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? I The Alamance Gleaner Vol. LXXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 26, 1945 * ' No. It WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS?? Truman Faced With Momentous Tasks Abroad and at Home as Allied Drives Lead to Victory ___________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. ?J (EDITOR'S NOTE: Wbsn opinions are expresses Is thee? columns, they are these of Western Newspaper Union's news aaalyeta and sot neeesaarily of this newspaper.) Bearing meager household possessions on heads and In arms, Jap civili ans on Okinawa return to lowlands after flight inland before invasion forces. NEW LEADER: Historic Task Dying even as American military leaders saw an early end to the Eu ropean war, with the intricate prob lems of peace lying ahead, Presi dent Franklin Delano Roosevelt left to successor Harry S. Truman one of the most momentous jobs ever confronting a statesman. Oddly enough, Mr. Roosevelt him self entered the office 13 years be fore under highly critical circum stances, with the nation's business and agriculture in stagnation and its finances on the verge of collapse. Still comparatively new to the Ameri can people, Mr. Roosevelt won their immediate confi dence during the first 100 days or his administration with measures designed to reestab lish the tottering economy of the country. Then,:Mr. Roosevelt made per haps his most famous statement of all: "The only thing we have to fear is fear/' World Problems Greatest immediate task facing President Truman is the San Fran cisco peace conference, scheduled to go on despite the death of Mr. Roosevelt, who worked for its suc cessful culmination to achieve his dreaip of an international coopera tive Organization to prevent future disastrous wars. Though the groundwork for the San Francisco parley had been laid at the "Dumbarton Oaks conferences, at Washington, D. C.,' new problems had arisen since to command the full resources of American states manship. Over and above the pro posal of granting Russia three votes on the permanent security council to match Britain's six, there remained the touchy proposition of allowing representation to a Polish govern ment not dominated by any large power and acceptable to all. Along with the San Francisco par ley for creating an international peace organization, the new Presi dent also was ronfronted with han dling the Bretton Woods financial agreements, designed to establish postwar economic stability by sup porting the monies of different coun tries and advancing loans for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of foreign nations to help them become profitably productive. Rated Conservative With President Truman consid ered a conservative Denfocrat de spite his support of New Deal policies, speculation centered on the course he ' would adopt on do mestic policy, long marked by Roose velt liberalism. Bearing the friend ship of both the CIO and AFL, President Truman was.expect to maintain a sympathetic atti tude toward labor. With mA - - ? J w auiiiuusuauuiiB having established such social se curity policies as unemployment in surance and old age pensions, and with the government pledged to sup port (arm prices tor two years after (he war. Presides* Truman's great ? est concern would seem to be not the establishment of emergency meas ures to tide the nation over the re conversion period but rather the de velopment of a program to achieve Mr. Roosevelt's own goal of 60,000, 000 jobs. In recently explaining his political philosophy, President Truman said that, like his native state of Mis souri, he was a little bit left of cen ter, but that the cooperative effort of all elements of American life was necessary for the shaping of a pros perous economy. Though comparatively unknown before assuming direction of the senate war investigating committee. President^ Truman soon earned the respect o'f both his colleagues and the country for his forthright and courageous leadership of the group in constructively criticizing the re armament program with a view of increasing its over-all efficiency. In this respect, the so-called Tru man committee was quick to point out such material shortages as alu minum, rubber, zinc, lead and steel, and also revealed the nature of pressing manpower problems. Staff Chiefs at Helm An artillery captain himself at 33 during the last war. President Tru man, like Mr. Roosevelt, is expect ed to leave the conduct of the war largely to the American chiefs of staff, who have already marshalled the country's great striking power for the knockout of both Germany and Japan. Reeling under the force of U. S. and British power thrusts from the west, and Russian pressure from the east, Germany's days appeared numbered, with Allied military lead ers mainly expecting guerrilla war fare after the collapse of integrated Nazi resistance. In conformity with long-rumored Nazi plans for a last suicidal stand in the Alpine fastnesses of southern Germany, the enemy continued to put up his strongest