the oldest and yet is well adapted to the expanding needs of the resource ful American people even in their complex civilization. Hen like Wash-, ington. Franklin, Hamilton and Mad ison had a hand in shaping it and be cause of their divergent views com promised to make a "more perfect Union" possible. You will learn that it confers powers upon the federal government and again exerts limita tions upon both state and central governments. Today with accusations hurled hp presidential candidates ringing aa loudly in our ears, a quiet contem plation at the original Constitution la almost a must far every citizen. It is a good way to celebrate Constitu tion day this year. la thli ihrlae ia the Conrre>?onal library la Washing too are preserved the "birth certfSeates of this aatien" ?the Declaration at Independence and the Constitution eI the United States. THE AUTHOR Editor's Note: This artels woo trst prise to a contest, sponsored by per DdIn at tha VtUh iiinl Writers' Ceofer eace at Nertb ty la Jsly, UW, tar tha "baat taa tara article ay prtfrlab to tha abfarvaaaa at Caaititat I a a day." Itwaswrit tea by Mrs. Ma ria H. Madra, a teacher la a Chi safa hlfh schael. Mrs. Modra Is tbe daughter si u Immigrant Bohemian aboemaker mad, altfeongh km in this eoatry. she did not team to speak English until aha woo six yean old. She has achieved distinction as a writer, ha ring won several contests in short story and lea tars writing In the Mid dle West, flba to to motor oI a son who recently mas accepted (or CAA training and who beyea to be come an army aria too. Mark I. Madra
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Sept. 14, 1944, edition 1
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