North Carolina Newspapers

The Alamance Gleaner . ? Vol LXXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1945 No. 3* U. S. Inventors Still Hold Lead Yankee Genius Again Proves i In War It Is Greatest Force in World. WASHINGTON.?American inven tive genius still, is M^great a, force fa tit* world as ever. In fact, an even greater force. Scientific men an pointing out that this was con vincingly demonstrated by the war Just brought to a victorious end, says the Chicago Herald American. The tradition of American fertility fa devising machines to make work ? easier and to produce more and bet ter goods goes back to the very roots of the nation. Since the days of Benjamin Frank lin down through the years, one Yankee inventor after another has given mankind a mechanical boon it never had before. Ell Whitney, Samuel F. B. Morse, Alexander Gra ham Bell, Thomas A. Edison, the Wright brothers are only a few of the names that rang around the vlnh* This nation of inventors brought forth new instruments of both war and peace. The first submarine was ? Yankee product, so was the first ironclad warship with a revolving gun turret?the Monitor of Civil war tame?and numerous other weapons originating here blazed new paths in warfare. Germany Outstripped. Then came World War II, and for a time it looked as if the palm for inventiveness had passed into German hands. But skilled as the Nazis we're in contriving means for speedily crushing their neighbors, the tremendous events leading to American triumph on two fronts proved conclusively that Yankee mechanical genius had by no means diminished. Not only did the ideas for outstand ing inventions that resulted in vic tory originate in American labora tories and workshops, but indica tions clearly point to American lead erstup m the current race to recon vert war weapons and industries to tbe uses of peace. Dramatically at the head of the list of new war inventions is, of course, the atomic bomb. For years, scientists sought to release the vast energy known to be kicked in the atom's nucleus. It re mained for an American, Dr. Ernest O. Lawrence, 30-year-old physicist at the University of California, to show how to release that force. Though the atomic bomb sealed the fate of Japan, the Nips were already groggy from American blows. The greatest single mechan ical factor in overwhelming both the Nazis and the Japs is, by gen eral consent, radar?radio detection and ranging. Radar and DDT. Credit for radar belongs strictly to America and goes back to 1922, when Dr. Albert Hoyt Taylor, chief consultant and co-ordinator for elec tronics at the naval research labor atory, Washington, D. C., and Leo C. Young, an associate, made some experiments with the use of short waves for communication with air planes. They discovered that ships in the Potomac river distorted their radio signals. They were keen enough to recognize that they had come upon an epoch-making discovery ? that here was a means by which the U. S. navy could detect enemy warships at considerable distance. The rest is history. Other nations, following our lead, likewise devel oped radar instruments, but no coun try brought the equipment to the peak of perfection arrived at in this countrv Another marvel ?the peerless bombsight, named (or its inventor, Carl L. Norden?convinced all our enemies they had a good deal to learn in the way of war-making from this democracy. The Norden bombsight is so pre cise that U. S. bombardiers found it possible to spare churches, hos pitals and non - military buildings while pulverizing everything else in their immediate neighborhood. That extraordinarily effective in secticide, DDT, which saved mil lions of American servicemen from malaria, typhus and other insect borne diseases, already has been ap plied to civilian needs. 5,000,000 Lost Tons of Skips Cost War, Says Japs YOKOHAMA, JAPAN. ? Japan more than 5 million tone of shipping during the war and this "decisive defeat" in sea borne sup P'y warfare was a major factor in her total defeat, the Nippon Times "Ported recently. Japan's present ?hipping tonnage totals 285,000 tons, ""Prising T47 vessels over 100 tons ?nd including all weasels under re or stranded at sea. . I War Doubles Per Capita U. S. Income Commerce Department Gives Result of Survey. WASHINGTON.?Per cmpite to come tar the United States virtually doubled during the war. The commerce department said so in a survey of income payments to individuals during the years 1940 through 1944. The survey showed per capita in come for individuals jumped from $979 in 1940 to $1,117 in 1944, or an ! increase of 94.3 per cent. The fig ures were reached by dividing total \ income by the civilian population. "A striking war-period develop ment," the department noted, "was the