resistance south of the river Main, where the U. S. 7th army's advance was slowed. Farther to the east, however, the Russians drove beyond Vienna to threaten the Austrian gateway to Adolf Hitler's last mountain strong hold. PACIFIC: Tough Nuts Tough throughout the whole Pa cific campaign, the Japs are prov ing even tougher as the battle ap proaches their homeland, with their stubborn defense of Iwo Jima more than matched by their resistance on Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands against U. S. marine and army forces. Experts at making use of the rug ged Pacific island terrain, the Japs have set strong gun emplacements in the rolling countryside, with subter ranean tunnels allowing their troops free passage from one position to another. In addition, the enemy has surprised U. S. forces with the use of deadly new weapons, with heavy concentrations of artillery on Oki nawa helping slow the Yanks' ad vance. If they have made geod use of the terrain on Iwo Jima and Okinawa, the Japs are making equally good use of it on Luzon in the Philip pines, where they are holding out in the rugged fastnesses to the north in the hope of tying up large bodies of U. S. troops through the approach ing rainy season when operations will be necessarily slowed. Mr. Roosevelt President Trnmsn minifftritlnns AGRICULTURE! Hog Support Having called for greater fall pig production to help relieve the tight meat situation, the government sought to reassure farmers of future returns by announcing a 90 cents increase in the present $12.50 floor or minimum price for all good and choice hogs up to 270 pounds. At the same time, the War Food ad ministration said that neither sup port nor celling prices would be trimmed before September, 1046. Though the government's action on floor prices was not expected to affect current operations be cause of the relatively small supply of hogs in face of the record de mand, it was considered reassuring In the prospect of greatly in creasing marketing in'the winter, when the pressure on prices might be strong. With private sources estimating that spring pig farrowing was up 12 per cent, the WFA called on farmers to increase the fall crop by 18 per cent. Chiefly because of lower hog production throughout the first part of IMS, total meat output is expected to drop some 10 per cent below last year. Bumper Crop Benefiting from excellent weather conditions, the nation's 1045 winter wheat crop is expected to approxi mate an all-time 862,515,000 bushels, about 37,000,000 bushels over the previous 1931 top, the U. S. depart ment of agriculture reported. After fall moisture was generally sufficient to get the crop off to a good start, good snowfall provided protection during the winter to hold acreage losses to the lowest level in 25 years. In most sections, the ground was in condition to absorb a large percentage of the moisture from the melted snow and rains, the USDA reported. With the expected abandonment lowest since 1919, indicated yield of 17.4 bushels would be one bushel above last year. As of April 1, estimated stocks of wheat on farms totalled 239,083,000 bushels, third largest since 1927. Stocks approxi mated 22 per cent of the 1944 har vest, USDA said. MINERS: Another Raise Maintaining his reputation as one of organized labor's shrewdest and hardest bargainers, bushy-browed John L. Lewis won new wage con cessions for his United Mine Work ers averaging $1.07 a day, but the agreement remained subject to gov ernment review in the interests of the anti-inflation program. Expected to run into close scrutiny of the War Labor board, which has hewed to the "Little Steel" formula limiting wage in Samuel O'NeO ot toaj operators (left), Chairman Exra Bon of acsotlatlns com mittee (center), and John L. Lewla at con tract parleys. creases to IS per cent above the January, 1941, level, the agreement i calls for time and a half for inside 1 day workers over seven hours and a rate of $1.50 for underground 1 travel time; boosts of from $1.07 to $1.20 a day for outside employees, loaders and electricians; 4 cents an . hour more for workers on the sec ond shift, and 6 cents for those on the third, and $75 pay instead of vacations. Having run the gamut of WLB approval, the agreement still was subject to OPA consideration, in view of estimates that the wage con cessions would add about 25 cents a ton to the nation's fuel bill, or $150, 000,000 annually. RECONVERSION: Make Preparations With victory in Europe immi nent, and with It a partial recon version from wartime to peacetime output, War Production board took steps to permit industry to obtain new machine tools for manufacture of civilian goods. Biggest major item on WPB's program was the grant of priorities to the automobile industry for 50 million dollars of machine tools and related equipment for civilian manu facture. To take from three to seven months for making, the orders were placed last fall without priority rat ing, then dumped when early hopes of victory faded and the war went into 1945. In permitting the placement of or