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- - 1""w I The Alamance Gleaner Vol LXXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 1945 . Na 18 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS T Truman Treads Middle of Road In Naming New Cabinet Heads; Japs Tighten Hold on Homeland by Western Newspaper Union. ? 4EDITOR'8 NOTE: When eplelens are expressed In these columns, they are these ef Western Newspaper Union s news analysis and net necessarily ef this newspaper.) Cabinet Changes ?President Harry S. Truman continued to tread a middle path in politics with his recent cabinet appointments, taking a Hew Dealer, an extreme liberal and southern Democrat into his official family. In naming New Deal Rep. Clinton Anderson (N. M.) and liberal ex Senator Lewis Schwellenbach (Wash.) as secretaries of agriculture and labor, respectively, Mr. Truman literally went into cohgfesstonal ranks to make his selections, agam moving to re-establish friendly relations between the White House and Capitol Hill. As a member of the depart ment of justice, Tom C. Clark, the new attorney general, has enjoyed Ike confidence of both liberals and conservatives alike, further strength ening Mr. Truman's hand. , Though the President accepted Mrs. Perkins' resignation as secretary ef labor because of her desire to Return to private life, be was said to have taken Secretary of Agriculture Claude Wickard'a In an effort to bolster the department, and Attorney. General Biddle's as a natural result of the cool relatione between them. I^mong other things, Biddle had sought Hie reappointment of the district attorney who sent Mr. Truman's old political sponsor, "Boss," Pendergapt, to prison. The President followed the announcement of his new cabinet appoint ments with a request to congress for passage of legislation permitting Hie reorganization of the executive-branch of the government. Under such legislation, he would be able to consolidate or eliminate various agencies as conditions would dictate for economy and efficiency. Sketches of new cabinet members follow: Anderson Advocate of abun dant production to stifle Hack markets and in flation, Secretary of Agriculture Clinton An dmoa, 49, recently at tracted attention as chairman of house food mvertigating commit tee. Adopted son of ?e* Mexico, Anderson hat up successful in ?arance business and became large land own er, holding 1,000-acre cattle and dairy farm antside Albuquerque, ?r has served as treas ?tr, relief administra tor and unemployment compensation director at the state. Schwellenbach Elected to senate on highly liberal platform in 1934, Secretary of La bor Lewis Schwellen bach, 50, retired in 1940 to become federal judge. Vet of World War X, Schwellenbach soon entered politics after conflict's end, was defeated in bid for gov ernorship of Washing ton in 1932 after calling for government owner ship of utilities and use of idle lands and fac tories for unemployed. Noted for his liberal ism, Schwellenbach's appointment was warmly received by both the AFL and CIO, Clark Dark, quiet 6-foot At torney General Thomas (Tom) C. Clark, 4S, is representative of the Deep South and the pro tege of House Speaker Sam Rayburn and Sen ator Tom Connally. Prominent in Texas legal circles, Clark en tered department of justice in 1937, becom ing assistant and then head of the anti-trust division. As chief of war frauds unit, Clark re portedly has recovered more than $100,000,000 for the government and brought about the indictment of 1,000 per sons. JAPAN: Tighten Reins Backed almost to the wall, Japan Mcreased efforts to Shore up the hmne front for the critical days that Be ahead. Even as the Nipponese officials acted, B-29 bombers fol lowed up their devastating attacks am Nagoya with equally concentrat ed assaults on Tokyo, striking at the thousands of tiny shops produc ing small parts for big industries. Steps taken to combat the U. S. avalanche included: 1. Mobilization and special traili ng of 20,000,000 students and an agrarian militia to defend the home hnd. 2. Suppression of all pacifist senti nent and punishment of persons failing to turn in Allied propaganda pamphlets. 3. Efforts to perfect the operations ef the Kamikaze (suicide) air corps. 4. Granting of virtual military au Ihority to Japanese employers to uti Bze the time of their labor as they see fit without regard to working hours, rest periods or other regula tions. 