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The Alamance Gleaner l VoL LXX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1944 No. 36 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Germans Counterattack to Slow Allies Smash Into Rhineland; OW/ Warns of Hard Pacific War ? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ??????J (EPITOR'8 NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these eelamns. they are these el Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily el this newspaper.) As Holland became a flaming battleground, civilians are shown fleeing from battle xone near Kerkrade to safety. EUROPE: 'Greatest Battles' In what the Germans said was "... the greatest battle of material in the world's history .' . ." with 2,500,000 men facing each other on a 460-mile fyont, Allied forces moved slowly on the Siegfried line against stubborn enemy resistance. 'All along the curving battle-line the Germans launched extensive counterattacks, throwing in large numbers of tanks to stem the Allied drive on their all important indus trial belt along the Rhine. Bearing the brant of the ene my's aggressiveness were Lieut. Gen. Miles Dempsey's Brit ish Second army driving north ward in Holland and Lient. Gen. George S. Pat ton's Ameri can Third army longing for the coal-laden Saar basin beyond MetxandNaney. In Holland. Gen. Dempaey s? uug ucrui*u cuiuiMmuicu were aimed at thwarting Gen eral Dempsey's Tommies from pressing past the northern an chor of the Siegfried line at KIoto, and of throwing an arm to the great water basin of the Znlder Zee to the northwest to eat off an estimated ?00.000 T Nails still engaged |p the lower, extremity of the country. In addition to employing masses of tanks against General Patton's men before the Saar, the enemy also made good use of the hilly and wooded terrain in the sector to re duce the valiant doughboys' advances to yards. As the fighting raged to the north and south, Lieut. Gen. Courtney Hodges' First American array launched a heavy attack between those two sectors east of Aachen, , fighting its way through thick woods - - to draw up within 27 miles of the " great industrial center of Cologne. Having, smashed through the appM -reaches of the Germans' ?a?st?d "Goth > ieJtaa" itworth era Italy, Allied troop* fought to ward the level ing plains of the treat Po valley, eradliaf the mi jority of the country's popu lation, and its most highly de ?eleped re ? ?trees. De Gen. Clark ' iqveriK utnmpipempu to stem their drive, the Allies poshed on, with Lieut. Gen. Mark Clark's American Fifth army threatening to close an escape rente foe stnbborn enemy troops ringed between it and the Brit lah Eighth army to the east. As the remnants of Germany's Baltic armies pulled out of Latvia, the spotlight on the eastern front swung back to East Prussia in the north and Hungary on the south, where the Reds pushed offensives to crack these anchors of the Nazis' eastern front. While the Germans could fall back on swampy, wooded lake coun try in ?ast Prussia to slow the Rus sian drive, they had no such advan tage in Hungary, where the Reds pressed for the broad open plains to the southeast of Budapest. Having landed on the western coast of Jugoslavia, strong Allied forces worked inland to cut off the retreat of an estimated 200,000 Ger mans moving northward from the lower Balkans PACIFIC: Air power Long is the reach of America's famed B-29 Superfortresses, which have flown to the wars to hamstring the flow of enemy supplies to his widespread Asiatic front by striking at principal Japanese industrial cen ters. With recent improvements permit ting the carrying of heavier bomb loads, no less than 100 of the B-29s flew the equivalent of from Atlanta, Ga., to the Arctic circle in attacking manufacturing plants in Anshan, Manchuria, second largest steel making center in the Japanese em pire. While the B-29s were on the wing, other U. S. army and navy planes struck at Jap positions along the whole Pacific front in attempts to soften the enemy against further ad vances. Jap Resistance , With Japan possessing many stra tegic materials in the home islands and Korea enabling her to increase war production; with the country ca pable of putting 8,000,000 men in the field, and with American supply lines stretched, U. S. victory in the Pacific may require from 1V4 to 2 years after Germany's defeat, the Office of War Information said. To America's advantage in press ing for victory, OWI said, was its own tremendous war output, capa ble of turning out 8,000 planes a month-to-Japan's 1,500; the threat to cut the enemy's supply lines from the Indies area and blockade the homeland, and the overrunning of his outer defenses which has brought U. S. forces close to the inner ram parts. Far from slaking the Japs' fervor, Germany's fall might strengthen the enemy's determination to resist, OWI said. POSTWAR GERMANY: Allied Plans ,. With Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau's proposal for stripping Germany of all of its manufactories and reducing the country to an agri cultural basis rejected. Allied post war plans looked forward to "the maintenance of the Reich's industrial machine