partial reduction of the broad geographical differentials in per j capita income." , What happened was that, because i of war activities and population 1 shifts, per capita income gains spurt ed more sensationally in so-called low-income states than in high-in come states. i "The net effect," said the depart- i ment, "was that from 1940 to 1944 I the over-all per capita income of the i 32 low-income states advanced from ' afpiuAuuaici/ uuc-uau w uuw < fifths of the comparable average tor i the high-income states." i The trend was for income and the 1 Southeast, Southwest aqd West to ' come closer to the income levels of 1 the East and Midwest. Lessons of War on Fire Fighting Help in Peace WASHINGTON, D. C. ? Fire fight ing techniques developed by the navy during the war may revolution ize postwar civilian fire fighting organizations. Naval methods were credited with saving uncounted lives and millions of dollars' worth of property, including such vessels as the aircraft carrier Franklin, Bunk er illil, Saratoga and Ticonderoga. The navy said recently that the practical results of its techniques promise to save billions of dollars for property owners in years to come. All applicable details of Its equipment and methods, the navy said, will be given freely to civil Are departments, industrial Arms, Are protection and insurance organ-: izations. Already a large percentage of the members of the Boston Are department has been trained in navy methods. In addition to fog nozzles and foam, navy developments include a portable oxyacetylene cutting outAt, permitting quick cutting through of 1 steel decks and bunkheads, and an oxygen rescue breathing apparatus which generates its own oxygen and < removes impurities from exhaled I air. Open Second Hand Market For Civilians in Berlin BERLIN, GERMANY. ? An Al lied approved second hand mart for civilians opened on Brunnenstrasse recently and more than 3,000 Ber liners jammed it with every con ceivable kind of used article for bar ter or sale. The mart was opened by the Ber lin city administration to help curb the black market. An admission fee of one mark, or 10 cents at the mil itary exchange rate, is charged. On one bicycle was a sign: "In exchange (or camera, automobile rug or cloth (or suit." Gray haired women with dresses reaching their ankles offered opera glasses. Three teen age girls put up sev eral of their party dresses (or bar ter (or walking shoes. Other items included door hinges, water color paints, shoes, handkerchiefs, grand father clocks, handbags, a carpen ter's saw, woolen yarn, cigaret cases, draftsmen's tools, phono graphs and a radio amplifier. War Cost Army 737,714 Tons of Cargo at Sea WASHINGTON, D. & ? The war department reported that 737,714 ship tons of army cargo were lost at sea during the war as the result of the sinking or damaging of 148 vessels outbound from the United States. The total included 200,058 tons from the sinking of 31 vessels and the damaging of two others in the Pacific and 537,658 tons through the sinking of 105 vessels and damag ing of 10 others in the war against Germany. These figures, the army empha sized, cover only losses on vessels of American and foreign registry sailing from this country. The army calculated the losses amounted to 62 tons out of each 10,000 tons shipped from this country from De cember. 1941, to August 1. 1945. Sooth America'! Jeimny Apflniii South America haa a variation of the North American story of Johnny Appleseed, but in Paraguay it was oranges rather than apples that were planted. During the Paraguay an war. General Lopez commanded that oranges be planted on all estates. He also encouraged people, whenever they ate an orange any where in Paraguay, to plant the seed. In Brazil, large scale commer cial production of oranges has de veloped, and to a lesser extent in Cuba; Mexico- and Argentina. . Balloon Cloth Balloon cloth is all that its name Implies, the cotton fabric perfected early in the war for covering the barrage balloons used in the defense of strategic cities from air attack. The need for these balloons dimin ished and the fabric, a very fine cot ton fabric woven of long staple cot ton, was diverted to civilian needs. It is variously finished and in the hand is smooth as silk, and wears with about the same resistance to creasing. When used for dresses, the fabric is usually printed. New Types of Electric Lamps Effects of startling developments resulting from wartime electrical re searcn ana engineering is oeing tell In the lamp industry. Among these lew articles are the sunlamp, which can be screwed into any sock it operating on standard alternat ing current; the heat lamp, a home ise adaptation of the infra-red lamps ised in industry; the sterilamp, which gives ultraviolet radiation of i wave length deadly to airborne bacteria. Federal Inspection A meat plant that operates with federal inspectors on the job must comply with high standards for clean, wholesome food that is ac curately labeled. Department of agriculture regulations for such a meat packing plant deal with prac tically everything from the aprons the workers wear to the wrapping and labeling of the meat. Farm Roads America has 2,400,000 miles of ? urai ruaas serving o.wu.uuu iarms, but only -45,000 miles have a high type pavement and 99,000 miles have a low-type bituminous surfac ing. The rest of these country high ways ? 