5. Collection of nearly 5,000,000,000 bushels of surplus rice from agri cultural districts now before bomb ings disrupt the transport system for distribution to shortage areas. Vil hges possessing no rice surpluses must substitute wheat, corn, Ger man millet or dessau grass. SECURITY CONFAB: Clear Sailing With the Big Five?America, Brit ain, Russia. France and China?hav mc come to agreement on the vital issues of regional action and trustee ships, the heralded international se curity conference of the United Na tions at San Francisco headed for a happy conclusion. In agreeing to permit regional groups like the Pan-American coun ties to attempt to settle their own deferences or repel the attack of an aggressor before calling upon the ?arid security organization for as sistance, the United Nations recog nized the U. S.'s attachment to the ?stuoe doctrine, which the South American republics also took as heir own in the Act of Chapultepee. In the matter of trusteeships, the United Nations also bowed in def erence to the U. S., consenting to ^restricted American occupation of eaaquered Japanese islands for mili tary and naval bases until congress decides to revert control to the world security organization. GERMANY: Conquest Complete With the arrest of Grand Adm. Karl Doenitz by Allied authorities In Flensfaurg, Germany lost all sta tus as an organized state, with her territory carved into three occupe tional districts and all central gov ernment abolished. Doenitz' arrest followed Allied declarations that he was being allowed to operate as an ersatz fuehrer to complete the formal sur render of German air, sea and ground forces. His mission vir tually accomplished, Doenitz was taken into custody along with other members of the German general staff, said to be facing from 10 to 15 years of imprisonment. With Germany lacking any cen tral government, the U. S., Brit ish and Russians assumed gener al control in their respective occu pation zones. At the present, the best the Germans could look for ward to was local communal self rule, with possibilities it might be raised to a county level. Meanwhile, General Eisenhower ordered the release of German war .prisoners whose services were need ed in agriculture and Allied sup porting activities in the defeated country. ? ? ? Scheduled for trial as the No. 1 tear criminal, Gestapo Chief Heinrich Himmler cheated the Allies of vengeance by swal lowing potassium cyanide even as a medi cal officer was searching him for poison in the parlor of a residence in Lueneberg. Once head of the dread Nazi police that kept both Germany and occupied countries under thumb, Himmler swaggered to his end, personally slipping on his glasses to identify himself when first detained, then shaking loose the poison vial attached to a gum to gulp the contents while being exam ined. Even before his seizure, Himmler's wife had believed him a suicide. "He's better off dead," she said then. "They're all bet' * ter off dead* FREIGHT RATES: Equal Break The South's long struggle for par ity in freight rates was partially won with the Interstate Commerce com- 1 mission's order equalizing rail 1 charges for manufactured and high * grade goods in all sections from the 1 Atlantic seaboard to the Rocky ' mountains. ' As a result of the ICCs order call- 1 ing for an increase in so-called class freight rates in the East and a re- I duction in the South and West, In- 1 dustrial products in the latter two ' regions will be able to enter mar- 11 kets on a more equal footing with 1 eastern manufacturers. I At the same time, however, both ' the South and West were allowed to enjoy lower rates on such bulk com- 1 modifies as coal, livestock, lumber, * grain, cotton and sand. As previ- ? ously worked out, the freight rates P favored eastern Industries and south- B era and western prime producers, * establishing an economic pattern " which the South recently has been ? fighting in order to attain more bal- b anced economy for full utilization ct her material and labor rasourcea. * FOOD OUTLOOK: Below Expectations Hope for marked improvement In the meat lituation by next fall and through 1946 was dampened by the Agricultural Adjustment adminis tration's report that this year's esti mated pig crops of 87,200,000 head would fall about 9,300,000 below War Food administration goals and re sult in a loss of eight pounds of pork per person. At the same time, the AAA de clared recent surveys showed that plantings of such important food and feed crops as corn, potatoes, dry beans, sweet potatoes, sugar beets and cane, peanuts and flax seed also would drop below WFA goals. If 2,900,000 head short of the 55, 500,000 goal as estimated, the spring pig crop would affect fall and win ter supplies of pork, while a 2,750, 000 shortage in the 37,000,000 goal of fall production would be felt in the summer of 1948. To increase pig breeding, both congressional com mittees and the AAA recommended a boost in the present support price from the 813.00 per hundredweight level. , GREAT BRITAIN: To Vote Cunning as an international poli tician, pugnacious Winston Church ill j MI again |riUVCU himself no amateur on the home front, literally forcing Great Britain's first general election in 10 years at a time when he and his conservative party are riding the crest of favor as a result of Germany's de feat. Not only did Churchill force the election, but he