under close supervision. Challenging Morgenthau's posi tion, Secretary of State Hull and Secretary of War Stimson declared that not only did Germany turn out certain essential Industrial products for the rest of Europe, but that its business also put it in the market to purchase other countries' goods. In order to check German indus try's war-making capacity. Allied plans call for control over all strate gic materiils, with possible elimina tion of factories adapted to arms production. BUTTER: Tight Supply With only 12,000,000 pounds of but ter in storage earmarked for civil ians and consumption on a day-to day basis, the point value on the product was raised from 16 to 20 points per pound, OPA officials said. Despite the government's plans for withdrawing from the butter market in October until production climbs in the spring, no immediate relief in the tight supply was seen. Said OPA Administrator Chester Bowles: "... We civilians are go ing to have to get along with less butter than formerly, at least during the next 90 days or so. . . ." Besides reserving 126,000,000 pounds of the present stocks of 138, 000,000 pounds, the government has been purchasing great quantities of butter fat from producers for pow dered milk and other uses. PRICE CONTROL: Must Stay?Byrnes Until total victory is achieved in the Pacific, price and wage controls must be maintained to prevent an under supply of goods and overly stuffed pocketbooks to set off a dan gerous inflationary cycle, War Mobilization Director James F. Byrnes declared. Stating that figures of the bureau of labor statistics showed only an increase of 25 per cent since Janu ary, 1941, Byrnes said that farm in come rose 81 per cent and the aver age weekly pay of workers 51 per cent during the same period. "The stabilization program has hurt neither the farmer nor the worker," Byrnes asserted. "The white collar workers and the people with small fixed incomes have fared less well during the war, but the only way to help them is to continue to hold the line against inflation." Seek Higher Wages Even while Byrnes spoke, organ ized labor pressed for revision of the government's stabilization pro gram, urging that the formula for limiting wage increases to 15 per cent over January, 1941, levels be junked. In appearing before the War Labor board, CIO Chieftain Philip Murray argued that public members of a WLB panel had found living costs in creased almost 30 per cent since January, 1941, rather than 25 per cent as claimed by the bureau of labor statistics. Declaring that both labor and management were entitled to a quick settlement of the wage ques tion so as to be able to solve im mediate and reconversion problems. AFL leaders joined the CIO in the assault upon present wage stabili zation. 11 Early Start j. j-.L-j.. A ... ?jmmv,i L To booming parents Mr. and Mr*. Joseph Wells of Los Angeles, Califs tiny sis weeks-old Evelyn is e constant delight. Pictures proves parents* boast lime Eve lyn can stand up. In addition, she can raise herself while lying on her tummy and take three steps while holding her mother's hand. RADIO TUBES: Small Surplus ?" With mlch scarce radio tubes as the 12SA7 and 12AS commanding as much as $10 in black markets, army release of 1,000,000 surplus tubes for civilian use will tend to only slightly ease the tight supply situ ation. To be returned to manufacturers for testing and parking before dis tribution to customers on an "equi table basis," the 1,000,000 tubes will not even approximate the produc tion of 1,7(4,000 in July, which met only a fraction of the demand. Because of the services' extensive use of radio equipment for com munications between units on the fighting fronts, trade circles saw little hope for increased civilian gup plies until Germany's defeat per mitted a cutback in military orders. FOOD STOCKS: Orderly Disposal With the War Food administra tion already feeding the govern ment's excess stocks of food to civil ian outlets without disrupting the markets, U. S. officials will make every effort to maintain orderly dis posal of surpluses with the war's end, WFA distribution director Lee Marshall said. "We must maintain specified war reserves no matter how favorable the war may be going," he said, "but I, for one, don't think it neces sary to build a separate stockpile of the same foods for postwar relief feeding." In disposing of surpluses, Marshall said, salable goods would first be offered to companies which furnished the government with the products. Others in the same business would be given second choice. Note* of a Newspaperman: Sir William Beveridge, the British plan man, has cooked up a new one to be announced after the Armistice. . . . The gamblers who bought big property in Miami Beach for the de luxe season will get an awful shock. There'll be no gambling, vows the chief of gendarmes. . . . CBS is grooming Johnny Morgan to replace Fred Allen until the latter resumes. . . . The American Fed. of Musi cians is dickering with the Institute of Public Relations to woo the press back for its president, James C. Pe trillo. The fee involved is reported at $100,000. . . . Eileen Stafford and G. Ross are betrothed. ... A noble