ders for machine tools and related equipment for civilian manufacture, the WPB is developing a plan whereby such business would not in terfere with the output of vital ma terial needed tor prosecution ot th* war. ? * Lint From a Blue Serge Suitt Just before the war, Jan Smeter lin, the eminent Polish pianist, was on a world concert tour and at one point visited Valdemosa on the is land of Majorca, which was the place where Chopin lived. Smeter lin visited the monastery which was Chopin's home (and has since been turned into a private residence) hoping to see the piano on which Chopin played. He was told that the piano was now the property of a private family in Palma. Smeterlin located that family and as he stood in rapt awe looking at this box, which was the Instrument of the great Polish immortal, the man of the house sajd, "Surely, Mr. Smet erlin, you're going to play on it!" . . . Smeterlin replied reverently, "Oh?I wouldn't think of touching it." To which his host said, "Oh, non sense?my children bang on it all the time!" Supreme Court Jostiee Hago Black is a fiend for lyonnaise pota toes. A new waitress at his favor ite restaurant brought him french fries in error and told him she couldn't change the order. .. A Washington reporter, seated near by, asked her if she knew the patron was a United States high court judge. Unimpressed, she refused to change the order, explaining: "How often do they change their de cisions?" We've only used it twice before, but every time some contributor offers it we get the giggles and have to print it all over again. It's about Mr. Mefoofsky and his four-year-old son, Itzic. . . . They were strolling in the park, and the boy kept ask ing all sorts of questions. It was getting on Mefoof's "noyfs." "Poppa," persisted Itzic, "wot kind flowers is doze?" - "How should I know?" exploded Mefoofsky. "Am I in the millinery bizniz?" James Gordon Bennett, (who used to own the N. Y. Herald) had a list of "don'ts" for reporters that was as long as the memory of a ra dio comedian. . . . Every once in a while, though, the boys made him take one back. "Don't use 'patron' or 'guest' in referring to a paying customer at a hotel," one rule went, "because you are using the word incorrectly." The rule was changed when the boys on the rewrite desk (searching for other words) started to refer to persons who registered at hotels as "inmates." New Yorkert' Notebook: The English are giggling over the cook's dog at an RAFlying field. The canine dashed down the run way in pursuit of a plane taking off. . . . "Does your dog always do that?" a new officer asked. . . . The cook said yep. . . . "Why?" the officer wanted to know. "I don't know, sir," replied the dog's owner. "But what worries me is what he's going to do with it when he catches a plane." Ivor Newton, the London pianist, heard a Cockney five this explana tion of his own courage regarding the robot bombings: "I see it like this. It must take the Germans a lot of trouble to make the bloody things, and then they have to get them into those pits and up in the air, and it is quite a long way from France to London, and if they do get to Lon don, they still have to find Lime house, and even then, it isn't every- j one who can find 37 Bulstrode road I where I live, and if they do, it's 10 to 1 that I would be down the corner in the Pub." At the home of mutual friends, after the funeral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Winston Churchill, who was touched by the prelate's passing, said: "Once again, the na tion has lost a great churchman and a great Englishman." . .. Then, in an aside, Mr. Churchill, who cred its his 70 years to having a drink now and then, added: "And once again one of my good friends has met the untimely end of a complete teetotal erl" Story of the Week: The newest General Patton legend according to just-returned correspondents. . . . When the Germans cold-bloodedly murdered Gen. Maurice Rose, Pat ton was strangely silent for a long time. . . . Then he reached slowly into his jacket pocket from which he removed a German-English diction ary. .. . And crossed out the word 'mercy." Where Delegates Meet to End Scourge of War In this magnificent chamber, the delegates from 44 nations are de- | bating questions that may shape the future for generations. This view of the San Francisco Opera house was taken from the first balcony. ? World Peace Hopes Converge On Conference in San Francisco ? i An Organization With Responsibility, Power Envisioned by Planners By JOHN E. JONES Released by Western Newspaper Union. Out of the Yalta conference of the Big Three came the electrify ing news that San Francisco had been selected for the coming United Nations conference ? "We have agreed," they said, "that a confer ence of United Nations should be called to meet at San Francisco in the United States on April 25, IMS, to prepare the charter of such an organization, along the line pro posed in the informal conversations at Dumbarton Oaks." Official announcement came to San Francisco's Mayor Lapham from Acting