also resigned as prime s minister, thus let ting the door open for a thumping re indorsement of his position when he | himself runs for j commons in the July elections. Until determination of a new government thei 1? i ?a Winston Churchill l, Churchill agreed to bead a temporary regime. In British politics, the prime min ister customarily is the leader of the majority party in commons, with its 613 members.' Thus should the conservatives ride to power again, Churchill again could be looked for to lead the government, or turn the job over to a fellow-partisan like An thony Eden. Because the Labor par ty failed in its attempt to postpone the election to autumn when con servative luster might have worn be cause of opposition to some of the liberal postwar proposals, it re signed from Churchill's wartime cabinet to resume the function of a critical minority. MORE DRIVING: Up Gas Rations Lessened demands following Ger many's capitulation plus the tremen dous production of the industry made possible an increase of from lour to six gallons in the "A" card gas ration and the boost in the max imum "B" allotment to 630 miles a month for the whole country. Because of the necessity of re arranging manufacture, transporta lion and distribution facilities, the ncreased rations will not become ef fective before June 22 for the "A" ind June 11 for the "B" cards. . With the bulk of U. S. shipping listed to haul supplies over great >r distances to the Pacific theater, ransport demands for fuel will be >ven larger than for the German lap fronts combined, thus dimming tny prospects for an increase in oil : 'ations for home heating. REDEPLOYMENT: [if to Pacific One of the spearheads of the Al ied drive across France and Ger nany, and the initial western force o join up with the Russians at the Slbe river, the U. S. 1st army was he first whose transfer to the Pacif c theater from Europe was en ounced by the war department. In revealing the shift, the war de lartment said that many of the divi ions of the original 1st will have to e reconstituted because of the re ease of vets under the point sys era. Personnel retained will be :iven 30-day furloughs in the U. S. efore resuming duties. Commanded by Lt. Gen. Courtney lodges, the 1st was foremost mong the Allied armies that tormed the Normandy beaches and ushed the Germans back into the teich. Recovering from Von Rund tedt's surprise Belgian offensive, tie 1st cracked the Siegfried Line, stablished the Remagen bridge cad east at the Rhine and raced t Gen. George Patten's U. 8. 3rd rmy across the waist at Germany. ? ? - - ? NoUi of ? New Yorker: Dept. ot Accurate ReportJnfi A certain newimag reports Molotov acted as host at a dinner tor Stet tiniua and Eden ? during which Molly gave some of the details con cerning the pinch of the 16 Poles. . . . The news-weekly's sister (a picture mag) on the same date re ports that the dinner was given by Stettinius in his (Stetty's) apart ment! Cum, cum, fellers, who's right? James Gordon Bennett, who founded the N. T. Herald, made it the most popular newspaper of its time. . . ."I make it a rule," he declared, "never to be more than a day ahead of the people and never an hour behind!" Franco was discussing the break ing oil of relations with Germany with one of his henchmen. ... "I believe," stated the latter, "that we should take further steps to show that we are now in the United Na tions camp." "What do you suggest?" queried the ace bull-thrower of Spain. "I think," continued the hench man, "we should set our flags at half mast for Roosevelt and i?? tribute to him in the press and on | the radio. We should also play Al lied music on the air, including even some of the Russian composers." "That's going a little too far," warned Franco. "If we get too democratic we may not be invited to the San Francisco conference." Believe it or don't, so wot? . . . Fat, paunchy Hermann Goering, nazishtunk No. 2, who was sooo brave and fearless when his luft waffe was blasting Coventry to bits, showed his true colors when caught. To the American soldiers assigned to watch him, he tremu lously pleaded: "Guard me well." "Oh, we will," responded one of the G.I.s. "I come from a farm, and a long time ago my father taught me how to take care of pigs." A group of senators were discuss ing the work of the security confer ence. Said an anti-Soviet politico: "I'm disappointed in the work of our delegation. They should have seen to it that the Russians were put in their place." "I agree," thundered a second Sowy-bogeyman, "and if the Reds don't know their place, we've got to show 'em?by force of arms, if necessary!" "Wait a moment," Interrupted a liberal senator. "All you fel lows talk about is hemming the Soviets in and fighting them. I thought it was the Axis we were fighting." "Fight the Axis, fight the Axis!" snapped the hate-Russia gent. "That's all you ever think of!" When Norwegian police