2,256,000 miles ? have a non-treated surface, are merely graded and drained, or are simply trails. Storing Rags Roll rugs and carpets on a strong pole, sprinkling camphor crystals, Dr similar moth-preventives, in as you roll. Wrap in papers, sealing any portions where moths might en ter. Put them in a cool, dry place, preferably standing on end. Be sure they are thoroughly clean before storing. Drive on Left All Britain's important colonies and dominions except Canada fol low the mother country's lead and drive on the left. The Philippines, which had conformed to the general far east custom of driving on the left, switched to the U. S. style upon liberation from the Japs. Rejuvenate 8ewing Machine To clean a neglected sewing ma chine which is gummy with oil and dirt, use kerosene and a brush. When clean, wipe the parts dry and let the whole machine air for 24 hours. Then oil it. Rubber Gloves If you wear rubber gloves to pro tect your hands and nails but find the nails pierce the. finger end Just turn the glove inside out and paste a piece of adhesive tape over each finger end. Unmarried Soldiers There are no war widows of the Nayar soldiers of India because these men are not allowed to marry. Nayar women are ritually married to any man who happens to be honte on leave. Rinse Milky Glass Do not plunge a glass in hot wa ter if it has contained milk. It makes the glass very cloudy, so first rinse the glass In cold water and then wash in hot, soapy water. Finish Faster Self-fed hogs usually finish for market somewhat more quickly than hand-fed hogs, yet they require no more feed for each pound of gain. Use Less Feed Largely because of improved breeding and feeding practices, the production of s dozen eggs now takes about a pound of feed less than it did a half-century ago. DiOeelt Stains Don't try to remove rust stains. That's a Job for the professional cleaner, as Is also the removal of stains from velvet or metallic fab rics. * Seed Being Rushed to Europe, Asia to Avert Famine Threat ? UNRRA Shipped 38,000 Tons Since Early Spring Br L. r. (Um. Iihuln l>rtllb| IihH First harvests from UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabili tation administration) seeds are be ing reaped by European farmers this fall, for despite early difficul ties of shopping it was possible to send some seeds in time for the 1945 spring planting. A shipping program has been drawn up to meet Europe's 194S spring needs and an initial pro gram has been started in China. From the multiplication of UNRRA seeds will come seeds for the first plantings in Jap-free soil. The 1945 fall and winter seed ship ping targets for Europe are mainly wheat, rye, barley, oats, vetch and alfalfa. Data from current shipping reports indicate the amounts, vari eties and destinations of the seeds included with UNRRA cargoes now going forward from the United States and Canada. For instance, on July 2 the Chief Osceola left Baltimore for Constanza with 70,000 bags of rye seed for Czechoslovakia. The following day the Aleksandar I cleared Montreal with 934 bags of alfalfa seed for Yugoslavia, and the Tamara left St. John, New Brunswick, for Piraeus, Greece, with 905 bags of alfalfa seed. The Nicholas Labodie left Houston, Texas, for Constanza, July 8, with 15,420 bags of wheat seed and 1,166 bags of rye aboard to be routed to Czechoslovakia along with other UNRRA materials and sup plies. Europe Exported Seeds Before War. In prewar times, Europe was not only self-sufficient, but a producer of an exportable seed surplus. This was true for cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, red clover and many other seeds although seed corn and peren nial grasses were imported. But the destruction of war forced constant switches in the normal economy upon the occupied countries. At the end of hostilities such seeds as the edible legumes?beans and peas, most of the vegetables, wheat and other cereal seeds were needed. Many areas in Europe were also short on grass seeds to rebuild neglected pasture land, -seeds to grow animal feed and seeds for in dustrial crops. Forage legumes, al falfa, the clovers?red, alsike, and