Secretary of State Joseph C. Grew with the further ad vice that " Representatives of the department of state will get in touch with you in a day or so with regard to necessary arrangements for the conference." And so San Francisco, most western of our American cities, founded in 1776, the same year as our Declaration of Independence, becomes the focal point of men's hopes from all parts of the world for enduring peace. San Francisco, the Golden Gate of the '49ers, be comes now the new Golden Gateway to future security for all mankind. If you take a map of the world and draw lines from Russia to South Africa, from Egypt to China, from Central Europe to India, from the Philippines to the Scandinavias, from Greenland to Australia, and from Canada to New Zealand, all of these lines will cross or converge at San Francisco. So San Francisco becomes the world peace center. 'No World War HI.' indicative ol the importance or this meeting are some of the state ments made by statesmen and pressmen. Veteran newsman Mark Sullivan: "The greatest present need of the world is to see that there shall be no World War III. This is the beginning of everything and the objective of everything." Lt. Cmdr. Harold Stassen, dele gate: "I hope that San Francisco may mean for the world of to morrow what Constitution hall at Philadelphia meant for the United States of America." Anthony Eden, foreign secretary of the British empire: "This may be the world's last chance to create an effective peace organization com bining responsibility with power." Attendance at the meeting bears out this importance. Forty-four nations from, all continents of the earth are represented. It has been estimated that delegates and their attendants, secretaries, advisers experts on all matters of government ?total some 1,300 persons- News gatherers?press and radio?number upwards.of 1,000. San Francisco is boat to from 2,500 to 3,000 persons. Our state department has had rep resentatives in San Francisco since March preparing for the big meet ing, which tares every facility of the coast city. Hotels, which have already been full to overflowing for the lest two years or more, have to take care of several thousand more. The department of state has reserved 3,200 rooms in the larger hotels, taking over entirely several of the largest. The San Francisco chamber of commerce has advised people not directly connected with the conference to stay away from the city during April and May. No one knows how tag the con ference will remain in session. First plans were for approximately four weeks. It may last eight weeks or longer, for a big job has to be dene, i East meets West aad all a< the dtf ferences between them must be ironed out in order to build an or ganization that will be effective and enduring. Everything Arranged Early. Experienced protocol officers have had to work out in advance details of seating arrangements at meetings ?both general and committee?as well as at banquets and dinners, and hotel room assignments. Transporta tion from air fields to hotels and from hotels to meeting places had to be provided. San Francisco is a cosmopolitan city with a population made up of persons from all parts of the world. Many of its taxi drivers speak other languages in addition to Eng lish. Each taxicab carries a sign indicating the languages that its driver speaks, so that foreign dele gates may pick out a driver con versant in his own language. Headquarters for the United Na tions convention are in one of the large hotels on Knob hill. Meetings are being held in several of the large public buildings in San Fran cisco's Civic center, such as War Memorial Opera house, Veterans' auditorium and the Civic auditorium. Rules governing the press and the public follow in general the pattern established at the Chapultepee con ference in Mexico city, where the press had admittance to all general meetings and information sources from committee meetings. Many of the general meetings are open to the public, so far as space makes that possible. It is a privilege long to be remembered to sit in on a session where a constitution of the United Nations is being created. Details to Committees. Much of the actual business of the convention of necessity is done in committee meetings where plans and details are formulated, dis cussed, changed, and worked up into a cohesive program, to be pre sentea to the general conlerence. Here differences come up necessi tating reference back to committee, often time and time again. It is no easy job to create an instrument to govern international relations ac ceptable to people from every continent of the earth. But present day transportation and communications have erased the barriers of distance and isola tion. There is no isolation, we are a part of a family of nations. Kipling wrote, "East is east and west is west ? and ne'er the twain shall meet." But Kipling was probably wrong. The "twain" are meeting where the east and the west come together geographically and spiritu ally in San Francisco, at the Golden Gateway to future