threw Nazi-puppet Quisling into the jug, he raised vigorous objections. The cops relieved him of a satchel con- - taining chocolate and cognac. "Give me back my satchel!" . Quisling ranted. "I have done noth ing but good (or Norway, and a < statesmen like me should not be placed in an nrdinary cell!" , "Don't worry," soothed one of his , guards. "You will soon be placed , in an underground vault" , A wealthy couple had takes ' la a little bey of 8wiss par entage at the start af the war. Bis family sent the youngster on here because of fear of bombings, and he was eared for by his foster-parents. The other day the youngster was playing with the offspring of the family cook. The cook's kid asked the other: "Was your dad a soldier, and did he have te ffght in the war?" "No," answered the little fel ler. "My father didn't dght be cause wo are Swiss, and are are neutral." 'Tea, I know," replied the ?rst. "My mother's family are Swedish, and they are neutral, tee, but which side was your country neutral for?" By Way of Report: Recent photos showing a soldier on his knees with his eyes blindfolded and a Jap sam urai sword-juggler ready to be head him are iVi years old. . . . The Allied soldier was not an American. He was Australian. And die King of England awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously to his family. The other day the WID Hays of fice announced that it could not permit national release of a full length documentary Aim recording many gf Hm HSZl all IH HlSO With Food Supply Expected to Be lighter Than Ever, Women's Land Army Faces Its Greatest Challenge City Girls and Women Are Urgently Needed for Every Sort of Farm Job Women have done an outstand ing job in this war, and nowhere have their efforts been more im portant than in helping with the farm harvest. Until complete victory is won, there must be no letup on the home front. In this critical year of the war, the high rate of food production must be continued. At the same time, the farm labor 1 shortage will be even more seri ous in many areas. The answer is for town and city people?especially women and youth ?to step into the breach, as they have done for the past three years. Farm people themselves are work ing harder and longer hours than ever before. But they need extra helpers, especially during the har vest season. That group of women doing emergency wartime farm work comprise the Women's Land army. Their patriotic efforts have saved farm crops in thousands of cases. The Women's Land, army is a movement rather than an organiza tion. It is mainly a seasonal army. In each state, it is under the direc tion of the state extension service, with headquarters at the state agri cultural college. Most states have a Women's Land army supervisor who works closely with the county agricultural agents and their farm labor assistants. In most localities, the county agent administers the emergency farm labor program reeruiting and placing workers on farms. Last year, these local place ment offices . . . 12,000 over the country . . . placed about 330,000 women in farm work, and about as many other women were recruited directly by farmers or found their. Her husband b fighting on Mine Pacific Ulead, aad the b doiac her ait on the home (rant by ? thing m a Caaneetient dairy (arm. Her 1 sties include milking, cleaning the barn, and earing (or the calves. awn jobs. These women received pre vailing (arm wages (or the amount ' and type of work done. Besides these i great many (arm women worked an their own and neighboring (arms. Who Are WLA Workers? All women who help in the war ime production o( food, feed, or fiber ire a part of the Women's Land irmjr. Women from (arms, cities ind towns . . . (arm women who aork longer hours than ever before . . women from offices, factories ind stores .... women whose hus aands are overseas . , . housewives, allege girls and teachers. . . . They ire women of all ages who spend ill summer, all year, or only a few lours, a week end or a vacation icriod?helping bring through the arm crops our country must have. North, south, east aad west, want 's do all kinds of farm work. Singly ind In groups, they pick beans, to natoes and ether vegetables. They letassel corn, shock grain, pick po atoes, pick aad pack berries, sp iles, peaches, grapes, ether fruits nd nub. They work la cotton, rain, tobacco aad flax; drive trac srs, farm tracks aad eembtaes; silk the cows aad care (or poultry t locks. In brief, as aad where aeed d, women help plant, cultivate, and arrest the food aad fiber crops and are for the livestock?all so neeee ary la the war eflert. Farm wives aad daughters?hun reds of thousands of them?do a magnificent job, helping with hay sg, milking, feeding livestock. They andb lust about every farm task, J Probably the greatest need tor seasonal help la in harvesting perish able vegetables and traits. It Is particularly Important that all at