man in town has a Juicy racket. He charges social climbers $100 a night to be seen with him in the bet ter places. Those who sneer at foreign-born Americans were given a whacking across their derrierres by colyumist Lowell Mellett, formerly of the White House staff. Colyumed Mellett: "I am also an immigrant; not a first generation immigrant, to be sure, since the first of the family came over during the Revolutionary War, but an immigrant just the same. I can't claim any credit for being an American. Sidney Hillman can. It was his own idea, not the idea of a great-great-grandparent!" James W. Miller of Mnskogee, Okla., corrects our observation that F. Sinatra will net about $23,000 from his annual "take" this year of $1,450,000. Mr. Miller, a public accountant, says Frank will make more than 25 Gs. He will net a lit tle more than $75,000. Hot diggittyl ... Ernest Hemingway will start another war if he isn't careful. He writes: "I think any writer, espe cially a war correspondent, is dull in conversation. It's only the phonies that are personally colorful" . . . The Broadwayites, for the 11th year, visited the grave of Variety's found er, Slme. . . . Abbott and Costello, who send cartons of ciggies to troops overseas, happily wrap each carton in "the funnies." . . . While over seas Frances Langford never drank the hot tea, which has a medicinal taste. The torrid South Pacific, strangely enough, has no hot water. So she used the tea to wash her face. The Writer'! War Board devised a subway and trolley car card showing babies (of all color) which read: "Must They Die in World War ED?" ,.s. . The text continues: "Yes! Un less you work now for lasting peace' after victory." . . . The cards ara distributed by Americans United for World Organization, Inc. . . . Tran sit companies in several cities are displaying them. . . . Mayor La Guardia hoped N. Y. subway trains would do the same. ... In report ing-the refusal of John H. Delaney (chairman of the Board of Transpor tation) the If. Y. Times said in part: "Mr. Delaney says he turned down this particular poster 'because it was not of local interest ... I don't in tend- to give away, free .publicity to any organization seeking to promote peace on its own. Our Government is well equipped to do that!' " Not of local interest! Iacome tax sleuths are feOewtag the columns closely to check on the reports of cafe society playglrls and their "incomes." . . . The Wind sors have been plagued by crank letters. Too much publicity plus their address. . . . Bill Tilden, one time world's tennis champ, tried act ing some years ago. He has taken an option on a play which win be produced soon. . . - Vogue feature editor, Ruth Portugal, is in Martha Foley's "Best 8hqyt Stories" annual this time. . . I Another fashion mag editor, Dorothy Wbeelock of Harp er's Bazaar, relaxes all night by writing detective thrillers. New York Novelette: You've read about the case in the papers. But not this angle. ... It was at a society party several years ago. The host ess' jewels disappeared. . . . Suspi cion pointed to a pretty young girl. ... The detectives had the goods on her and pressed the hostess to let them make the arrest. . . . An other guest volunteered to help the crying suspect. ... He was a law yer. . . . His skillful plea won the hostess over. She didn't press the charge. . . . The girl was let go and married him! . . . Many times thereafter he had to do his best legal work getting his bride out of similar jams. . . . Recently she was ar rested again?for allegedly stealing jewels. . . . But he can't help her now. ... He has a bigger case. . . . Fighting for his country. See5 Forest Conservation Need: Vast Areas of Spent Timberland Attest to Careless Practices 1 By LYLE F. WATTS (Chief U. S. Forest Service) Recently, in an address before a section of the Society of Amer ican Foresters at Milwaukee, Wis., I discussed the nation's forest situation and presented the need for reasonable public control of the treatment of pri vate forest lands. In comment ing on that paper, a friend of mine alleged that, "In normal periods the basic American for estry problem is not one of scarcities but of surpluses, not of timber famine but of timber abundance." I want to explore that philosophy because, if it is true, there is really no occasion for much concern about forest conservation. In discussing this question of scar city versus abundance, I want to make it clear that forestry is some thing more than boards, ties, cord wood and other forest products. To me forestry has a human side. It encompasses permanent communi ties with prosperous industries and a stable tax base. It means good schools, public health and attractive homes. It means security for the worker to invest in a home and for the butcher, the baker, and beauty shop keeper to invest in a business. Seventy per cent of New England is forest land, but 75 per cent of all the wood products consumed in New England comes from outside the re gion. The only evidence of surplus, so far as I know, is in small low grade material which cannot be marketed even under the intense de mand of the huge industrial popu lation. The hurricane of 1938, followed by