white?and turniDS for animal feed ing are called (or. Seeds to grow rape and hemp (or oil, and flax (or fiber are also needed. Shortly after UNRRA was (ormed by the United Nations in November o( 1943, these estimates were turned over to the Standing Technical Com mittee on Agriculture. The experts o( the committee, representing both the invaded and the supplying na tions, used them as their starting point (or planning rehabilitation through the importation and manage ment o( a seed supply. As later in formation came to light the early goals were modified. The time ot year when countries were liberated also entered into UNRRA's calcula tions. Since the military is respon sible for the initial shipments, the army would undertake to distribute supplies in countries ready to plant while military governments were in charge. Vegetables Given Priority. In selecting seeds to be sent, the committee gave first emphasis to seeds that grew food for direct hu man consumption. Vegetable seeds came first, then potatoes and cere al. Secondary consideration and shipping space went to seed that would produce forage crops for areas where the restoration ot the livestock feed supply is considered urgent. The tonnages shipped and distributed to date reflect this pri ority. Seeds dispatched for IMS spring planting were largely beans and peas from Canada and the Unit ed States, and other vegetable seeds from the United States and the Unit ed Kingdom. Food grown from these seeds is now furnishing some of the protective elements so badly needed in the diets of most of the people of the world today. Some of the seed distributions hi the liberated countries were car ried on jointly by UNRRA and the military. As the military govern ments withdrew the remaining seed stocks were turned over to UNRRA. Seeds from this source were dis tributed In the Balkans. Some of the seed held for UNRRA in the U. S. for use last spring in case of an earlier V-E Day were then chan neled into the domestic market. For instance, vegetable seeds to replant the irrigated truck lands near the city areas in Greece were first made available through mili tary supplies and later through UNRRA shipments. Vegetable and root crop seeds from plants grown in England were shipped this spring tn r.9?rhnilnvolrio Pnnf nvnn aaa^s were included with the first UNRRA cargoes for Poland. Surplus Stocks Distributed. One objective of the UNRRA seed program is to re-establish a flow of seeds within Europe from surplus pockets to areas of need. Military authorities found that Germany had been stimulating seed production in some of the occupied countries. Where crops were not destroyed these reserves are now made gen erally available. Seeds of French origin are going to Holland and Belgium. Danish seeds may flow across Danish fron tiers. Italy may have a surplus of seeds which can be routed to other countries. Seed potatoes from Cy prus have been sent to Greece. A small portion of the crops raised from the 1945 shipments of seed is being set aside to produce the seed tor next year's planting. The breakdown of interior trans portation in the liberated countries as a result of German occupation is a complicating factor in the seed situation as it is in nearly every other relief and rehabilitation pro gram. Every seedman who has led the fight in his own community for better farm to market roads can un derstand the situation. Roads and waterways have been bombed. Civil ian motor vehicles haye disappeared, carts have been wrecked and draft animals have been stolen and slaughtered. Much of this was de liberate sabotage on the part of the retreating Nazis. Even when there are seeds on hand there is difficul ty in moving them from the area where grown to the seed cleaning establishments, warehouses and markets. Early this spring there was a sur plus of sorely needed alfalfa seed in one of the liberated countries but the farmers couldn't thresh it be cause there was no power or fuel. Even if it could have been threshed there was no means for getting it to the seed cleaning plants. Through out the channels of distribution the same problems of fuel power and transportation arise. However, the trucks, tractors and draft animals now going to the liberated countries are beginning to ease the situation. The 1940 spring shipping targets are being worked out now by UNRRA in consultation with the agricultural officials of the countries receiving aid. All shipments will be based on estimates which reflect the actu al minimum requirements to pro duce maximum crops. Minmta Mikt-Upi Br OABRIELLE ropodut (or the removal of callous spots on your toes and soles and (or nail trimming. Even if your feet are tree of blemishes you will find a professional foot massage won derfully refreshing. It