the tomato crop be brenght to market, as this vegetable la a cheap and abun dant source of vitamin C. many or which they have never done before, putting in long hours at the double job of housework and farm work. ?fypical is one raid western farm woman who, during corn planting time, drove a tractor from 4 to 8 a. m. each day, and then did the farm chores before starting her regular housework, which she does without benefit of electricity and running water. Town Women Prove Capable. Even though town women were at first accepted reluctantly by many farmers, they have now proved them selves in farm work. Their help is especially valuable at harvest time, for crops like apples, peaches and other fruit; for beans, tomatoes, po tatoes, peanuts and cotton. Teach ers and college girls often spend two or three summer months in farm work. Business women work part of their vacation time, evenings and week ends harvesting tomatoes, beans and carrots, detasseling corn and picking apples, peaches and grapes. Homemakers also answer the lo cal call tor peak-season harvesting. For example, in an Oregon county last year, 900 homemakers helped save the bean crop. Each day they boarded the "Housewives Special"? buses leaving for the field at 8:30 a. m. and returning at 3 p. m. This gave them time to do the family breakfast before leaving and to mar ket for supper in the late afternoon. In Washington, as in other states, women joined groups of "twilight pickers" . . . working evenings in the big berry crop. And in a Cali fornia county, women working 7 to 11 p. m. as peach cutters to help save 20,000 tons of peaches by dry uig were Known as uie "Victory Shift." Women'* underlying motive for doing farm work is, for the most part, patriotism?a deep desire to help ... to have a part in feeding our soldiers and our allies?and an Intense conviction that no food should go to waste. As a 80-year-old woman said, after picking I tons of beans, "I'm glad to do it . . . you see, I have a son in the air corps." Of women who do farm work, by far the greatest number live at home tnd work by the day, or part-time, in farms nearby. Spend Vacations on Farms. Some women, especially college {iris, teachers and business women, ipend part of their vacation time in abor supply camps, working on sur rounding farms. For one week, two veeks, or the entire summer, they rultivate and pick vegetables or larvest fruit. Many Smith college itudents, as a part of their college's rummer plan of "work or study" ormed groups which lived as one lousehold in the fanning area where hey worked. Camps for women workers are op erated In many states. Last year, few Tork state's WLA camps in :luded about 3,000 New Tork City vomen and girls on their vacation ime. Life in camp is not all work. Vomen find it interesting and bread Ming, with the companionship ot somen from many different places. U one worker said, aftar an eve ning of recreation in camp, "We're ail friends, and that's what we'ra fighting for, isn't itt" Even more interesting than pick ing cherries was the "contact with different people," wrote another camp worker on returning home. Her fellow campers included an Ital ian teacher, a woman who had fled from Germany, college students, a librarian, a magazine writer, a governess, and a mother of IS chil dren. In some eases, wemea live right on the farm far the saauner. They do each week as taking care af the garden, planting, hoeing and har vesting on leas, carrots or other vege tables, or helping do a hired man's job. Typical of saeh workers are a serviceman's wife whs has fan sara sf the peeltry Sack oa a largo gen eral farm, and a woman who has charge of the milk room oa a dairy farm. Some women serve as "hired hands." They milk, take care of the poultry flock, feed livestock, and work in the field. Of the approxi mately 9,000 women placed for year round work in 1944, many of them were wives of men employed on the same farm. How to Get a Farm Job. A woman who can work for tha entire summer or for several weeks, should consult her county extension agent or local farm employment of fice immediately. These offices uso ? A student tram Willis m and Mary college spends part of her samaser vacation picking, grading and pack ing peaches hi a Virginia orchard. ally are located in the county court, house or federal (post office) build ing. If she cannot find this local office, she may write to the Women's Land army supervisor at her state agricultural college, or to Women's Land army, United States Depart ment of Agriculture, Washington IS, D. C. A woman who can work for oalp short periods of time should stand by for the call in her cosnmimity. It will come through her local news papers and overthe radio. ^Sherertll
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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June 7, 1945, edition 1
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