abnormal wartime requirements for box boards, has left only scattered remnants of merchantable white pine in central New England. Scar city of stumpage forced several of the leading operators in Massachu setts to move out of that state re cently. Even In the wild lands of. Maine, most of which have been gone over several times by logging operations since colonial times, the average cut of pulpwood, taking all that la considered merchantable from the ground, is estimated at only four cords per acre. Such an average certainly implies no troublesome surplus of available timber. Not so many generations ago Pennsylvania was the leading source of the nation's lumber supply. In 1941 it ranked 23rd'amoog the states with an output of less than 1 per cent of the total. The original pine forests have been largely replaced by scrub oak apd other hardwoods as a result of lire following logging. The forest survey for Virginia showed sawtimber growth in 1941 some 2S per cent in excess of drain by cutting. So perhaps we Mtould ibid a timber surplus here. But of what significance is an excess of growth over drain when lumber out put Is only about half of what it was ,.30. yesss earlier? The decline in Vir -lUU'1 lumber output is a reflection of sawtimber scarcity. Winds with as much as S.OM board feet per acre occupy leas than 4 per cent of the total forest area. Mora wood was consumed by non-lumber use than for lumber in 1940. The leasts! plain sad Pied meat regions af the Deep Beath centals over III mllWea acres of lead weaderfaily adapted to tree growth bat set well atfbd for ether parpens. All bat a small fraction af the old-growth timber has bean eat ae that any surplus , mast ha ia seeead growth. Almost three-fourths of this great acreage is la thrifty second growth, yet the growing stock ia rated at lass than half of what it should be. Some 19 million scree, mostly In the loogleaf pine belt of the coastal plain, lie denuded. Only one-fourth of the total cubic volume of pine ia sawiog material and almost three fourths of that Is in trees less than 19 inches In diameter. In spite of the eaee of reproduction end the exceptionally rapid growth of the more valuable pines, hardwoods now account for almost 40 per cent of the cubic volume of aO trees. The timber supply is vital to the great agricultural states of the Mid dle West. The situation became so acute in 1943 that two large farm cooperatives bought sawmills in dis tant forest regions in order to be sure of having the lumber they needed. Had the forests of this region been given proper care from the begin ning, farmers might still be able to meet many of their needs from local Umber. Most of the older bams in southern Ohio and Indiana, for example, were built of yellow pop lar. Yellow poplar (tows almost a* fast as any of our softwoods and is lust as easily worked. But today it is far too precious to put into barns. It is no longer a significant part of the stock of the local lumber yards. All the big pine operations are now gone from the Missouri Ozarks. Out put of softwood lumber in Missouri in 1942 was only 30 million board feet. Yet in 1896 most of the three fourths billion board feet of lumber cut in that state was softwood. Throughout the hill country from eastern Ohio to western Missouri, millions of acres of once magnificent hardwood forests have degenerated into mere brush cover. Many of the Even in New England, where this hug* r*d oak lowering 130 feet up and measur ing almost 20 feat in circumference was cut, there is no real timber surplus. hardwood Industries of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys must now pay heavy transportation charges for raw material from other regions in order to continue operation. Some of them face extinction. The lake states affords one of the most serious chapters of our forest history. Here are some 52 ? million acres of generally level forest land, favorably located with reference to important in dustrial and agricultural sec tions. Extensive dear cutting and uncontrolled forest lire have made a large part of this area an economic liability. The white pine and red pine which contributed so bountifully to the de-J velopment of the Middle West mrm now little more than memories. Al though some old growth?chiefly hardwood ? still remains, the most significant aspect is the large pro^ portion of inferior species, notably jack pine and aspen, in the second growth. Having looked in vain for timber surpluses in other important forest regions, we turn at last to the West coast. The timber of Idaho and Montana was almost untouched up to U00. But the wave of depletion is rolling through this country with startling speed. In Idaho the five northern counties were opened up first and were soon pretty thoroughly ex ploited. Output reached a peak of 705 million board feet in 1925. In 193? it was only 292 million. Obviously payrolls in these northern counties declined in about the same ration as lumber production. Towns like Sand point and Coeur d'Alene were hard hit ? and Spokane turned its eyes from the panhandle of Idaho to the Grand Coulee dam. The increased output now coming from the five counties farther south rests an a