is a good idea, too, to massage your feet your self before putting on your shoes. t?ie?? Byudw^u.?wtro ruMm. Something to Keep the Ladies Warm This armload af whit* fax pelts being displayed by aa employee af a New York auction boose Is warth plenty at present niaaa. Par easts, always expensive, win ba sky-high this year, dealers say. Meat skins now ased earns tram Canada aad the Inked Mates. The highest-priced for this season Is called sUver-Mae piattnam ariak. There are caly easagh af these rare pelts la Me world ts inake op tea seats, da Aasarieaa aslak fsraser derelaped the eelsr phase by careM Islnbinisi "GAY GADGETS" I 1 Wwwptptw whu ftaturva. By NANCY PEPPER MEUAL MANIA Lets see how qaiekljr you cats can more tn on a High Fashion. O the .w..^ fashion leaders in New York and in Hollywood are wearing costly antique medals for decoration on ail kiuds of clothes. Well, who says they hare to be an tique? See if your lather lui lome old medals (wain't be wading champion or semething 1 la bla youth?); see if your O-A.O. will part with the medal he woa for track. Pin them to bits of col ored ribbon and wear them instead of your trickier lapel gadgets. If yon hare a lot of medals, yoa can pin them to a broad ribbon worn diagonally from one shoulder and , tacked into your skirt belt. It's a fad! LUSH MUSH I Watch the pounds roil on while yon gurgle and slurp oyer the eale- < ries dished up for yoa by your fa vorite soda fountain jerk. We know what you've been eating, 'eos our 1 soda fountain sleutha have been watching you. Goober Special?Vanilla ice cream topped with peanut butter. It's pos itively Vanny. Coke Mush?A coca cola with a scoop of ice cream floating in it. Delish. Tin Roof?Ice cream, marsh mal low, syrup; peanuts dished up in a coca cola glass. Tastes better that | way. Hula Shake?It'? a malted milk with pineapple in it. Sounda dead ly, but they tell ua it'a dreamy. Jeep Special?Glaaa of water and a defense stamp. That's our fa vorite drink at the soda fountain. We hope it's yours, too! SCHOOL DAZE PupU?Should you be blamed lor things you haven't done? Teacher?No, that wouldn't be fair. PupU?Thanks, I didn't do my, '-5 homework for today. ? Teacher?What happens when the, human body is immersed in water?] PupU?The phone rings. Teacher?Order, please. Pupil?Double chocolate malted. ? ? ? $64 Questions Why are Boy Scouts DtssyT Because they do so many Good1 Turns. Why did the LKtle Moreu hit Me (a! friend la the eye? >? So he could go out on a Blind' Dat~. Why should yen take a frog and' a porcupine shopping with yen? Because frogs have greenbacks and porcupines have points. ? ? ? Sad Sonnets Early to bed. Early to rise. And your gal will go out With six other guys. They Know It's Loaded When crossing fences, let ?e member of the party climb ever first without a pa Hand ail gnaa otrer to him, being sore to "break" the breech before handing over. Bo sore barrel and action are dear of obstruction before shooting. High School Crowd Taught How to Drive In Safety Program ???^-~~ Anticipating a teen-age rush to used car lots for "jallopies'* dis carded by the motor public when new model automobiles are placed on the market, state and local school officials are accelerating programs in high school driver education. Termed "behind the wheel" pro grams, those in operation or planned tor the near future are designed to teach high school students to drivw safely on the public highways. Some 5,000 high schools through out the country now have behind-tbe- ? wheel programs, according to infor mation to the American Municipal association, with six states ap parently well in the lead in devel oping such programs: North Do kota, Iowa, California, Wisconsin. North Carolina and Illinois. In each of these six states, at least 300 high schools offer driver education courses. Delaware Includes behind dm wheel training in 37 classes in IB high schools. Only six high schools in the state remain without the state wide driver education program be ramu? of WArtima larlr of rteramnnl and equipment. The West Virginia board of edu cation has approved the proposal course of study in driver education prepared by the West Virginia driv er education committee and inclnd ed it in the standard gtste high school curriculum. Minnesota held a three-day educa tion institute at the University ed Minnesota this summer through ca> operation of the university Had statu departments responsible for traflie education. The summer institute tal lowed three regional institutes heM in May. One of the difficulties involved la behind-the-wheel training in North Carolina has been solved by using the state school buses tor training purposes. Thousands of students have already learned the principles and pracUceof safe driving through