peace and securi ty among the nations of the earth. The peoples of the United Nations look to San Francisco?Australians, Asiatics, Europeans, Africans, Americans ? north and south "-e'all have their hearts and hopes in the convention beginning en April 39. Who knows but that in their hearts the common people of our enemy, both European and Astatic, are putting their hopes in this world meeting for an end to the catas trophe which they started but could not finish. Atop Mt. Davidson, 900 feet above the city of San Francisco, is a' huge cross. Here annually some liO.OOO of the city's diverse population have gathered on Easter Sundays to wor ship at the foot of this cross. Here all forget their differences of race and creed in a common reverence. Never before has this cross been lighted at''any other time than Holy Week and Easter. Now, however, it is illuminated during the entire in ternational conference?that it may be a guiding light to bring to gether the east and the west; and? in the spirit for whioh It stands make brothers at us all in the United Nations at 1fee World. - -? . . fegf' Vets Opportunities Under 'G.I. Bill' Explained by Legion Auxiliary Workers By ins. citsin b. gilbert Nattaaal Pr.Odl. Emeries* L?floa A?im?ry. The American- Legion Auxiliary, ever since its organisation, has cen tered its work on aiding the war veteran and his family. The Auxili ary in past years has aided veter ans of the last war. With the in creasing number of veterans in the present war, the Auxiliary has stepped up its program to help the veteran in every possible way. A million veterans returned home in 1944. More and more are coming home each month. There are bound to be questions they will want to ask and problems they will have to solve. To ease this burden the Auxiliary under the leadership of its national president, Mrs. Pkn.i.. D nn. ?MMHaMMi vuaiico u. uu bert of Norwich, Conn., has pre pared questions and answers on some of the prob lems which will affect the. veter ans and their families. Here are some perti nent questions: a Q.?Just what 4^ ??..M u.. ? A.?Under Title III of the serv icemen's readjustment act of 1944, provision is made lor the guarantee ing by the administrator of veterans affairs of a loan to be used in pur chasing land, livestock, machinery to be used in fanning operations conducted by the applicant. Q?Does this mean that the vet erans administration will make the loan? A.?No. The law provides that the administrator of veterans affairs may approve an application for the guaranty of a loan within certain limitations, but the actual loans are made by .regularly established banks, lending agencies and private lenders. Q.?What does the law specifically provide regarding the purchase of a farm and farming equipment? A.?Any application made under this title for the guaranty of a loan to be used in purchasing any land, buildings, livestock, equipment, ma chinery or implements or in repair ing, altering or improving any build ings or any equipment to be used in farming operations conducted by the applicant may be approved by the administrator of veterans affairs if he finds? 1. That the proceeds of such loan will be used in payment for real or personal property pur chased or to be purchased by the veteran, or for repairing, alter ing or improving any buildings or equipment to be used in bona fide farming operations conducted by him. 2. That such property will be useful in and reasonably neces sary for efficiently conducting such operations. 3. That the ability and experi ence of the veteran, and the nature of the proposed farming opera tions to be conducted by him, are such that there is a reasonable likelihood that such operations wiB be successful. 4. That the purchase price paid or to be paid by the veteran for such property does not exceed the reasonable normal value thereof as determined by proper ap praisal. Q.?Who is eligible to apply far this farm loan guaranty? A.?A veteran who (1) has served in the active military or naval serv ice of the United States on or after September 10, 1940, and before the officially declared termination of World War II; (2) shall have been discharged or released from activu service under conditions other than dishonorable either after active serv ice of more than 90 days or be cause of injury in line of duty irre spective of length in service; (3) applies for the benefits of this title within two years after separation from the military or naval forces, or within two years after the offi cial termination of the war. In no event may an application be filed later than five years after such termination of such war. ? ? ? Q.?Who Is eligible to receive re adjustment allowance? A.?A veteran described above who is residing in the United States and is completely unemployed or who is partially uneipployed in that services have been pes tor mod far Irs, C. B. Gilbert
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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April 26, 1945, edition 1
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