precarious base. Only one tenth of the ^million acres of for est in North Waho is in white pine sawtimber?yet this tenth is bearing the brunt of current cut. White pine output is now 2% times what the for ests can sustain. But even within this region, the apparent surplus is local in charac ter. The only area still largely un developed is a portion of southern Oregon. In the older districts, notably around Puget Sound, the bulk of the readily accessible saw timber has been removed. Sawmills have shut down and pulp mills have assumed greater importance. The available stand is no longer as large as the growing stock needed to sus tain a cut commensurate with the growth capacity of the land. The lower Columbia river district with 170 large mills and 40 billion feet of sawtimber is already feeling the pinch of scarcity. About-half of the private sawtimber belongs to two large companies. Most of the other mills face difficulty in getting the timber they need for long-time operation. I want to close by stating my con viction that a comprehensive legisla tive charter is needed to give effect to a well-rounded national forest policy and to strengthen the founda tion for timely postwar action in the forestry field. National War Fund Drive: Almost Half of Money to Go Toward Cheering U. S. Fighters a . ! A "home front" army four million strong went into action October 1 in every city and county of the United States to back up the lighting fronts in providing essential wartime services for our own and our Allies. In a tingle united appeal in tome 10,000 communities throughout the United States, this army of volun teer workers, enlisted under the aegis of the national war fund and united war chests, is seeking con tributions for the support of local welfare services and to provide for the needs of the men and women of our own armed forces, American prisoners of war, the man of our merchant marine and civilian war victim# among the United Nations. The combined objective of the volunteers in tids army is een SSS. BeneSeiaries af this vest fend wfll be an estimated ?JM. SM psapla whs. In aeaa way, win be tee shed by the services af the federated war chests and the tt member agencies af tbs netisasi war fend. When the operations of this vast army havs been concluded, it is be lieved that approximately 15,000,000 Individuals and family groups will have contributed to the vital work of the various organizations, both at home and in some 91 major geo graphical areas on six continents. Out of every dollar contributed for the national war fund agencies, tdto cents will be spent to provide com fort, entertainment and relaxation for our own armed forces. The expendl tare af this prsper tioe of contributions win tnaaee tbs activities of the fallowing or ganizations CSO, which brings a tench ef heme te em dgbtteg forces in some 1,999 eatta from Alaska to Brazil and from New foundland to Hawaii; CSO eamp shews, which carry praf scalane I la eer servicemen and wemes in innikst a sacs, to base stitises and bespit?It; United 8eamaa's service, which msletslns s chain of betels an six untie rets mad reet cantors la tids nmtij far the men si ee* merchant ma f rise who see tkat the vital eu roes of meiiitlsns aad mate, ills of war (at OM|k to ffea IfU- ' lac froots; War Wiwin aid, which presides wmwHwI. | edooaUeaal ia| eiHval orb- > rials lao ulii?rs of war to af- ? fort aa antidote tor the bore?as so aptly termed "barked wire diseeeo." Approximately 33 cents out of ev ery national war had dollar will be spent to provide nwargtsry relief |or dvtlipn victims of war in the nations of our Allies, user run and occupied by the Nasi invaders. Assistance for the peoples of the Axis - dominated includes: food and clrihtag tar Chinese war orphans; medical kits and-mtdirtqi for the Yogoelavs; auhaistiiin.il rations for millions of starving Greeks; seeds to replant the scorched earth of Russia; dried milk fDr undernourished Norwegian school children; food packages for Belgian refugees; seed packets for British Victory gardens to ease the critical food shortage; aid for mil lions of Polish refugees scattered throughout the world; care in thin country for child evacuees from Europe; food and clothing for needy people of Prance; and mid of various kinds for war victims of Czechoslo vakia, Luxembourg, Denmark, Hoi land and Italy. The remainder of the war fund dollar, including two-thirds for ad ministration, will be held in a contin gent fund for emergency needs and unforeseen developments resulting from the liberation of occupied na tions. Ike "home-front" army will , take te Ite task with the Mtow taf message of laspirattoa trim Gen. Dwight D. Elsteh.su, i supreme commander el the [ Allied expeditionary farce: "AH ) Americans knew H is a privi lege to contribute to At nattonal aad community war fends la this year of liberation. Csmplsa.fi lag oar military campaigns, the services which lew trans these fends reach eat to friends and neighbors at home aad a breed aad to the oppressed peaptoa el (Signed) Dwtght D. El.tah.w I i _ er."
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Oct. 12, 1944, edition 1
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